E j00091 PDF

X
-
.

kg
0
7 1
6 2
5 3
4 kg
0
7 1
6 2
-
5 3
4

3 3 kg
kg
ISBN 978-960-337-091-8 2016

2010
B 2016
ISBN: 978-960-337-091-8
Copyright 2016
,
, ( 3 . 2121/1993).

1952 (1882-1954)
,
. -

-
.
23 1956 -
,
(1895-1981).

.
1981 -
, - (1920-2000). 2000
-
.
, ,

,
,
.
(1957-1975), 32 ,
(1962-1975), 50 , -
(1969-1980) 11 (1971-
1973) 3 . , 1977 171
16
.

(1967 ),
.

. 61288/5031/8.8.1966
, ,
1958.
. . 2111.1/2/99 -
3611.2/05/05/16-12-2005,
.
118 : 27
(1967-1979), 42
(1981-2001), 34 -
, 9 15
.
,
-
, ,
.
-
.
2012-2013 . M3616/01/2012/26-09-2012 -

,
,
STCW 78 (Standards of
Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for seafarers Manila amendments 2010).
,
2013-2014, 2014 -
, .
,
,
, 60 ,
.
, . , .
, .. (..).
, .. / . ., Y. .
. . , . .
.
, .
E . , A-
.. (..), N M M.

. (1955-1959) , . (1957-1970) , . (1955-1983)
, . (1955-1984) . . , . (1970-2003) . , . (1958)
/, . (1959-1966) /, / . ., . . (1967-1969) , / .
., . (1967-1969) , . (1969-1971) ., / . ., .
(1971-1972) .., / . ., . (1972-1974) ..,
/ . ., . (1974-1977) .., / . ., . (1977) -
.., / . ., . (1977-1979) .., / . ., .
(1979-1981) . ., / . ., . (1981-1982) .., / . .,
. (1982-1984) .., / . ., . . . (2003-2008)
. (1984-1986) .., / . ., . (1986-1988) .., / . -
., . (1988-1989) .., / . ., . (1989) ..,
/ . ., . (1989-1992) .., / . ., . (1992-1993) -
.., / . ., . (1993-1994) .., / . ., . (1994-1995)
.., . (1995-1996) .., / . ., . (1996-1998) ..,
/ . ., . (1998-2000) .., / . ., . (2000-2001) -
.., / . ., . (2001) .., / . ., . (2001-2003)
.., / . ., . (2003-2004) .., / . ., . (2003-
2004) .., / . ., . (2004-2005) .., / . ., . -
(2005-2008) .., / . ., . (2008-2009) .., / . .,
-. (2009-2011) .., / . ., . (2011-2012) .., / . .,
. , (2004-2013) . . ( . .), . (1988-2013) . , . (2012-
2014) .., / . ..

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2016

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:
1.1 ............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 ......................................................................................................................1
1.3 .........................................................................................................................................2
1.4 ..............................................................................................................................2
1.5 ............................................................................................................................2
1.6 .....................................................................................................................................................4
1.7 .............................................................................................................................................................5

2.1 . ............................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 . ..........................................................................................................................................8
2.3 . .................................................................................................................................................9
2.4 H . ................................................................................................................................................11

3.1 ............................................................................................................................................................13
3.2 . .................................................................................................................................................13
3.3 . ..........................................................................................................................14
3.4 . .............................................................................................................................15
3.5 . ...................................................................................................................................16
3.6 . ........................................................................................................................................................16
3.7 . ...................................................................................................................................................17
3.8 . ............................................................................................................17
3.9 . ..............................................................................................................................................18
3.10 .........................................................................18

4.1 . ....................................................................................................................................................................21
4.2 . ................................................................................................................21
4.3 () . ..........................................................................................22
4.4 . .................................................23
4.5 . .........................................................27
4.6 ................................................................................27

5.1 . .....................................................................................................................................................................28
5.2 . ................................................................................................................................28
5.3 . .........................................................................................................31
x
5.4 ...................................................................................31
5.5 . ...............................................................................................31
5.6 ................................................................................................................................................32
5.7 . ...................................................................................................................36
5.8 . ....................................................................................................................39
5.9 .....................................................................................................................................................42

6.1 . ...........................................................................................................................................................................46
6.2 . ....................................................................................46
6.3 . ......................................46
6.4 . .............................48
6.5 ..................................................................................................................................51
6.6 . .....................................................................................52
6.7 ................................................................................................................................54
6.8 . ............................................................................................................................................55

7.1 . .......................................................................................................56
7.2 . ........................................................57
7.3 . ............................................58
7.4 . ..................................................................................................58
7.5 . .........................................59
7.6 ..............................................................................................................59
7.7 .......................................................................................................60
7.8 () , . ....................................................61
7.9 cm in . .................................................................................................................................62
7.10 TPC . ....................................................................63
7.11 TPC........................................................................................63
7.12 . ...................................................................................................................................................64
:
: ( )
8.1 . . ......................................................................................................................65
8.2 . .....................................................................66
8.3 . . .............................................70
8.4 .....................................................................................................................71
8.5 . . .......................................................................................71
8.5.1 . ...........................................................................................71
8.5.2 . ....................................................................................................................72
8.5.3 . ......................................................................73
8.5.4 ...................................................................................................................73
8.5.5 . .............................................................................74
8.5.6 . .......................................................................................................................74
8.5.7 . ..................................................................................................75
8.5.8 . ............................................................................................................................75
8.5.9 . .......................................................................76
8.6 ...........................................................................76
8.7 - . .......................................................................................77
8.8 . . ....................................79
8.9 . ................................80
8.10 . .......................................83
8.11 . .........................................................................................................84
8.12 -................................................................................................................84
8.13 . .............................................................................85
xi
8.14 ........................................................................................................87
8.14.1 .....................................87
8.14.2 ..........................................88
8.15 . ...................................................................................................................................89
8.15.1 GM . .........................................................................................89
8.15.2 Handymax. ..................................................................................................90

9.1 . ..................................................................................................................91
9.2 . ...........................................................................................91
9.3 . ..............................................................................................................93
9.4 . ........................................................................95
9.5 . ..............................................................96
9.6 . ..................96

10.1 . .....................................................................................................................................................................98
10.2 . .........................................................................................98
10.2.1 Atwood. .............................................................................................................................................98
10.2.2 Scribanti. ..........................................................................................................................................100
10.2.3 . ..........................................................................................................................100
10.3 . ..........................................................................................................................100
10.4 . ............................................101
10.5 . .....................................................................................................................102
10.6 ..................................................................................................................................................102
10.7 . .........................................103
10.8 . ............................................................................................................................104
10.9 . ............................................................................................................................106
10.10 .....................................................112
10.11 . ....................................................................................114
10.12 . ....................................................115
10.13 . ......................................................................................................115

11.1 . . .........................................................................117
11.2 . .....................................................117
11.3 . .............................................................................118
11.4 . H . .......................................118
11.5 . ..............................................................................................................................120
11.6 . ...........................................................................................120

12.1 ....................................................................................................................................................122
12.2 , , , ......................................................122
12.3 (LCG)......................................................................................................................123
12.4 (LCB). .................................................................................................................124
12.5 . ..........................................................................124
12.6 . .....................................................................................124
12.7 . ...........................................................................................................................................125
12.8 B G. .................................................................................................126
12.9 (MTC). .......................................................126
xii
12.10 ,
, ,
. .............................................................................................................127
12.11 LCG . .....................................................................................................................128
12.12 , , , , . ..............129
12.13 . .....................................................................................................................130
12.14
. . .....................................................131
12.15 ......................................................................................................135
12.16 . ...................................................................................................................137
12.17 . .............................................................................................................................139
12.17.1 . ............................................................................................................................................................139
12.17.2 . ....................................................................................................................139
12.18 ..................................................................................................................139
12.19 . .....................................................................................................................140
12.20 . ...................................................141
12.21 . .............................................................................................144
12.22 . ................................................................................................................144
12.22.1 . ............................................................................................................................................................144
12.22.2 . ............................................................................................................144
12.22.3 . .................................................................................................................................146
12.22.4 .......................................................................................................147
12.22.5 . ................................................................................148
12.22.6 ..............................................................................................................148
12.23 ...............................................................................................148
12.24 .........................................................................................................................................................151
:
:
13.1 . .........................................................................................................................................................................153
13.2 . ................................................................................................................153
13.3 . .............................................................................................154
13.4 . ..................................................................................................................154
13.4.1 . ............................158
13.4.2 ....... 158
13.5 . ...............................................................................................................160
13.6 . ...............................................................................161
13.7 . . .........................................................................................162
13.8 . ............................................................................................................163
13.9 .....................................................................................................................................163
13.9.1 . ..............................................................................................................................................................163
13.9.2 . ...........................................................................................................................163
13.9.3 . .....................................................................................................164
13.9.4 ..................................................................................................164
13.9.5 . ...............................................................................................167
13.10 . ..........................................................................................169
13.10.1 . . ...............................................................................................................................169
13.10.2 . ............................................................169
13.10.3 . ..........................................................170
13.10.4 ..................................................................................173
13.11 ....................................................................................................................................174
13.12 . ....................................................180
13.13 . ....................................................................................................180
13.14 . ........................................................180
13.15 . ..............................................................................................................181
13.16 .....................................................................................................................................182
13.17 . ................................................................................................................................183
13.18 . ...........................................................................................183
13.19 . .....................................................185
xiii
13.20 . ............................................................................................................188
14.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................189
14.2 . .................................................................................................................189
14.3 . ...........................................................................................190
14.4 . .................................................190
14.5
IMO Res MSC 267(85). ..................................................................................192
14.6 . .............................192
14.7 ..........................................................................................................................193
14.8 .......................................................................................................................193

