Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1) The thermodynamic parameters at 298 K for the following reaction are given below.
gas phase
CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3CH2Cl H = -64.9 kJ mol-1
S = -131 J K-1 mol-1
G = -25.8 kJ mol-1
Which of the following statements is true of the reaction?
Answer: C
2) The interaction of the bond of an alkene with an electrophile can initially result in the
formation of a species termed a complex. Which of these cannot combine with an alkene to
form a complex?
A) H+
B) NH3
C) Ag+
D) Hg2+
E) BF3
Answer: B
1
A) initial attack by an iodide ion.
B) initial attack by an iodine atom.
C) isomerization of 2-iodo-2-methylbutene.
D) formation of a carbocation at C-2.
E) formation of carbocation at C-3.
Answer: D
HI
A) I
+ enantiomer
B) I
+ enantiomer
C) I
I
+ enantiomer
D)
I
+ enantiomer
E)
Answer: A
2
HCl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
I II III
Cl
Cl
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: B
I II III
H 3C Cl Cl
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: C
3
Section: 8.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
7) How many compounds are possible from the addition of bromine to CH2=CHCH2CH3
(counting stereoisomers separately)?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Five
Answer: B
8) (R)-3-Chloro-1-butene reacts with HCl by Markovnikov addition, and the products are
separated by gas chromatography. How many total fractions would be obtained and how many
would be optically active?
Answer: B
HBr
+ enantiomer
A) Br
4
+ enantiomer
B) Br
Br
+ enantiomer
C)
+ enantiomer
D) Br
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: C
HCl
A) Cl
B) Cl
C) Cl
D) Cl
Cl
E)
Answer: E
5
Difficulty Level: Medium
HBr
Br
A)
Br
B)
+ enantiomer
C) Br
Br
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: D
12) What product would you expect from addition of deuterium chloride to 2-cyclohexyl-4-
methyl-2-pentene?
Cl D
D
D H Cl
Cl
I II III
Cl
D D
Cl
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
6
E) V
Answer: B
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) I and IV
D) V
E) All of these choices are equally likely to be formed.
Answer: A
14) Consider the addition of HCl to 3-methyl-1-butene. The major product of the reaction would
be:
A) 1-Chloro-2-methylbutane
B) 1-Chloro-3-methylbutane
C) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
D) 2-Chloro-3-methylbutane
E) 1-Chloropentane
Answer: C
7
15) What are possible products for the following reaction?
HBr
Br
A)
Br
+ enantiomer
B)
Br
C)
D) Two of these choices.
E) None of these choices.
Answer: D
16) What are the major product(s) formed by treating treating methylcyclopentene with HBr and
MeO-OMe?
A) I
A) II
B) III
C) Two of these choices.
D) None of these choices.
8
Answer: D
2. NaCN, DMSO
A) CN
CN + enantiomer
B) Cl
CN + enantiomer
C) CN
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: E
2. t-BuOK, t-BuOH
A)
B)
9
C)
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: B
2. t-BuOK, t-BuOH
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) O
Answer: C
10
Cl 1. t-BuOK, t-BuOH
2. HBr
Br
A)
Br
Br
B)
C) Br
Br
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
Answer: C
22) What is the chief product of the reaction of IBr with 2-methyl-2-pentene?
A) 2-bromo-3-iodo-2-methylpentane
B) 3-bromo-2-iodo-2-methylpentane
11
C) 1-bromo-2-iodo-2-methylpentane
D) 2-bromo-1-iodo-2-methylpentane
E) All of these choices.
Answer: A
23) Treating 1-methylcyclohexene with H3O+ would yield primarily which of these?
HO HO
HO
I II III
HO
OH
IV V
A) I and V
B) II
C) III and V
D) IV
E) I, III, and V
Answer: D
24) What is the product(s) formed by treating 3,3 dimethylcyclopentene with H3O+ and heating?
12
A) I only
B) II and IV
C) I and III
D) IV and V
E) none of these choices
Answer: B
25) Which product would you expect from the following reaction?
