Part-I INTRODUCTION

Industry- Ayurveda: The Science of Life

Originating from the two Sanskrit words, Ayur (life) and Veda (science), Ayurveda is
an ancient healing system originating in the Indian subcontinent that relies on herbs for
maintaining good health. Historical records suggest that the journey of Ayurveda began in
India more than 5,000 years ago, and this traditional system of healing has influenced both
Unani humour therapy conceptualized by Hippocrates and ancient Chinese remedies.
The science and practice of Ayurveda are narrated in ancient texts, of which the
Charaka Samhita is the principal resource. The Charaka Samhita refers to a large collection
of Hindu sacred texts called the Vedas. Written in the Indus Valley area around 1000 BC in
Sanskrit, the Charaka Samhita is a treatise on general medicine. This strongly suggests the
probability that Ayurveda, though of pan Indo-European origins, had begun to evolve into a
distinct entity within the Indian subcontinent by the first millennium BC.
Vedic philosophy believes that human beings are all a part of nature. Just as animals and
plants are interdependent on each other to create balance within their beings, there is a
concurrent and inherent connection between the universe and human beings. Unlike the
animal kingdom, human beings live in a more complex, natural world where they are
perpetually exposed to environmental changes. Changes in weather, society, economy,
lifestyle, diet, work, financial status, emotions and relationships can easily tip the balance and
negatively influence an individual & apposes state of mind, body and soul.
According to Ayurvedic texts, the human body comprises three body states which include
Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Vata consists of the elements air and ether, which give us movement
and activity. Pitta includes the elements fire and water, which are responsible for heat,
appetite and digestion, and Kapha is characterized by the elements earth and water, which are
responsible for water and other bodily fluids. When the three body states are in perfect
harmony, the individual enjoys good health, whereas an imbalance in the states causes
disease. Ayurveda seeks to address this state of imbalance through a process of holistic
healing.
Herbs are at the heart of Ayurvedic medication. Whole flowers, roots, stems and leaves are
manually processed in various ways to discover their optimal potential. Over 15,000 herbs
are mentioned in the scriptures of which only around 850 are commonly used in Ayurvedic
medicine today. One of the most commonly used herbs in Ayurveda is Neem. Described as
sarva roga nivarini or that which keeps all diseases at bay, Neem supports the body&apposes
natural defence system. Apart from Neem, Ginger, Amla and Ashvagandha, among others,
feature highly in the list of important plants in this traditional medicinal system.
Historical records suggest that Ayurvedic medicine has paved the way for various branches
of medicine practiced today. Susruta Samhita, another revered Ayurvedic text, mentions nine
branches in Ayurveda-general medicine, surgery, ear, nose and throat (ENT) and eye disease,
toxicology, psychiatry, paediatrics, gynaecology, sexology and virility. Some texts also
reveal that ancient natural healers elven into plastic surgery. Drawing from this incredible
history, Himalaya & apposes mission is to contemporize Ayurveda and develop safe and
effective products to improve quality of life.
 Company The Himalaya Drugs.

The Himalaya Drug Company is a company established by Mohammed Manal in 1930

and based in Bangalore, India. It produces health care products under the name Himalaya
Herbal Healthcare whose products include Ayurvedic ingredients. It is spread across
locations in India, the United States, the Middle East, Asia and Europe. While its products are
sold in 92 countries across the world.
The company has more than 290 researchers that utilize Ayurvedic herbs and minerals. A
Hepatic drug, named Liv.52, is its flagship product, first introduced in 1955. Liv.52 to date
has now over 215 clinical trials backing it.
Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd. (HGH), is the parent of The Himalaya Drug Company
worldwide. It is also the global headquarters of all Himalaya subsidiaries.

The Himalaya brand has much in common with the mountain range from which it
draws its name. For centuries, the Himalayas have been an icon of aspiration and of man&
apposes quest to unlock nature& apposes secrets. They represent purity and lofty ideals.

Our logo is a visual definition of our brand identity. The leaf that forms the crossbar of the
letter H represents the company& apposes focus on herbal healthcare. The teal green reflects
our closeness to nature, while the orange is evocative of warmth, vibrancy and our
commitment to caring.

The Himalaya brand represents wellness, both internal and topical. Our range of head-to-toe
healthcare and personal care products spans the entire wellness spectrum, offering gentle,
safe and efficacious care.

Each and every product that carries our logo is backed by the high quality that is Himalaya&
apposes hallmark. It promises good health, well-being and a prescription for good living. Our
logo symbolizes a promise delivered.
PART-II PROFILE
1. Industry Profile

History of Ayurveda :
The origins of Ayurveda have been traced back to around 5,000 BCE, when they originated
as an oral tradition. Some of the concepts of Ayurveda have existed since the times of Indus
Valley Civilization. The first recorded forms of Ayurveda as medical texts evolved from the
Vedas. Ayurveda is a discipline of the upaveda or "auxiliary knowledge" in Vedic tradition.
The origins of Ayurveda are also found in Atharvaveda, which contains 114 hymns and
incantations described as magical cures for disease. There are various legendary accounts of
the origin of Ayurveda, e.g. that it was received by Dhanvantari (or Divodasa) from Brahma.
Tradition also holds that the writings of Ayurveda were influenced by a lost text by the sage
Agnivesa.
Ayurveda is one of the few systems of medicine developed in ancient times that is still widely
practiced in modern times. As such, it is open to the criticism that its conceptual basis is
obsolete and that its contemporary practitioners have not taken account of the developments
of modern medicine. Responses to this situation led to an impassioned debate in India during
the early decades of the twentieth century, between proponents of unchanging tradition
(uddha "pure" ayurveda) and those who thought ayurveda should modernise and syncretize
(auddha "impure, tainted" ayurveda). The political debate about the place of ayurveda in
contemporary India has continued to the present, both in the public arena and in government.
Debate about the place of Ayurvedic medicine in the contemporary internationalized world
also continues today.