15.1 . .........................................................................................................................................................................196
15.2 . ................................................................................................196
15.3 . ............................................................................................................................197
15.4 . ...........................................................................................................198
15.5 . ............................200
15.6 . ..............201

16.1 . .......................................................................................................................................................................202
16.2 . ....................................................................................................................................................202
16.2.1 ....................................................................................................................................................202
16.2.2 SOLAS 1974. .......................................................................................204
16.2.3 . ................................................................................207
16.2.4 . .........................................211
16.2.5 . ........................................................................................................212
16.3 . ....................................................................................................................................................221
16.3.1 . . ...........................................................................................................................221
16.3.2 . ..............................................................................................................222
16.3.3 . ..........................................................................222
16.3.4 H .....................................................................................................225
16.3.5 . ..........................................................225
16.4 . ..................................................................................................................................230
16.4.1 . ..............................................................................................................................................................230
16.4.2 . ............230
16.4.3 . ............................................................................................................................231
16.5 ....................................................................................................................231
16.5.1 . ..............................................................................................................................................................231
16.5.2 IMO . ....................................................................................232
16.5.3 . ....................................................................................................................................235
16.6 . ............................................................236
:
:
17.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................239
17.2 . ........................................................................................................240
17.3 . .........................................................................................................................240
xiv
17.3.1 . ...........................................................................................................................................................240
17.3.2 ...........................................................................................................................................241
17.3.3 , .........................................................................243
17.3.4 ...............................................................................................250
17.4 .............................................................................................................252
17.4.1 . ..............................................................................................................................................................252
17.4.2 . ............................................................................................................................................253
17.4.3 . .........................................................................................................................................255
17.4.4 . .......................................................................................................................................256
17.4.5 ......................................................................................256
17.5 . ...................................................................................................................................................264
17.6 . ........................................................................................................264
17.7 .........................................................................................................................................264
17.8 . ............................................................................264
17.9 . ...............................................................................................265
17.10 Murray. .................................................................................265
17.11 ....................................................................................................................267
17.12 caper . .............................267
17.13 . ........................................................................................268
17.14 ..............................................................................269

18.1 . .......................................................................................................................................................272
18.2 ...................................................272
18.3 . ............................................................................................................................................................273
18.4 . .................................................................................................................................273
18.5 . ............................................................................................................................273
18.6 container. ...................................................................274

19.1 . ...................................................................................................................277
19.2 E. ....................................................................................................279
19.3 ...............................................................280
19.3.1 . .................................................................................280
19.3.2 . ......................................................................281
19.4 ....................285
19.5 . ........................................285
19.5.1 . ..............................................................................................................................................................285
19.5.2 . ............................................................................................................................................286
19.5.3 . ...................................................................................286
19.5.4 . ........................................................................................287
19.6 . ...................................................................................................290
19.6.1 . ........................................................................................................................................290
19.6.2 . ...............................................................................................................................290
19.6.3 containers. ...............................................................................................290
19.7 K container. ....................................................................................291
.................................................................................................................................................................298
...............................................................................................................................................................299
...................................................................................................................................................................301
...............................................................................................................................................................303
................................................................................................................................................................305
....................................................................................................................................................................309
...............................................................................................................................................................................313
..........................................................................................................................................................................317
20
29 :
28
27
26
25
: -
1.1 .

, x, y z . :
, 1)
, x-z (lon-
, - gitudinal planes).
, x-z ( ) -
, (longitudinal
. plane of symmetry).
- 2) -
() z-y
(transverse planes) .
3)
. x-y (hor-
- izontal planes) (waterplanes) (. 1.2).
-

.

1.2 .

(. 1.2).

z
y . 1.2
.
(..

O x , ) -
.
. 1.2 ,
. :
1) -
x, y ,
z (longi- -
tudinal), (transverse) .
(vertical). , - 2) -
,
, , , (. 1.5).
.. . 3)
2
- .
(. 1.5). , ,
-
( - .
) , , -

. .
(molded dimensions)
1.3 .
. , ,
1.3
, ...
. (hull)
(keel), - 1.5 .
(shell) -
1.5
- -
. ( -
. )
.
(decks), (super- -
structures),
- (. ) -
. , . -
, (GRP), - ( ) -
, , . .
- 1.5
(transverse frames). .

.
:

1) (perpendiculars), -

. ,
. 1.3
. -
(forward perpendicular FP). H
H - (after perpendicular )
. - -
,
. -
-
, ,
,
-
(flat keel).
.
1.4 . 2) (designed water-
line DWL), ,
H (molded surface) ,
- .
. 3) (length between
perpendiculars LP), -
, -
m ft.
3

(FP)

(DWL)

LBP

LWL
L
LBP/2 LBP/2

(P)
(DWL)
. 1.5
.
4) (length on the
water line LWL), -
, m ft.
5) (length overall LOA), - (base line).
8) (sheer), -
, m ft.
6) (midship), -
. H .
m ft.
(midship section). 1.5,
. -
7) (basic line), ,
- a :
, , - 1)

. H .
4
2) (mounlded draft)
- .
. 1) (light ship) -
3) (depth or height), -
-
, -
, ,
. , , , , -
4) (camber) .
- () (LT).
2) (light waterline, LWL). H
. .
, 3) (auxiliary spaces).
(
). - .
4) (wetted surface). H
, , 1/50 .

5) (beam or breadth),
( ).
-
m2 ft2
.
.
m ft .
5) (loadline).
1.5

(rise of floor), - -
- , .
(tumblehome ) (flare). 6) (tanks).
(, -
. )
1.5 .
. 7) (cargo tanks).
. , (/)
- (LNG, LPG ..).
(forward draft), 8) (ballast tanks).
(after
draft), .
(mean draft), .
, -
, - () -
. .
H - 9) (dimensions). ()
(trim).
, . H -
(trim
by stern), .
o (trim by bow). 10) (displacement).
- ( MT LT)
(.. . .
, ). 11) (light ship displace-
ment). .
1.6 . 12) (full load displace-
ment). -
.
5
13) (living quarters).

- .
. - 28) (sternpost). -
. .
14) (free board part). 29) (stem post).
. .
15) (generator room). , 30) (form coefficients).
-
. -
, ,
. -
16) (waterline zone). .
31) (coordi-
nates of center of gravity).
.
17) (admeasurement). ,
- .
(. . 37). 32) (coordinates
18) (center of gravity). of center of buoancy).

, - , -
. .
19) (center of 33) (superstructure).
volume center of buoancy). -
. -
, . , .
20) (draft scales). 34) (deck erection). -

( ),
. - .
35) (underwaterbody). -
. .
21) (holds). 36) (bulkheads). (-
) -
().
.
22) (boiler room).
.
, .
37) (tonnage).
23) (engine room). ,

-
,
.
.
24) (volume of displace-
(1 2,83 m3)
ment). O .
.
25) (parallel middle
body). , 1.7 .
-
. (lines plan)
.
26) (bulwark).
, -
. .
27) . ,
6

, . -
-

(. 1.7):
1) (sheer plan), -
.
2) (water lines plan),
.
3) (body plan), -
.
,

,

-

.

. 1.7
(. 1.7). .
1
1/ 0 9
V 1 2 2
V
IV 9 IV
2 8
III III
II II
I 3 7 I
4,5 6,5

()

A
A
IV
III
II
I
0 1/2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 91/2 10
()

I
IV I I IV III
II I
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1/2 1 2
A P F P

()
. 1.7
. (stations).
, ,
.
20
29
28
27
26
25

2.1 . (International
Bureau of Weights and Measures) .
, (1)
, -
. 2.1() -
, .

