Chapter 34

1. Which of the following has a four-chambered heart 8. Mollusks such as squids and octopuses deliver
like humans? nutrients, exchange gases, and remove wastes from their
A. fish tissues by way of their
B. some reptiles A. open circulatory systems.
C. amphibians B. closed circulatory systems.
D. birds C. gastrovascular cavities.
E. birds and some reptiles D. moist skin surfaces.
E. respiratory and excretory systems.
2. What would cause you to believe that someone has a
heart murmur? 9. Earthworms move blood by way of their
A. an irregular ECG A. open circulatory systems.
B. irregular heart sounds instead of sharp lub-dub sounds B. closed circulatory systems.
C. irregular heart beats C. gastrovascular cavities.
D. low blood pressure D. moist skin surfaces.
E. respiratory and excretory systems.
3. Which of these white blood cells are phagocytic?
A. lymphocytes 10. Insects such as the grasshopper move blood by way
B. neutrophils of their
C. macrophages A. open circulatory systems.
D. both neutrophils and macrophages B. closed circulatory systems.
C. gastrovascular cavities.
4. Which kinds of animals have a closed circulatory D. moist skin surfaces.
system? E. respiratory and excretory systems.
A. coelomates
B. acoelomates 11. Which organism has hemoglobin located in the fluid
C. pseudocoelomates portion of the blood?
D. all of the choices are correct A. human
B. grasshopper
5. Cnidaria and flatworms exchange gases and remove C. bird
wastes by way of their D. earthworm
A. open circulatory systems. E. flatworm
B. closed circulatory systems.
C. gastrovascular cavities. 12. The Greek root words for "heart" and "vessels"
D. moist skin surfaces. underlies the term
E. respiratory and excretory systems. A. arteriole.
B. atrioventricular.
6. When you step on a cockroach or smash a fly, there is C. cardiovascular.
no red blood because D. diastole.
A. the blood is enclosed in a closed circulatory system. E. thromboembolism.
B. it is too small to have circulatory organs at all.
C. it is too small to require oxygen for respiration. 13. The Latin root word for "hair" underlies the term
D. the blood is a colorless hemolymph that does not A. artery.
carry oxygen. B. vena cava.
E. the blood is actually a colorless hemolymph that C. capillary.
carries oxygen on molecules other than reddish D. septum.
hemoglobin. E. vein.

7. Mollusks such as clams and oysters deliver nutrients, 14. Which would you find in the heart of a fish?
exchange gases, and remove wastes from tissues by way A. one atrium and one ventricle
of their B. two atria and one ventricle
A. open circulatory systems. C. one atrium and two ventricles
B. closed circulatory systems. D. two atria and two ventricles
C. gastrovascular cavities. E. two atria and a partially divided ventricle
D. moist skin surfaces.
E. respiratory and excretory systems. 15. What would you find in the heart of a human?
A. one atrium and one ventricle
B. two atria and one ventricle
C. one atrium and two ventricles
D. two atria and two ventricles
E. two atria and a partially divided ventricle
16. What would you find in the heart of most reptiles?
A. one atrium and one ventricle
B. two atria and one ventricle
C. one atrium and two ventricles
D. two atria and two ventricles
E. two atria and a partially divided ventricle
D. diastole.
E. thromboembolism.
22. A heart murmur is a distortion of the heartbeat due to
blood flowing back through a valve that should be
closed. If the heart sound is lub-dub-ssshhh, the most
likely cause is a failure of the
A. atrioventricular valves.
B. semilunar valves.
C. mitral (bicuspid) valve.
D. AV node to signal contraction.
E. sinoatrial node to signal contraction.

