Arch 129

Music Appreciation
Lecture - Six

Instructor: Ashiqur Rahman

Associate Professor
Department of Architecture
Premier University
Chittagong, Bangladesh
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
In the 19th century, one of the key ways that new compositions became known to the public was by the
sales of sheet music, which middle class amateur music lovers would perform at home on their piano or
other common instruments, such as violin.
With 20th-century music, the invention of new electric technologies such as radio broadcasting and the
mass market availability of gramophone records meant that sound recordings of songs and pieces heard by
listeners (either on the radio or on their record player) became the main way to learn about new songs and
pieces.
There was a vast increase in music listening as the radio gained popularity and phonographs were used to
replay and distribute music, because whereas in the 19th century, the focus on sheet music restricted
access to new music to the middle class and upper class people who could read music and who owned
pianos and instruments.
In the 20th century, anyone with a radio or record player could hear operas, symphonies and big
bands right in their own living room.
This allowed lower-income people, who would never be able to afford an opera or symphony concert
ticket to hear this music.
It also meant that people could hear music from different parts of the country, or even different parts of
the world, even if they could not afford to travel to these locations.
This helped to spread musical styles.
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
The focus of art music in the 20th century was characterized by exploration of new rhythms, styles, and
sounds.
The horrors of World War I influenced many of the arts, including music, and some composers began
exploring darker, harsher sounds.
Traditional music styles such as jazz and folk music were used by composers as a source of ideas for
classical music.
Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, and John Cage were all influential composers in 20th-century art music.
The invention of sound recording and the ability to edit music gave rise to new subgenre of classical music,
including the acousmatic and Musique concrte schools of electronic composition.
Sound recording was also a major influence on the development of popular music genres, because it
enabled recordings of songs and bands to be widely distributed.
The introduction of the multitrack recording system had a major influence on rock music, because it could
do much more than record a bands performance.
Using a multitrack system, a band and their music producer could overdub many layers of instrument
tracks and vocals, creating new sounds that would not be possible in a live performance.
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African
Americans in the Deep South of the United States around
the end of the 19th century.
The genre developed from roots in African musical
traditions, African-American work songs and European-
American folk music.
Blues guitarist and singer B.B. King
Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field
hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple
narrative ballads.
The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and
blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-
response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord
progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most
common.
Blue notes (or "worried notes"), usually thirds or fifths
flattened in pitch, are also an essential part of the sound.
Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like American blues singer Ma Rainey (18861939), the
rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove. "Mother of the Blues
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation.
Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times.
It was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became
standard: the AAB pattern, consisting of a line sung over the four first bars, its repetition over the next four,
and then a longer concluding line over the last bars.
Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-
American society.
Blues Greats:
1. B B King - The Thrill is Gone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fk2prKnYnI
2. Muddy Waters - Champagne & Reefer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHowqKYSXNI
3. Sonny Boy Williamson - Keep it to Yourself: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtRxJDb3vlw
4. American Folk Blues Festival 1962 - 1969 Vol 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o44L_e9bZrk
5. Best Songs of Ray Charles Ray: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRmEbMXliqs
6. RAY CHARLES - "I Can't Stop Loving You: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQXsM1l2wZ8
7. Vintage Delta Blues: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY34dC_trnc
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Jazz:
Jazz is a music genre that originated from African American communities
of New Orleans in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.
It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles,
all linked by the common bonds of African American and European
American musical parentage with a performance orientation.
Jazz is characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response Louis Armstrong (1901
vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. 1971) is considered one of
Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African the pivotal musicians in jazz
American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European for his contributions as a
trumpet player, composer
military band music.
and singer
Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the black experience
of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own
experience and styles to the art form as well.
Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original
art forms".
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Jazz:
As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different
national, regional, and local musical cultures, which
gave rise to many distinctive styles.
New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining
earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine,
ragtime and blues with
collective polyphonic improvisation.
In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big
bands, Kansas City jazz, a hard-swinging, bluesy, Dizzy Gillespie, 1955 Mongo Santamaria (1969)
improvisational style and Gypsy jazz (a style that
emphasized musette waltzes) were the prominent
styles.
Bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from
danceable popular music toward a more challenging
"musician's music" which was played at faster tempos
and used more chord-based improvisation.
Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing
calmer, smoother sounds and long, linear melodic lines.
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Jazz:
The 1950s saw the emergence of free jazz, which explored playing without regular meter, beat and formal
structures.
In the mid-1950s, hard bop emerged, which introduced influences from rhythm and blues, gospel, and
blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing.
Modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure
and improvisation.
Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock music's
rhythms, electric instruments and the highly amplified stage sound.
In the early 1980s, a commercial form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful, garnering
significant radio airplay. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin and Afro-Cuban jazz.
Jazz Greats:
1. LOUIS ARMSTRONG - what wonderful world: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDrzKBF6gDU
2. Edith Piaf - La Vie En Rose: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFzViYkZAz4
3. Cesaria Evora - Besame Mucho: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLsg_Lk819s
4. Iyeoka - Simply Falling: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Pes54J8PVw
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Rock:
Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s,
and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and
the United States.
It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and
blues and country music.
Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated
influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.
Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass
guitar and drums.
Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, but the
genre has become extremely diverse.
Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are
frequently social or political in emphasis.
The dominance of rock by white, male musicians has been seen as one of the key factors shaping the
themes explored in rock music.
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Rock:
Rock places a higher degree of emphasis on musicianship, live performance, and an ideology
of authenticity than pop music.
By the late 1960s, referred to as the "golden age" or "classic rock" period, a number of distinct rock music
subgenres had emerged.
These included hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which
contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by
the countercultural psychedelic scene.
New genres that emerged from this scene included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements.
Glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style; and the diverse and enduring subgenre
of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed.
In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock reacted against the perceived overblown, inauthentic and overly
mainstream aspects of these genres to produce a stripped-down, energetic form of music valuing raw
expression and often lyrically characterized by social and political critiques.
Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of other subgenres, including new
wave, post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement.
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Rock:
From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and
break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop,
and indie rock.
Further fusion subgenres have since emerged, including pop punk, rap
rock, and rap metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's
history, including the garage rock/post-punk and synthpop revivals at
the beginning of the new millennium.
Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural
and social movements, leading to major sub-cultures Red Hot Chili Peppers in
including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture 2006, showing a quartet
that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. lineup for a rock band (from
left to right: bassist, lead
Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually vocalist, drummer, and
distinctive goth and emo subcultures. guitarist)
Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song, rock music has been
associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes
to race, sex and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth
revolt against adult consumerism and conformity.
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Rock:
Debate surrounds which record should be
considered the first rock and roll record.
Contenders include Goree Carter's "Rock
Awhile" (1949); Jimmy Preston's "Rock the
Joint" (1949), which was later covered by Bill
Haley & His Comets in 1952; and "Rocket 88" Goree Carter: Goree_Carter_-_Rock_Awhile.ogg :1949
by Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats (in
fact, Ike Turner and his band the Kings of
Rhythm), recorded by Sam Phillips for Sun
Records in 1951.