H3O+
H2O
OH
OH
OH
I II III
OH
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
13
E) V
Answer: D
A) 2,5-dimethyl-1-hexanol
B) 2,5-dimethyl-2-hexanol
C) 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanol
D) 2,5-dimethyl-2,3-hexanediol
E) 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-hexanediol
Answer: B
A) (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3
B) CH2OHCH(CH3)CH2CH3
C) (CH3)2CHCHOHCH3
D) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
E) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH
Answer: A
28) When either cis- or trans-2-butene is treated with hydrogen chloride in ethanol, the product
mixture that results includes:
A) CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
B) CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3
C) CH3CH2CH(CH3)OCH2CH3
D) (CH3)3CCl
14
E) (CH3)2CHCH2OCH2CH3
Answer: C
29) Which alkene would you expect to be most reactive toward acid-catalyzed hydration?
A) 1-pentene
B) trans-2-pentene
C) cis-2-pentene
D) 2-methyl-1-butene
E) All of these would be equally reactive.
Answer: D
a. Hg(OAc)2, H2O
b. NaBH4, NaOH
A)
OH
+ enantiomer
B)
C) OH
HO
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
15
Answer: B
31) What is the product(s) formed by treating 3,3 dimethyl-1-cyclopentene with Hg(OAc)2 in
THF/water followed by treatment with NaBH4 in NaOH(aq)?
HO HO
HO
+ enantiomer + enantiomer + enantiomer
I II III
OH
HO HO
A) I only
B) II and IV
C) I and III
D) IV and V
E) none of these choices
Answer: C
a. Hg(OAc)2, H2O
b. NaBH4, NaOH
16
O
A) O
+ enantiomer
B) OH
OH
C)
+ enantiomer
D) OH
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
a. Hg(OAc)2, H2O
b. NaBH4, NaOH
OH
+ enantiomer
A)
OH
+ enantiomer
B) OH
OH
+ enantiomer
C)
17
+ enantiomer
D) HO
OH
+ enantiomer
E)
Answer: D
+ enantiomer
A) O
+ enantiomer
B) O
OH
C)
O
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: D
18
35) What is the major product for the following reaction?
A) O
B)
O
C)
HO
+ CO2
D) O
HO
E)
Answer: B
OCH3
A)
OH
B)
19
OCH3
C)
OH
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: A
A) OH
B) OH
C) O
HO
D)
HO
E)
Answer: B
20
38) What is the major product of the following reaction sequence?
1. EtOH, EtONa, heat
Cl 2a. BH3:THF
2b. H2O2, NaOH
A) HO
+ enantiomer
B) OH
+ enantiomer
C) OH
D)
E) An equal mixture of two of these choices.
Answer: C
2a. BH 3:THF
2b. H 2O 2, NaOH
OH
A)
B) O
21
C) HO
D)
OH
E)
Answer: E
A) O
CHO
CHO
B)
OH OH
+ enantiomer
C)
O
CHO
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: D
22
41) Which of the following would be produced upon ozonolysis of camphene?
1) O3
2) Me2S
Camphene
CH3
O
O
CO2
II III
I
OH
OH
CH2O
V
IV
A) I, II, V
B) II, III
C) I, V
D) II, V
E) III, IV
Answer: C
A) O
23
OH
B) OH
O
C) O
CHO
D) CHO
E) None of these choices.
Answer: A
a. BH3:THF
b. H2O2, NaOH
OH
+ enantiomer
A)
B)
C) OH
H
+ HCHO
D) O
24
E) OH
Answer: E
a. BH3:THF
b. H2O2, NaOH
HO
A)
O
+ CO2
B) OH
C)
OH
+ enantiomer
D)
OH
+ enantiomer
E) OH
Answer: A
a. BH3:THF
b. H2O2, NaOH
HO
A)
25
HO
+ enantiomer
B)
HO
+ enantiomer
C)
OH
+ enantiomer
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: B
a. BH3:THF
b. H2O2, NaOH
+ enantiomer
OH
A) OH
O
B) O
+ enantiomer
C) OH
D) OH
+ enantiomer
E) OH
26
Answer: E
a. BH3:THF
b. H2O2, NaOH
+ enantiomer
A) OH
B) OH
OH
+ enantiomer
C)
D) All of these choices are major products.
E) A mixture of two of these choices.