17. What would you find in the heart of an amphibian? 23. The fluid under a blister or the lymph that bathes the
A. one atrium and one ventricle interstitial spaces between organs is very watery
B. two atria and one ventricle compared with the viscosity of blood plasma. Why?
C. one atrium and two ventricles A. Large molecules, such as plasma albumin, never cross
D. two atria and two ventricles the capillary wall.
E. two atria and a partially divided ventricle B. Large molecules, such as plasma albumin, are
concentrated in the lymph nodes.
18. "Artery" and "vein" are defined by whether they C. The capillaries use active transport to retrieve large
leave or enter the heart. If they were defined by whether molecules that leaked away.
they carried oxygenated or deoxygenated blood, we D. The viscosity of blood is completely due to blood
would have to change the name(s) of cells that never leave the vessels.
A. the hepatic portal vein to a hepatic portal artery. E. These fluids are primarily water produced by cell
B. the hepatic and renal systems; they would have to be respiration, and they are discarded interstitially.
switched.
C. the pulmonary artery and vein; they would have to be 24. The vessels in our circulatory system that allow
switched. molecules to diffuse across to tissues are
D. the coronary artery and vein; they would have to be A. arteries.
switched. B. veins.
E. none, since the aorta and vena cava do not have C. capillaries.
"artery" and "vein" in their name. D. lymph vessels.
E. venules.
19. The heart chambers in an insect, a fish, an
amphibian, and a bird 25. After leaving our left ventricle, blood next passes
A. are the same in structure. through the
B. are the most efficient systems for that size of A. vena cava.
organism. B. aorta.
C. represent an open system and closed systems of two, C. atrioventricular valve.
three, and four chambers, respectively. D. semilunar valve.
D. represent a closed system and open systems of two, E. left atrium.
three, and four chambers, respectively.
26. Which structure does blood pass through
20. The Greek root word for "contraction" underlies the immediately before it enters the left ventricle?
term A. vena cava
A. arteriole. B. aorta
B. systole. C. atrioventricular valve
C. cardiovascular. D. semilunar valve
D. diastole. E. left atrium
E. thromboembolism.
27. Which structure does blood pass through
21. The Greek root word for "dilation" underlies the term immediately before entering the right atrium?
A. arteriole. A. vena cava
B. systole. B. aorta
C. cardiovascular. C. atrioventricular valve
D. semilunar valve
E. left atrium 35. Normal blood pressure in a 25-year-old person
would likely be close to ______ mm Hg.
28. Which structure has the lowest blood pressure in the A. 100/40
systemic circulation? B. 120/50
A. vena cava C. 120/80
B. aorta D. 150/95
C. atrioventricular valve E. 200/120
D. semilunar valve
E. left atrium 36. The Greek root word for "something molded" is the
basis for the term
29. The Latin root word for "of the lungs" underlies the A. neutrophil.
term B. lymph.
A. renal. C. monocyte.
B. systemic. D. erythropoietin.
C. hepatic portal. E. plasma.
D. pulmonary.
E. coronary. 37. Which statement is NOT true about red blood cells?
A. They are biconcave disks that lack nuclei.
30. Nutrient and waste exchange occur in the B. Their normal life span is about 120 days.
A. arteries. C. Hemoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen loosely to
B. veins. transport it.
C. arterioles. D. There are about 46 million red blood cells per cubic
D. venules. millimeter of whole blood.
E. capillaries. E. They are mainly produced in the liver.

31. The Latin root word for "carry" is combined with the 38. The Greek root word for "blood" and the Latin root
term for liver to form the term word for "ball" underlie the term
A. renal system. A. neutrophil.
B. systemic. B. lymphocyte.
C. hepatic portal system. C. monocyte.
D. pulmonary system. D. erythropoietin.
E. coronary system. E. hemoglobin.

32. The Latin root word for "great artery" underlies the 39. Which kind of white blood cell is involved in the
term production of antibodies?
A. aorta. A. neutrophils
B. vena cava. B. lymphocytes
C. hepatic portal. C. monocytes
D. pulmonary. D. eosinophils
E. coronary. E. macrophage