Main texts
There are three principal early texts on Ayurveda, the Charaka Samhita, the Sushruta Samhita
and the Bhela Samhita. The Sushruta Samhita is based on an original from the 6th century
BCE, and was updated by the Buddhist scholar Nagarjuna in the 2nd century CE. The
Charaka Samhita, written by Charaka, and the Bhela Samhita, attributed to Atreya Punarvasu,
are also dated to the 6th century BCE. The Charaka Samhita was also updated by Dridhabala
during the early centuries of the Common Era.
The Bower Manuscript includes of excerpts from the Bheda Samhita and its description of
concepts in Central Asian Buddhism. In 1987, A. F. R. Hoernle identified the scribe of the
medical portions of the manuscript to be a native of India using a northern variant of the
Guptascript, who had migrated and become a Buddhist monk in a monastery in Kucha. The
Chinese pilgrim Fa Hsien (c. 337422 AD) wrote about the healthcare system of the Gupta
empire (320550) and described the institutional approach of Indian medicine. This is also
visible in the works of Charaka, who describes hospitals and how they should be equipped.
Other early texts are the Agnivesha Samhita, Kasyapa Samhita and Harita Samhita. The
original edition of the Agnivesha Samhita, by Agnivesa, is dated to 1500 BCE, and it was
later modified by Charaka. Kasyapa Samhita includes the treatise of Jivaka Kumar Bhaccha
and is dated to the 6th century BCE. While Harita Samhita is dated to an earlier period, it is
attributed to Harita, who was a disciple of Punarvasu Atreya. Some later texts are Astanga
nighantu (8th Century) by Vagbhata, Paryaya ratnamala (9th century) by Madhava,
Siddhasara nighantu (9th century) by Ravi Gupta, Dravyavali (10th Century), and
Dravyaguna sangraha (11th century) by Cakrapanidatta, among others.
Illnesses portrayed
Underwood and Rhodes state that the early forms of traditional Indian medicine identified
fever, cough, consumption, diarrhea, dropsy, abscesses, seizures, tumours, and leprosy, and
that treatments included plastic surgery, lithotomy, tonsillectomy, couching (a form of
cataract surgery), puncturing to release fluids in the abdomen, extraction of foreign bodies,
treatment of anal fistulas, treating fractures, amputations, cesarean sections, [disputed ] and
stitching of wounds. The use of herbs and surgical instruments became widespread. During
this period, treatments were also prescribed for complex ailments, including angina pectoris,
diabetes, hypertension, and stones.

Further development and spread

Ayurveda flourished throughout the Indian Middle Ages. Dalhana (fl. 1200), Sarngadhara (fl.
1300) and Bhavamisra (fl. 1500) compiled works on Indian medicine. The medical works of
both Sushruta and Charaka were also translated into the Chinese language in the 5th century,
and during the 8th century, they were translated into the Arabic and Persian language. The
9th-century Persian physician Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi was familiar with the text.
The Arabic works derived from the Ayurvedic texts eventually also reached Europe by the
12th century. In Renaissance Italy, the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Tagliacozzi were
influenced by the Arabic reception of the Sushruta& apposes surgical techniques.

British physicians travelled to India to observe rhinoplasty being performed using native
methods, and reports on Indian rhinoplasty were published in the Gentleman& apposes
Magazine in 1794. Instruments described in the Sushruta Samhita were further modified in
Europe. Joseph Constantine Carpue studied plastic surgery methods in India for 20 years and,
in 1815, was able to perform the first major rhinoplasty surgery in the western world, using
the "Indian" method of nose reconstruction. In 1840 Brett published an article about this
technique.