Answer: E
a. BD3:THF
b. CH3CO2D
+ enantiomer
A) OH
+ enantiomer
B) D
27
+ enantiomer
D D
C)
+ enantiomer
D D
D)
E) D
Answer: D
a. BH3:THF
b. CH3CO2D
+ enantiomer
A) D
OH + enantiomer
B)
D + enantiomer
C)
O2CCH3 + enantiomer
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
50) How many of the products shown below are possible in the following reaction?
28
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) All of them.
E) None of them.
Answer: C
I II III IV
29
C) Equal amounts of III and IV.
D) I and II as major products, III and IV as minor products.
E) All of these choices in equal amounts.
Answer: A
C 2H 5 C 2 H5 C2 H5 C2 H5
H 3C Br Br CH3 H3C Br Br CH3
H Br Br H Br H H Br
C 3H 7 C 3 H7 C3 H7 C3 H7
I II III IV
Answer: A
A) be a racemic form and, in their most stable conformation, they would have both bromine
atoms equatorial.
B) be a racemic form and, in their most stable conformation, they would have one bromine atom
equatorial and one axial.
C) be a meso compound and, in its most stable conformation, it would have both bromine atoms
equatorial.
D) be a meso compound and, in its most stable conformation, it would have one bromine atom
equatorial and one axial.
30
E) be a pair of diastereomers and, in their most stable conformation, one would have the
bromines equatorial and axial, and the other would have the bromines equatorial and equatorial.
Answer: A
54) Compound X has the molecular formula C6H10. X decolorizes bromine in carbon
tetrachloride. X also shows IR absorption at about 3300 cm-1. When treated with excess
hydrogen and a nickel catalyst, X yields 2-methylpentane. The most likely structure for X is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: D
A)
B)
31
C)
D) Br
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: B
Answer: D
57) A synthetic strategy for converting trans-2-butene into pure cis-2-butene would consist of
which of the following?
Answer: D
32
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Br2, CCl4
Br
+ enantiomer
A) Br
Br
+ enantiomer
B) Br
Br
+ enantiomer
C)
+ enantiomer
D) Br
Br Br
E) Br Br
Answer: B
2. Br2, CCl4
Br
+ enantiomer
A) Br
33
Br
+ enantiomer
B) Br
Br
+ enantiomer
C)
+ enantiomer
D) Br
Br Br
E) Br Br
Answer: B
Answer: B
61) The reaction of BrCl (bromine monochloride) with 1-methylcyclopentene will produce
which of the following as the predominant product:
34
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2Cl
Br Br Cl Br
Cl
Cl Br Cl Br
+ + + + +
enantiomer enantiomer enantiomer enantiomer enantiomer
I II III IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: D
62) Which of these compounds will react with cold concd. H2SO4, as well as Br2 in CCl4?
A) CH3CH2CH=CHCH3
B) CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2
C) CH3CH2CCCH3
D) (CH3)2CHCCH
E) All of these choices.
Answer: E
35
Br2/CCl4 Br2/H2O
trans-2-Butene cis-2-Pentene
I II
D2/Pd
1-Methylcyclohexene
III
Answer: E
Br2, CCl4
A) Br
Br + enantiomer
B) Br
+ enantiomer
Br
C) Br
36
D) Br
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: B
Cl2, CCl4
Cl
A)
Cl
+ enantiomer
B) Cl
Cl
+ enantiomer
C) Cl
Cl
+ enantiomer
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: C
66) What are the major product(s) formed by treating 1,2-dimethyl cyclopentene with Br2?
37
Bt
Br Br
Br
Br Br
I II III
H
H
Br
Br
IV V
A) I,II
B) II, III
C) IV, V
D) I, III
E) None of these choices.
Answer: D
A) I and II
B) II and V
C) III and IV
D) IV and V
E) V
Answer: C
38
Topic: Reaction Products
Section: 8.11, 8.12
Difficulty Level: Medium
68) The reaction of Br2/CCl4 to cyclohexene would produce the compound(s) represented by
structure(s):
H H H
H Br Br
Br Br Br
Br H H
I II III
A) I alone
B) II alone
C) II and III
D) III alone
E) I, II, and II
Answer: C
69) Which of these is not a possible product when cyclopentene reacts with an aqueous solution
of bromine?
