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3 4 3
2 4 4 3 4 3
3 2 4 = 3
2 1 3 2 1 + 3 2 4 = 3(6) 3 2 + 3 10 = 6.
3 2 1
5 4 3
2 4 4 3 4 3
7 2 4 = 5
2 1 7 2 1 + 3 2 4 = 5(6) 7 2 + 3 10 = 14.
3 2 1
3 5 3
3 7 4 = 3 7 4 3 5 3 + 3 5 3 = 3(19) 3 (4) + 3 41 = 54.
3 1 3 1 7 4
3 3 1
3 4 5
3 2 7 = 3 2 7 3 4 5 + 3 4 5 = 3(20) 3 2 + 3 38 = 48.
2 3 2 3 2 7
3 2 3
14 7 54 48
x1 = = , x2 = = 9, x3 = = 8.
6 3 6 6
1
2 Review for Midterm I
Topics:
2
3 Sample Test
Instructions: No calculators; show your work NEATLY.
Comment: Hints for checking will not appear on the real test.
1. [15 points] How many solutions does each of the following linear systems have? Circle
the entries which led to your conclusion.
1 0 0 0 2
0 1 0 0 2
(a) 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 2
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
(b) 0 1 3 3
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 6
0 1 5 1 1 5
(c)
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Answers:
1 0 0
0 2
0 1 0
0 2
1 Exactly one solution.
0
(a) 0 1
0
0 0 0
1 2
0 0 0
0 0
1 0 1 1
(b) 0 1 3 3 No solutions.
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 6
0 1 5 1 1 5
(c)
0
Infinitely many solutions.
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
2. [15 points] Use Cramers rule to solve the following system of linear equations for x.
x 2y = 1
3x + y = 0
[Hint for checking: Also solve for y and plug your answer back into the equations.]
3
Answer:
1 2
0 1 1 1
x = = = .
1 2
1 6 7
3 1
3. [15 points] Parameterize the solutions to the linear system whose matrix is below.
Assume the original variables were x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 .
1 3 0 2 0 11
0 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 4 .
0 0 0 0 0 0
Answer
x1 3x2 2x4 = 11
x3 x4 = 1
x5 = 4.
x1 = 11 + 3x2 + 2x4 = 11 + 3s + 2t
x2 = s
x3 = 1 + x4 = 1 + t
x4 = t
x5 = 4,
4
4. [15 points] Solve the linear system
11x1 + 16x2 + 10x3 + 6x4 = 84
4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 18
4x1 5x2 3x3 2x4 = 26
2x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 = 16
using the fact that
1
11 16 10 6 1 0 2 2
4 3 2 2 0 1 2 2
4 5 3 2 = 0 1
.
3 4
2 3 2 1 2 1 4 5
Other methods will result in the loss of points. [Hint for checking: Plug your answer
into the original equation.]
Answer:
11 16 10 6 x1 84 1 0 2 2
4 3 2 2 x2 18 1 0 1 2 2
A=
4 5 3 2
, x = ,b = ,A = .
x3 26 0 1 3 4
2 3 2 1 x4 16 2 1 4 5
Then
Ax = b
84 + 2 (26) 2 16 0
18 2(26) 2 16 = 2
x = Ix = (A1 A)x = A1 (Ax) = A1 b =
.
18 + 3(26) + 4 16 4
2 84 + 18 + 4(26) 5 16 2
3 2 2 3
0 0 2 0
5. [20 points] Find . [Hint for checking: Use more than one method
0 2 2 0
3 0 2 4
row transformations and expansion by minors.]
Answer:
3 2 2 3
3 2 3
0 0 2 0
= (2)(2) 3 3
= (2) 0 2 0 = 4(129) = 84.
0 2 2 0
3
3 4
0 4
3 0 2 4
5
1 0 1
6. [20 points] Find the inverse of 1 1 0 using Gauss-Jordan Elimination. [Hint
5 4 0
for checking: Do matrix multiplication to check that AA1 = I.]
Answer:
1 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 ()R1 + R2 0 1 1 1 1 0
5 4 0 0 0 1 (5)R1 + R3 0 4 5 5 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 0
R2 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 4 5 5 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 0
4R2 + R3 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 4 1
1 0 1 1 0 0
R3 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 4 1
1 0 0 0 4 1
R3 + R1 0 1 0 0 5 1
R3 + R2 0 0 1 1 4 1
1 0 1 0 4 1
The inverse of 1 1 0 is 0 5 1 .
5 4 0 1 4 1