During the period of colonial British rule of India, the practice of Ayurveda was neglected by
the British Indian Government, in favour of modern medicine. After Indian independence,
there was more focus on Ayurveda and other traditional medical systems. Ayurveda became a
part of the Indian National health care system, with state hospitals for Ayurveda established
across the country. However, the treatments of traditional medicines were not always
integrated with others.
B) GROWTH OF AYURVEDA
Ayurveda entails a scientific tradition of harmonious living and its origin can be traced from
ancient knowledge in Rigveda and Atharvaveda. Ayurveda is a traditional healthcare system
of Indian medicine since ancient times. Several Ayurvedic medicines have been exploiting
for treatment and management of various diseases in human beings. The several drugs have
been developed and practiced from Ayurveda since ancient time to modern practice as
tradition to trend. The potential of Ayurvedic medicine needs to be explored further with
modern scientific validation approaches for better therapeutic leads.
The present study was aimed to explore the various aspects of Ayurveda and inspired drug
discovery approaches for its promotion and development.
Various aspects for the quality control, standardization, chemo-profiling, and metabolite
fingerprinting for quality evaluation of Ayurvedic drugs. The development of Ayurvedic
drugs is gaining momentum with the perspectives of safety, efficacy and quality for
promotion and management of human health. Scientific documentation, process validation
and several others significant parameters are key points, which can ensure the quality, safety
and effectiveness of Ayurvedic drugs.
The present review highlights on the major goal of Ayurveda and their significant role in
healthcare system. Ayurveda deals with several classical formulations including arka, asavas,
aristas, churna, taila, vati, gutika, bhasma etc. There are several lead molecules that have been
developed from the Ayurvedic herbs, which have various significant therapeutic activities.
Chemo-profiling of Ayurvedic drug is essential in order to assess the quality of products. It
deals with bioactive compound quantification, spurious and allied drug determination,
chromatographic fingerprinting, standardization, stability and quality consistency of
Ayurvedic products.
C) INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL SCENARIO OF AYURVEDA.
Ayurveda is predominant among Indias traditional health systems. It runs parallel to the
modern health care sector and has a seventy per cent share of the formal medicine market.
Organized Sector:
The large manufacturing units comprise the well established manufacturers who operate in
both domestic and international markets. The major players in this category are Dabur,
Baidyanalh, Zandu, Himalaya Drug Company, Charak Pharmaceuticals, Vicco Laboratories,
Aimil Pharma & Emami group.
Unorganized Sector:
Small manufacturing units manufacture a few medicines and operate in a small area. The
unorganised sector includes practicing ayurvedic experts (vaidyas) and micro-units
manufacturing only a few products and operating at local level. Nonetheless, at times such
units are quite strong in their area of operation. There are certain small manufacturing units
who cater to export markets only.
WORLD HERBAL INDUSTRY
Herbal Products Market: USD 80 billion
Annual Growth Rate: 7%
By 2050: will reach 6 trillion
Today estimate that about 80% of people in developing countries still relays on traditional
medicine based largely on species of plants and animals for their primary health care. India
has one of the richest plant traditions in the world. These are estimated to by around 25,000
effect plant based formulations, used in folk medicine and known to rural communities in
India. Indias share in the export of herbals is USD 63 billion which is just 0.2% of the global
herbal market. So there is obviously vast scope for Indian manufacturers for entering the
growing worldwide opportunity of business in herbal pharmaceutical field. We also have to
focus on standardization of herbal products. Pharmaceutical export promotion council i.e
PHARMEXCIL is ready to play a key role in this regards. Currently, a majority of the
adverse events related to the use of herbal products and herbal medicines that are reported are
attributable either to poor product quality or to improper use. Inadequate regulatory measures,
weak quality control systems and largely uncontrolled distribution channels may have been
contribution to the occurrence of such events. So Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines is
required.
Herbal medicines are currently in demand and their popularity is increasing day by day.
About 500 plants with medicinal use are mentioned in ancient literature and around 800
plants have been used in indigenous system of medicine. The use of herbal medicine
becoming popular due to toxicity and side effects of allopathic medicines. In India around
20,000 medicinal plant species have been recorded recently but more than 500 traditional
communities use about 800 plant species for curing different disease. Plants are important
sources of medicines and presently about 25% of pharmaceutical prescriptions in the United
States contain at least one plant derived ingredient. Ayurveda is the most ancient system of
health care. India enjoys a rich heritage of more than 1000 years of knowledge in ayurveda.
Herbal medicines obtain from plants:
India has one of the richest plant traditions in the world. These are estimated to by around
25,000 effect plant based formulations, used in folk medicine and known to rural
communities in India. These are over 1.5 million practioners of traditional medicinal system
using medicinal plants in preventive, promotional and curative applications. It is estimated
that there are over 7800 medicinal drug manufacturing units in India, which consume about
2000 tonnes of herbs annually. During 1950-1970 approximately 100 plants based new drugs
were introduced in the USA drug market including reserpidine, rescinnamine, reserpine,
vinblastine and vincristine which are derived from higher plants. From 1971-1990 new drugs
such as etoposide, E-guggulsterone, artemisinin and ginkolides appeared all over the world.
Plant base drugs provide outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics for example
serpentine isolated from the root of Indian plant Rauwolfia serpentine in 1953, was a
revolutionary event in the treatment of hypertension and lowering blood pressure. Vinblastine
isolated from Catharanthus roseus is used for the treatment of Hodgkins, choriocarcinoma,
non-hodhkins lymphomas, leukemia in children, testicular and neck cancer. Vincristine is
recommended for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Podophyllum emodi currently used against
testicular small cell lung cancer and lymphomas. More than 64 plants have been found to
possess significant anti-bacterial properties and more than 24 plants have been found to
possess anti-diabetic properties. Teniposide and etoposide isolated from podophyllum species
are used for testicular and lung cancer. Taxol isolated from Taxus brevifolius is used for the
treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer and lung cancer.
Market value of herbal medicine:
Indias share in the export of herbals is USD 63 billion which is just 0.2% of the global herbal
market. So there is obviously vast scope for Indian manufacturers for entering the growing
worldwide opportunity of business in herbal pharmaceutical field. In many countries our
product can be registered and thus can gain the necessary reliability for their export. The
registration guidelines for every country are different and unique hence a thought should also
be given to the possibility of melting such requirements before identification of market for
our product. Global awareness for quality is high and we must emphasize on quality building
into the product. The manufacturing facilities and infrastructure should comply with the GMP
standards. Our own drugs and cosmetics law & rules define GMP for traditional medicinal
products, in schedule T and every effort should be made by each and every manufacturer so
as to comply with these standards.
Standardization of herbal product:
We also have to focus on standardization of herbal products. The products we offer are
complex formulations and though many, products are in use as traditional medicines we must
seriously work towards their standardization. The current scenario calls for regulatory data
and proofs of regulations for every product to be exported. Thus standardization of herbal
products has immense importance for various registration procedures in foreign countries.
Pharmaceutical export promotion council i.e PHARMEXCIL is ready to play a key role in
this regards to act as co-coordinator and fascinator so as to initiate various efforts. Right from
cultivation of medicinal plants to exports o value added herbal formulations to international
markets, opportunity is knocking Indias door. We are confident that with conscious and
systematic efforts, we can achieve excellent growth in this field which would help in earning
valuable foreign exchange to the country.
Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine:
Currently, a majority of the adverse events related to the use of herbal products and herbal
medicines that are reported are attributable either to poor product quality or to improper use.
Inadequate regulatory measures, weak quality control systems and largely uncontrolled
distribution channels may have been contribution to the occurrence of such events. In order to
expand the knowledge about genuine adverse reactions to herbal medicines and to avoid
wasting scarce resources for identifying and analyzing adverse events, events resulting from
such situations will need to be reduced or eliminated. Member states of the WHO are
therefore encourages strengthening national regulation, registration and quality assurance and
control of herbal medicines. In addition, the national health authorities should give greater
attention to consumer education and to qualified practice in the provision of herbal
medicines.
Table : Size and growth of market

