Grade 9 Mathematics Unit 2: Powers and Exponent Rules Sec2.1 Whatisa Power 5 2s the BASE 2 5 is the EXPONENT eeH ‘The entire 25 is called a POWER. 25 =2x2x 2x 2x 2 writtenas repeated multiplication. 28 = 32 written in standard form. 2 = 2x2x2x2x2 = 32 Power Repeated Standard Multiplication Form To evaluate a power means to find the answer in standard form. Are the base and the exponent interchangeable? In other words, does 25 = 52? 25=2x2x2x2x2= 32 S?=5x5 =25 * No, the base and exponent cannot be switched and still be equal. CHALLENGE!!! Can you think of one example where the base and exponent can be switched, and the answers are still equal?42 When you have an exponent of 2, 4224x4-16 it’s called a squared number, by 43 When youhave an exponent of 3, { BAKA xd it's called a cubed number. Hy = 64 The Importance of Brackets (-3)? The brackets tell us that the base is -3, * (3) = (-3) x (-3) = +9 ‘When there is an EVEN NUMBER of negatives then the product is POSITIVE, C38 = (-3) x ©3) x (3) = When there is an ODD NUMBER of negatives then the product is NEGATIVE. ~32 There are no brackets so the base is 3. ‘The negative applies to the whole expression. * -38 = -(3«3)=-9 Question, 1, Identify the base and evaluate each power. a). (-5)* b). -54 ©). - (-5)* a. (-5)8 e). -53 5. - (5)Sec2.2_ Powers of Ten and the Exponent Zero Investigation Power Repeated Multiplication Standard Form RIOR! Look for the patterns in the columns. The exponent decreases by each time, Each time the exponent decreases, standard form in divided by . This pattern suggests that 37 = Apower with exponent 0 is equalto __. 1a). Complete the table below. r Power Repeated Multiplication Standard Form sf sf b). What is the value of 5’ ? ©). Whats the value of 5°? Zero Exponent Rule: Any base (excluding zero) with the exponent zero is one.Examples: Remember, any base with the exponent zero is one. 1, Identify the base, then evaluate the answer. a). 5° b). 10° ©). (-5)° d). - 109 2, Evaluate the following powers. Remember the order of operations! a). 3429 b). 3°+20 Q. (3+2)9 4), ~30+2 €). 39+ (-2)0 . -(34+2)° Writing Powers of Ten Complete the missing values. Power Repeated Multiplication Standard Form Words 103 10x10 x 10 1000 1 thousand 105 10x 10x 10 x 10x 10 100 000 hundred thousand ? 10x 10x 10 x10 10 x 10 2 1 million 102 7 2 2 ? 10 10 ten 109 2 ? 2Power Repeated Multiplication Standard Form Words 103 10 x 10 x 10 1000 1 thousand 105 10x 10x 10 x 10x 10 100 000 hundred thousand 10 x 10x 10 x 10x10 x 10 1000 000 1 million 102 ax 10 10 ten 10° - Section 2.3 Order of Operations Review the basics Adding Integers (#5) + (+2) (-6) + (-4) (-8) + (+2) =-6 (49) +03) =+6 Multiplying Integers (+2)(+3) = 46 (3)C5) Cay) Dividing Integers (410) = (42) = 45 (-45) + (-5) =+9 (121) = 11) (+64) = (-8) Subtracting Integers (+7) - (#3) = (+4) When subtracting remember to +9 | “Add the Opposite” (-6) - 3) = (6) + (+3, (-2)- (+9) = (2) +(-9) (+3) - 66) = (+3) + (+6) When multiplying or dividing: +X += +] samesignsis -xX-=+ Positive -xX+= =} different signs is +x = =-J negativeOrder of Operations B - do operations inside brackets first E - exponents D } multiply or divide, in order, from left to right, whichever comes first A } add or subtract, in order, from left to right, whichever comes first Ss Examples A. 2341 B). 8 — 32 (2)(2)(2) +1 8 — (3)(3) 8+1 8-9 9 B+-9 -1 0. (3-198 db). [2x (-2)3 2 (2) [ 2 x (-2)(-2)(-2)7 8 [2 x(-ap [-16]}2 (-16)(—16) 256 FE), (7? 45°) +(5)! [7)(7) +1] +(5)' [49 +1] +(-5)' 50+-5 —10This student got the correct answer, but did not earn full marks. Find and explain the mistake the student made. —(24-3 x 42)0 + (-2)3 —(24~ 12%) = (8) —(24 - 144) = (-8) ~C120)9 = +(-8) + (-8) 1 8 ‘The mistake occurred at 47, 4? = should have been done before 3 x 4. Or the student could have realized that the entire bracket has the exponent zero, $0 it’s 1. -(24-3x 4) = (-2)8Section 2.4 Exponent Laws I 1 4: Complete the table below. Product of Powers Investigation Product of Powers Repeated Multiplication Power Form 10° x10° (10x10) x(10*10%10) 10° 10° x 10* Si xs! 2? x2! 3° x3? 