Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of
The Institution of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines (IIEE)
Best Practices in
Low Voltage Systems (Malaysia)
Ir. K.T. Lim (Lim Kim Ten)
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
3:30pm 4:20pm 27th November 2015
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of
IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 1
LV Electrical Systems of Fixed Buildings
1. Electricity supply reticulation
2. Electrical installations of fixed buildings
3. Protection against Lightning
4. Earthing Lightning
5. Equipment
Installations
Equipment
Reticulation
Earthing
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 2
Notes:
Malaysia Does not Develop
National Low Voltage (LV) Electrical
Installations Codes or Standards
We Adopt Relevant British and/or IEC /
ISO Standards
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 3
Notes:
Malaysia Adopt Elements or Whole of
Other LV Electrical Codes and
Standards which Enhance Electrical
Safety
Examples:
USA: National Electric Code
IEEE Color Books
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 4
IEEE Color Books
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 5
Philippine Electricity Code
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 6
Standards, Guides, Codes and Code of Practices
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 7
Grouping of Electrical Installations
of Fixed Buildings
LV Electrical Installations
of Fixed Buildings
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 8
Standards, Guides & Code of Practices
Electrical Installation of Fixed Buildings
MS IEC 60364 / IEC 60364 7
Guidelines for
Electrical Wiring in
Residential Buildings
Code of Practices:
Water Heater
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 9
Non Residential: MS IEC 60364 / MS 1936
Outdoor: Carpark
Commercial Buildings / Guard House
Fixed
Buildings Factories
Condominiums
Schools Airport: KLIA
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 10
Residential: MS IEC 60364 / MS 1979
Apartments Fishing Villages
Residential
Buildings Rural Houses
Condominiums Residential
Illegal Settlements
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 11
Non Residential: Special Installations
Hospitals: University of Swimming Pool
Malaya Medical Faculty IEC 603647702
MS IEC 603647710
MS 2366
Special
Installations Water Features and
/Locations Fountains
IEC 603647702
Guard House:
MS IEC 60364
Residential
Buildings
Bathroom: IEC 603647701
Explosive
Atmospheres
Oil & Gas Platform
Chemical Store
Grain Silos
Oleo Refinery
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 14
Others Installations
Ships: IEC 60092
Others
Installations Aviation & Aerospace
Final DB Final DB
Final DB
LV Supply to Fire Consumer R
UPS Unit
Protection Systems
(Exclude Equipment)
Consumer Unit
SSB (E) SSB (N) Residential
PE
EMSB
T
(Exclude
Equipment) EF/OL
G N MSB
PE
PE
MS 1936 KwH KwH MS 1979
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 16
Benefits of Developing MS 1936 & MS 1979
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 18
Develop Based on MS 1979 for
Un informed User:
Free Download: Energy Commission
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 19
Case Study: 1
Low Voltage (LV)
Electricity Act and Regulations,
and
Electrical Safety Standards
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 20
Electricity Act and Regulations
Electricity
Regulations 1994
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 21
Electrical Safety Standards: Generic
1. MS IEC 60335: Household and similar electrical appliances;
2. MS IEC 60065: Audio, video and similar electronic
apparatus;
3. MS IEC 61010: Equipment for measurement, control and
laboratory use;
4. MS IEC 60950: Information and communication technology
equipment;
5. MS IEC 60601: Medical electrical equipment;
6. MS IEC 60204: Safety of Machinery
7. MS IEC 61508: Functional safety of electrical / electronic /
programmable electronic safety related systems
IEC 62368 replacing IEC 60065; and IEC 60950
o No MS IEC adoption yet
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 22
Electrical Safety Standards: Specific
MS 556: Specification for electrical safety code on private
electric generator;
MS 949: Code of practice for safety in welding and cutting;
MS 966: Playground equipment: Part 2: General safety
requirements;
MS 1597: Part 273:2003 Household and similar electrical
appliancesSafetyPart: 273: Particular Requirements for
fixed immersion heaters (1st Edition);
MS 1992: Electronic equipment for use in power
installations;
Etc.,
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 23
Case Study: 2
Adoption of International
Low Voltage Electrical Installations
Standards
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 24
Notes:
Malaysia Does not Develop
National Low Voltage (LV) Electrical
Installations Codes or Standards
We Adopt Relevant British and/or IEC /
ISO Standards
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 25
International Standards Harmonization:
LV Electrical Installations of Buildings
IEC
Year 2003
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 26
ISO Standards
ISO
Year 2003
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 27
Adoption of International Standards
and Best Practices
Malaysia adopts IEC & ISO standards as reference standards
National deviations document in guides and code of practices
o As MS (Malaysian Standard) standards
Example
o MS IEC 60364: Electrical Installations of Buildings
Adoption of IEC 60364 with national deviations
MS 1936: Electrical Installations of Buildings:
Guide to MS IEC 60364: Nonresidential
buildings
MS 1979: Electrical Installations of Buildings:
Code of Practice: Residential buildings
Code of practice for water heater
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 28
Other International & National Standards ??