. -
, .
H (1)
:
.
= () ( ) (3)
.
-
[. 2.1()] -

, -
,
.
. -
, -
.
O
-
, :
= () () (1)
()
-
,

.
H
2.1()
.
()
ms -

s ,

m :

m = s ms (2)

()
-
(kg), . 2.1
, - .
8

, 9,81 m/sec2 32,2 ft/sec2.
, , -
. - SI newton/m3 (N/m3).
newton -
(), o SI -
(). m/sec2
kg.
[. 2.1()],
- kp/m3
. ( )
- kg/m3.
(lb), , lbf/ft3
1/2,2046 kg. lb/ft3.
, , -
-
:
, -
1) .
SI.
o -

, (tf/m3) (MT/m3).
:
2) . -
1)
o long ,
SI.
SI N (Newton) kp (kilo- (british tf/ft3) (LT/ft3).
pond). - ,
o (tf ) , :
1000 kp. = ( ) ( ) (4)
2) . -
= ( ) () (5)
-
(lbf). , -
o (british -
long ton) 1016 kp 2240 lbf (relative density),
british tf LT.
H - 1000 kg/m3.
:
1 = 1,016 1 MT/m3, -
, 1025 kg/m3
british short 1,025 MT/m3.
ton 2000 Ibf.
- 1.
. 100
.
2.2 .
() 0,84
- 2% , -
.
( ) .
:
,
:
kg/m3
lb/ft3. V0 = (100 MT) (1 m3/MT) = 100 m3
9
(hatch)

(100 2)%, 98%, :

V1 = 100 0,98 = 98 m3

: (ullage)

3 3
W1 = (98 m ) (0,84 MT/m ) = 82,32
2.
(sounding)
120
.
0,91 ,
3% ,
. . 2.2

: .
:
-
V0 = (120 MT)/(1,025 MT/m3) = 117 m3 (. 2.2):
(100 3)%, - 1) (sounding tube).
97%, : ( 37 mm)
, -
V1 = 117 0,97 = 113,49 m3 ,
- -
W1 = (113,49 m3) (0,91 MT/m3) = 103,27 . .
2) (sounding). -
3. -
6 m 150 150 mm 12 mm,
4 m 0,89
2,5 m. . ( )
.
: 3) (ullage).
-
2,5 m : (
),
V1 = 6 4 2,5 = 60 m3 .
:
-
W1 = (60 m3) (0,89 MT/m3) = 53,4 . -
.
. 2.3 .
-
, ,
(Stowage Factor SF).
. - o -
, , -
. .
,
10
- 2.3
. - .
,
(

), SF
. kg/m3 lb/ft3 m3/MT ft3/LT

o - 1000 62,4 1,0 35,9
, ,
(. ( 1025 64,0 0,975 35
). )
, o -
947 59,1 1,05 37,8
-
- 841 52,5 1,19 42,6
.
O - X
7689 480,0 0,13 4,7
(m3/MT) ()
(ft3/LT). 1,293 0,0807 774,775 27800
SF (stowage factor)
, :
2.
= ( )/SF (6)
20 ft,
= ( ) SF (7) 10 ft 12 ft.
H , ,
, ,
, : 80% 20%
. -
1 = (m3/MT) = 35,88 (ft3/LT) (8) ;
2.3 :
-
. 2.3 4,7 ft3/LT. ft3 -
0,8 ft3 0,2 ft3 .
. ft3 :

1 LT
. 0,8 ft 3 = 3 = 0,1702 LT
4,7 ft
1. o :
75 m3. 1ft 3 ft 3
SF = = 5,8754
0,1702 LT LT
95%;
:
:
O , = ( )/SF =
2.3, 1,19. : 1
= (20 10 12) = 408,482 LT
= (0,95) (75 m3) 5,8754
1 3.
/m3 = 59,87 MT
1,19 , ,
11
45 . o 1.
ft3;
(-
: ) 150 m3
(3) : 5,5 m
4 m.
= .
= 45/1,016 = 44,29L.
:
O -
2.3
, 2.3 37,8 ft3/LT.
1025 kg/m3.
, (7) :
,
=
= (44,29 LT) (37,8 ft3/LT) = :
= 1674,16 ft3 =
= (150 m3) (1025 kg/m3)/1000 = 153,75 tn
2.4 H . ,
4 m
- . :
,
, - 4 m =(4/5,5) 153,75 = 118,82 tn
-
,
2.
-
. -

6 1 0,3 m.
1000 kg/m3
:
1025 kg/m3 .
- :
= 6 1 0,3 = 1,8 m3
,
- 2.3
.
1007 1035 kg/m3. 7689 kg/m3 7,689 tn/m3.
:
, - = 1,8 7,689 = 13,84 tn

,
3.
. -
-
, 20 10 5 ft .
LT MT.
. - :

- ft3 :
. = 20 10 5=1000 ft3
H
o 2.3
. 35,9 ft3/LT.
12
: .
= 1. 8 m,
= 1000 ft3 (1/35,9 LT/ft3) = 22 m 8 m -
= 27,85 LT 0,84 MT/m3.

1 LT = 1,016 MT :

= 27,85 1,016 = 28,29 MT 1,5 m.
2. , -
4. , 120 MT .
0,88 MT/m3
- ,
1,03, -
3. 95% -
: .
: 3. 24 ft -
20 ft. ( LT)
= 27,85 1,035 = 28,82 LT
: 8 ft
.
= 28,29 1,035 = 29,28 MT
(MT)
3 m.
20
29
28
27
26
25
-
3.1 . 1) H
.
.
2) H
: ,
1) - -
. (
2) . O - ,
, ( ).
). 3)
3) - , -
. H ,
. , -
4) - -
. - .
: -
) . .
) .
) , - 3.2.
. OF1 OF2
) , -
.
3.1 OR. H OR OF1
( AB) OF2 ( -
. , B, OR).
E ( ), 4) ,
B .
-
1 .
5) -
.
A B E F1 R
. 3.1
.
3.2 . O F2
. 3.2
: .
14
3.3 . l ,
:
, F2 F
, - = = 2 (9)
l F1 + F2 R

. l F2
- = (10)
R
,
. - 2) (. 3.3).
. H F1 F2 -
R
1) (. 3.3).
.
F1
F2 (R), - (9) :
,
. F1 F (11)
= = 1
OR, - l F2 F1 R
1 , ( )
:
F2 ( )
= (9)
F1 , ,
.
R -
,
, .. (. -
F2 3).
1.
F1

. 100
1 2 150 . -
.
:
l , -

. 3.3
.
.
:
F1
= 100 + 150 = 250

2.
O1 O2 O
150 , o
100 .
R
l
.
F2 :
. 3.3 -
. .
15
: :
= 150 100 = = 200 (30) =
= 50 = 200 0,866 = 173,2
3.
= 200 (30) = 200 0,5
10 = 100
, , () -
-
2 . o .
5 . 1. 20
: 30 ,
, (. 3.4).
- , -
, .
5 10 = 50 .
2. 25
5 2 =10 30 ,
.

51

1149' .

-
51
3.3.
11 49'

50
3.4 . . 3.3
.
(..
)
. H 200 N
-
(. 100 N
3.4). H 30
,
173,2 N
.
. 3.4
.
.
-
200
30 . 20 N 30 N
-
,
, -

.

:
3.4
2m 2m 1m
200 -
. . 3.4
16
, (. 3.4). -
, - .
-
.
25 N

.
kp/m ( lbf/ft )
SI N/m.
A
3.5
Varrignon:
3m 2m
-
30 N .
. 3.4 .
3. -
() - , -
. 200 ,
GPS 3.5.
6 ;
-
O A B
45.
,
; 3m 2m
4m
3.5 .
O 200 N 200 N
.
3.5 -
. . 3.5
. 400
o ,
, -
:

.
, F :
, (R) = 200 3 + 200 5 = 1600 N/m
(T),
.
,
400 N 4 m
R F
:
P = 400 4 = 1600 N/m
N T
3.6 .

. 3.5
-
. .
17
- 3.8 -
.
[ (11)
0]. 3.8 -
F1, F2,
, F3... Fn, .
. 1,
2, 3... Oy.
(12) :
.
R = F1 + F2 + ...Fn = Fi (14)
i
3.7 .
O :
,
R x R = F1x1 + F2 x 2 + ...Fn x n = Fi x i (15)
, i
,
(14) (15) -
. H
:

. Fi x i
xR = i = (16)
Fi
i

, - H (16)

. O
. .
- (..

, , -
, ).
.
.

