1) Natural Environment/Geographical Environment

There has 06 (Six) type of natural environment

a) Geographical Desiccation
b) Historical Desiccation
c) Weather = average (Raining Status, Rivers condition, average hit. )
d) Resources of our Environment, who much we are producing in a same place, producing capacity.
e) Transportation environment
f) Climate Condition

These details are noted as below manner.

Dictating

Geographical Discussion

Bangladesh is blessed with deep, rich and fertile soil, a gift from the three major rivers that form
the deltaic plain upon which it sits. The Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers all wend their
way down from the Himalayas, carrying nutrients to replenish Bangladesh's fields.

This luxury comes at a heavy cost, however. Bangladesh is almost entirely flat, and except for
some hills along the Burmese border, almost entirely at sea-level.

As a result, the country is flooded regularly by the rivers, by tropical cyclones off the Bay of
Bengal, and by tidal bores.

Bangladesh is bordered by India all around it, except a short border with Burma (Myanmar) in
the southeast.

Historical Discussion

For centuries, the area that is now Bangladesh was part of the Bengal region of India. It was
ruled by the same empires that ruled central India, from the Maurya (321 - 184 BCE) to the
Mughal (1526 - 1858 CE). When the British took control of the region and created their Raj in
India (1858-1947), Bangladesh was included.
During the negotiations surrounding independence and the partition of British India,
predominantly-Muslim Bangladesh was separated from majority-Hindu India. In the Muslim
League's 1940 Lahore Resolution, one of the demands was that the majority-Muslim sections of
the Punjab and Bengal would be included in Muslim states, rather than remaining with India.
After communal violence broke out in India, some politicians suggested that a unified Bengali
state would be a better solution. This idea was vetoed by the Indian National Congress, led by
the Mahatma Gandhi.

In the end, when British India gained its independence in August 1947, the Muslim section of
Bengal became a non-contiguous part of the new nation of Pakistan. It was called "East
Pakistan."

East Pakistan was in an odd position, separated from Pakistan proper by a 1,000-mile stretch of
India. It was also separated from the main body of Pakistan by ethnicity and language; Pakistanis
are primarily Punjabi and Pashtun, as opposed to the Bengali East Pakistanis.

For twenty-four years, East Pakistan struggled under financial and political neglect from West
Pakistan.

Political unrest was endemic in the region, as military regimes repeatedly overthrew
democratically elected governments. Between 1958 and 1962, and from 1969 to 1971, East
Pakistan was under martial law.

In the parliamentary elections of 1970-71, East Pakistan's separatist Awami League won every
single seat allocated to the East. Talks between the two Pakistans failed, and on March 27, 1971,
Sheikh Mujibar Rahman declared Bangladeshi independence from Pakistan. The Pakistani Army
fought to stop the secession, but India sent troops to support the Bangladeshis. On January 11,
1972, Bangladesh became an independent parliamentary democracy.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the first leader of Bangladesh, from 1972 until his assassination in
1975. The current Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina Wajed, is his daughter. The political situation
in Bangladesh is still volatile, but recent free and fair elections provide a glimmer of hope for
this young nation and its ancient culture.

Climate of Bangladesh
The climate in Bangladesh is tropical and monsoonal. In the dry season, from October to March,
temperatures are mild and pleasant. The weather turns hot and muggy from March to June,
awaiting the monsoon rains. From June to October, the skies open and drop most of the country's
total annual rainfall (as much as 6,950 mm or 224 inches/year).
As mentioned above, Bangladesh often suffers from flooding and cyclone strikes - an average of
16 cyclones hit per decade. In 1998, the worst flooding in modern memory struck due to an
unusual melt-off of Himalayan glaciers, covering two-thirds of Bangladesh with flood water.

Economy
Bangladesh is a developing country, with per capita GDP of just about $3,580 US/year as of
2015. Nevertheless, the economy is growing rapidly, with a 5-6% annual growth rate from 1996
to 2008.

Although manufacturing and services are increasing in importance, almost two-thirds of

Bangladeshi workers are employed in agriculture. Most factories and enterprises are owned by
the government and tend to be inefficient.

One important source of income for Bangladesh has been workers' remittances from the oil-rich
gulf states such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Bangladeshi workers sent $4.8 billion US home in
2005-06.