We adopt requirements that improve, especially, safety and if
possible economize our electrical installation practices;
Elements or whole of standards commonly used in Malaysia
today
o BS 7671;
o National Electrical Code (NEC);
o JIS (Japan), GB (China), EN (European Union);
o IEEE colour books
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 29
British Colony & Malaysia Act 1963
Malaya was a British colony up to 1957
3 years 8 months under Japanese occupation (No impact on
electrical installations)
Malaysia Act 1963
o Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia), Sabah, Sarawak, and
Singapore joined as Malaysia in Year 1963
o Singapore left Malaysia 9th August 1965
Constitution safeguards, includes the supply of electricity
and matters related
o The State of Sabah (20 points agreement)
Harmonized with Peninsula Malaysia
o The State of Sarawak (18 points agreement)
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 30
Fixed Building Electrical Standards Timeline
Time Line (Malaya), Peninsular, FTs & Sabah The State of Sarawak
IEE Wiring Reg. 16th Ed.: Harmonized with IEC 60364 and became with
Year 1992
BS 7671:1992 BS 6651 / BS 7430
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 32
IEC 60364 (BS 7671:2008:2008) Part 7:
Special Installations or Locations
Malaysian Standard IEC 603647 (BS 7671 Part 7Section)
709 (709): Marinas and Similar Locations
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 34
IEC 60364 8 1 & IEC 60364 9 1
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 35
Case Study 3:
Total Risk Management
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 36
Moving Electrical Equipment: Motors
2/3 Consumed by
Electric Motors
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 38
Electricity: Primary Acts & Regulations
Electricity
Regulations 1994
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 39
DOSH Guidelines & COP: Safety and Health
Free Download:
Free Download: DOSH Malaysia
DOSH, Malaysia
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 40
Adoption of International Safety Standards
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 41
Others
Department of Occupational
Safety and Health, Malaysia
ISO 31000
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 42
Rm. 20-00 Rm. 40-00 Rm.100-00
only only only
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 43
Case Study 4:
Compliance with Requirements of
Act, Regulations, and Standards
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 44
Compliance with Regulations and Standards
Maintenance
Disconnector
RCD: 13A Socket MS IEC 60335 1
MS IEC 61008 Outlet:
MS IEC 61540 MS 589
MS 62350 BS 1363
Cable: MS 2xxxx
???