( ), 3.8
:
- y
, F1 Fn
- R

- x1
F2
.
x2 F3
,
Rx, Ry, Rz
, F4
y, z -
,
: O x
xR
Rx = Ry = Rz = 0 (12)
. 3.8
Mx = My = Mz = 0 (13) .
18
F1
: F2 .
H
X(m) F() -
F1 1,0 50 () . H
F2 4,0 60
y (16).
F3 5,0 20
-
F4 7,0 80 90
Fn 10 90
.
:
H
: , G, yG ZG, -
R = 50 + 60 + 20 80 + 90 = 140
.

: 3.10
= (1,0) (50) + (4,0) (60) + (5,0) (20) .
(7,0) (80) + (10,0) (90) = 730 /m

- (.. ).
: -
R = ()/() = (730)/(140) = 5,21 m
, -
. ,
3.9 . .
3.10.
-

.

, -
dw (. 3.9).
y A A
G
x
dw

F2 A A
G
F1 W
xG
O . 3.10
x
. 3.9
. .
19
.
-
G1 t

, -
G
.
b
3.10,
G2
, -
-
.
H t
G1G2 - . 3.10
-
: .
GG2 1 t
= = =
GG1 2 (b t)t b t

2 h
. 3
h

G
2/3
.

- . 3.10
3.10.
.
.
-
() 1m
2m
3.10. A x

G1 0,25 m
: 0,5 m

- 0,5 m
Gy=1,083 m
xy 1,5 m
- G
2,5 m
. G2
2 0,5 = 1 m2 G1
0,25 m x 1 m Gx = 0,666 m
y.
2 1 =
2 m2 G2 - y
1,5 m x 0,5 m - 1m
y. . 3.10
Gx, Gy
G , - .
20
20 25 ,
: .
Gy = ( 15 , ;
x)/( ) =
10 N 20 N
= (1 0,25 + 2 1,5)/
(1 + 2) = 3,25/3 = 1,083 m
Gx = (
y)/( ) = 1m 3,5 m
0,5 m
= (1 1 + 2 0,5)/(1 + 2) = 2/3 = 0,666 m
. 3.10
.
1. ( ) 25 N
5 m 20 N
3.10 .

3.10;
2. ( )
1,5 m 3,0 m 1,5 m
6 m
3.10 . . 3.10
20
29
28
27
26
25

4.1 . y
y''
- b
, -
,
- xG
, (.. -
h
). x' x''
G
,
yG
,
,
. O x
y'
, ,
. 4.2
,

.
,
, -
. , :

- =
= = () ( ) = b h (17)
.

=

, - h bh2
. = =() = (18)
2 2
4.2 .
=

-
, - b b
= y =() + = bh + (19)
: 2 2
1) .

2) - =
x y
yy (. 4.2). b
bh +
3) ( My 2 b
= xG = = =+ (20)
) x Oy A bh 2
yy.
2
4) . Mx bh 2 h (21)
yG = = =
- A bh 2
=
d
= dA
= } y y 22
y = ydx = dx
2 22
}
3 2

= Ix =
bh y y y
= d = dA = ydx = dx
}

bh33 2 2 2
= I =
}
22 x
33
bh
= Ix = 3 3 =
}}
3bh
bh
xx ==IIxxx== (22)
y

} = x = (yx)dx
123
3bh dyy = dA x = ydx
=

= Ixx = y
}

xx
123
bh
= Ixx = 3 3 (23) = dy = dA x = ydx x = (yx)dx (28)

xx

}
= Ixxyy =
b12h
bh

}
yxxy
b12
3
h =
= Iyy = (24)
}
yy b12h
3
y 3 y=33
3
= Iyy = 3

d
= d
}}

yy
b12h 2 = = dx (29)
==IyIyy= =
Iyy + Ax G (25) y3 y3
yy y y
}
Oy 12
2 = d = d = dx
= Iy = Iyy + Ax G y y
}
H

Oy 2 -

= Iy = Iyy + Ax G =
} y

Steiner Oy

= Iy
= Iyy 2
-
+ Ax,

Oy G 2
2 =
ydx 2
2 2
2 )dx (30)
= d = (dA)x
y y
y = x = (yx

= d
(dA)x 2
y = = ydx x 2 = (yx

2
)dx
-
. [H (25) -
(20) (21) .
].
- 4.3 (-
- ) .

, 4.3 ,
1 2 (. 4.2).
xOy -
y zOy.

,
dA

.
-
zy,
x
+ dx
G G ,
y/2
yG :
O 1 2 x z
dx
y
. 4.2
.
,
, y
dx ( ),
dA: O x
E = dA = (y) dx (26)
}

=
d
y y y2 . 4.3
= d = dA = ydx = dx (27)
2 2 2 .

=
y
}
23
=
dV = Adx

}= dV = Adx (31)
1.

zOy } = dMzy = xdV = Ax dx (32)

b h.

} = dMzy = xdV = Ax dx :
}

zOy
Mzy
= V = (33)
zOy
} MV

= V =
zy b h.

zOy

V -
, - (. 4.4) (35)
. , b/2 1,
2 3 h.
, -

.
4.4 - 2
. 1
H -
4.2
. 4.4
. .

(26) (30). , -

-
.
H ,
,
,
. 1 2 3 4 5 6
1) .
O
,
. 4.4
. ,

.
4.4 :
1 + 2
A= (34)
2
h
4.4 -
, :
b
A = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 (35)
2 2 b/2 b/2

, . . 4.4
24
: (
) .
= (b/2) (h/2 + h + h/2) = .
= (b/2) (2h) = b h
-
(. 4.4) b/4. -
(35) : .
= (b/4) (h/2 + h + h + h + h/2) =

= (b/4) (4h) = b h
2. h

b h.
b
:
- b/4 b/4 b/4 b/4
b h/2. . 4.4

(. 4.4) (35)
, b/2 1, 2
3 h, h/2 0 .
:
h
= (b/2) (h/2 + h/2 + 0) =
= (b/2) (h) = b h/2 h
2
3.
S (. b
4.4), . b/2 b/2
: . 4.4
1 2 -
, S
-
.
3 -

, -
.

(35) 1 1,3
m, 2 2 m, 3 2,10 m 1=1,30 m 2=2 m 3=2,10 m
1,1 m.
:
= () (1/2 + 2+ 3/2 ) = 1,1 (1,30/2 +

+ 2 + 2,1/2 ) = 1,1 3,70 = 4,07 m2 h=1,1 m h=1,1 m
4.4 - . 4.4
25
2) Simpson. 4 2
o -
. -
,
(. 4.4). . ,
: , 2
1.

A= ( + 42 + 3 ) (36)
3 1 4.
S
(. 4.4)
Simpson.
:

(36) 1 1,3 m,
1 2 3 2 2 m, 3 2,10 m
1,1 m.
:
= (/3) (1 + 4 2 + 3) =
= (1,1/3) (1,30 + 4 2 + 2,1) =
. 4.4
= 0,366 11,4 = 4,17 m2
Simpson .

-

,
.
(36),
Simpson
, 3) Simpson.
4.4: O
3 + 1
A = ( + 422+2
( +4 + 23 + 4
3+4 4 + 2
4+2 5 + 4
5+4 6 +
6+ 7)7 ) (37)
3 11 n = 1, 2, 3 ...
, n = 1,

, :
Simpson
. 3
A= (1 + 32 + 33 + 4 ) (38)
8
1 4.4 n = 2
F3 F2
y F1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
O

. 4.4
Simpson .
26
(7 ) o : = (3/8) (1 +3 2 + 3 3 + 2
3 4 + 3 5 + 3 6 +7) = (3/8)
A= ( + 322+3
(11+3 + 33 + 2
3+2 4 + 3
4+3 5 +63
5+3 +67+
) 7)
(39) (4 + 3 4,4 + 3 4,7 + 2 5,0 + 3
8
5,2 + 3 5,6 + 6) = (3/8) (79,7) =
- = 29,88 m2
Simpson -
4.4 ,
1 .
3, 3, 2 59,77 m2.
. - z
3, 3, 1 -
3, 3, 2 6m
.
5,60 m
3/8
. 5,20 m
(26) G
5,0 m =1m

, ydx. 4,7 m
, y - 3,184 m
y2/2 [ (27)], - 4,4 m

4m
. y
yx2 [ (30)] - CL
Oy. . 4.4
(26) .
(30).
Simpson 6.
-
4.4 Oy .
: , -
3 ,
y = [(11)+3(22)+3(33)+2(44)+
8 y.
+3(55)+3(66)+ (77)]
:
1 2 .. -
, Simpson,
1, 2 .. .
-
5.
(- 4.4 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 m.
, ) (. 4.4) :
Simpson. y = 0= (3/8) (0 1 +
(
+ 1 3 2 + 2 3 3 + 3 2 4 + 4 3
).
5 + 5 3 6 + 6 7) = (3/8) (0 + 1 3
:
4,4 + 2 3 4,7 + 3 2 5,0 + 4 3 5,2 +
(39), + 5 3 5,6 + 6 6) = (3/8) (253,8) = 95,175 m3

1 m. 4.4 , -
: . , 190,35 m3
27
G (m)
: (cm), (m2)
OG = (190,35) / (59,77) = 3,184 m (m3). -
(m3)
. / (m4).
(knot)
1852 m/hr. -
, , -
, . (MT).
(register ton)
, -
4.5 - register
. tonnage tonnage.
.
-
-
() 100 ft3.
[.. 2) .
(31) (32)]. , ,
Y1, 2 3 (. 4.4) (foot, ft) -
1, 2 3, [(in), 1 ft= 12 in],
(31): (ft2)
(ft3). -
V= [A1+4A 2+A 3 ]
3 (ft3)
zOy: / (ft4).