Br OH Br Br OH
OH Br Br Br OH
I II III IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: E
39
70) What would be the major product of the following reaction?
Br2, H2O
?
Br Br OH Br OH
OH Br Br Br OH
I II III IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: A
Cl2, H2O
Cl
A) OH
OH
+ enantiomer
B) Cl
Cl
C) OH
OH
Cl
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: E
40
Topic: Reaction Products
Section: 8.13
Difficulty Level: Easy
72) Which of these compounds belongs to the class of substances commonly known as
"halohydrins"?
A) BrCH2CH2Cl
B) ClCH2CO2H
C) ICH2CH2OH
D) FCH2CH2NH2
E) HOCH2COCl
Answer: C
Br2, H2O
+ enantiomer
HO
A) Br
+ enantiomer
HO
B) OH
+ enantiomer
Br
C) OH
+ enantiomer
HO
D) Br
41
+ enantiomer
Br
E) OH
Answer: A
Br2, CH3OH
OH
+ enantiomer
A) Br
OCH3
+ enantiomer
B) Br
Br
+ enantiomer
C) H3CO
OCH3
+ enantiomer
D) Br
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: D
42
1. Br2, H2O
2. NaH, THF
Br + enantiomer
A) OH
O- Na+ + enantiomer
B) Br
OH + enantiomer
C) Br
O + enantiomer
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: D
76) Which of these compounds is not formed when gaseous ethene is bubbled into an aqueous
solution of bromine, sodium chloride and sodium nitrate?
A) BrCH2CH2Br
B) BrCH2CH2Cl
C) BrCH2CH2OH
D) ClCH2CH2OH
E) BrCH2CH2ONO2
Answer: D
43
CHCl3
t-BuOK
Cl
Cl
+ enantiomer
A)
B)
Cl + enantiomer
C) Cl
Cl
Cl + enantiomer
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: A
2. t-BuOK, CHCl3
Cl Cl
+ enantiomer
A)
Cl
+ enantiomer
B) Cl
Cl
+ enantiomer
C) Cl
44
Cl Cl
+ enantiomer
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: A
I2CH2
Zn(Cu)
I I
A)
B)
I
C)
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: D
45
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: C
81) Which reagent(s) given below could be used to synthesize cis-1,2-cycloheptanediol from
cycloheptene?
Answer: A
82) Which set of reagents might be used to convert bromocyclohexane into cis-1,2-
cyclohexanediol?
Answer: B
83) Cyclohexene is treated with cold dilute alkaline KMnO4. Assuming syn addition, the spatial
arrangement of the two hydroxyl groups in the product would be:
A) equatorial-axial
B) axial-axial
C) equatorial-equatorial
D) coplanar
E) Trans
Answer: A
I II III IV
Answer: A
85) 3,3-dimethylcyclohexene is subjected to reaction with cold, dilute KMnO4, to give 3,3-
dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediol. In the most stable conformation of the product, the hydroxyl
groups would be:
A) both axial
B) both equatorial
C) axial-equatorial
D) coplanar
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
86) An optically active compound, Y, with the molecular formula C7H12 gives a positive test with
cold dilute KMnO4 and shows IR absorption at about 3300 cm-1. On catalytic hydrogenation, Y
yields Z(C7H16) and Z is also optically active. Which is a possible structure for Y?
A) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CCH
B) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CCH
C) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CCH
D) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CCCH3
E) CH2=CHCH(CH3)CH2CH=CH2
Answer: C
87) An optically active compound, A, with the molecular formula C7H12 reacts with cold dilute
KMnO4 and gives IR absorption at about 3300 cm-1. On catalytic hydrogenation, A is converted
to B (C7H16) and B is also optically active. Which is a possible structure for A?
48
I II III
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: E
88) Which alkene would react with cold dilute alkaline permanganate solution to form an
optically inactive and irresolvable product?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: C
49
1. NaOEt, HOEt, heat
Cl
2. KMnO4, NaOH, cold
O
+
A) O OH
OH + CO2
B) O
+ enantiomer
OH
C) OH
+ enantiomer
D) OH OH
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: C
H2 i. OsO4
2-Butyne C4H8 Final Product
Ni2B (P-2) ii. NaHSO4
H H HO H H OH HO H
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
I II III IV
A) I
50
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) An equimolar mixture of III and IV.