Market size In million

Ayurvedic medicines Rs. 35,000 US $ 824

Homeopathic medicines Rs. 6,000 US $ 824

Siddha medicines Rs. 50 US $ 824

Unani medicines Rs. 1,000 US $ 824

On the contrary in India, herbal drugs are an integral part of the Indian system of medicine
(Ayurveda) which is an ancient and main stream system. Moreover, our culture is rich in
herbal drugs thereby causing a high incidence of their self medication as also these drugs are
sold openly. The people who are not supposed to use herbal drugs are also using them
frequently. Due to these factors in our country, the number of herbal product users is highest
in the world. Surprisingly the health care providers have not paid any attention in this
direction. It is appreciable that now, union health ministry is working on a proposal to include
the Indian system of medicine in to modern medical education. It can be useful and fruitful
provided evidence based facts of herbal drugs whose use is common in our country are
included in undergraduate curriculum.

We all, working together will make India a strong force in the global natural product markets.
Let us all come together and work towards making India a significant player in the global
herbal product exporter.

INDIAN HERBAL INDUSTRY

Indian Market: Estimated as Rs. 4205 crores
Export of Ayurvedic drugs 8. Allied herbal products: Estimated as Rs. 440 crores
Potential by 2020: Estimated as Rs. 7000 crores.
Herbal drugs constitute a major share of all the officially recognised systems of health in
India viz. Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Naturopathy, except Allopathy.
More than 70% of Indias 1.1 billion populations still use these non-allopathic systems of
medicine. Currently, there is no separate category of herbal drugs or dietary supplements, as
per the Indian Drugs Act. However, there is a vast experiential-evidence base for many of the
natural drugs. This offers immense opportunities for Observational Therapeutics and Reverse
Pharmacology. Evidence-based herbals are widely used in the diverse systems and
manufactured, as per the pharmacopoeial guidelines, by a well-organised industry.
Significant basic and clinical research has been carried out on the medicinal plants and their
formulations, with the state-of-the-art methods in a number of Institutes/Universities. There
are some good examples. Indian medicinal plants also provide a rich source for antioxidants
that are known to prevent/delay different diseased states. The antioxidant protection is
observed at different levels. The medicinal plants also contain other beneficial compounds
like ingredients for functional foods. Hence, the global knowledge about Ayurveda and
Indian herbals will hopefully be enhanced by information on the evidence-base of these
plants. This will yield rich dividends in the coming years.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Indian medicinal plants, reverse pharmacology, observational
therapeutics, and antioxidant.
India has a very long, safe and continuous usage of many herbal drugs in the officially
recognized alternative systems of health viz. Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy
and Naturopathy. These systems have rightfully existed side-by-side with Allopathy and are
not in the domain of obscurity, as stated by Venkat Subramanian. Millions of Indians use
herbal drugs regularly, as spices, home-remedies, health foods as well as over-the-counter
(OTC) as self-medication or also as drugs prescribed in the non-allopathic systems. The more
than 500,000 non-allopathic practitioners are trained in the medical colleges (>400) of their
respective systems of health and are registered with the official councils which monitor
professionalism. Hence, these systems are not folklore or traditional herbal practices. There
are basic axioms of these systems leading to a logical and systematic structure of
pathogenesis and diagnosis, which serves also as a determinant for therapy.
The developer of a potent natural product penicillin, Nobel-laureate Ernst Boris Chain wrote
an inspiring article entitled The quest for new biodynamic substances. In 1967, he wrote,
In China and India there has been an extensive drive aimed at the systemic study of
medicinal plants traditionally used in these countries in folklore medicine; this has failed, so
far, to bring to light new classes of compounds with interesting pharmacologic activities. As
far as drug research is concerned, therefore, we cannot expect many major surprises to come
from the study of plant constituents. The current overview would disprove the infallibility of
this Nobel laureate, by giving examples of novel activities of Indian medicinal plants.

Observational Therapeutics and Reverse Pharmacology

India, having a pluralistic healthcare system, offers an unfettered choice for the quest for new
clinical effects of traditionally used medicinal plants. Roy Chaudhary coined a neologism for
such a disciplineObservational Therapeutics. He expressed his hope that further research
directed at a few of the chronic diseases against which more drugs are needed, such as
diabetes, bronchial asthma, could lead to the discovery of new drugs for these conditions.
Observational Therapeutics is an antecedent of the path of Reverse Pharmacology for new
natural drug development. Reverse Pharmacology was proposed and initiated by Vaidya.
Reverse Pharmacology is possible only in those countries with pluralistic healthcare and
where robust clinical and laboratory documentation of novel human, pharmacodynamic
effects are possible by inter-system collaborative teamwork. India, at the national level, has
adopted this approach of Reverse Pharmacology and also the golden triangular research for
correlating the three fields by R & D network viz. modern medicine, Indian systems of
medicine, and life and pharmaceutical sciences. Reverse Pharmacology is defined as the
science of integrating documented clinical/experiential hits, into leads by transdisciplinary
exploratory studies and further developing these into drug candidates by experimental and
clinical research. The identification of structures with novel biodynamic effects can also lead
to new chemical entity path for drug development.
The scope of Reverse Pharmacology is to understand the mechanisms of action at multiple
levels of biological organization and to optimise safety, efficacy and acceptability of the leads
in natural products, based on relevant science.