Mzy = [A1X1+4A 2 X 2+A 3 X 3 ] .
3
long ton
- (LT).
Simpson.
.
4.6 1. , -
. 100 m, , m: 0,2, 7,0,
9,0, 10,2, 10,4, 10,2, 9,8, 8,6 0,2. ,

Simpson

, -
.
SI,
2. -

,
.
m2, , : 100,

400, 800, 1400, 1700, 1900 2000.
:

1) .
Simpson.
20
29
28
27
26
25

5.1 . 5.2,
Simpson,
M ()
4.4 4.5, - Simpson
,
. 1/4 -
, .
, -
5.2 .
.
,
,
, ,

, :
. H -
1) .
, - 2) H -
, .
- 3) ( ) -
.
, - .
, 5.2
( ) , () -

1/4 . , .
-
1/2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 1
9
8 2 10
Y0
0 1 1 2 3 4 CF 5 6 7 8 9 9 1 10 x
2 2
1
2
2 2
1 1
2
2
1
2
{
2 2 2
/2 /21
4

4

4

4

1
/2 /2

0,5 2 1,5 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1,5 2 0,5
. 5.2
.
29

( ) - Simpson /3, 2 (
0 10. - x2), 2. :
Simpson
S4 = (/3) 2 2
( ), ,
, Ix, -
- 1/3 (
( . x) S3 :
. 4.4). S3 = (/3) (1/3) 2
-
. .
-
.
5.2.
o - 10,4 m
, 2 5.2.2 m.
- 104 m.
4.2 -
2 5.2.2
5.2. 1, 2, 3
5.2.1. 4. -
:
.
Si (S1, S2,... Sn) 2 2
S1 =
S = = = (10,4) = 6,933
(10,4) = 6,933
1 3
3 3
3
4.2, /3 - 2 2 2
S11 = 2 2 =
2
= 3 (10,4)2 = 72,106
3 3
Simpson -
x, x 2 2
S33 = = (10,4) = 2,311
2 9 9
.
233 2 3
, - S4 =
S = 749,91
= (10,4)3 = 749,91
Iy, S4, -
4 3 3
3
5.2.1
.

2
SSS1 === 222=== 22 2
() (26) y 11S 3= 2 3 =33
1 33
3 3
2 222
(y)
(28) yx SSS2 === 222=== 222 2
y 22S 3= 2 =3
2 33 33
3 3
y3 1 2
(29) SSS3 === 111222=== 222
() 3 33S 3= 3 2 9 =99
3 33 33
3 3 9
2 333
(30) yx2 SSS4 === 222222=== 222 3
y (y) 44S 3= 2 2 =3
4 33 33
3 3
30
5.2.2
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-

= 3 = (2)3

Simpson (2) (3) y = (4) (1) = (3) (6) y = (1) (5)
0 1,531 0,5 0,765 0,000 3,588 1,794 0,000

(0,5) 3,871 2,0 7,742 3,871 58,005 116,010 1,935
1 5,705 1,5 8,557 8,557 185,680 278,520 8,557
2 8,073 4,0 32,292 64,584 526,144 2104,576 129,168
3 9,280 2,0 18,560 55,680 799,178 1598,356 167,040
4 9,804 4,0 39,216 156,864 942,345 3769,380 627,456
5
9,839 2,0 19,678 98,390 951,312 1902,624 491,95
6
9,475 4,0 37,900 227,400 850,624 3405,496 1364,40
7
7,583 2,0 15,166 106,162 436,036 872,072 743,134
8
4,613 4,0 18,452 147,616 98,163 392,652 1180,928
9
9 (9,5) 1,963 1,5 2,944 26,496 7,564 11,346 238,464
10 1,070 2,0 2,140 20,330 1,225 2,450 193,135
10,5 0,638 0,5 0,319 3,190 0,259 0,129 30,190
1 = 203,731 2 = 919,14 3 = 14,452,405 4 = 5176,357
, yG
: .

= = S1 1 = 6,933 203,731 =
(25):
= 1412,467 m2
}}

y == yy = Iy A xG2 =
y =
y = 3881802 (1412,467) (46,92)2=
= M yy = S22 22 = 72,106 919,14
= M = S = 72,106 919,14 == 66275,5 m33
66275,5 m
= M y = S2 2 = 72,106 919,14 = 66275,5 m 3 = 772275 m4
}}

x == ,
x = ,
x
= I yy = S33 33 = (2,311)(14452,405) == 33399
= I = S = (2,311)(14452,405) m44
33399 m , , -
= I y = S3 3 = (2,311)(14452,405) = 33399 m 4

}}

-
=

x =
x = .
x
== IIyy == SS44
3 == (749,91)(5176,357)
(749,91)(5176,357) == 3881802 m44
3881802 m
= I y = S4 33 = (749,91)(5176,357) = 3881802 m 4 -
H , -
CF (center of

flotation).

-
(20):

M 66275,5
xG = y = = 46,92 m. .
A 1412,467
31
5.3 2 5.4.2 -
. 5 6.
-
:
- 11 11
S5S=
5 =
= = (10,4) = =3,466
(10,4) 3,466
. 33 33

11 2 2 11 2 2
. S6S=
6 =
= = (10,4)
(10,4)= =36,053
36,053
33 33

(station). - :
4.4.
= V = S5 6 =

= (3,466)(1570,972) = 5445 m3
}
. -
Bonjeau. = Mzy = S6 6 =
zOy
5.4 - = (36,053)(7386,18) = 266313 m 4
.
H -
H - (33):
, - 266313
(31), (32) (33), XV = = 48,911 m
5445
.
-
5.2.
- .

5.4.1.
5.5
.
.
o -
5 m. -
H ( -
) 10,4 m m2 (- . H
) 2 5.4.2. (
104 m.

5.4.1
E .

1
S5 =
(V) (31) 3S5 = 1
3
1 1
(32) S6 = 1 = 2 1 2
zOy (Mzyg) 3S6 =
3 =
3 3
32
5.4.2
.
1 2 3 4 5
()

m2 Simpson = (2) (3) zy = (4) (1)
0 1,979 0,5 0,989 0,000
(0,5) 11,948 2,0 23,896 11,948
1 26,925 115 40,387 40,438
2 53,847 4,0 215,388 430,776
3 73,820 2,0 147,640 442,920
4 87,142 4,0 348,568 1394,272
5 90,895 2,0 181,790 908,950
6 83,840 4,0 335,360 2012,160
7 59,099 2,0 118,198 827,386
8 30,485 4,0 121,940 975,520
9 11,829 1,5 17,744 159,691
9 (9,5) 8,063 2,0 16,126 153,197
10 5,892 0,5 2,946 29,046
5 = 1570,972 6 = 7386,718
) (hydrostatic curves).
. ,
-
5.6 . , -

-
. , -

-
,
,
,
-

(, ,
.
).
-

-
o .

, -
,
,
,
, -
.

. 1) -
, , - (volume of displacement displacement
in fresh water).
- , -
, , ()
- .

, , 5.4.2.
(hydrostatic sheet) O V
33
fw. O - 4) (ver-
m3 tical center of buoyancy VCB).
ft3. LT.
:
fw (MT) = V (m3 ) m ft.
, -
fw (LT) = V (ft3 )/36 (40)
.
(MT)=(LT)1,016 (41) 5) .

(molded volume, molded displacement) :
(volume overall, displacement ) , m2 ft2.
overall), , - )
, , m4 ft4.
)
, , - ,
... m4 ft4.
) -
2) (displacement in
(longitudinal center of flotation, LCF) -
salt water).