Answer: B
91) Which of the following reagents might serve as the basis for a simple chemical test that
would distinguish between pure 1-pentene and pure pentane?
Answer: D
92) Which reagent or test could be used to distinguish between 2-methyl-2-pentene and 2-
methylpentane?
A) Br2/CCl4
B) KMnO4, OH
C) Concd. H2SO4
D) Two of these choices.
E) All of these choices.
Answer: E
51
Br2/CCl4
A) cis-2-Butene
H2/Pd
B) cis-2-Butene
i) OsO 4
cis-2-Butene
C) ii) NaHSO3
dil KMnO 4
trans-2-Butene
D) 5 oC
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
A) Cyclopentene + Br2/CCl4
B) Cyclopentene + OsO4, then NaHSO3
C) Cyclopentene + H3O+
D) Cyclopentene + Cl2, H2O
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: B
Answer: C
52
96) Which of the following reactions would yield the final product as a racemic form?
Answer: A
Br2 Br
II
Br
OH
III KMnO4
OH
H
D2/Ni D
IV
D
H
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) None of these choices.
Answer: A
53
98) Which reaction would yield a racemic product?
A) Cyclopentene + D2/Pt
B) Cyclopentene + OsO4, then Na2SO3
C) Cyclopentene + Br2/H2O
D) Cyclopentene + cold, dilute KMnO4
E) Cyclopentene + dilute H2SO4
Answer: C
A) Hydroboration/oxidation
B) Bromination
C) Oxidation with cold KMnO4
D) Hydrogenation
E) Oxymercuration-demercuration
Answer: B
a. OsO4, pyridine
b. H2O, NaHSO3
OH
+ enantiomer
A) OH
OH
+ enantiomer
B) OH
54
O
H
+
H
O
C)
D) CH3CO2H + (CH3)2CHCO2H
E) None of these choices.
Answer: A
OH
HO
A)
OH
HO
B)
Br
+ enantiomer
C) HO
O O
+
D) H
E) None of these choices.
Answer: E
102) The most resistant compound to the action of hot alkaline KMnO4 is:
55
A) Pentane
B) 1-Pentene
C) 2-Pentene
D) 2-Pentyne
E) Cyclopentene
Answer: A
b. H3O+
O
OH
HO + enantiomer
O
A)
HO
HO + enantiomer
B)
O
OH
HO
C) O
O
H
D) O
O
OH
E) O
Answer: E
56
Difficulty Level: Medium
104) Which alkene would yield only CH3CH2COOH on oxidation with hot alkaline potassium
permanganate (followed by acid work-up)?
A) (E)-2-hexene
B) (Z)-2-hexene
C) 2-methyl-2-pentene
D) (E)-3-hexene
E) (E)-4-methyl-2-pentene
Answer: D
105) Determine a possible structure for an alkene, X, formula C9H14, on the basis of the
following information: X adds one mole of hydrogen on catalytic hydrogenation. On treatment
with hot basic KMnO4 followed by acidification, X yields the following dicarboxylic acid.
HO O
O OH
I II III
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: C
57
Section: 4.16, 8.16
Difficulty Level: Hard
106) Which of the following reactions of cyclobutene would yield a meso product?
Answer: D
Answer: B
b. Me2S
OH
+ enantiomer
A) OH
58
O
HO
B) O
O
C) O
O
H
H
D) O
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
109) An unknown compound X was subjected to ozonolysis and was found to the following
products. Determine which of the following compounds listed below could be the unknown X?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: E
59
Topic: Structure Elucidation
Section: 4.16, 8.16
Difficulty Level: Hard
b. Me2S
CO2H + CO2
A)
SMe2
B)
OH
+ enantiomer
C) OH
CHO + HCHO
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: D
i. O3 H
? ii. Zn, HOAc +
O H O
A) 4-Hexen-1-yne
R
B) 3-methyl-1-hexene
C) (E)-2-hexene
D) (Z)-2-hexene
E) 4-methyl-1-pentene
Answer: E
60
Section: 8.16
Difficulty Level: Medium
b. Me2S
HO
A)
O
(Racemic)
B)
O
+ CO2
C)
O
+ HCHO
D)
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: D
113) Ozonolysis of compound Z yields the products shown below. What is the structure of Z?
