Problem Solving Teaching Acids, Bases and Salts

Date:

Grade 10

Duration:

Objectives: At the end of the lesson students must be to:

1. Define the terms: acid, weak acid, strong acid, and indicator.
2. Plan and design an experiment to classify substance as acid or bases.
3. Distinguish between a weak and strong acid
4. Describe a test to test for hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases.
5. Write correct balanced chemical equation to show the reaction between an acid and
a. Carbonate
b. Metal
c. Metal oxide
d. Metal hydroxide
e. Hydrogen carbonate

Process skill: ORR, researching, AI, equation writing

Methodology: discovery learning, questioning, mixed grouping, problem based learning

Materials and apparatus: HCl, H2SO4, CaCO3, zinc dust, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide
solution sodium hydroxide, copper oxide, grape, tomato, hair crme, neutralising shampoo,
sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, window cleaner, vinegar, bath soap, milk.

Strategies:

Students will be place in group of 5.

Day 1

1. Students will be presented with following problem. Plan and design an experiment to
classify the following substances as acid or bases: grape, tomato, hair crme, neutralising
shampoo, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, window cleaner, vinegar, bath soap,
milk.
2. Students will read and work in their groups to devise a test. Teacher will review students
3. Carry out test on household substance to determine if they are acids or bases.
4. Students will be cause to assess their choose of indicator to see if whether or not the
indicator they selected will be able to distinguish if the substances are strong/weak acids
or strong/weak alkaline. If unsuitable students will design a new test to classify the
substance.
 5. Name some acids found in living things and their uses e.g. grape, tomato and vinegar.

Culminating Activity:

Write up their lab activity

Day 2

Properties of acid

1. Students will read up and acid reactions.

2. Students will devise an experiment to test the reaction of acid. Students will always plan
the test to correctly identify any gas produced. Teacher will collect the test and devise an
experiment for the students to carry out for SBA.
3. Teacher will allow each group to implement one of their planned test. Each group with
shared their finding with the whole class and write balance chemical and ionic equation
for the reaction.

Culminating Activity:

Write balanced chemical and ionic equation for the following reactions below:

a. Magnesium metal and sulphuric acid.

b. Calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid.
c. Magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
d. Sodium hydrogencarbonate and sulphuric acid.
Students in each group will assist each other.
Problem Solving Teaching Acids, Bases and Salts

Date:

Grade 10

Duration:

Objectives: At the end of the lesson students must be to:

1. Define the terms: basicity, mono basic acid, dibasic acid, tribasic acid.
2. Write correct balanced chemical equation to show the difference between
i. strong and weak acid
ii. Monobasic, dibasic and tribasic acid
3. Differentiate between:
a. Organic and inorganic acid
b. Concentrated and diluted acid

Process skill: ORR, researching, AI, equation writing

Methodology: discovery learning, questioning, mixed grouping, problem based learning

Materials and apparatus: HCl, H2SO4, CaCO3, zinc dust, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide
solution sodium hydroxide, copper oxide,

Strategies:

Day 1

1. Teacher will give students will be given a cartoon comic strip Tom and Jerry Teaches
Acid. Students will meet in their groups and research the information presented by Tom
and Jerry and more content.
2. Teacher will discuss students question in a class and summaries all that was done over
the past three days.

Culminating activity:

1. Define the term acid.

2. Give one use of acetic acid and ascorbic acid.
3. Use balance equation to show the protonicty/ basicity of acid.

Day 2
Bases on the lab activity students design last week on day 2 teacher compile them and produced
a lab. Student will carry out and write up the laboratory.

Aim: To investigate the reaction of acid

Materials and Apparatus: sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogen
carbonate, zinc oxide, test tube, test tube holder, magnesium, lime water

Test Observation Inference

Place 3 cm3 of
hydrochloric acid and add
1 cm of magnesium
metal.

Place a lighted splint on

the mouth of the test
tube.
Place 10 cm3 of sulphuric
acid in a test tube which
contains 1 spatula of zinc
oxide.