Four years later, Bill Haley's "Rock Around the
Clock" (1955) became the first rock and roll
song to top Billboard magazine's main sales
and airplay charts, and opened the door
worldwide for this new wave of popular
culture. James Alfred Smith Preston (August 18, 1913
December 17, 1984)
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music: Rock Greats:
1. Elvis Presley: Jail House Rock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gj0Rz-uP4Mk
2. Ray Charles: Hit the road Jack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8Tiz6INF7I
3. Chubby Checker: Let's Twist Again: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh8eb_ACLl8
4. John Lennon: Imagine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVg2EJvvlF8
5. Bob Dylan: Blowing In The Wind (Live On TV, March 1963):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWwgrjjIMXA
6. Bob Dylan: Knocking' On Heaven's Door (Unplugged): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJpB_AEZf6U
7. Janis Joplin: Piece Of My Heart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uG2gYE5KOs
8. Patti Smith: Hey Joe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEkmoawOih0
9. Joan Baez: Diamonds and Rust (With Lyrics): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ST9TZBb9v8
10. Joni Mitchell: Both Sides Now 2000 lives: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKQSlH-LLTQ
11. Neil Young: Heart Of Gold: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eh44QPT1mPE
12. James Taylor: Fire & Rain: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwugjyeSKx4
13. Leonard Cohen: Hallelujah (live 1985): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6KLK_8Tg6Y
14. Billy Preston: You Are So Beautiful: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mvnz3zIcFeU
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music: Rock Greats:
1. Suzanne Vega: Luka: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZt7J0iaUD0
2. Bill Withers: Ain't No Sunshine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIdIqbv7SPo
3. Simon And Garfunkel: The Sound Of Silence (with lyrics): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--DbgPXwLlM
4. Peter Paul & Mary: Early Morning Rain (1966): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OCnHNk2Hac
5. Elton John: Tiny Dancer (1971): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xuSYEeo9Wc
6. Eric Clapton: Let it Grow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsjXvy2ygKg
7. George Harrison: Here Comes The Sun: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGKPHFrHVVY
8. Paul McCartney: Yesterday (Live): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH5x1ChYhcI
9. John Mayer: Gravity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fo4746XZgw8
10. Nora Jones: Come Away With Me: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbjZPFBD6JU
11. Peter Gabriel: Biko: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luVpsM3YAgw
12. Phil Collins: In The Air Tonight: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkADj0TPrJA
13. Kate Bush: Hounds of Love Full Album: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njw9fbs0b28
14. David Byrne: My Life in the Bush Of Ghosts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOXbk1GYkxE
15. David Bowie: Modern Love: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hDbpF4Mvkw
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music: Rock Greats: Most Influential Bands
1. Beatles: I Want To Hold Your Hand: Performed Live On The Ed Sullivan Show 2/9/64:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jenWdylTtzs
2. The Beatles: Hey Jude: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_MjCqQoLLA
3. The Beatles: Abbey Road Full Album 1969: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRm2ei9MViY
4. Credence Clear water Revival: Have You Ever Seen The Rain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS9_ipu9GKw&list=PLvL-w11F0ASUDGCKjU32VTh4nDSn9wBhe
5. The Doors (full album,1967): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhGov2HQCLQ
6. The Doors: An American Prayer (full album,1978): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mG5TBzaeXo
7. Deep Purple: Burn (Full Album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCQbKXfbMbA
8. Led Zeppelin: Stairway To Heaven: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPSkNFODVRE
9. Dire Straits: Sultans Of Swing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Pa9x9fZBtY
10. The Moody Blues: Nights In White Satin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9BCpIm_P9Y
11. The Scorpions: Scorpions Greatest Hits: Full Album: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3vz2iegpeU
12. Kate Bush: Hounds of Love Full Album: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njw9fbs0b28
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music: Rock Greats: Most Influential Bands
1. Pink Floyd: The Dark Side Of the Moon: Full Album:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHGyMu4oXK8&list=PLARyKoS2smo3-HT-HPhHNSW2ckE9C_tyg
2. Pink Floyd: Wish You Were Here: Full Album: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLIy2t-
KAc0&list=PL681759C3DB32EAB5
3. Pink Floyd: Animals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dd1y-DDpASk&list=PLJNbijG2M7OwLhw-
clciELdiCHr7aC1YR
4. Pink Floyd: The Wall: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr5AJJuzO8A&list=PL851070FBC86C544C
Punk Rock:
1. Sex Pistols: God Save The Queen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqrAPOZxgzU