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O O O
1) O3
Z 2HCH + CH3CCH2CH
2) Zn, HOAc
I II III
O
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: B
114) An alkene with the molecular formula C10H18 is treated with ozone and then with zinc and
acetic acid. The only product isolated from these reactions is:
O
O
I II III
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
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D) IV
E) V
Answer: C
115) Consider the ozonolysis products obtained from all the unbranched and unsymmetrical
isomers of heptene. The reaction product in each case would consist of:
A) a single aldehyde.
B) an aldehyde and a ketone.
C) two different ketones.
D) two different aldehydes.
E) a single ketone.
Answer: D
CH3
CH3CH=C-CHCH2CH3 (cis or trans)
A) CH3
CH3
CH3CH2C=CCH3 (cis or trans)
B) CH2CH3
CH3
CH2=CCH2CHCH2CH3
C) CH3
CH2
CH3CH2CCHCH2CH3
D) CH3
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CH3
CH3CH2CHCHCH=CH2
E) CH3
Answer: B
117) Compound C has the molecular formula C7H12. On catalytic hydrogenation, 1 mol of C
absorbs 1 mol of hydrogen and yields a compound with the molecular formula C7H14. On
ozonolysis and subsequent treatment with zinc and acetic acid, C yields only:
O
O
I II III
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: E
118) An alkene with the molecular formula C8H16 undergoes ozonolysis to yield a mixture of
(CH3)2C=O and (CH3)3CCHO. The alkene is:
A) 2,2-Dimethyl-2-hexene
B) 2,3-Dimethyl-2-hexene
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C) 2,4-Dimethyl-2-hexene
D) 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene
E) More than one of these choices is a possible answer.
Answer: D
OH
+ enantiomer
OH
A)
O
H
H
B) O
O
C) O
O
OH
HO
D) O
+ CO2
E) O
Answer: C
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1. t-BuOK, t-BuOH
Cl
O
+ HCHO
A)
O
H
B) O
OH
OH
C)
OH + enantiomer
D) OH
E) None of these choices.
Answer: A
121) One mole of an optically active compound, X, with the molecular formula C6H8 reacts with
three moles of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to yield an optically inactive product that
cannot be resolved. X also exhibits IR absorption at approximately 3300 cm-1. Which is a
possible structure for X?
A) (E)-4-hexen-1-yne
B) (Z)-4-hexen-1-yne
C) (E)-2-hexen-4-yne
D) 2-methyl-1-penten-3-yne
E) 3-methyl-1-penten-4-yne
Answer: E
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122) What is the major product of the following reaction sequence?
1. Li, CH3CH2NH2, -78 oC
OH
+ enantiomer
A) OH
+ HCHO
B) CHO
+ CO2
C) CO2H
D) OH
E) More than one of these choices.
Answer: B
123) Select the structure of the major product formed in the following reaction.
2 Cl2
?
Cl Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
I II III
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
IV V
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A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: C
124) Select the structure of the major product formed in the following reaction.
2 HCl
?
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
I II III
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
IV V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
Answer: D
A) CH3CH2CH2CHCl2
B) CH3CH2CCl2CH3
C) CH3CH2CHClCH2Cl
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D) CH3CH2CH=CHCl
E) CH3CHClCHClCH3
Answer: B
2-methyl-3,3-dichloroheptane 2-methyl-2,3-dichloroheptane
I II
2-methyl-4,4-dichloroheptane 2-methyl-3,4-dichloroheptane
III IV
2-methyl-3-chloroheptene
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II and IV
D) V
E) All of these choices.
Answer: B
127) The conversion of ethylene to vinyl bromide can be accomplished by use of these reagents
in the order indicated.
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E) (1) HBr; (2) H2SO4
Answer: B
2. HCl (1 equiv)
Cl
Br
A)
Br
Cl
B)
Cl Br
C)
Cl
D) Br
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
b. H3O+
70
OH
A) OH
CHO
+ HCHO
B)
CO2H
+ CO2
C)
CO2H
D)
E) None of these choices.