Research Approach to Herbal Products

The path of Reverse Pharmacology, arising from Observational Therapeutics is

complementary to other approaches for natural drug development.
The diversity of medical uses of plant is at times daunting for a new entrant to the field. But
for a multidisciplinary research and a development network the options of research approach
provide deep motivation for identification of new pharmacophores. Besides expanding the
herbal therapeutic and preventive armamentarium, new pharmacophores may help to evolve
new targets of drug action as well as a possibility for combinatorial chemistry on the novel
pharmacophores. For example, curcumin has been a target molecule for a significant
endeavour for a large number of combinatorial compounds. The Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research (CSIR), in India has initiated sizeable and meaningful efforts for the
development of herbal-based formulations for diabetes, arthritis and hepatitis by a national
network programme. The industry, the academia and the government research laboratories
work in close collaboration. Interesting and novel activities have been detected with the
selected plants and some of the active ingredients of therapeutically demonstrable effects e.g.
glycaemic control and inhibition of HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) level coupled with a
reduction in in vitro formation of Amadori products.
The diverse approaches to herbal drugs have led to interesting hits and novel activities, which
need further in depth drug development efforts, both as herbal as well as new single molecule
drugs. Table 1 lists the activity of ten of the interesting Ayurvedic drugs

Literature on Indian medicinal plants

There is vast literature on Ayurveda in Sanskrit, Hindi and regional languages that is often
not accessible to the other language groups. The monographs and books in English are also
available. But sometimes there are errors in translating the technical Sanskrit and Indian
words into English. It is desirable that prior to embarking on developing any Indian herbal
drug, the original Sanskrit textbooks or the experts and scholars of Ayurveda are properly
consulted. There have been many scientific reviews on Indian medicinal plants too.
Table 2 lists some of the highly recommended books, monographs and reviews that can be
used as per the needs of the reader. There has been an ongoing major CSIR effort of
digitizing the traditional Ayurvedic knowledge library (TKDL).

Institutions/Centres Working on Indian Medicinal Plants

A large number of academic, industrial and government institutes are conducting research on
the medicinal plants of India. There has been no systematic review of the massive work that
is available from this nation. Many international data-bases and web-sites do not cover even
the work published in the Indian Journals. Hence, there is a global lack of awareness of the
mass and nature of work carried out on diverse aspects viz. ethno botany, photochemistry,
pharmacognosy, pharmacology, clinical trials, safety studies and formulation-research.
Table 3 provides a short list of some of the eminent institutes which are active in research on
medicinal plants and in Ayurveda.

Use and Potential of Selected Indian Plants

Since ancient times a number of Indian medicinal plants have been used globally. There are
many references to Indian medicinal plants and trade in spices in a number of historical
documents. For instance, Indian aloe is very widely used in India for cosmetic, medicinal and
nutraceutical purposes. But the antiaging effects of the pickled preparations are unique.
Despite the global reputation of aloe in dermato-cosmetics, the potential as antiaging is still
untapped. Similarly, the plant Adhatoda vasica has been extensively studied for cough and
the active principles have been known. However, the potential for use in bleeding disorders
and tuberculosis is untapped.. There is a need for an international collaborative effort to
explore, on a fast track, the hits provided by clinical observations of astute physicians.

Reverse Pharmacology on these selected plants may lead not only to new leads and drug
candidates but also to novel targets and pharmacodynamic efforts. For example,
investigations on Coleus forskohlii, used as pickles in some parts of India, led to isolation of
forskolin, with multifaceted effects. The latter were mediated by activation of adenylate
cylase and increased concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). There are
cAMP-independent effects of forskolin viz. through modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor channel desensitization, modulation of voltage-gated potassium channels, reversal of
multidrug resistance etc. This example suggests the complexity of effects of even simple
phytomolecules. Hence, the emphasis has to be primarily on the human effect, as documented
in Observational Therapeutics.

Indian Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antioxidants and Radical Scavengers

In recent years, there is a tremendous interest in the possible role of nutrition in prevention of
disease. In this context, antioxidants, especially derived from natural sources such as Indian
medicinal plants and herbal drugs derived from them, require special attention. Antioxidants
neutralize the toxic and volatile free radicals. Antioxidants have many potential
applications, especially in relation to human health, both in terms of prevention of disease
and therapy. In biological systems oxygen gives rise to a large number of free radicals and
other reactive species collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another group
of reactive species are termed as reactive nitrogen species (RNS)]. In a normal healthy
human, the generation of ROS and RNS are effectively kept in check by the various levels of
antioxidant defence. However, when the humans get exposed to adverse physiochemical,
environmental or pathological agents this delicately maintained balance is shifted in favour of
pro-oxidants resulting in oxidative stress. Cellular damage induced by oxidative stress has
been implicated in the etiologic of a large number (>100) of human diseases as well as the
process of ageing. Various antioxidants may prevent and/or improve diseased states. These
include the intracellular antioxidant enzymes and the dietary or oral supplements in the form
of vitamin C, vitamin E, -carotene, zinc and selenium. Antioxidants also can act at different
levels of protection such as prevention, interception and repair.
Indian medicinal plants provide a rich source of antioxidants. The medicinal plants that show
significant antioxidant activity include Acacia catechu, Achyranthes aspera, Aegle
marmelos (Bengal quince, Bel), Aglaia roxburghiana (Priyangu), Allium
cepa (Onion), Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Amomum subulatum, Andrographis
paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Azadirachta indica, Bacopa monniera, Bauhinia
purpurea, Brassica campastris, Butea monosperma, Camellia sinensis, Capparis
decidua, Capsicum annum, Centella asiatica, Cinnamomum verum, Commiphora
mukul, Crataeva nurvala, Crocus sativus, Curcuma longa, Cymbopogan citrates, Emblica
officinalis, Emilia sonchifolia, Garcinia atroviridis, Garcinia kola, Glycyrrhiza
glabra, Hemidesmus indicus, Hypericum perforatum, Indigofera tinctoria, Melissa
officinalis, Momordica charantia, Morus alba, Murraya koenigii, Nigella sativa, Ocimum
sanctum, Picrorrhiza kurroa, Piper beetle, Plumbago zeylanica, Premna tomentosa, Punica
granatum, Rubia cordifolia, Sesamum indicum, Sida cordifolia, Swertia decursata, Syzigium
cumini, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia bellarica, Tinospora cordifolia, Trigonella foenum-
graecum, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinalis. There are also a number of ayurvedic
formulations containing ingredients from medicinal plants that show antioxidant activities.
These are Abana, Amrita bindu, C-phycocyanin, Centalaplus, Chapparal, Geriforte, Jigrine,
Liv-52, Maharishi formulations, Muthu marunthu, Ophtacare, P55A, Sandhika, Student
rasayana and Tamra bhasma. There are still a large number of plants and ayurvedic
formulations whose antioxidant activities need to be examined in relation to their potential
therapeutic and related beneficial properties. More recent assays also should be included to
study the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants or their chemical constituents. This will
greatly help in identifying more potent compounds with potential applications in prevention
and/or therapy of human ailments. Newer approaches utilizing collaborative research and
modern technology in combination with established traditional health principles will yield
rich dividends in the near future in improving health, especially among people who do not
have access to the use of costlier western systems of medicine.