Place the test tube in a

hot water bath.
Place 3 cm3 of
hydrochloric acid to a test
tube containing calcium
carbonate. Place moist
litmus paper at mouth of
a test tube

Bubble the gas though

lime water.
Problem Solving Teaching Acids, Bases and Salts

Bases

Date:

Grade 10

Duration:

Objectives: At the end of the lesson students must be to:

1. Define the terms: base, and alkali, amphoteric oxide, acidic oxide
2. Give general property of bases
3. Write correct balanced chemical equation to show the reaction between bases and
a. Acid
b. Ammonium salts
c. Amphoteric oxide
d. Acidic oxide
4. Give some examples of bases and uses in our daily lives

Process skill: ORR, researching, AI, equation writing

Methodology: flip methodology , questioning, mixed grouping, problem based learning

Materials and apparatus: HCl, test tube, test tube holder, aqueous sodium hydroxide, calcium
hydroxide, red litmus, phenothphalein , ammonium chloride, zinc nitrate, screen methyl orange,
universal indicator, sulphuric acid

Strategies:

Day 1

1. Students will be given the objectives and meet in the group to complete the objectives by
undergoing research. Students will come up with questions from their research.
2. Students will politely ask their questions any member of the class can answer these
questions.
3. Each group after the discussion will be given an objective to summarise using art, dance,
experimenting, music or poetry.

Culminating Activity:

Each group will provide on test question based on the objectives they presented on in test 2.

Day 2
Aim: To investigate the reaction of bases

Materials and Apparatus: test tube, test tube holder, aqueous sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide,
red litmus, phenothphalein , ammonium chloride, zinc nitrate, screen methyl orange, universal
indicator, sulphuric acid

Test Observation Inference

Place 3 cm3 of calcium
hydroxide in a test tube and add
1 drop of phenolphthalein.

Place 3 cm3 of calcium

hydroxide in a test tube and add
1 drop of universal indicator.

Place 3 cm3 of ammonium

hydroxide in a test tube and dip
the liquid using red litmus paper

Add 7 cm3 sodium hydroxide

add 1 spatula ammonium
chloride and place in a hot
water bath.
Place a red litmus at the mouth
of the test tube.

Place 2 cm3 aqueous zinc nitrate

in a test tube and add 3 drops
of sodium hydroxide.

Add 1 cm3 of sodium hydroxide

to mixture.
Place 10 cm3 of sulphuric acid in
a test tube which contains 1
spatula of copper oxide.
Problem Solving Teaching Acids, Bases and Salts

Bases

Date:

Grade 10

Duration:

Objectives: At the end of the lesson students must be to:

1. Define the terms: salt, normal salt, acidic salt.

2. Devise a test to distinguish between an acid salt.
3. Explain water of crystallisation in their own words.
4. Describe the method used to prepare salts.
5. Describe the uses of salts in everyday life.

Process skill: ORR, researching, AI, equation writing

Methodology: flip questioning, mixed grouping, problem based learning

Materials: Elearning video on salt and salt preparation, laptop, projector, copper oxide, lead
nitrate, potassium iodide, sulphuric acid, baking powder, baking soda

Strategies:

Day 1

1. Student will be told he definition of salt. Students will write the equation to distinguish
between monobasic , dibasic or tribasic acid. Teacher will show using the basicity of the
acid how normal and acid salts are formed.
2. Students will watch a video on types of salts to summarise step one.
3. Students will watch video on salt preparation and make notes:
a. How do your determine which method is most suitable of salt preparation.
b. Describe the steps to prepare soluble salts:
i. Metal and acid
ii. Metal oxide and acid
iii. Insoluble carbonate and acid
c. Discuss how insoluble salts are prepared.
d. What is water of crystallization

Culminating Activity:

Create a flow chart to show the method of salt preparation.

Home Work:

Read up on the uses of these salts:

a. Epsom salt
b. Sodium carbonate
c. Sodium hydrogen carbonate
d. Calcium sulphate
e. Sodium chloride
f. Sodium sulphate

Lab

Aim: to prepare a sample of copper sulphate crystals

Materials and Apparatus: copper oxide, measuring cylinder, evaporating dish, 0.5 M sulphuric
acid, heat source, spatula, filter paper and funnel

Diagram of Apparatus:

Method:

1. Measure 25 cm3 of sulphuric acid and place in a evaporating dish. Gently heat the acid.
2. Place one spatula full on copper oxide and dissolve. Add copper sulphate until no more
dissolves.
3. Filter the mixture.
4. Evaporate the solution on have it volume. Cover with a filter paper and return the next
day to view the crytals.
5. Record all observation
Lab

Aim: to prepare a sample of lead iodide salt

Materials and Apparatus: measuring cylinder, filter paper and funnel. 0.1 M aqueous lead nitrate
and postassium iodide

Diagram of Apparatus:

Method:

1. Measure 25 cm3 of lead nitrate and potassium solutions into separate measuring cylinder.
2. Pour the solutions in a beaker.
3. Filter the mixture.
4. Wash and dry the residue with distilled water.
5. Record all observation