UNIVERSITY OF TRIPOLI

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GRADUATE STUDIE

ADVANCED R.C DESIGN (CE 605)

Assignment #2
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL

BY
BADREDIN M. AMMAR

Registration Number : 2216103

Lecturer
.

Fall 2016
CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

RETAINING WALL DESIGN EXAMPLE

Use :
c 24kN / m 3 , s 17kN / m 3 , 30 , 0.5, fc ' 20MPa, fy 280MPa
and qu 150kN / m 2

Solution :
1 sin 1 sin 30 1
ka
1 sin 1 sin 30 3
1 sin 1 sin 30
kp 3
1 sin 1 sin 30

1- Geometric design of Wall

Assume thickness of base slab, hb = 500 mm.
The height of the wall above the base, H = 7.5 + 0.5 = 8 m.
Base width = 0.5H to 0.7H i.e. between 4 m to 5.6 m.
Assume base width, b = 5.5 m.
Assume toe projection 1.2 m.
Clear spacing between counterforts, S = 3 0.3 = 2.7 m.
Check of clear spacing between counterforts, 0.3H to 0.5H i.e. between 2.4 m to 4 m.

The preliminary dimensions of the components of the wall are shown in Figure.

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

2- Check Stability of Wall

The stability of the wall will be checked at working load because safe bearing
capacity of soil is in the working load condition.

Moment
Description of Distance from
Sr.No. Loads in kN about Toe in
loads Toe in m
kN.m
Weight of stem 0.3 7.5 24 1 1.2 + 0.3/2
1 72.9
W1 = 54 = 1.35
Weight of base 5.5 0.5 24 1
2 5.5/2 = 2.75 181.5
W2 = 66
Weight of earth 4 7.5 17 1 1.2 + 0.3 + 4/2
3 1836
Over heel slab W3 = 510 = 3.6
Total 630 --------- 2090.4

Horizontal earth pressure on full height of wall, Pa

k a s H 2 1 / 3 17 8 2
Pa 181.33kN / m
2 2
Overturning moment, Mo = Pa H/3 = 181.33 8/3 = 485.56 kN.m
Factor of safety against overturning
M r 2090.4
F .S overturning 4.3 2 safe
M 0 485.56

3- Check for sliding

Total horizontal force tending to slide the wall = Pa = 181.33 kN.
Resisting force = W = 0.5 630 = 315 kN.
Factor of safety against sliding

F .S sliding
W 315
1.737 1.5 safe
Pa 181.33

4- Check for pressure distribution at base

Distance of R from toe ( X )

2090.4 485.56
X 2.547m
630

B 5.5 B 5.5
e X 2.547 0.203m 0.917m
2 2 6 6

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

max
W 1 6e
min A A

630 60.203 140

max 1 kN / m 2 150kN / m 2
min 5.5 1m' 5.5 1m' 89.18

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

5- Strength Design

Case (1) : Factored load combination, U = 1.2D + 1.6H

F.S Items Force in kN Moment in kN.m

1.2 W1 + W2 1.2 ( 54 + 66 ) = 144 1.2 ( 72.9 + 181.5 ) = 305.3
1.6 W3 1.6 ( 510 ) = 816 1.6 ( 1836 ) = 2937.6
Total 960 3242.88

Distance of Ru from toe ( X )

3242.88 1.6485.56
Xu 2.569m
960

B 5.5 B 5.5
eu Xu 2.569 0.181m 0.917m
2 2 6 6

max
W 1 6e
min A A

960 60.181 209

u max 1 kN / m 2
min 5.5 1m' 5.5 1m' 140

Case (2) : Factored load combination, U = 0.9D + 1.6H

F.S Items Force in kN Moment in kN.m

0.9 W1 + W2 0.9 ( 54 + 66 ) = 108 0.9 ( 72.9 + 181.5 ) = 228.9
1.6 W3 1.6 ( 510 ) = 816 1.6 ( 1836 ) = 2937.6
Total 924 3166.56

Distance of Ru from toe ( X )

3166.56 1.6485.56
Xu 2.586m
924

B 5.5 B 5.5
eu Xu 2.586 0.164m 0.917m
2 2 6 6

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

max
W 1 6e
min A A

924 60.164 198

u max 1 kN / m 2
min 5.5 1m' 5.5 1m' 137.9

Critical case is case (1).