Languages
The official language of Bangladesh is Bangla, also known as Bengali. English also is commonly
used in urban areas. Bangla is an Indo-Aryan language descended from Sanskrit. It has a unique
script, also based on Sanskrit.
Some non-Bengali Muslims in Bangladesh speak Urdu as their primary tongue. Literacy rates in
Bangladesh are improving as the poverty rate falls, but still only 50% of men and 31% of women
are literate.

Bangladesh's Government
The People's Republic of Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy, with the president as chief
of state, and prime minister as head of government. The president is elected to a 5-year term,
and may serve two terms total. All citizens over 18 years of age can vote.

The unicameral parliament is called the Jatiya Sangsad; its 300 members also serve 5-year
terms. The president officially appoints the prime minister, but he or she must be the
representative of the majority coalition in parliament. The current president is Abdul Hamid.
Bangladesh's Prime Minister is Sheikh Hasina.

Population of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is home to approximately 168,958,000 people (2015 estimate), giving this Iowa-
sized nation the eighth highest population in the world. Bangladesh groans under a population
density of almost 3,000 per square mile.

Population growth has slowed dramatically, however, thanks to a fertility rate that has fallen
from 6.33 live births per adult woman in 1975 to 2.55 in 2015. Bangladesh also is experiencing
net out-migration.

Ethnic Bengalis make up 98% of the population. The remaining 2% is divided among small
tribal groups along the Burmese border and Bihari immigrants.
 Transportations of Bangladesh
Road Transport:
There has been a dramatic expansion of road network all over the country in recent years. In
1947 there were only 461.8 kilometers of metalled roads. In 1997, the total length of paved road
under the Roads and Highways Department stood at more than 20,000 kilometers. The road
transport carries about 70% of the countrys total passenger and cargo. Bangladesh is a riverine
country. So in past days, main transportation was through water. But in recent years,
Construction of a number of important bridges over the mighty rivers such as the Bangabandhu
Jamuna Bridge, Meghna Bridge. Meghna-Gumti Bridge, Bangladesh-China Friendship Bridge,
Shambhuganj Bridge and Mahananda Bridge have been completed. The 4.8 km long
Bangabandhu Bridge is the eleventh longest in the world over the Jamuna River. It has
established a strategic link between the East and the West of Bangladesh. Especially north
Bengal is now strongly connected with the main stream of the country. It is faci1itating
transmission of electricity, natural gas and the telecommunication links.The Rates of Road
transport in Bangladesh is one of the cheapest in the world.
The Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) also maintains a countrywide network of
bus services, Dhaka Calcutta Dhaka direct daily bus services via Benapole, Jessore.

Railways:
Total: 2,745 km
Broad gauge: 923 km 1.676-m gauge
Narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (1998 est.)
32% of the total area of Bangladesh is covered by the railways effectively. Bangladesh Railway
is a state owned service and it operates a track of 2706 kilometer and provides passenger and
cargo services through 502 stations all over the country. It provides an efficient service to places
of interest like Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna, Mymensingh, Bogra, Rajshahi, Dinajpur from
Dhaka. The inter-city Express Service is available within the important cities at economical
fares.

Waterways:
About two-thirds of Bangladesh has a dense network of rivers, canals and creeks. Water
transport is the only way in nearly 10% of the country. The waterways vary from 8372 kilometer
during the monsoon to 5200 kilometer during the dry season. State-owned BIWTC provide
passenger and cargo services in waterways within the main land and coastal areas of the country.

There are two major sea ports in Bangladesh. Chittagong, the oldest port( at least 1000 years)
and The Mongla port in Khulna region. The country has also communication between the
mainland and islands by waterways. Saint Martin has communication by sea track, troller etc.
Because of Bangladeshs many rivers, ferries are a major form of transportation. These ferries
carry people and cargo.
Many types of traditional country made boats are also used for transportation. The landscape of
Bangladesh is dominated by about 250 rivers and so these carry passengers and merchandise on
a large scale. Journey by Steamer from Dhaka (Sadarghat) to Khulna Sundarbans will be a rocky
experience.
Airways:
Bangladesh can be reached by air from any part of the world. The national flag carrier Biman of
Bangladesh flies to 26 international and 8 domestic destinations. Biman Bangladesh airlines
connected Dhaka with 27 major cities of the world. They are- London, Muscat, Dhahran,
Baghdad, Kuwait, Yangoon, Bangkok, Mumbai, Calcutta, Doha, Dubai, Jeddah, Karachi,
Kathmandu, Kualalumpur, Abu Dhabi, Amsterdam, Athens, Rome, Tripoli, Tokyo, Singapore,
Baharin, Frankfurt, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Sarjah, Seoul, Riyadh and Delhi.
Biman, Bangladesh Airlines also connected Dhaka with major cities of Bangladesh, Chittagong,
Jessore, Coxs Bazar, Rajshahi Saidpur and Sylhet in its 7 domestic routes.
There are total 11 airports in Bangladesh. These are Dhaka, Barisal, Chittagomig. Comilla, Cox
s Bazar, Ishurdi, Jessore, Rajshahi, Syedpur, Sylhet and Thakurgaon. The airports at Dhaka,
Chittagong and Sylhet are international.
Besides Biman, Air careo and Short Take-off and Landing (STOL) services have been opened to
the private sector by the government.