Answer: C
130) An unknown compound, A, has the molecular formula C7H12. On oxidation with hot
aqueous potassium permanganate, A yields CH3CH2COOH and (CH3)2CHCOOH. Which of the
following structures best represents A?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: C
131) What compound would yield an equimolar mixture of CH3CH2CH2CHO and CH3CHO
upon treatment with O3, followed by Zn/HOAc?
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A) 1-Hexene
B) cis-2-Hexene
C) trans-2-Hexene
D) More than one of these choices.
E) None of these choices.
Answer: D
132) Which of the following could be used as the basis for a simple test that would distinguish
between 1-pentyne and pentane?
A) IR examination
B) Br2/CCl4
C) KMnO4/H2O
D) Two of these choices.
E) All of these choices.
Answer: E
133) Which reagent or test could be used to distinguish between 3-pentyne and 1-pentyne?
A) Br2/CCl4
B) IR examination
C) Concd. H2SO4
D) KMnO4,OH-
E) None of these choices.
Answer: B
134) A reagent or test that could be used to distinguish between 1-pentene and 1-pentyne would
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be:
Answer: E
135) Which of the following could be used to distinguish between 1-octyne and 3-octyne?
Answer: E
A) H2, Pt
B) Br2
C) NH3
D) H2SO4
E) KMnO4/H2O
Answer: C
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137) The reason why anti-Markovnikov addition is seen in the hydration of alkenes using
hydroboration-oxidation conditions is due to steric interactions with the boron group attaching to
the less substituted carbon more easily.
Answer: True
138) The yields for an acid catalyzed hydration of an alkene can be increased by using dilute
acid as this will help drive the equilibrium to products.
Answer: True
139) Due to the formation of a mercurinium ion in hydration of an alkene using oxymercuration-
demercuration, we see overall anti-product form making this reaction stereospecific.
Answer: False
Topic: Oxymercuration-Demercuration
Section: 8.5
Difficulty Level: Hard
140) In halohydrin formation the reason why the halohydrin is the major product is because the
solvent is more reactive that the bromide nucleophile.
Answer: False
Topic: Halohydrins
Section: 8.13
Difficulty Level: Easy
141) Potassium permanganate is usually a preferred reagent for oxidative cleavage to form
aldehyde, as it is a much milder and less toxic reagent than osmium tetroxide.
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Answer: False
bonds are quite susceptible to reaction with electron-seeking reagents, also referred to as
___.
Answer: electrophiles
143) The rule that correctly predicts the regiochemistry of most ionic additions to alkenes is
called ___.
144) The introduction of a small amount of a peroxide to a hydrogen halide addition of an alkene
will result in a(n) ___ addition where the hydrogen in the addition appears adds to the carbon
with the ___ number of hydrogens.
145) Provide a mechanistic explanation for the following observation: The same major product is
obtained when 2-ethyl-1-hexene and 3-methyl-2-heptene are allowed to react with HCl.
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HCl
Cl
HCl
most stable
carbocation
Answer:
146) Give a mechanistic explanation for the formation of the following product in significant
yield. What other product(s) might also be obtained? Explain clearly.
HI I
H+ + fast I I
+
+ I
I
Answer:
The regioselective addition of a proton first generates a secondary carbocation, which can
undergo rearrangement to a more stable 3o carbocation by two alternate pathways. One pathway
results in ring expansion to a more stable 5-membered ring. This pathway is thus more likely,
which would then lead to the observed product. The other pathway is less likely, since ring strain
is not relieved; however, this could lead to a minor product, as shown above.
147) Propose a mechanism for the following transformation accounting for the stereochemistry
76
in the final product:
H+, H2O
OH
Eucalyptol
Ans:
H H
O
H
HO
O
H+
OH
148) When a reaction that could potentially yield two or more constitutional isomers instead
produces only one as the major product, the reaction is said to be ___.
Answer: regioselective
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149) Hydroboration-oxidation is a reaction with ___ stereochemistry and ___ regiochemistry.