MCB: Cable Management:
R
13A Socket
RCD: Outlet: MS IEC 60335 1
MS IEC 61008 MS 589
MS IEC 61540 BS 1363
MS 62350
Cable: MS 2xxxx
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 46
Compliance with Regulations and Standards
MS IEC 60364: IP Rating Protection
BS 1362 Fuse:
3A: < 700 W
5A: 700 W 1,200 W
13A: > 1,200 W
Moulded Cable
Standard lengths: 2 or 3
meters
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 47
Hospital: Pendant/Bedhead Trunking
IEC 61534: Power Track Systems
MS IEC 61008: RCDs
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 48
Electric Shock & Fire Protection by RCD
Electricity Regulations 1994
IEC 603647-701 IEC 60364Part 1 - 6
IEC 603647-702 IEC 60364Part 1 - 6 IEC 60364Part 1 - 6
Water Heater
Lighting / Air
13A S/S/O
13A S/S/O 13A S/S/O Conditioners /
Water Features
Kitchen Others Others Above 2.5 m
40A 2P Type A
10 mA RCD 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A
MS IEC 60008 10 mA RCD 30 mA RCD 30 mA RCD
20A 1P+N C
6kA MCB 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C
MS IEC 60898 6kA MCB 6kA MCB 6kA MCB
63A 4P Type A
100 mA RCD
MS IEC 603644
MS IEC 603644
Protection Against 63A 3P+N C
6kA MCB Protection Against Fire
Electric Shock
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 49
Case Study 5:
Protection for Safety against
Electric Shock and Fire
at Final Distribution Board or
Consumer Unit
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 50
Notes:
Electric Shock is the Major Cause
of Fatal Electrical Accident
In Malaysia
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 51
Notes:
MS IEC (IEC) 60364
RCD for Electric Shock Protection
Shall have Sensitivity of 30 mA or
less
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 52
Notes:
Electricity Regulations 1994
RCD for Equipment such as Water
Heater and Portable Equipment
Shall have Sensitivity of 10 mA or
less
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 53
Notes:
Leakage Currents > 260 mA
300 mA
can cause Fire
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 54
Notes:
Electricity Regulations 1994
RCD for Fire Protection
Shall have Sensitivity of 100 mA or
less
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 55
Notes:
Safe AC Voltage < 50 Vrms at 50/60 Hz
Safe DC Voltage < 120 Vdc +10% Ripple
For Normal (Fixed) Installations only
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 56
Electric Shock & Fire Protection by RCD
Electricity Regulations 1994
IEC 603647-701 IEC 60364Part 1 - 6
IEC 603647-702 IEC 60364Part 1 - 6 IEC 60364Part 1 - 6
Water Heater
Lighting / Air
13A S/S/O
13A S/S/O 13A S/S/O Conditioners /
Water Features
Kitchen Others Others Above 2.5 m
40A 2P Type A
10 mA RCD 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A
MS IEC 60008 10 mA RCD 30 mA RCD 30 mA RCD
20A 1P+N C
6kA MCB 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C
MS IEC 60898 6kA MCB 6kA MCB 6kA MCB
63A 4P Type A
100 mA RCD
MS IEC 603644
MS IEC 603644
Protection Against 63A 3P+N C
6kA MCB Protection Against Fire
Electric Shock
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 57
Enhanced Protection for Safety: Power
Enhanced Safety Recommend:
Outdoor S/S/O: RCD = 10 mA
Electricity Regulations 1994: RCD = 10 mA
& at least 1,500 mm Above
IEC 603647-701: RCD = 30 mA Finished Floor Level
IEC 603647-702
Water Heater
Enhanced Safety
63A 4P Type A
Electricity Regulations 1994: RCD < 100 mA
100 mA RCD
IEC 6036441: RCD < 300 mA
63A 3P+N C
6kA MCB
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 58
Enhanced Protection for Safety: Power
Three Phase Loads Single Phase Wet Loads Single Phase Other Loads
2 Pole
R
4 Pole 2 Pole R R Protection:
In = 30mA
In =30mA In = 10 mA Electric
(Malaysia)
Shock
R or Y or B
RYB R or Y or B
4 Pole
In = 100 mA Protection:
R
MS IEC 60364: By Calculation or (Malaysia) Fire
< 150 whichever is lower
MS 1936 / MS 1979:
3 Pole MCB
Maximum Earth Resistivity < 10 Consumer Unit (Residential)
Final Circuit Distribution Board
PE
Electricity
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention Provider
of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems -
Nov 15 59
Protection for Safety: Lighting & Fans
Recommend:
Outdoor Lighting Outdoor Lighting: RCD = 10 mA
IEC 603647702
Garden Lighting
Parameter /
IEC 60364Part 1 - 6
Water Features Indoor Lighting & Fans
/ Wet Areas
63A 3P+N C
6kA MCB