2. The Clash: Sandinista: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnSQFaHvxTI&list=PLw8I74P--
tlVmX53NXBA_YtzoovpSfdlU
3. Black Flag: Nervous Breakdown LP (Full Album: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKYn3Bu2Mz8
4. Red Hot Chili Peppers: Greatest Hits (Full Album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BJMUXmBtAE
5. Red Hot Chili Peppers Stadium: Arcadium (Full Albums): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sd2kpE9vuX4
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Rock Greats: Most Influential Bands
Post Punk:
1. Debbie Harry: Koo Koo (Full Album) [1981]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TpB9nzxV9Y
2. Blondie: Heart of glass 1979: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m13zJM22pGE
3. The Chameleons: Script Of The Bridge (Full album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocBR2TIX378
4. The Cure: Faith:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1cjeSweu70&list=PLk0rk0AsuS31s1VuLTwkEm3nxdj5ArrRA
Neo-Romantics:
1. Echo & The Bunnymen: Heaven Up Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWbEEbKTjWU
2. The Teardrop Explodes: Kilimanjaro: Full Album: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2upMkmSmJ8
3. Killing Joke: Killing Joke (Full Album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0oz0xE88S0
4. Killing Joke - Fire Dances (Full Album - 1983): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZzF2RmNY4Q
5. The Smiths: Meat Is Murder:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gu8WrI3ZDVE&list=PLfimnwaZdumhP1bYJa54DvCLFNf4wVYLo
6. R.E.M.: Full Concert - 10/18/98 - Shoreline Amphitheatre (OFFICIAL):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuLH-Br7g0Q
7. The Jesus and Mary Chain: Psychocandy (Full album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFp7W3PoNPI
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Rock Greats: Most Influential Bands
Avant-Garde Music: performance based:
1. Laurie Anderson: Big Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hedIexysvK4&list=PLiN-
7mukU_RHMkr2jAXEa7-gPat5k8ke7
2. Laurie Anderson: Home Of The Brave (1986) FULL MOVIE:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mua8Pr6uRso
3. Laurie Anderson: Homeland Full Album (2010): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJSTpd_6amg
4. Dead Can Dance: The Serpents Egg:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojFQKVvgDVE&list=PLOk3y86yPS8x4ABy7UGZOtIa0GUQulP83
5. Dead Can Dance: Anastasis [Full Album]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrE-xZQEPNI
6. Dead Can Dance: Song of the Stars (Pina version): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys5xfdn5rlo
7. Dead Can Dance: Yulunga Spirit Dance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J-Us4rINeM
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Electronics:
1. Brian Eno: Ambient 1: Music For Airports (Full Album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWUlLHv7-64
2. Brian Eno & Harold Budd: Ambient 2: The Plateaux Of Mirror: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0Sz0lgYhKw
3. Brian Eno & Laraaji: Ambient 3: Day of Radiance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMBNKmZgs_Y
4. Brian Eno: Ambient 4: On Land: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rt6L9OCBcc
5. Brian Eno & Harold Budd: The Pearl (1984): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om-iZHrE1S8
6. Brian Eno: Textures (Full Album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ERgOABYY0k
7. Brian Eno: Thursday Afternoon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTHF2Dfw1Dg
8. Brian Eno: Neroli: Thinking Music, Part IV: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfHCt5z1kd8
9. Brian Eno: Dormienti: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qEu0kuoKEQ
10. Brian Eno: Discreet Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEUQBStgrTY
11. Brian Eno: Mistaken Memories Of Mediaeval Manhattan: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwxbEdCtI1U
12. Brian Eno: 1994 Music For Glitterbug: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaA7O3ygrXw
13. Brian Eno & Jon Hassell: Fourth World Vol. 1: Possible Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFig-OiIwDo
14. Jon Hassell: Aka / Darbari / Java (full album):
15. Jon Hassell: The Surgeon of the Nightsky Restores Dead Things by the Power of Sound
 Music Appreciation- Indian Classical Music: Lecture Six
20th- and 21st-century music:
Electronics:
1. Brian Eno & Jon Hassell: Fourth World Vol. 1: Possible Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFig-
OiIwDo
2. Jon Hassell: Aka / Darbari / Java (full album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_p8ROhSjGA
3. Jon Hassell: The Surgeon of the Night sky Restores Dead Things by the Power of Sound:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkAb_l8S4Ug
4. Jon Hassel: Earthquake Island (Full album): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbdeZTKvxNE
5. Jon Hassell & Farafina: 1988 Flash of the Spirit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxK9gH7csrs
6. Uakti: Trilobyte Full Album 1997: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNn2emLrlhs
7. Uakti & Philip Glass: Aguas da Amazonia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phsLu8oxDZ4
8. Uakti: Oiapok Xui: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHyWUHzi4wg
9. Uakti: I Ching: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTN3z9DnTtQ