Group 2 September 26, 2017

Rating:

Experiment No. 6
SOLUBILITY

Questions for Research:

1. State the law of partition.
- According to Nernsts Distribution law (1891) or Partition law, When a solute is taken up with two immiscible
liquids, in both of which the solute is soluble, the solute distributes itself between the two liquids in such a
way that the ratio of its concentration in the two liquid phases is constant at a given temperature provided
the molecular state of the distributed solute is same in both the phases.
2. What is the common name and use of alcoholic solution iodine?
- Tincture of iodine or iodine tincture is an antiseptic; it is also called weak iodine solution. It is usually 27%
elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide or sodium iodide, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and
water. Tincture solutions are characterized by the presence of alcohol.
3. Deduce from the results the relative solubility of iodine in the three solvents.
Iodine in water Slightly soluble
Iodine in ethyl alcohol soluble
Iodine in benzene soluble
4. Do alcohol and water mix in all proportions? What term is given to such liquids?
Yes, the term is called miscible.
5. In relation to produce #3 under solubility of liquids in liquids:
a. What is the practical application of this action of carbon tetrachloride?
Like dissolves like
b. What term is given to such substances
Polar and non-polar
6. What gas dissolves in carbonated drinks?
- Carbon dioxide
7. In the procedure under Factor affecting solubility, what factors affected the solubility in:
a. Procedure #1
Nature of solute and solvent.
b. Procedure #2
Like dissolves like
c. Procedure #3
Pressure
8. What are the factors affecting solubility of a solute in a given solvent? Give the effect of each factor.
- Size of the particles -- When a solute dissolves, the action takes place only at the surface of each particle.
When the total surface area of the solute particles is increased, the solute dissolves more rapidly. Breaking a
solute into smaller pieces increases its surface area and increases its rate of solution.
- Stirring -- With liquid and solid solutes, stirring brings fresh portions of the solvent in contact with the solute.
Stirring, therefore, allows the solute to dissolve faster.
- Amount of solute already dissolved When you have very little solute in the solution, dissolving takes place
quickly. When you have a lot of solute in the solution, dissolving takes place more slowly.
- temperature -- For liquids and solid solutes, increasing the temperature not only increases the amount of
solute that will dissolve but also increases the rate at which the solute will dissolve. For gases, the reverse is
true. An increase in temperature decreases both solubility and rate of solution.
9. Define or describe the following solubility groups.
a. Very soluble- materials are those, which have very high solubility. Usually materials are treated as sparingly
soluble if 1g of material requires 1ml or less of solute to dissolve. In other words, a material will be very
soluble if 1ml of solvent will dissolve one or more grams of solute.
b. Freely soluble- materials are those, which have high solubility. Usually materials are treated as freely soluble
if 1g of material requires 1 to 10ml of solute to dissolve. In other words, a material will be freely soluble if the
amount which can be dissolved in 100ml of solute ranges between 10g and 100g.
c. Soluble- susceptible of being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially water
d. Sparingly soluble- materials are those, which have lowered solubility. Usually materials are treated as
sparingly soluble if 1g of material requires 30 to 100ml of solute to dissolve. In other words, a material will be
sparingly soluble if the amount which can be dissolved in 100ml of solute ranges between 1g and 3,3g.
e. Slightly soluble- materials are those, which have low solubility. Usually materials are treated as slightly
soluble if 1g of material requires 100 to 1000ml of solute to dissolve. In other words, a material will be
sparingly soluble if the amount which can be dissolved in 100ml of solute ranges between 0.1g to 1g.
f. Very slightly soluble- materials are those, which have lowered solubility. Usually materials are treated as
very slightly soluble if 1g of material requires 1000 to 10,000ml of solute to dissolve.
g. Practically Insoluble- materials are those, which do not or almost don't dissolve. Usually materials are
treated insoluble if 1g of material requires more than 10.000ml of solute to dissolve or does not dissolve in
any amount whatsoever.
References:
http://www.sciencehq.com/chemistry/distribution-law.html
chemistryprojects.blogspot.com/2010/.../give-common-name-for-alcoholic-solution.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/iodine
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-ethanol-soluble-in-water-IN-ALL-PROPORTIONS
http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch105/lesson3homogeneous_mixtures.html
www.unesda.eu/lexikon/carbonated-drink
www.solubilityofthings.com/very-soluble-compounds-definition