Intensity of pressure at junction of stem with toe i.e. under B

B = 140 + ( 209 140 ) 4.3/5.5 = 193.9 kN/m2.

Intensity of pressure at junction of stem with heel i.e. under C

C = 140 + ( 209 140 ) 4/5.5 = 190.2 kN/m2.

6- Design of Toe slab

Self weight of slab = 1.2 ( 0.5 24 ) = 14.4 kN/m2.

193.9 14.41.22 2 209 193.91.22

MB 143.74kN.m
2 3

db 16
d h c.c 500 50 442mm
2 2

Mu 143.74 10 6
Rn 0.8175
bd 2 0.9 1000 442 2

0.85 fc ' 2 Rn 0.85 20 2 0.8175

1 1 1 1 0.003
fy 0.85 fc ' 280 0.85 20

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

As bd 0.003 1000 442 1326mm2 controls

As min 0.002bh 0.002 1000 500 1000mm2

1000 Ab 1000 201

S 151.58 150mm
As 1326

Use 16/150 mm

The bars shall be extended beyond the front face of the wall for a distance
equal to development length ld

fy t e s d b As required
ld 300mm
1.1 fc ' C b k tr As provided

db

C1 50 16 / 2 58mm controls
C b 58
Cb C 2 50 16 / 2 58mm , 3.625 2.5 Take 2.5
d b 16
C 3 150 / 2 75mm

280 1 1 0.8 16 1237.73

ld 256.4mm 300mm
1.1 1 20 2.5 1407

l d 300mm 1200 50 1150mm ok

Secondary reinf. As min 0.002bh 0.002 1000 500 1000mm2

1000 Ab 1000 113

S 113 110mm
As 1000

Use 12/110 mm

Check for Shear

Since the soil pressure induces compression in the wall the critical section for
shear is taken at a distance d from the face of the stem.
Intensity of pressure at distanced ( 442 mm ) from the face of the toe.
E = 140 + ( 209 140 ) ( 4.3 + 0.442 )/5.5 = 199.5 kN/m2.

Vu d 209 199.5 0.758 14.4 0.758 143.9kN

2
VC 0.17 fc 'bd 0.75 0.17 20 1000 442 10 3 252kN 143.9kN ok

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

7- Design of Heel slab

The heel slab is designed as a continuous slab supported on counterforts.

The downward force will be maximum at the edge of the slab where intensity
of soil pressure is minimum.

Consider 1 m wide strip near the outer edge D

The forces acting near the edge are

(a) Downward wt. of soil of height 7.5 = 1.6 (17 7.5 1) = 204 kN/m.
(b) Downward wt. of heel slab = 1.2 ( 24 0.5 1 ) = 14.4kN/m.
(c) Upward soil pressure of intensity 140 kN/m2 = 140 1 = 140 kN/m.

Net downward force at D = 204 + 14.4 - 140 = 78.4 kN/m.

Net downward force at C = 204 + 14.4 190.2 = 28.2 kN/m.

Area of steel for -ve moment

pl 2 78.4 2.7 2
Mu 47.63kN.m
12 12
Mu 47.63 10 6
Rn 0.27
bd 2 0.9 1000 442 2

0.85 fc ' 2 Rn 0.85 20 2 0.27

1 1 1 1 0.0009753
fy 0.85 fc ' 280 0.85 20

As min 0.002bh 0.002 1000 500 1000mm2

1000 Ab 1000 201

S 201 200mm
As 1000

Use 16/200 mm

Area of steel for +ve moment

pl 2 78.4 2.7 2
Mu 35.72kN.m
16 16
Mu 35.72 10 6
Rn 0.203
bd 2 0.9 1000 442 2

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

0.85 fc ' 2 Rn 0.85 20 2 0.203

1 1 1 1 0.0007294
fy 0.85 fc ' 280 0.85 20

As min 0.002bh 0.002 1000 500 1000mm2

1000 Ab 1000 201

S 201 200mm
As 1000

Use 16/200 mm

Check for Shear

Dis tan ce between critical sec tion 3 0.3 2d 3 0.3 20.422 1.816m

Vu max 78.4
1.816
71.1872kN
2

VC 0.17 fc 'bd 0.75 0.17 20 1000 442 10 3 252kN 71.1872kN ok

Check for development length

280 1 1 0.8 16 1000

ld 290mm 300mm
1.1 1 20 2.5 1005

l d 300mm 4000 50 3950mm ok

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

8- Design of Stem (Vertical Slab)