4x4? Create 5 more examples of your own. Product of Powers Repeated Multiplication Power Form State a rule for multiplying any two powers with the same base. Can you use your rule to multiply 2° 3” 7 Explain why or why not?Quotients of Powers Investigation Complete the table below. Quotient of Powers Repeated Multiplication Power Form 10° +10° 10 x10 X10 X10 x10 10° 10 x10 x10 10° +-10° 5! Create 5 more examples of your own, Make sure you put the larger exponent first! Quotient of Powers Repeated Multiplication Power Form State a rule for dividing two powers with the same base. Can you use your rule to divide 5” 7 Explain why or why not?Sumunary Notes Exponent Law fora Product ofPowers am sg an = gm+n To multiply powers with the same base, (excluding a base of zero), where a # 0 and m and keep the base and add the exponents, n are whole numbers 1. Write as a single power, then evaluate. a). 43 x 44 b). 75 x 7-5 ¢). (3)? x (-3)¢ 2. Write as a single power. a). 8x 9 b). ant x gis c). 3.8¢ x 3.82 = ©). 5X5 x 53 = Exponent Law fora Quotient of Powers gm + gn = gm-n To divide powers with the same where a ¥ 0 and m and base, (excluding a base of zero), nare whole numbers keep the base and subtract the exponents. and m> n. 3. Write as.a single power, then evaluate, a). 5 + 2 b). (-6)2 . 38 (-6)6 3 Uf4. Write asa single power. a), 126 + 12 by. 88 6). (1.4)6 + (1.4) r qd. wo = e. So= x 3 Note: “Evaluate” means to find the answer in “standard form” Example: Evaluate 4° =4x4x4=64 Evaluate: Px? =? =2 =32 “Express as a single power” means leave your answer in “exponent form” Examples: 1. Express asa single power a) 5x 54x5 b) 6-6 x 62 ©) 66)’ = -6)¢ d) 10 +102 “** Often you will have problems where you will have to apply more than one exponent law. 23x28 2 e) 812+ 87x B2 9 BR-7 x gz 5 x 82 B5+2 a” louEvaluate: A HY oe oye | TO ay Cage HN =H = 256 8) h) 624 65x 6 3 C10}*[ 106 + (-10)4] = 107 = 624 6342 ete —10)* [(-10)*] — 107 = 36+7776 oo ae = 7812 (-10y"2 — 197 (~10)¢ — 107 1000 000 - 10 000.000 -9000000Section 2.5 Exponent Laws IT 1: Complete the table below. Power of a Power Investigation 1 Power of | Repeated Product of Factors Power Power _| Multiplication Form (2°)? [24 x24 24 | x 2x22) 9 (22422) x(2x2x2«2) |" (3°) (vy (sy ("J yt 2: State a rule for when you have two exponents (power of a power). wySection 2,5 1: Complete the table below. Power of a Product Investigation 2 Power Repeated Multiplication Product of Factors Product of Powers (2 x5)? (2 x 5) x (2 x 5)x (2x 5) |} 2x 2x 2x 5x5 KS 2) x5" (3 x4)’ (4 x2)° (5x3) (5 x6)" [7x(-2)} a State a rule for when you have a power of a product.Section 2.5 1: Complete the table below. Power of a Quotient Investigation 3 Power | Repeated Multiplication Product of Factors | Product of Quotients 5\3 5 5 5 5x5 x 5 5 2 2x 2x2 2 (3) 6* 6% 6 6 e 2: State a rule for when you have a power of a quotient, toExponent Law for a Power ofa Power (am jn = amxn When you have a power to a power, the base stays the same and multiply the exponents. where a # 0 and m and n are whole numbers 1. Write as a power. a). (32)4 b). [C7 P 0). -(27)4 = exe ‘This problem uses two exponent rules, (amas aman And am x a= amen e). (423)2 x (424)¢ 2. Simplify first, then evaluate. a). 23x (BP b). (-3")? 3Exponent Law for a Power of a Product (ab)™ = ambm where a ¥ 0 andb #0 and m is a whole number When you have a power of a product, the exponent outside of the bracket is applied to the exponents on each of the factors on the inside of the brackets. 1. Evaluate each question two ways. Use power ofa product and BEDMAS, a). [(-7) x57 b). -(3x2)2 Method 1: Method 1: = (7 x = 49 x 25 = 1225 Method 2: Method 2: (7x5? ~(3x2" 2, Evaluate, using any method of your choice. a). 3 x 43 b). [(-2)? x (-2)4]3Exponent Law for a Power of a Quotient Q mo 2 When you have a power of a quotient, . * the exponent outside of the bracket is where a Oandb #0 applied to the exponents on the numerator and m is a whole and denominator of the fraction inside puriber of the brackets. Evaluate each question two ways. Use power of a quotient and BEDMAS. sD . [(-24) + 6]* b). (2) Method 1: Method 1: —24)f + 6 331776 + 1296 256 Method 2: Method 2: [(-24) +6} ( 44 4} 19