Professional Documents
Culture Documents
European standardisation
for transformer losses reduction
1/31/2011 1
LEONARDO ENERGY
Standardisation evolution
1992 CENELEC: HD 428, HD 538
1998 CEI 14-13 + dry type
2001 CE mandate to CENELEC
2005 (25.1) CENELEC TC 14 WG21
2006 positive vote EN50464-1
2
LEONARDO ENERGY
Evolution HD428
No load losses (W) Load losses (W)
Rated power (kVA)
A B C A B C
100 320 260 210 1.750 2.150 1.475
160 460 375 300 2.350 3.100 2.000
250 650 530 425 3.250 4.200 2.750
400 930 750 610 4.600 6.000 3.850
630 (4%) 1.300 1.030 860 6.500 8.400 5.400
630 (6%) 1.200 940 800 6.750 8.700 5.600
1000 1.700 1.400 1.100 10.500 13.000 9.500
1600 2.600 2.200 1.700 17.000 20.000 14.000
2500 3.800 3.200 2.500 26.500 32.000 22.000
3
Normal CEI 14-13
approx Reduced CEI 14-13
LEONARDO ENERGY
Evolution HD428
No load losses (W)
Evolution HD428
load losses (W)
HD538
Vn(kV) Sn (kVA) Load losses (W) No load losses (W) Vcc (%)
100 2000 440
160 2700 610
250 3500 820 4
400 4900 1150
12,0 630 7300 1500
630 7600 1370
1000 10000 2000
6
1600 14000 2800
2500 21000 4300
250 3800 880
400 5500 1200
630 7800 1650
24,0 6
1000 11000 2300
1600 16000 3100
8 2500 23000 5000
LEONARDO ENERGY
HD538
German standard DIN 42523
Rated Load losses Load losses Load losses Load losses Load losses
Rated power No load
voltage (W), thermal (W), Thermal (W), Thermal (W), Thermal (W), Thermal Vcc (%)
(kVA) losses (W)
(kV) class A class E class B class F class H
EN 50464-1
Loss reduction
Alignement with energy label
mobile classes
Sound levels indipendent from
no load losses
10
LEONARDO ENERGY
A B No loadClosses (W)
Sn (kVA) Vcc (%)
E0 D0 C0 B0 A0
50 190 145 125 110 90
100 320 260 210 180 145
160 460 375 300 260 210
250 650 530 425 360 300
4
315 770 630 520 440 360
400 930 750 610 520 430
500 1100 880 720 610 510
630 1300 1030 860 730 600
630 1200 940 800 680 560
800 1400 1150 930 800 650
EN 50464-1
1000 1700 1400 1100 940 770
1250 2100 1750 1350 1150 950 6
1600 2600 2200 1700 1450 1200
2000 3100 2700 2100 1800 1450
11
2500 3500 3200 2500 2150 1750
LEONARDO ENERGY
EN 50464-1
1000 13000 10500 9000 7600
1250 16000 13500 11000 9500 6
1600 20000 17000 14000 12000
2000 26000 21000 18000 15000
12 2500 32000 26500 22000 18500
LEONARDO ENERGY
2 strategies:
Minimum total losses
Working point with best efficiency *
xPr
( xPr P0 x 2Pk )
1
2
x Pk P0 r Pk / P0 x
r
13 * Usually load factor equal to 4050%
LEONARDO ENERGY
Economic optimum
Present cost of:
the installed transformer (transformer cost and
installation costs)
No load and load losses
Cl CT A P0 B Pk
EN 50464-1
14
LEONARDO ENERGY
Economic optimum
A 12 Cd 8760 Ce Fc
2
SL
B Ce h Fc
Sr
where:
Cd is the pu cost of demanded power (/kW)
Fc actualization factor
15
LEONARDO ENERGY
Economic optimum
Standard industrial users - Eurostat
16
LEONARDO ENERGY
17
LEONARDO ENERGY
Economic optimum
AeB
For different industrial users
19
LEONARDO ENERGY
Alterantives:
Oversized E0DK
Oversized D0BK
B0AK
A0AK
20
LEONARDO ENERGY
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii
oversized E0DK *
50.000,00
22 E0DK base Savings
40.000,00
TOC ()
30.000,00
10.000,00
0,00
Ic Id Ie If
-10.000,00
23
E0DK base
D0BK *
Savings
D0BK *
5000,00
-10000,00
-15000,00
-20000,00
-25000,00
oversized D0BK *
20.000,00
0,00
-20.000,00
Ic Id Ie If
25 E0DK base Savings
Total Owning Cost "normal lo sses"
LEONARDO ENERGY
C0BK *
150.000,00
100.000,00
TOC ()
50.000,00
0,00
Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii
*ex CC HD 428
-50.000,00
26 E0DK base Savings
Total Owning Cost "normal losses" Total Owning Cost C-C' Savings
LEONARDO ENERGY
B0AK
150.000,00
100.000,00
50.000,00
TOC ()
0,00
Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii
-50.000,00
Total Owning Cost "normal losses" Total Owning Cost D-D' Savings
LEONARDO ENERGY
A0AK
150.000,00
100.000,00
50.000,00
TOC ()
0,00
Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii
-50.000,00
15,0%
10,0%
5,0%
0,0%
-5,0%
-10,0% Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii
-15,0%
-20,0%
-25,0%
-30,0%
E0DK base
TOC savings using a "reduced losses transformer
D0BK
TOC savings using a C0-Bk transformer
C0BK
TOC savings using a B0-Ak transformer
B0TOC
AKsavings using a Ao-AkAtransformer
0AK
LEONARDO ENERGY
Payback comparisons
Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
years
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0