Biman, Bangladesh Airlines, Ph: 9560151-9; Enquiry & Reservations

Foreign Airlines:
Trans World Airlines Inc.: Ph: 880 , 9552208
Air France: Ph: 880 , 9563050, 9551338,
Japan Airlines: Ph: 880 , 9129710
Indian Airlines: Ph: 880 , 9557813, 8912205(Airport)
Kuwait Airways: Ph: 880 , 9118829(City) 8914215(Airport)
British Airways: Ph: 880-2-9564869-72, 8914410, 8912467(Airport)
Lufthansa: Ph: 880-2-8618995 , 8611191
Myanmar Airlines International: Ph: 880-2-8810579-80
United Airlines: Ph: 880-2-9556538-9, 9556505, 9567379
Cathay Pacific: Ph: 880-2-9559390 , 9559721, 9557117
Pan Am: Ph: 880-2-9554369
Gulf Air: Ph: 880-2-8113237-40
PIA: Ph: 880-2-8312985 , 8823023
Singapore Airlines: Ph: 880-2-8828769 , 8828774, 8811504-8
Emirates: Ph: 880-2-9563825-29, 9563830
Swiss Air: Ph: 880-2-8821908 , 8822376
Korean Air: Ph: 880-2-9563817-9
Saudia Ph: 880-2-8116859-60,(City) 8914436, 8914341(Airport)
Malayasian Airlines: Ph: 880-2-9885479 , 9885480
Thai International: Ph: 880-2-8314711-9, 8914351(Airport)
Qatar Airways, Ph: 880-2-9563050 , 9564945
Royal Nepal Airlines: Ph: 880-2-9550423 , 9559353
Qantas: Ph: 880-2-9886634-7
KLM: Ph: 880-2-8113005 , 9116519
Philippines Airlines: Ph:880-2-411488
Air litalia: Ph: 880-2-9551673
Continental Airlines: Ph:880-2-9565386-1,

Car Rental :
Private car hire service is available in Dhaka and all other towns in Bangladesh. Bangladesh
Parjatan Corporation( State owned tourism industry) has started a service of air-conditioned and
non air-conditioned cars, microbuses and jeeps. They offer transfer service for tourists between
Dhaka airport and main city points or hotels.

Traditional transport:
Palanquin, dool, horse carriage, bullock cart, tomtom etc are traditional transports of Bangladesh.
These transports are nearly extinct for normal use now. Now paalkee/ Palanquin (sedans),
tomtom (horse carriages) and gorur gaari (bullock carts) are used fashionably in marriage, New
Year celebration and many other celebrations. In some village areas they are also used till now.

Local transport:
Cycle Rickshaw is the mostly used local transport of Bangladesh. It is a very interesting
transport. Bicycle, petrol auto bikes (tricycle), cycle van are also common in both urban and rural
areas. The Nochhimon and Korimon, locally made mechanical hauler using irrigation pumps as
main engine, are mainly used for transporting agricultural goods and rural folks
 Clothes

Portion of a sari woven at Sonargaon, Bangladesh

Bangladeshi people have unique dress preferences. Bangladeshi men traditionally wear Panjabi on
religious and cultural occasions. Bangladeshi men wear lungi as casual wear (in rural areas) and shirt-
pant or suits on formal occasions. Shari is the main and traditional dress of Bangladeshi women[3] also
and some young female also wear salwar kameez. In urban areas, women can also be seen wearing
Western clothes.[4] The women also have a different preference to which types of Sharee or any other
popular dess like Salwar kameez they would like to wear. Whether it may be silk sharis, georgette sharis,
or designer sharis, each particular fabric contributes to representing the culture overall. Weaving the
fabric for these dresses is a traditional art in Bangladesh