1
Ph k a s h 17 7.5 42.5kN / m 2
3
p 1.6Ph 1.6 42.5 68kN / m 2
pl 2 68 2.7 2
Mu 41.31kN.m
12 12
d 12
d h c.c b 300 40 254mm
2 2
Mu 41.31 10 6
Rn 0.711
bd 2 0.9 1000 254 2

0.85 fc ' 2 Rn 0.85 20 2 0.711

1 1 1 1 0.002596
fy 0.85 fc ' 280 0.85 20

As bd 0.002596 1000 254 659.44mm2 controls

As min 0.002bh 0.002 1000 300 600mm2

1000 Ab 1000 113

S 171.35 150mm
As 659.44

Use 12/150 mm

9- Design of Counterfort

Width of counterfort = 300 mm. The counterforts are provided at 3 m c/c. They
are subjected to earth pressure and downward reaction from the heel slab

At any section at any depth h below the top E the total horizontal earth
1 1 1
pressure acting on the counterfort k a s h c / c 17 h 3 8.5h
2 2 2

2 2 3

B.M at any depth h = 8.5h2 h/3 = 2.833h3.

B.M at the base at C = 2.833 ( 7.5 )3 = 1195.3 kN.m.

M u 1.61195.3 1912.5kN.m

Total down ward force at D = 78.4 c/c distance = 78.4 3 = 235.2 kN/m.
Total down ward force at C = 28.2 c/c distance = 28.2 3 = 84.6 kN/m.

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

As mentioned earlier the counterfort acts as a T - beam. As can be seen that

the depth available is much more than required from B.M.

The available depth is obtained as under :

The effective depth is taken at right angle to the reinforcement.

tan = 7.5/4 = 1.875, = 61.93
h = 4000 sin = 4000 sin 61.93 = 3529.5 mm
d = 0.9h = 0.9 3529.5 = 3176.55 mm.
Mu 1912.5 10 6
Rn 0.702
bd 2 0.9 300 3176.55 2

0.85 fc ' 2 Rn 0.85 20 2 0.702

1 1 1 1 0.002561
fy 0.85 fc ' 280 0.85 20

1.4 / fy 1.4 / 280 0.005 controls

min
fc ' / 4 fy 20 / 4 280 0.004

As bd 0.005 300 3329.5 4994.25mm 2

Use 1422

The height h where half of the reinforcement can be curtailed is approximately

equal to H= 7.5 = 2.738 m.

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

C1 61mm
C b 29.67
Cb C 2 61 58mm , 1.35 1.5 Take 1.5
C 59.3 / 2 29.67mm controls db 22
3

280 1 1 1.3 16 5202.75

ld 1060.95 1070mm 300mm
1.1 1 20 1.5 5321.85

Curtail 6 bars at 2.738 ldt from top i.e, 2.738 - 1.07 = 1.668 m from top.

Design of Horizontal Ties

Due to horizontal earth pressure, the vertical stem has a tendency of separating
out from the counterforts, Hence it should be tied to it by horizontal ties.
The direct pull by the wall on counterfort for 1 m height at base
1
Tu 1.6k a s h c / c 1.6 17 7.5 3 204kN
3
Tu AS fy
Tu 204 1000
AS 809.5mm 2
fy 0.9 280
1000 Ab 1000 113
S 139.6 120mm
As 809.5

Use 12/120 ~ 300 mm

Design of Vertical Ties

Due to net vertical down ward force acting on the base slab, it has a tendency
to separate out from the counterfort.

This is prevented by providing vertical ties.

The maximum pull will be exerted at the end of heel slab where the net
downward force = 78.4 kN/m.

Consider one meter strip

Total downward force at D = 78.4 c/c distance between counterforts

Total downward force at D = 78.4 3 = 235.2 kN

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CE 605 ADVANCED R.C DESIGN

Tu 235.2 1000
AS 933.33mm 2
fy 0.9 280
1000 Ab 1000 113
S 121.07 120mm
As 933.33
Use 12/120 mm

Total downward force at C = 28.2 c/c distance between counterforts

Total downward force at C = 28.2 3 = 84.6 kN
Tu 84.6 1000
AS 335.7mm 2
fy 0.9 280
1000 Ab 1000 113
S 336.6 300mm
As 335.7
Use 12/300 mm

Cross section details of wall through the counterfort

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