Indian Medicinal Plants as a Source of Other Beneficial Compounds

These medicinal plants are also important source of other type of beneficial compounds
including the ingredients for functional foods. These functional foods promote better health
to prevent chronic illness. Some ingredients that make food functional are dietary fibres,
vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, oligosaccharides, essential fatty acids (omega-3), lactic acid
bacteria cultures and lignins. Many of these are present in medicinal plants. Indian systems of
medicine believe that complex diseases can be treated with complex combination of
botanicals unlike in the West, with single drugs. Whole foods are hence used in India as
functional foods rather than supplements. Some medicinal plants and dietary constituents
having functional attributes are spices such as onion, garlic, mustard, red chilli, turmeric,
clove, cinnamon, saffron, curry leaf, fenugreek and ginger. Some herbs such as Bixa
orellana and vegetables like amla, wheat grass, soybean and Garcinia cambogia have
antitumor effects. Other medicinal plants with such functional properties include Aegle
marmelos, Allium cepa, Aloe vera, Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta
indica and Brassica juncea.
D) SOME PROMINENT COMPANIES IN THE AYURVEDA, THEIR
PERFORMANCE / CONTRIBUTION.

There are some companies under the Ayurveda which are as follows:-
1. The Himalaya Drugs Company.

The Himalaya Drug Company is a company established by M Manal in 1930 and

based in Bangalore, India. It produces health care products under the name Himalaya
Herbal Healthcare whose products include ayurvedic ingredients. It is spread across
locations in India, the United States, the Middle East, Asia and Europe. While its
products are sold in 92 countries across the world.
The company has more than 290 researchers that utilize ayurvedic herbs and
minerals. A Hepatic drug, named Liv.52, is its flagship product, first introduced in
1955. Liv.52 to date has now over 215 clinical trials backing it.
Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd. (HGH), is the parent of The Himalaya Drug Company
worldwide. It is also the global headquarters of all Himalaya subsidiaries.

2. Dabur.

Dabur (Dabur India Ltd.) (Devanagari: , derived from Daktar Burman) is

India's largest Ayurvedic medicine & natural consumer products manufacturer. Dabur
was founded in 1884 by SK Burman, a physician in West Bengal, to produce and
dispense Ayurvedic medicines. Burman designed Ayurvedic medication for diseases
such as cholera and malaria. The company forayed into Personal Care category in
1940s with the launch of Dabur Amla hair oil.
Dabur demerged its Pharma business in 2003 and hived it off into a separate company,
Dabur Pharma Ltd. German company Fresenius SE bought a 73.27% equity stake in
Dabur Pharma in June 2008 at Rs 76.50 a share. The German company had also
purchased another 17.62% shares from the market through an open offer at the same
price.
Dabur's Healthcare Division has over 260 products for treating a range of ailments and
body conditions, from common cold to chronic paralysis. Dabur International, a fully
owned subsidiary of Dabur India formerly held shares in the UAE based Weikfield
International, which it sold in June 2012.
3. Organic India.

Organic India is a multi-national company based in Lucknow, India that

produces organic herbal and ayurvedic health products. They are most known for their
line of organically grown tulsi teas that are sold in India, the US, Canada and the UK.
They also have created an organic, non-toxic, herbal version of the colourful dyes used
in India's annual Holi celebration. Organic India operates a retail store
in Maharashtra, India. The company also exports organically-grown flowers,
particularly to Germany.
Organic India works directly with marginal farmers in tribal villages, providing seeds,
fertilizers, organic certification, and the assumption of risk in case of crop failure.
Originating from Uttar Pradesh, they had 50,000 acres (200 km2) of arable land in
U.P., Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh by late 2008.

4. Patanjali Ayurved.

Patanjali Ayurved Limited is an Indian FMCG company. Manufacturing units and

headquarters are located in the industrial area of Haridwar while the registered office is
located at Delhi. The company manufactures mineral and herbal products. It also has
manufacturing units in Nepal under the trademark Nepal Gramudhyog and imports
majority of herbs in India from Himalayas of Nepal. According to CLSA and HSBC,
Patanjali is the fastest growing FMCG company in India. It is valued at 30 billion
(US$470 million) and some predict revenues of 5,000 crore (US$780 million) for the
fiscal 201516. Patanjali declared its annual turnover of the year 2016-17 to be
estimated 10,216 crore (US$1.6 billion). Ramdev baba has stated in his interview
with CNN-News18 that profit from Patanjali Products goes to charity.

5. Vicco Group.

Vicco Group of Companies (Vishnu Industrial Chemical Company) was founded by

late Shri K.V.Pendharkar in 1952. Under umbrella of Vicco Group, Vicco Laboratories
is the manufacturer of Indian Ayurvedic Herbal Medicinal Products like herbal tooth
paste Vicco Vajradanti Paste, an herbal toothpaste Vicco Vajradanti SF Paste, an
herbal tooth powder Vicco Vajradanti powder, a natural turmeric skin cream Vicco
Turmeric skin cream with and without Sandal wood oil, herbal shaving cream Vicco
Turmeric skin cream in shaving cream base, a natural ayurvedic pain relief cream
Vicco Narayan
 2. COMPANY PROFILE

A) Background and Inception of the Himalaya Drugs Company.