H
(
, ,
) m ft.
. -
H -
o
1,025. 5.2 (. 29).
o - 6) (tons per cm, TP1cm
( TPC) (tons per inch, 1in
) - TPI) .
-
. - ( 1,025),
(sw) cm in
1,025. ( 1,025).
: :
sw (MT) = (1,025) V (m3 ) (42) TPcm = PC = A(m2) 1,025/100 (44)

sw (LT) = V (ft3 )/35 (43)
TPin = TPI = A(ft2) / (12 35) = A(ft2)/420 (45)
3) (longi- .
tudinal Center of Buoyancy LCB).
7)

(KM).
( ) -
-
m

ft. -
. -
.
8.2. m ft.
. H
(O
-
).
,
:
xx
( 5.4.2). BMT = E = (46)
V
34
= + (47) , ,
-
8) /
(KML). . -
- :
- ) (block
. m ft. (O - coefficient).
12.6). V
Cb = (54)
V
: Cb = LBH V
LBH
BML = = yy (48) b =
) C (prismatic coef-
LBH
V
V
V ficient). CCpb ==
Vx
LBH
L = + L (49) Cp = LA V (55)
Cp =LA x
9) cm LA
V
A
x
in (moment to change trim 1 cm, MCT 1 cm) CCxp == ALA
) x (midship section
efficient). Cx = A BHx x
moment to change trim 1 inch (MCT 1 in).
To Cx =BHx (56)
BH
Ax
, CCwx =
) C A (water-
LB
BH
cm in ( w = A
plane coefficient). C w = LB
1,025). : LB
A
Cw = (57)
sw(MT) GMLL(m) MT m
sw LB
MCT1 cm = cm (50)
100 L (m) : L
(m ft), B (m ft), H
sw(LT) GMLL(ft) LT ft
sw (m ft),
MCT1 in = in (51)
12 L (ft) (m2 ft2), (m2 ft2) V
o (m3 ft3).
: GML
MCT1 cm = sw (MT)

sw (MT) GM
GMLL (m)
MT
(m)
MT m -
m

= (MT) BM (m)
MCT1
cm

MCT1 cm = sw 100
sw
L
(m)
100 L (m) cm
LL

MT cm m

m ft100LL
(m) cm
:
m ft. GML ft Cp=Cb/Cx (58)
sw (LT)
(LT) GM
GMLL (ft)
(ft) LT
LT ft
MCT1
in =
in
MCT1 = BM
sw
sw (LT),
BM
(ft) LT
ft
MCT1 in = sw 12 12
LL (ft) in in
L
: (ft)LL
12 L (ft) in -
5.6.
(MT)
sw (MT) BM
BML (m)
(m) MT
MT

mm -
MCT1 cm =
MCT1 cm = sw 100 L (m)L cm
(52) .
100 L (m) cm

(LT)
sw (LT) BM
BML (ft)
(ft) LT ft
LTin ft
MCT1 in =
MCT1 in = sw 12 L (ft)L in (53)
12 L (ft) -
10) (wet-
ted surface). . H
-
. S Cb. H

m2 ft2. .
( ) -
-

.
5.6 .
11) -
(form coefficients).
.
m
10

1 [LPP]
0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 (LCF), m
9 3)
(m

3 )
(m

CP
8

-
7,5 .

(), m
m)

1c
.

CT

(M

m
,
1c
(LCB)
,m

)
LBP = 134,62 m
KB)
5
PC
= = 18,745 m

(T
B

= D = 9,396 m
(m 3
(VC

(m)

1,0 m
1,0 m 2,0 m

2 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 (m3)
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 . (m2)
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 cm , PC
100 150 200 250 MCT1 cm (MT _ m/cm)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 KB - KM1 (m)
. 5.6
.
36
1. H
5.6
-
.
5.6 134,62 m.
-
, -
, -
7 m. H
, , -
-
.
.
, ,
H
-
.
. O 5.6
- . H
: , -
1) 12.400 m3. ( ), -
2) 12.440 m3. .
3) = KB = 3,8 m.
4) =
= = 7,84 m. 5.7 .
5) =

= TPcm = 20,6 (/cm). , -
6) 1 cm = .
= MCT1 cm =163 (m/cm). ,
7) = = 2088 m2.
8) = . -
1,54 m .
9) 0,34 m .
. 12.13 -
10) CB = 0,705. ,
- .
134,62/2, 67,31 m
, : ,
-
LCF = 67,31 1,59 = 65,72 (m) ,
LCB = 67,31 + 0,32 = 67,63 m .
5.7,
() LCB,
12,440 () -
sw = 1,025 12,440 = 12,751 (MT) .
.
2.
o V , LCB
- -
, 5.7, :
5.6, 1) 7 m.
14,350 . O 2) 6
: 8 m 3) 8 -
14,350 6 m.
V= = = 14,000 (m3 )
1,025 1,025 ,
5.6
.
E - PC MCT 1 cm LCB LCF

(m) () (MT/cm) (MTm/cm) (m) (m) (m)
13,00 61245 52,3 731,76 99,22 94,70 12,15
12,80 60198 52,2 725,76 99,30 94,74 12,10
12,60 59151 52,0 719,63 99,38 94,78 12,06
12,40 58104 51,8 713,37 99,46 94,83 12,03
12,20 57067 51,7 706,84 99,54 94,89 12,00
12,00 56038 51,5 700,31 99,63 94,96 11,97
11,80 55002 51,3 693,79 99,71 95,05 11,94
11,60 53979 51,1 687,28 99,80 95,15 11,92
11,40 52954 51,0 680,73 99,89 95,26 11,90
11,20 51933 50,8 674,53 99,98 95,38 11,88
11,00 50914 50,6 668,49 100,07 95,51 11,87
10,80 49912 50,5 662,58 100,17 95,65 11,86
10,60 48910 50,3 657,03 100,26 95,80 11,86
10,40 47908 50,1 651,36 100,35 95,95 11,87
10,20 46906 50,0 645,61 100,45 96,11 11,88
10,00 45905 49,8 639,84 100,54 96,28 11,90
9,80 44917 49,6 633,26 100,63 96,47 11,92
9,60 43931 49,5 626,58 100,72 96,67 11,95
9,40 42945 49,3 619,85 100,81 96,89 11,98
9,20 41960 49,1 613,31 100,90 97,13 12,02
9,00 40980 49,0 607,04 100,99 97,39 12,06
8,80 40002 48,8 601,63 101,07 97,68 12,11
8,60 39027 48,7 596,47 101,16 97,85 12,18
8,40 38053 48,6 591,56 101,24 98,03 12,25
8,20 37085 48,4 586,95 101,33 98,20 12,33
8,00 36116 48,3 582,66 101,41 98,36 12,41
7,80 35150 48,2 578,52 101,49 98,54 12,51
7,60 34185 48,1 574,58 101,57 98,71 12,62
7,40 33228 47,9 570,83 101,64 98,88 12,74
7,20 32262 47,8 567,17 101,72 99,05 12,88
7,00 31305 47,7 563,76 101,80 99,21 13,04
6,80 30348 47,6 560,31 101,88 99,38 13,20
6,60 29391 47,5 556,92 101,96 99,54 13,37
6,40 28432 47,4 553,58 102,04 99,71 13,57
6,20 27480 47,3 550,30 102,12 99,87 13,79
6,00 26535 47,2 547,06 102,20 100,03 14,04
5,80 25576 47,1 544,23 102,28 100,19 14,30
5,60 24628 47,0 541,10 102,35 100,36 14,59
5,40 23689 46,9 537,91 102,43 100,52 14,92
5,20 22755 46,8 534,68 102,51 100,69 15,28
5,00 21827 46,7 531,57 102,58 100,85 15,67
4,80 20892 46,6 528,42 102,66 101,01 16,11
4,60 19951 46,4 525,21 102,73 101,17 16,58
4,40 19023 46,3 521,96 102,81 101,32 17,11
4,20 18192 46,2 518,54 102,88 101,47 17,69
4,00 17204 46,1 514,99 102,95 101,62 18,33
3,80 16268 45,9 511,23 103,03 101,77 19,06
3,60 15349 45,8 507,31 103,10 101,92 19,87
3,40 14457 45,6 502,97 103,17 102,06 20,78
3,20 13565 45,4 498,39 103,24 102,21 21,84
3,00 12664 45,3 493,53 103,30 102,35 23,04
2,80 11758 45,1 488,22 103,37 102,49 24,35
2,60 10851 44,9 482,61 103,43 102,63 35,85
2,40 9959 44,7 476,43 103,50 102,77 27,60
2,20 9084 44,4 469,77 103,56 102,91 29,73
2,00 8206 44,1 462,56 103,62 103,05 32,49
38
14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20
100 200 300 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00
0 50 0
50
0
00
0 0
13 0
- 50
- 0
13
00
0
6.5
_
12
6.0
50
_
15000 m3 0 10.0
)
5.5
_
12
00
(m 3
0
5.0
_

11
4.5
_
50
15000 m3
4.0

_
11
15000 + 204 = 15204 m3 00

3.5
0

10000 m3 10 9.0
3.0
_

50
0 (m) (m) (m)

2.5

_
10
7,0 7,0 7,0

00
2.0
_
6,0 8,0 7,0

95 .5
00 _1 8,0 6,0 7,0

.0
_1

90
00

.5
5000 m3 _0 8.0

85 _ 0
00
+
.5
80
00 +0
8,3 8,2 8,0 .0
8,1 ( +1
75 KM
00 8,4 7,8 T ), .5
m +1
8,5 .0
70 8,6 +2 7.0
00 .5
8,7 +2
8,8 .0
65 +3
00 8,9
9,0 .5
m +3
60 9,1 ),
00 9,2 LCB .0
9,3 ( +4

9,4 .5 6.0
55 +4
00 9,5
.0
+5

50
00
45
00
5.0
40
00
(m)
35
00
4.0
(m)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
. 5.7
.
39
7 m. - , ,
12.2, -
5.7. .