33. The coronary circulation serves the 40. The Greek root words for "clear water" and "cell"
A. intestine and liver. underlie the term
B. brain. A. neutrophil.
C. lungs. B. lymphocyte.
D. heart. C. monocyte.
E. urinary tract. D. erythropoietin.
E. hemoglobin.
34. The Latin root words for "hollow blood vessel"
underlies the term 41. The Greek root words for "forming against" are the
A. aorta. basis for the term
B. vena cava. A. antigen.
C. hepatic portal. B. antibody.
D. pulmonary. C. monocyte.
E. coronary. D. erythropoietin.
E. hemoglobin.
49. Major cardiovascular disorders include all of the
42. Which type of blood component is involved in the following EXCEPT
initiation of clotting? A. atherosclerosis.
A. red blood cells B. stroke.
B. white blood cells C. hypertension.
C. plasma proteins D. diabetes.
D. platelets
50. Which best describes an antigen?
43. The human heart is composed of A. a protein or polysaccharide that can be recognized as
A. muscle fibers called myocardium. foreign by a cell of the immune system
B. an outer membranous sacthe pericardium. B. any cell of the immune system
C. endocardium. C. a protein produced by a B cell that responds against a
D. All of the choices compose the human heart. foreign protein
D. the receptor on a T or B cell that recognizes a foreign
44. The structure that absorbs nutrients from the small protein
intestines and delivers the nutrients in the blood to the
liver is the 51. All capillary beds have blood running to them at all
A. hepatic portal artery. times.
B. hepatic portal vein. True False
C. renal vein.
D. none of the choices are correct. 52. Calcium ions are needed for proper blood clotting.
True False
45. The pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system is
the 53. The circulatory system is the only way by which an
A. atrioventricular node. animal can supply oxygen and nutrients to its cells, or
B. sinoatrial node. remove waste materials from the cells.
C. medulla oblongata. True False
D. Purkinje fibers.
54. The hemocoel is an open space in an insect that
46. The major primary function of the pulmonary contains blood outside of the vessels.
circulatory circuit is True False
A. nutrient exchange.
B. release of carbon dioxide and absorption of oxygen 55. The major portion of the heart is the myocardium,
by blood. made up mainly of cardiac muscle.
C. release of oxygen and absorption of carbon dioxide True False
by the blood.
D. to supply the force to propel blood throughout the 56. The right ventricle pumps blood to the systemic
body. circulation.
True False
47. Veins primarily depend upon which of the following
forces to return blood to the heart? 57. Sphincter muscles regulate the opening and closing
A. force of blood entering from the arteries of the capillary beds, directing the flow of blood to
B. skeletal muscle contraction different areas of the body depending on the body's
C. valves to prevent blood back flow needs.
D. all of the choices apply True False

48. The leading cause of preventable death in the United 58. The sound of the heartbeat is made when the
States is cardiovascular disease. Which of the following ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart.
are lifestyle modifications that would lower a person's True False
risk of CVD?
A. not smoking 59. Heart contractions arise in the nodal tissue of the
B. lose weight right atrium, and can occur without nerve impulse
C. lower fat intake activation.
D. All of the choices are means of lowering risk for True False
CVD.
60. A portal system is a part of the circulatory system
that begins and ends with a capillary bed.
True False
61. Erythropoietin is a hormone that, when stimulated
causes the increased production of red blood cells.
True False
70. If blood is coming from the heart through arteries,
and returning through veins, why can blood be observed
to flow first one direction, then the opposite direction,
and sometimes not flowing at all, in a capillary in a
capillary bed?

62. A portal system carries blood from one organ to

another without passing through the heart.
True False

63. Compare the circulatory system in an earthworm and

a grasshopper.

64. In comparing the fish, frog, and bird hearts, it is

sometimes stated that there is an increasing advantage to
the efficiency with which oxygenated blood can be
pumped to body tissues with the more advanced
systems. However, why then have the fish and frogs not
evolved a more sophisticated system? In your answer, be
sure to consider the effects of body size, rate at which
food needs to be burned in cold-blooded (ectothermic)
versus warm-blooded (endothermic) animals, and effects
of fluid pressure on an aquatic animal verus lack of this
buoyancy in terrestrial animals.

65. Describe the circulatory system in a human,

following a red blood cell in its passage from the right
atrium back to the right atrium.

66. Describe the hepatic portal system.

67. Describe the staining properties of the granulocyte

blood cells.

68. Describe the fluid and cellular parts of the blood.

69. Describe the sequence of events that lead to blood

clotting.
 Chapter 34 KEY 55. TRUE
56. FALSE
1. E 57. TRUE
2. B 58. FALSE
3. D 59. TRUE
4. A 60. TRUE
5. C 61. TRUE
6. D 62. TRUE
7. A 63. Answers will vary.
8. B 64. Answers will vary.
9. B 65. Answers will vary.
10. A 66. Answers will vary.
11. D 67. Answers will vary.
12. C 68. Answers will vary.
13. C 69. Answers will vary.
14. A 70. Answers will vary.
15. D
16. E
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. B
21. D
22. A
23. A
24. C
25. D
26. C
27. A
28. A
29. D
30. E
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. E
37. E
38. E
39. B
40. B
41. A
42. D
43. D
44. B
45. B
46. B
47. B
48. D
49. D
50. A
51. FALSE
52. TRUE
53. FALSE
54. TRUE