The Himalaya Drug Company was founded in 1930 by Mr. M. Manal with a clear vision to
bring Ayurveda to society in a contemporary form and to unravel the mystery behind the
5,000 year old system of medicine. This included referring to ancient ayurvedic texts,
selecting indigenous herbs and subjecting the formulations to modern pharmacological,
toxicological and safety tests to create new drugs and therapies.

Eighty one years ago, on a visit to Burma, Mr. Manal saw restless elephants being fed with a
root to pacify them. The plant from which this was taken is Rauwolfia serpentina. Fascinated
by the plant& apposes effect on elephants, he had it scientifically evaluated. After extensive
research, Serpina, the world& apposes first anti-hypertensive drug, was launched in 1934.
Since its inception, the company has focused on developing safe, natural and innovative
remedies that will help people lead richer, healthier lives. Today, Himalaya products have
been endorsed by 400,000 doctors around the globe and consumers in 90 countries rely on
Himalaya for their health and personal care needs.

Starting off operations in Dehradun way back in the 1930s, the company later spread its
wings to Mumbai and across the country. In 1975, the company set up an advanced
manufacturing facility in Makali, Bengaluru, India. In 1991, the company relocated its R&D
facility to Bengaluru. Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd. (HGH) is the global headquarters of all
Himalaya subsidiaries.
 B) Nature Of The Business Carried Out
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour
and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer
to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied
to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a
large scale. Such finished goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of
other, more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances, furniture, sports
equipment or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers, who then
sell them to end users and consumers.
Manufacturing engineering or manufacturing process are the steps through which raw
materials are transformed into a final product. The manufacturing process begins with the
product design, and materials specification from which the product is made. These materials
are then modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part.
Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required in the production and
integration of a product's components. Some industries, such
as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead.

Production
Himalaya produces quality polyherbal formulations. To monitor quality, many endangered
herbs are grown by the Company on its farmland. The principles of Good Manufacturing
Practices (GMP) are rigorously followed in the plant and the Company prides itself on being
environment friendly. As part of the environment control system, it had installed a modern
effluent treatment plant long before regulations mandated it. A high stress on quality, several
quality circles and special project teams working on Total Quality Management (TQM)
projects make quality a way of life in Himalaya.

The manufacturing plant uses automatic, high-speed punching, coating and filling machines.
The tablet coating facility is one of the largest in India. The plant can produce nearly 5 billion
tablets and 60 million bottles of liquids annually.
This enables Himalaya to produce phytopharmaceuticals with uniform levels of batch-to-
batch consistency. This ensures that the customer gets the same high quality product
regardless of where it is purchased.
 C) Vision, Mission and Quality Policy.
1] Vision
They want to be the most trusted company in scientific herbal health care and most admired
for their ethics, values and commitment to sustainability. At the heart of the Himalaya
mission is the belief that good health should be accessible to everyone, and they strive to
make this possible through their commitment to science-driven herbal health care.
2] Mission
Establish Himalaya as a science-based, problem-solving, head-to-heel brand,
harnessed from natures wealth and characterized by trust and healthy lives.
Develop markets worldwide with an in-depth and long-term approach, maintaining at
each step the highest ethical standards.
Respect, collaborate with and utilize the talents of each member of the Himalaya
family and the local communities where Himalaya products are developed and
consumed to drive their seed-to-shelf policy and to rigorously adopt eco-friendly

3] Quality Policy
Life at Himalaya is about being committed to integrity, accountability, fairness, transparency
and innovation.

Integrity: We value the trust our customers, business partners and other stakeholders have
placed in us. By being truthful, consistent and honest in everything we do, we honor this
trust.
Accountability: We are accountable both internally to our team and externally to our
stakeholders. Systems and processes help us ensure accountability at every step.

Fairness: We remain firmly committed to our rules and are guided by our ethics. This helps
us make impartial decisions and treat all parties fairly.

Transparency: Being open in our dealings is integral to our work ethic. Whether it is
interacting with farmers who grow our herbs, vendors who supply us materials or customers
who buy our products, we believe that transparency helps us make partners for life.

Innovation: Bringing ideas out of the lab and into the real world is the kind of innovation we
pursue. It inspires us to discover new medicines and develop new products that go onto make
life healthier and happier for people.

D] Products Profile of Himalaya

Himalaya Herbal Healthcare has a very wide range of products, which include
"pharmaceuticals, personal care, baby care, wellness, and animal health products."The Neem
Face Wash is one of their most popular and well known products.
1] Pharmaceuticals

Inspired by Ayurveda, Himalaya's pharmaceutical range, promoted exclusively through

doctors, addresses multiple health conditions. Their 60 strong product portfolio includes
therapeutics, wellness products, prescription dermaceuticals and oral health products for men,
women and children.
The information in this section is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical
advice. They urge you not to use the same to diagnose or treat your problem.
Our phytopharmaceutials address lifestyle disorders, chronic illnesses like diabetes and
osteoporosis and life-threatening diseases like Hepatitis B. Our complete range of
preventative care products enhance immunity and assist in the management of health.
Derived from herbs, each product is backed by eight to ten years of research, undergoing
clinical trials, mutagen studies and toxicity tests to ensure safety and efficacy.

Today, Himalaya is ranked thirty-one amongst 500 top pharmaceutical companies in India.
Our brands, Liv.52, Cystone, Bonnisan and Septilin are leaders in their categories. In fact,
Liv.52, a hepato-protective, is the only herbal medicine to be ranked amongst the top ten
bestselling medicines in the country.