5.7: .
,
0,4 , -
m , - .
2,25 m
2,90 m .
5.8 .
5.7.
-
-
( .
) -
. - ,
,
5.7
.
M
LCB KMT
(m3)
(m) (m)
(m) (m) (m) (m)
7 7 7 0 12.440 0,4 ( ) 7,81

6 8 7 2 ( ) 12.500 2,25 ( ) 7,88
8 6 7 2 ( ) 12.400 2,90 ( ) 7,75
LCB (ft)
38 38
38 38
160
(ft)
46
(ft)
(ft)
36 52000 25 36
36 8000 36
58
(ft)
34 48000 34
34 34
20
(LT)
32 44000 57 32

32 32

47
30 40000 55 30
30 150 7000 30
MCT1 in
15
28 50 28
28 38000 45 28

45
26 6000 10 26
26 48 40 26

140 32000
24 50 35 24
24 24
28000 5
30
(ft)
22 5000 22

22 52 22
130 24000 0 25 20
20 54 20
20
56
. 5.7
.
40

. .
(). (. 5.8) -
( )
( ) .
, -
. ( ) ,
-
(trim -
and stability manual) - .

. -
5.8 - (ullage). -
(
). O - [
(.
( 100%) - . 2.2)],
98%. .
, ,
, o
, - (. ).
5.8
- -
. .
510 m3 14,59 m3
1
B (m)
1,95

4

(m3)
5
100 200 300 400 500 600
11 12 13 14 15
(m)
. 5.8
(upper wing) .
5.8
.

100% 98%
B () -
'
1/SF -
(m3)
0,92 /m3 VCg (m) LCg (m) . m4
P Deep tank, P 214220 504 454 10,52 180,23 422
P Deep tank, S 214220 612 552 10,00 180,13 534
No 1 D.B Deep tank,
202214 467 421 2,02 173,76 1250
P+S
(wing) P + S 3946 657 592 13,23 30,57 720
, P 2123 64 58 13,36 14,93 20
x, P 1921 60 54 13,41 13,41 18
K, P 1219 172 155 13,51 10,15 38
, P 2940 33 30 1,29 25,51 30
, S 2639 33 30 1,03 24,32 29
Y () 1522 29 26 1,22 12,59 28
2372 9,56 116,99 3089

100% 98%
B () -
'
1/SF -
(m3)
0,86 /m3 VCg (m) LCg (m) . m4
X, S 2123 39 33 14,64 14,93 19
A , S 1823 112 94 12,95 13,47 57
A , S 1218 144 121 13,53 9,72 69
248 13,46 11,83 145

100% 98%
B () -

1/SF
(m3)
0,86 /m3 VCg (m) LCg (m) . m4
, 3435 3 3 14,94 24,47 8
, S 34,35 3 9 13,68 24,47 8
, P 3234 11 9 14,32 23,47 5
, P 3032 12 10 14,08 21,84 7
, P 2730 12 10 14,32 20,09 5
2 x, S 3436 11 12 14,32 24,84 7
1 x, S 3234 13 11 14,32 23,32 6
2 x, 2832 22 18 14,32 21,15 9
2 x, S 2428 22 19 14,32 18,17 7
Y () 2535 9 8 1,58 21,40 8
121 104 70
:
P = A, S = P + S = A + ().
42
. . , -
(,
H , -
..),
5.8
o -
50%. -
.
,
:
.
1)
O ,
(grain or bulk capacity).
, 510 m3. ,
-
50% , o
, -
255 m3. O

2.3 1,05 m3/T.
.
(6) :
2) (bale
255 capacity).
B = = 242,85
1,05 , -
H -
. ( ..).
1,95 m 5.9.1 -
13,5 m - .
.
, -

5.9 (cargo capacity). 5.9.2
. ,
O 5.9.2 -
39 cuft/tn, No 2,
. , 5655 tn, -
(. ) 1,158 tn/m3 No 3
, 8046 tn.
5.9.1
.

X
- -
(bale capacity)

(bulk cargo) M M -

(VCg), m (LCg) m
ft3 m3 ft3 m3 ft3 m3
1 192214 131301 3718 9,47 169,41 122614 3472 124980 3539
2 166192 216834 6140 8,09 153,00 202673 5739 205922 5831
3 142166 245360 6948 8,18 132,19 229336 6494 232938 6596
4 116142 264297 7484 8,15 109,19 250631 7097 254551 7208
5 94116 220719 6250 8,05 87,31 206628 5851 209877 5943
6 6894 263838 7471 8,15 65,31 250313 7088 254233 7199
7 4668 211678 5994 8,23 43,49 201719 5712 204958 5804
1554036 44005 8,26 104,52 1463914 41453 1487469 42120
2 (wing) 166192 36024 1020 14,59 152,98
P+S
3 (wing) 142166 39460 1116 14,58 131,98
P+S
4 (wing) 116142 42748 1210 14,58 109,12
P+S
5 (wing) 94116 36172 1022 14,58 87,17
P+S
6 (wing) 6894 42748 1210 14,58 67,66
P+S
7 (wing) 4668 35042 992 14,66 43,40
P+S
232194 6570 14,59 98,84
1786230 50575 9,08 103,78

5.9.2
(wing tanks) .
K
3 3
ft /LT MT/m No1 No2 No3 No4 No5 No6 No7
MT MT MT MT MT MT MT
1 35,901 133480 220432 249440 268683 224381 268216 215191
15 2,393 8897 14693 16627 17909 14956 17878 14344
16 2,244 8843 13778 15591 16794 14025 16764 13451
17 2,112 7852 12968 14674 15806 13200 15779 12659
18 1,994 7414 12243 13854 14923 12463 14897 11952
19 1,890 7027 11605 13132 14145 11813 14120 11329
20 1,795 6674 11021 12472 13434 11219 13410 10759
21 1,709 6354 10493 11874 12790 10681 12768 10244
22 1,632 6068 10020 11339 12214 10200 12193 9782
23 1,561 5804 9885 10846 11683 9756 11662 9357
24 1,496 5562 9185 10394 11196 9350 11177 8967
25 1,436 5339 8817 9977 10747 8975 10728 8607
26 1,381 5135 8479 9595 10335 8631 10317 8276
27 1,330 4945 8166 9241 9954 8313 9935 7972
28 1,282 4767 7871 8907 9594 8013 9578 7684
29 1,238 4603 7601 8602 9265 7736 9249 7421
30 1,197 4450 7350 8317 8958 7481 8943 7175
31 1,158 4305 7110 8046 8685 7238 8651 6941
32 1,122 4172 6889 7796 8397 7013 8382 6725
33 1,088 4045 6680 7559 8143 6800 8128 6521
34 1,058 3926 6484 7337 7903 6600 7888 6330
35 1,026 3815 6300 7129 7679 6413 7665 6150
36 0,997 3787 6122 6827 7462 6231 7449 5976
37 0,970 3606 5955 6740 7259 6063 7247 5814
38 0,945 3514 5802 6566 7072 5906 7060 5604
39 0,921 3424 5655 6399 6893 5756 6881 5520
40 0,898 3339 5514 6239 6721 5613 6709 5383
41 0,875 3257 5379 6085 6556 5475 6545 5251
42 0,855 3170 5250 5940 6399 5344 6388 5125
43 0,835 3109 5127 5802 6249 5218 6238 5005
44 0,816 3034 5010 5670 6107 5100 6095 4891
45 0,799 2957 4900 5545 5972 4986 6062 4783
46 0,780 2900 4789 5419 5838 4875 5827 4675
47 0,754 2841 4691 5306 5718 4775 5709 4579
48 0,748 2781 4593 5197 5598 4675 5588 4484
49 0,733 2725 4501 5093 5486 4581 5478 4394
50 0,718 2669 4409 4989 5374 4488 5364 4304
51 0,704 2617 4323 4891 5269 4400 5260 4220
52 0,690 2565 4237 4794 5164 4313 5155 4136
53 0,677 2517 4157 4704 5067 4231 5058 4056
54 0,665 2472 4083 4620 4977 4156 4968 3988
55 0,653 2428 4009 4537 4887 4081 4879 3914
56 0,641 2383 3936 4454 4797 4006 4789 3842
57 0,630 2342 3868 4377 4715 3938 4707 3725
58 0,619 2301 3601 4301 4633 3869 4625 3710
59 0,609 2264 3739 4231 4558 3806 4550 3550
60 0,596 2223 3672 4155 4475 3738 4468 3584
61 0,588 2186 3610 4085 4401 3675 4393 3524
62 0,579 2152 3555 4023 4333 3619 4326 3471
63 0,570 2119 3500 3960 4266 3563 4258 3417
64 0,561 2086 3445 3898 4199 3506 4191 3363
65 0,552 2052 3389 3835 4131 3450 4124 3309
( )