Br H H
NaOC2H5 E-3-methyl-2-hexene
H3C H C2H5OH CH3
Hydroboration/oxidation:
(E2: anti
(2R,3R) overall
elimination)
Anti-Markovnikov,
syn addition of H2O
H OH HO H
+
H3C H H CH3
(2S,3R) (2R,3S)
Answer: 3-methyl-2-pentanol
Heating with sodium ethoxide results in E2 elimination; the anti- elimination leads to the
formation of E-3-methyl-2-hexene as the major product. Subsequent hydroboration oxidation is
regioselective (anti-Markovnikov) and stereospecific (syn), resulting in the formation of racemic
(2S,3R & 2R,3S) 3-methyl-2-pentanol. The other diastereomer pair (2S,3S & 2R,3R) is not
expected to be obtained.
151) Even when one or more stereogenic centers are produced as the result of an addition
78
reaction to an alkene, the product is always formed as a racemic mixture. Why is that?
Answer: Because alkenes are planar, and the reagent can add from either face.
152) When a particular stereoisomer reacts in such a way that it gives a particular stereoisomer
as a product, even if more than one stereoisomer is theoretically possible, the reaction is said to
be ___.
Answer: stereospecific
153) A reaction in which the reactant is not necessarily chiral but still produces primarily one
stereoisomeric form of the product (or a specific subset of the possible stereoisomers) is referred
to as a ___ reaction.
Answer: stereoselective
154) Draw Fischer projection formulas of the major product of the reaction between E-2-methyl-
3-hexene and aqueous Br2.
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substituted, Markovnikov rule is not applicable, and the reaction is not regioselective. The
product mixture would therefore consist of 2 pairs of enantiomers, that are constitutional isomers
of each other.
155) Predict the major product(s) of the following reaction, giving regiochemical and/or
stereochemical details as relevant.
Br2, H2O
?
OH + OH
Br Br
Answer: H H
The reaction takes place with Markovnikov regioselectivity and anti stereospecificity, giving a
racemic mixture of the halohydrin as the major product.
156) Carbenes are frequently produced by -elimination reactions. These are reactions in which
the proton being lost and the leaving group are ___.
Answer: Carbenes
158) Predict the structure of product obtained when cis-2-hexene is allowed to react with
Zn/CH2I2.
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H H
Zn, CH2I2
H + H
Answer:
The Zn/CH2I2 produces a carbene which reacts with the alkene to give the corresponding
cyclopropane derivative. The reaction proceeds with retention of alkene stereochemistry,
resulting in a racemic mixture of the two cis enantiomers.
159) Draw Fischer projection formula(s) of the major product(s) of the reaction between Z-2-
methyl-3-hexene and cold, alkaline KMnO4.
CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)2
cold, dil H OH HO H
KMnO4 H OH + HO H
C2H5 C2H5
Answer:
The reaction takes place with syn stereospecificity, giving a racemic mixture of the diol product.
160) Draw Fischer projection formula(s) of the major product(s) of the reaction between Z-3-
methyl-3-hexene and cold, alkaline KMnO4.
CH2CH3 CH2CH3
cold, dil H3C OH HO CH3
H OH + HO H
KMnO4
C 2H 5 C 2H 5
Answer:
The reaction takes place with syn stereospecificity, giving a racemic mixture of the diol product.
161) Predict the product(s) of the oxidation of 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5-heptadiene with hot, alkaline
KMnO4.
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OH
hot, alkaline CO + H O + O +
2 2 O
KMnO4 O
Answer: OH
162) Deduce the structure of an unknown compound A, C8H14, from the following data. Briefly,
but clearly explain your rationale. A decolorizes Br2/CCl4, and upon reaction with excess H2/Ni,
affords 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane. When A is subjected to ozonolysis, the following product
is obtained.
O O
A H2, Ni
O
O O
O
163) The decolorization of molecular bromine is often used as a functional group test to detect
the presence of ___.
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Topic: General Information
Section: 8.11, 8.17
Difficulty Level: Easy
165) Devise a retrosynthetic strategy to make the epoxide shown below starting from
cyclohexanol and show the forward reaction with the necessary reagents and significant
intermediates.
Answer:
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Br
Intramolecular Halohydrin
SN 2 f ormation
O
OH
Dehydration of
Alcohol
OH
OH Br
H+, heat Br2, H2O NaH
O
OH
84