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 60
Protection for Safety: Lighting & Fans
Recommend:
Outdoor Lighting Outdoor Lighting: RCD = 10 mA
IEC 603647702
Garden Lighting
Parameter /
40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A 40A 2P Type A
30 mA RCD 30 mA RCD 100 mA RCD 100 mA RCD 100 mA RCD
20A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C 40A 1P+N C
6kA MCB 6kA MCB 6kA MCB 6kA MCB 6kA MCB
63A 4P Type A
Electricity Regulations 1994: IEC 6036441: RCD < 300 mA
300 mA RCD
RCD < 100 mA MS 1936
63A 3P+N C
6kA MCB
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 61
RCD for Electric Shock and Fire Protection
at Final Distribution Board
1. MS IEC 61008: Residual current circuit breaker without
integral overcurrent protection for household and similar
uses (RCCBs)
2. MS IEC 61009: Residual current operated circuit-breakers
with integral overcurrent protection for household and
similar uses (RCBOs) Part 1: General rules
3. MS IEC 61540: Electrical accessories Portable residual
current devices without integral overcurrent protection for
household and similar uses (PRCDs)
4. MS IEC 61543: Residual currentoperated protective
devices (RCDs) for household and similar uses
Electromagnetic compatibility
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 62
RCD for Electric Shock and Fire Protection
at Final Distribution Board
5. MS IEC 62423: Type B residual current operated circuit
breakers without integral overcurrent protection for
household and similar uses (Type B RCCBs and Type B
RCBOs)
6. MS IEC 62350: Guidance for the correct use of RCDS for
household and similar uses
7. MS IEC 60364: Electrical installations of buildings
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 63
Open Source FREE References
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 64
Case Study 6:
Electrical Power Drive Systems
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 65
Electrical Power Drives Systems
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 66
Electrical Power Drive Systems
Electricity Act 1990 and Regulations 1994
Induction
63A 4P Type A
Motor
30 mA RCD
Speed Drive
Adjustable
63A 3P+N C
63A 3P+N
63A 3P+N
6kA MCB
Isolator
Isolator
Industrial: IEC60947 2
Domestic: IEC 60898 1
IEC 60947 3
IEC 61008
IEC 61800
IEC 60034
Electrical
Installations Equipment/Installation
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 67
Standards
1. Electric Motors: IEC 60034 (MS IEC 60034: Withdrawn in
Nov 2015)
2. Power drives systems (Adjustable speed drives): IEC 61800
3. Electrical safety standards
o MS IEC 60240
o MS IEC 61508
o MS ISO 31000, etc.,
4. NEMA 1C53.1: Safety standards for construction and guide
for selection, installation and operation of adjustable speed
drive systems
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 68
Open Source FREE References
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 69
Case Study 7:
Protecting and Sizing of Cables
For Final Circuits
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 70
IEC 60446: LV Circuit Cable Colour Code
IEC 60446: Basic and safety principles for man-machine
interface, marking and identification Identification of
conductors by colours or alphanumerics
Malaysia: Considering compliance: No action as on 2015
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 71
Low Voltage Electrical Circuits: Single Phase
Socket Outlet
L
L Red
N 1Phase
N Black Load
G
PE Green
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 72
Three (3) or Four (4) Conductors
Three (3) or four (4) conductors
1. Live conductor 1: Phase conductor
2. Live conductor 2: Neutral conductor
3. Live conductor 3: Protective earth (PE) conductor
4. Equipotential bonding (EB) conductor Optional
for MS 1979
MS 1979: Equipotential bonding conductor is optional for
domestic, residential or similar installations, except
o Special installation or equipment such as water
heater
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 73
Electrical Circuits: Three Phase
Isolator
R
L Red Y
L Yellow
B 3Phase
L Blue
N Load
N Black
G
PE Green
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 74
Five (5) or Six (6) Conductors
Five (5) or six (6) conductors
1. Live conductor 1: Phase conductor Red (L1);
2. Live conductor 2: Phase conductor Yellow (L2);
3. Live conductor 3: Phase conductor Blue (L3);
4. Live conductor 4: Neutral conductor