2] Personal care

Himalaya's personal care range was born out of the research strength of our pharmaceutical
products. By bringing the credibility of our pharmaceutical research to our personal care
portfolio, we offer solution-based products that cater to your daily personal care needs. The
range offers the goodness of natural solutions for everyday use, with no side effects. Made
from herbs that are gentle and safe, our range includes skincare, hair care, oral care and
healthcare products.

3] Baby care
Himalaya's doctor-endorsed baby care range of products is produced using naturally derived
ingredients. They are developed and tested to be mild to support baby's delicate skin, hair
eyes. Babys hygiene and comfort are kept as our topmost priority. The products help address
conditions like diaper rash and infantile dry skin. Specially designed baby care products are
divided into 'Pre-Bath', 'Bath' and 'Post-Bath' categories.
4] Wellness

Our lives have undergone epic transformations in comparison to our ancestors and so have
the type and number of health issues we face as a society today. While technological
innovations have no doubt made our life easier, these advances have also given rise to a host
of lifestyle disorders. From hair loss to vision problems, cardiac issues, gastric disorders,
carpal tunnel syndrome, anxiety and insomnia, the list is lengthy and growing day by day.
The healthcare industry never goes to sleep because of the numerous ailments battling for the
attention of scientists and medical professionals. While our choices have become highly
specific, so have the ailments that assail our society.
At Himalaya, our research is propelled by a compelling need to give people a healthier life.
Providing society with a better quality of life through head-to-heel wellness has always been
our niche and passion. Their wellness solutions address a wide spectrum of medical issues
from preventive care to health management. For example, a common cough and cold,
especially before a change of seasons, can easily be prevented by taking Tulsi every day.

While a bouquet of options exist to treat illness, natural herbal supplements can safely
augment the body's healing and rebuilding process, working in conjunction with traditional
medicine or as a primary option for treatment. With the availability of solutions that are
natural and safe, people have a choice to take control of their healing and lead a happier,
healthier life.
5] Animal Health

Himalaya believes that natural health solutions work best for animals too. To this end, they
offer herbal remedies and daily care products for animals, specifically livestock, poultry,
aquaculture and pets. Their range comprises calcium supplement for bone development in
animals, herbal feed supplement for fish, livestock and poultry and natural grooming products
for your beloved pets.

E] Area of Operation
Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd. (HGH) is the parent of The Himalaya Drug Company
worldwide. The Himalaya Drug Company is in the business of providing scientifically
validated head-to-heel herbal solutions for the entire family. HGH is the owner of the
trademarks and patents, which are licensed to and used by The Himalaya Drug Company in
the manufacture of its products. It is spread across locations in India, the United States, the
Middle East, Asia and Europe. While its products are sold in 92 countries across the world.
Global business refers to international trade whereas a global business is a company doing
business across the world. The exchange of goods over great distances goes back a very long
time. Anthropologists have already established long-distance trading in Europe in the Stone
Age. Sea-borne trading was commonplace in many regions of the world in times predating
Greek civilization. Such trade, of course, was not by definition "global" but had the same
characteristics. In the 16th century all of the continents came to be routinely linked by ocean-
based communications. Trading activity in the modern sense rapidly followed at the
beginning of the 17th century; it might be more accurate to say that it "returned" again
because trading of such character had taken place in Roman times as well.
It is not intended here to discuss another and related subject covered separately in this
volume: globalization. Globalization is a long-standing program advocated by the
economically advanced nations to free up international trade across the globe through
treaties. It has also come to mean the relocation of production or service activities to places
that have much lower labour costs. Global business in the pastor currentlydoes not
require what advocates of globalization seek, namely a so-called level playing field.
International trade has always had a mixed character in which national organizations and
private enterprises have both participated, in which monopolies have been imposed,
frequently defended by armed forces, in which all manner of restraints and tariffs have been
common and participants have made all sorts of efforts to counter such interference or to
profit from it.
F] Organizational Structure

M. Manal
[Founder]

Syed Farooq Haydon Philipe

Meraj Alim Manal Jayshree Ullal
Ahmed Joseph
[Director] [Director]
[Director] [Director]
G] Ownership Pattern.

H] Infrastructural facilities, Technology used.

I] Financial Condition.

Turnover:

Profitability

J] Achievement Award.

The legacy of researching nature forms the foundation of Himalaya's operations. Himalaya
has pioneered the use of modern science to rediscover and validate ayurveda's
secrets. Cutting edge technology is employed to create pharmaceutical-grade ayurvedic
products. As a confirmation that Himalaya is dedicated to providing the highest quality and
consistency in herbal care, the Company was awarded an ISO 9001:2000 certification in
2003.

Recently Himalaya Baby Care

K] Scope of Improving/ growth to gain more market share/ be competitive.

 PART-III

SWOT Analysis

STRENGHTS
The Himalaya drug companys financial backup is strong.
They have well Qualified staff
They are providing their customers what they want.
Targeting both urban and rural markets.
Eco friendly herbal products.
Use of natural fluoride in place of fluoride used up by other companies.
WEAKNESSES
Due to high prices of the product it may be unaffordable for people of rural areas to
pay for the product.
Ayurvedic product.
Giant competitors in the market like Colgate, Pepsodent that are already establish in
the market.
OPPORTUNITIES
High investments and growth.
As it is a daily usable commodity so company is using intensive distribution
technology, so that it will available at every shop due to which sales of companys
product will be increased day by day.
World over natural and traditional approaches to products are being welcomed.
As the world is becoming global village so company had also opportunities to grow
globally.
THREATS
As the company is entering into new market and launching a new product so there
might be a chances of failure of the product.
Company have to face lots and lots of competitions from the competitor already
present in the market.
It is an ayurvedic product and there are so many international companies present in
the market so it is a threat for the company.

PART-IV
1. Findings
2. Learning Experience