Grade 9 Mathematics Unit 2: Powers and Exponent Rules ‘SecZ.1_Whatisa Power 5 2 is the BASE 2 5 is the EXPONENT eu The entire 25 is called a POWER. 25 = 2.x 2 x 2 x 2x 2 written as repeated multiplication. 25 = 32 writtenin standard form. 25: a Exe 2x2x2 =. 32 Power Repeated Standard Multiplication Form To evaluate a power means to find the answer in standard form. Are the base and the exponent interchangeable? In other words, does 25 = 5?? 25=2x2x2x2x2=32 545% 5.=25, + No, the base and exponent cannot be switched and still be equal. CHALLENGE! Can you think of one example where the base and exponent can be switched, and the answers are still equal?42 When you have an exponent of 2, 42-4x4=16 it’s called a squared number. 43 When you have an exponent of 3, B=4x4x4 it’s called a cubed number. = 64 The Importance of Brackets (-3)? The brackets tell us that the base is -3. © (-3)2 = (-3) x (-3) = +9 When there is an EVEN NUMBER of negatives then the product is POSITIVE. + 3F = (3) * 63) « 63) = -9 When there is an ODD NUMBER of negatives then the product is NEGATIVE. -32 Thereare no brackets so the base is 3. The negative applies to the whole expression. ° -32 = -(3x3)=-9 Question. 1. Identify the base and evaluate each power. a). (-5)#=625 bj. 542-425 gy -(-5)t = - 625 Sese:65) Base: 5 Buse: - 5) @. (-5)3+-/25 @), -53=-/25 9, -(-5)B = C25) 2 +25 Base: 5) Be: 5 Base (75)Sec2.2_ Powers of Ten and the Exponent Zero Investigation Power Repeated Multiplication ‘Standard Form 3 Bx Bu Bx Bx B 24d a8 Bx Bx Bed al z Bx 3x3 2? ze 3x3 G e 3 3 Look for the patterns in the columns. The exponent decreases by 1 each time. Each time the exponent decreases, standard form in divided by 2. a. This pattern suggests that 37 = Apower with exponent 0 is equal to _—_, 1a). Complete the table below. Power Repeated Multiplication Standard Form St 5. Su Sx S 625 = SSeS 1zs & 5x5 25 5 5 5 b). Whatis the value of 52? = c). Whatis the value of 5? a Zero Exponent Rule: ao=1 Any base (excluding zero) with the exponent zero is one. vhesaiX0Examples: Remember, any base with the exponent zero is one. 1. Identify the base, then evaluate the answer. a). 59-2 2b), 100° 4 9. C5 © 44-100 = 4 Base S Base ) *©5) 2: State a rule for when you have two exponents (power of a power). tidhen: there axe. 2B AOONENTS | Such expmerts are multipliedSection 2.5 L Complete the table below. Power of a Product Investigation 2 Power Repeated Multiplication | Product of Factors Product of Powers (2s) (x5) x @x 5)x @x5)|2x2x2xK5xK5xKS 2x53 2 (3x4) (3x4 x (3~4) BB Ie at4 i x2) C42) * te2)-C Her) | Ue Ye Ix ueYx2erv2 | YS 45 (4 x2) 4:2) C432) iN Bie GuVettaerive: | y5_ 9) 4 (5x3)! |Bx8) Bsa) Gus) (5x8) [5.5~5n5xdx3x3x3 | 5x 37 5x6)’ Sxe) (Sxb) 5xSxox © ed » Sx [7x (27 P<] (ree23) Fan6a3] | txt Fe 2) EDO Te 2? a Fora ‘State a rule for when you have a power of ¢ product. n2eR of & Redo. ct, the DuTside molriples eueey eyponenT insice the Sencket iTSection 2.5 L Power of a Quotient Investigation 3 Complete the table below. Power Repeated Multiplication Product of Factors Product of Quotients aa Die edie oe. BGs Su Sens 53 (3) Beaten ie a DNC ee oe ee eae 2202 «2 Gilets ss eee s I i 2b Oe Eel, Dice Noe tet a (=) 28 Se °S"s eee af BVT | aise os es Bx ae (i) lo lo To OA& -8)] 2 = 5ILExponent Law for a Power ofa Quotient When you have a power of a quotient, the exponent outside of the bracket is applied to the exponents on the numerator and denominator of the fraction inside ore where a # 0 and b #0 and m is a whole number of the brackets. 1. Evaluate each question two ways. Use power of a quotient and BEDMAS. a). [(-24) + 6]}* b). @® Method 1: Method 1: Dy. a = (-24)t = 64 (52)° 403) = 331776 + 1296 140 608 + 2laF = 256 = 64 Method 2: Method 2: (24) +6} ae 3 ses / [4 re (4) = 256 = o4 19