5. Live conductor 5: Protective earth (PE) conductor
6. Equipotential bonding (EB) conductor Optional
for MS 1979
MS 1979: Equipotential bonding conductor is optional for
domestic, residential or similar installations, except
o Special installation or equipment such as water
heater
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 75
Functions of PE / EB Conductors:
PE Discharging Earth Fault Current
Equipment:
RF m RB 500
Exposed Conductive Part
Socket Outlet
L
L Red
N
N Black
G Load
PE Green
EB Green
Jumper SEB
Metallic Table:
Extraneous Conductive Part
IF 0 mA
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 76
Functions of PE / EB Conductors:
EB Discharging Earth Fault Current
Equipment:
Exposed Conductive Part RF < 10 RB 500
Socket Outlet
L
L Red
N
N Black
G Break Load
PE Green
EB Green
Jumper SEB
Metallic Table:
Extraneous Conductive Part
IF 0 mA
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 77
Earth Fault Current Flowing into Victim
When PE & EB Conductors are Faulty
Equipment:
Exposed Conductive Part
RF = Very high RB 500
Socket Outlet
L
L Red
N
N Black
G Break Load
PE Green
Metallic Table:
Extraneous Conductive Part
IF ILeakage
IExtraneous
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 78
Protection and Sizing Cables
Phase conductors: MS 1936 & MS 1979: TT Earthing
o To size with coordination with circuit breakers
Neutral conductors: TT Earthing
o MS 1936
Similar to phase conductor
By calculation: 3 phase only
MCB or beak alone cable not permitted
o MS 1979
Similar to phase conductor
MCB or beak alone cable not permitted
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 79
Protection and Sizing Cables
Protective earthing conductors (No MCB or breaks allowed)
o MS 1936
Selection;
By calculation
o MS 1979
By selection
o By selection (MS 1936 & MS 1979)
1.5 mm2 < S < 16 mm2 => Phase conductor
25 mm2 < S 35 mm2 => 16 mm2
S > 35 mm2 => S/2 mm2
Equipotential earthing conductors (MS 1936 & MS 1979)
o By selection (No MCB or breaks allowed)
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 80
Protection and Sizing of Cables: Type B MCB
Type B MCB : I 1.35 I I
B n Z
Step 6
Step 4 Step 3
Step 5
In IB
R
Step 1
Step 2 Step 1
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 81
Protection and Sizing of Cables: Type C/D MCB
Type B MCB : I 1.45 I I
B n Z
Step 6
Step 4 Step 3
Step 5
In IB
R
Step 1
Step 2 Step 1
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 82
Special Cases: Water Heaters
Maintenance
Protection & Isolation
Cable Size: (Outside Zone) 2)
Isolation
Minimum 4 mm2
Isolation / Switching
R
Outgoing:
Equipotential Bonding
13 / 15A S/S/O
Not Permitted
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 83
Step 1: Determine the Characteristics of
the Load & Calculate IB
1. Comply with equipment / appliance safety standards
2. Obtain the following for the load
a. Power or lighting load;
b. Single phase (230 V) or three phase (400 V);
c. Rated power, kVA or kW;
d. Power factor; and
e. Inrush current, A
2. Maximum demand and diversity factor: Refer to Tables A & B
of Electricity Regulations 1994
3. Calculate IB: The current for which the circuit is designed
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 84
Step 2: Plug and Flexible Cords
Crosssectional area (CSA) of flexible cords
o Available CSA: 0.50, 0.75 & 1.25 mm2
o Permitted (UK only): 0.22 mm2
(UK only) accepts that some marginal damage to
small flexible cords is tolerable under short
circuit conditions, for example where a 0.22
mm2 is used with a 13A BS 1362 fuse
Not permitted in Malaysia
BS 1362 fuses
o Available sizes: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 & 13 A
o Standard size: 3, 5 & 13 A
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 85
BS 1363 Plugs and BS 1362 Fuses
Select the fuse rating in accordance with requirements of BS
1362 and/or IET (UK) code of practices
o 3A: appliance < 700 W;
o 5A: Appliance > 700 W and < 1,200 W;
o 13A: Appliance > 1,200 V and < 2,300 W
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 86
BS 1363 Plugs and BS 1932 Fuses
UK Plug and Socket Safety Regulations, 1995
o A correctly fused BS 1363 plug, the flexible cable
connected to equipment is always fully protected
against the effects of overload or small overcurrents as
follows:
3A fuse protects 0.50 mm2 flexible cords;
