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Keywords: Microspheres, controlled release, sustained release, target site, therapeutic efficacy, novel drug
delivery.
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INTRODUCTION
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
subjected to the determination of active The dosage form in this method is made to
constituents as per monograph requirement adhere at the bottom of the beaker containing
[9]. The percent encapsulation efficiency is the medium and stirred uniformly using over
calculated using following equation: head stirrer. Volume of the medium used in
% Entrapment = Actual the literature for the studies varies from 50-
content/Theoretical content x 100 500 ml and the stirrer speed form 60-300
ANGLE OF CONTACT rpm [9, 16, 17, 18, 19].
DISSOLUTION APPARATUS
The angle of contact is measured to
determine the wetting property of a micro Standard USP or BP dissolution apparatus
particulate carrier. It determines the nature have been used to study in vitro release
of microspheres in terms of hydrophilicity profiles using both rotating elements,
or hydrophobicity. This thermodynamic paddle [20, 21, 22 and basket 23, 24].
property is specific to solid and affected by Dissolution medium used for the study
the presence of the adsorbed component. varied from 100-500 ml and speed of
The angle of contact is measured at the rotation from 50-100 rpm.
solid/air/water interface. The advancing and
receding angle of contact are measured by ADVANTAGES
placing a droplet in a circular cell mounted Reliable means to deliver the drug
above objective of inverted microscope. to the target site with specificity, if
Contact angle is measured at 200C within a modified, and to maintain the
minute of deposition of microspheres [9]. desired concentration at the site of
interest without untoward effects.
IN VITRO METHODS
Solid biodegradable microspheres
There is a need for experimental methods have the potential throughout the
which allow the release characteristics and particle matrix for the controlled
permeability of a drug through membrane release of drug.
to be determined. For this purpose, a Microspheres received much
number of in vitro and in vivo techniques attention not only for prolonged
release, but also for targeting of
have been reported. In vitro drug release
studies have been employed as a quality anticancer drugs to the tumour.
control procedure in pharmaceutical The size, surface charge and
production, in product development etc. surface hydrophilicity of
microspheres have been found to be
Sensitive and reproducible release data
important in determining the fate of
derived from physico chemically and hydro
particles in vivo.
dynamically defined conditions are
Studies on the macrophage uptake
necessary. The influence of technologically
of microspheres have demonstrated
defined conditions and difficulty in
their potential in targeting drugs to
simulating in vivo conditions has led to
pathogens residing intracellularly
development of a number of in vitro release
[9].
methods for buccal formulations; however
no standard in vitro method has yet been CONCLUSION
developed. Different workers have used The microencapsulation technique offers a
apparatus of varying designs and under variety of opportunities such as protection
varying conditions, depending on the shape and masking, reduced dissolution rate,
and application of the dosage form facilitation of handling, and spatial
developed[25,2627,28]. targeting of the active ingredient. This
approach facilitates accurate delivery of
BEAKER METHOD
small quantities of potent drugs; reduced
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Venkatesan P. et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.1(4), 2009, 26-35.
drug concentrations at sites other than the extraction / evaporation method. Journal
target organ or tissue; and protection of of Controlled Release 69 (2000) 8196
13. Rao MRP, Borate SG, Thanki KC,
labile compounds before and after Ranpise AA and Parikh GN, Development
administration and prior to appearance at and in vitro evaluation of floating
the site of action. In future by combining rosiglitazone maleate microspheres, Drug
various other approaches, development and Industrial
microencapsulation technique will find the pharmacy,2009;35(7):834-842.
14. R.E. Kesting, Synthetic Polymeric
vital place in novel drug delivery system. Membranes, A Structural Perspective, A
Wiley-Interscience Publication, 2nd
Edition, Wiley, 1985.
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