5A fuse protects 0.75 mm2 flexible cords;
13A fuse protects 1.25 mm2 flexible cords
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 87
Step 3: Plug and Flexible Cords
Step 3: Selecting power outlets
o 13A socket outlets (Usually derated to 10A load);
o CEE sockets, MCB, MCCB termination box; etc.,
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 88
Overload Protection & Sizing of Cables
.Step 4: Selecting CB: Example MCB
o Step 4A: Select the nominal current of the CB
I I
B n
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 89
Overload Protection & Sizing of Cables
Step 5: Selecting the cable
o Step 5A: Determine the continuous current of the
cable
1.35 / 1.45 I I
n z
In = Nominal current of the CB
IZ = Max. continuous current carrying capacity of cable
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 90
Overload Protection & Sizing of Cables
.Step 5: Selecting the cable (Continue)
o Step 5B: Determine the nominal current of the cable
I
I z
Z - nominal C x C x.......
a g
Ca = Correction factor for ambient temperature;
Cg = Correction factor for grouping; etc.,
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 91
Overload Protection & Sizing of Cables
Step 6: Voltage drop calculation
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 92
Protection Against Short Circuit Current
Short circuit is a limiting conditions of overload where
o The fault current is relatively high at kA;
o The short circuit protective CB shall clear the short
circuit fault within a short time
Overload CB can protect against short circuit fault
provided it has a breaking capacity > perspective short
circuit current of the protected circuit
Coordination of overload and short circuit protection shall
ensure the let through energy of the short circuit device does
not exceed that which can be safely withstood by the overload
devices
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 93
Sizing PE and EB Cables
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 94
Sizing PE Cables
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 95
Sizing EB (Supplementary) Cables
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 96
Case Study 8:
Selection and Erection of Erection
Equipment Isolation, Switching
and Control
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Isolation, Switching and Control
Note:
Coupling to Electricity Provider
Shall be 2P/4P for 1P/3P Supply
Isolation &
Protection &
Switching
Isolation
T
R
Protection
Emergency
Switching:
Firemen Switch
Protection
(Fuse)
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 98
Isolation, Switching and Control
Note:
Coupling to Electricity Provider
Maintenance
Shall be 2P/4P for 1P/3P Supply
Isolation
Protection & (Outside Zone 2)
Isolation
Emergency Isolation /
R
Switching
(Outside Zone 2)
Protection
Outgoing:
Equipotential Bonding
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 99
Isolation, Switching and Control
Note:
Coupling to Electricity Provider
Shall be 2P/4P for 1P/3P Supply
Maintenance
Protection &
Isolation
Isolation
Emergency
R
Isolation
Protection
Equipotential Bonding ?
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 100
Isolation, Switching and Control
Note:
Coupling to Electricity Provider
Shall be 2P/4P for 1P/3P Supply
Emergency /
R
Undervoltage
Stop
Protection
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 101
Case Study 9:
Verification:
Initial and Period Verification
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Checklist
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Checklist
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Case Study 10:
Public Awareness and
Training, Workshops and Seminars
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Public Awareness: Electrical Safety Seminar
by Energy Commission
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Public Comments: MS 1936 & MS 1979
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Road Show: Testing RCD
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Workshop: Wiring Design Workshop
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 109
Annual National Convention
of
The Institution of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines (IIEE)
End of
Presentation
Q&A
Any Questions ?
IIEE 2015, Philippines - Annual National Convention of
IIEE - Best Practices in LV Systems - Nov 15 110