No2 No3 No4 No5 No6 No7
MT MT MT MT MT MT
1579824 36600 40091 43432 36751 43432 35603 1815732
105304 2440 2673 2896 2451 2896 2373 121033
98746 2288 2505 2715 2297 2715 2225 113491
92938 2153 2358 2554 2152 2554 2094 106803
87746 2033 2227 2413 2042 2413 1978 100852
83171 1926 2110 2286 1934 2286 1874 95587
78989 1830 2005 2171 1838 2171 1780 90784
75204 1742 1909 2069 1751 2069 1696 86440
71816 1663 1822 1974 1670 1974 1618 82537
68693 1591 1743 1889 1598 1889 1548 78951
65831 1525 1670 1809 1531 1809 1483 75658
63190 1464 1603 1737 1470 1737 1424 72625
60770 1407 1542 1670 1413 1670 1370 69842
58527 1355 1485 1608 1361 1608 1319 67283
56414 1307 1432 1551 1313 1551 1271 64839
54479 1262 1383 1498 1267 1498 1227 62614
52674 1220 1336 1448 1225 1448 1187 60538
50957 1181 1293 1402 1186 1402 1148 58569
49374 1144 1253 1357 1148 1357 1113 56749
47875 1109 1215 1316 1114 1316 1078 55024
46469 1076 1179 1277 1081 1277 1047 53406
45151 1045 1145 1241 1050 1241 1017 51890
43874 1017 1114 1207 1021 1207 989 50429
42685 990 1085 1173 994 1173 962 49062
41584 963 1056 1143 967 1143 937 47793
40528 939 1028 1114 942 1114 912 46577
39518 915 1003 1085 918 1085 890 45416
38540 893 977 1060 895 1060 868 44303
37625 872 955 1035 875 1035 847 43244
36745 851 933 1010 854 1010 828 42231
35908 832 911 986 835 986 810 41268
35117 813 891 955 812 955 791 40359
34328 796 872 944 799 944 774 39452
33621 779 853 925 782 925 758 38643
32916 762 835 904 765 904 742 37828
32256 747 818 885 750 886 726 37069
31397 732 802 869 735 869 712 36316
30980 717 786 851 720 851 698 35603
30364 704 771 835 707 835 685 34901
29792 691 757 820 694 820 672 34246
29262 678 743 805 681 805 659 33633
28735 665 728 789 669 789 647 33022
28207 653 716 775 656 775 636 32418
27723 642 703 762 644 762 625 31861
27240 631 691 749 634 749 614 31308
26793 621 680 737 623 737 604 30800
26315 611 669 724 613 724 593 30249
25874 599 657 712 602 712 583 29739
25479 590 646 701 592 701 574 29283
25083 581 636 689 583 689 565 28826
24688 572 627 679 574 679 557 28376
24290 563 617 669 565 659 548 27921
20
29
28
27
26
25
6.1 . -
, ,
H . -
, -
.
,
, - 0 (light ship weight)
- , G0.
.
(light ship) :
1) LCG0 (Longitudinal Center of Gravity of light
(inclining experiment) (. ship ), ,
. 8.5). -
( m ft
) G0
(. 1.2).
. 2) VCG0 (Vertical Center of Gravity of light
ship ), -
m ft -
, , - G0,
, - z.
, , , -
- K,
, VCG KG0.
. -
.
- , TCG0 (Trans-
, verse Center of Gravity of light ship
) m ft
. G0,
y.
: 1)
. 2) - 6.3
. 3) . 4) - -
. 5) . 6) .
. 7) . 8) -
.
-
6.2 , ,
. ,
-
H .
47
LCG
w3
LCG0
w6
g3
g5
W L
g1 g2 G0 G g4 g6
w1 w5
LCg1 w2
LCg2 0 w4
LCg3
AP . 6.3
LCg4

LCg5 ( ).
LCg6
6.3
0 G0 . -
LCG0. VCg6, VCg2 ...
(w1, w2, w4 w5 , ,
LCg1, 90 (
LCg2, LCg4 LCg5 ) - )
(w3 w6 - -
LCg3 LCg6 ). .
(16) -
(LCG), :
.
VCG = 0 (VCG0) + w1 (VCg1) + w2 (VCg2)
H -
(14) w3 (VCg3) + w4 (VCg4) + w5 (VCg5)
(16), - w6 (VCg6) / 0 + wi =
= 0 (VCG0) + wi (VCg1) / 0 + wi =
. = 0 (VCG0) + wi (VCg1) / (61)
(14) :
= 0 + w1 + w2 w3 + w4 + w5 w6 =
= 0 + wi (59)
wi
. w6
(16) : VCg6
G G0
K
LCG = 0 (LCG0) + w1 (LCg1) + w2 (LCg2) g2 g2
w3 (LCg3) + w4 (LCg4) + w5 (LCg5) VCg2
w2
w6 (LCg6) / 0 + wi =
VCg0
= 0 (LCG0) + wi (LCg1) / 0 + wi =
= 0 (LCG0) + wi (LCg1) / (60) VCG
wi (LCgi) 0

. . 6.3
6.3 - ( ).
48
(61) wi (VCgi) -
- -
. (59), (60)
, (61). ( -

, ),
(62).
-
.
6.4.1
. , ,
, , - -
- .
-
, m3, -
, , ,
-
, , -
.

, -
.
- (. 8).
: -

0 (TCG0 ) + w i (TCg1 ) -
TCG = (62)
. H 13157 m 6 ..
H - ( 4)
. ( 5) 206
tn/m 8 -
6.4 - ( 4)
( 7).
.
,
O -
.
- ,
( -
). .
, , - ,
. - -
(departure). ,
- 5.8.
, , o
.
-
(arrival) 6.4.2. H -
-
(intermediate) 6.4.1
. 5.9.1.
49
6.4.1.
( ).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
=
= (4) (7) () m
= (4) (5) m
=
(m)
(m4)

(m)

= (2) (3)
(m3)
MT/m3c
1/S F
B =

Deep tank, P 79 73 180,23 13157 2,82 206 422
Deep tank, S 127 117 180,13 21075 3,00 351 534
No 1 D.B, P 229 211 173,76 36663 2,02 426 625
No 1 D.B, S 322 211 173,76 36663 2,02 426 625
(wing), P 322 296 30,57 9049 13,23 3916 360
(wing), S 29 296 30,57 9049 13,23 3916 360
X, P 59 27 14,93 403 11,68 315 20
X, S 169 54 13,41 724 13,41 724 18
K, P 33 155 10,15 1573 13,51 2094 38
D.B, P 33 0,92 30 25,51 765 1,29 39 30
D.B, S 30 24,32 729 1,03 31 29
Y ()
1631 0,92 1500 86,57 129850 8,30 12444 3061

X, S 21 18 14,93 268 13,85 249 19
A , S 109 94 13,47 1266 12,95 1217 57
A M, S 141 0,86 121 9,72 1176 9,72 1176 69
271 0,86 233 11,63 2710 11,34 2642 145

, 3 3 24,47 73 14,94 45 8
, 3 3 24,47 73 13,66 41 8
A, 11 9 23,47 211 14,32 129 5
A, 12 10 21,94 219 14,08 141 7
A, 12 10 20,09 201 14,14 141 5
2 , S 14 12 24,84 298 14,32 172 7
1 , S 13 11 23,32 257 14,32 158 6
2 , P 22 19 21,15 402 14,32 272 9
1 , P 22 19 18,17 345 14,32 272 7
Y () 9 0,86 8 21,40 171 1,45 12 6
121 0,86 104 21,64 2250 13,30 1383 68

, P 77 77 3,66 282 14,98 1154 42
, S 77 77 3,66 282 14,98 1154 42
, P 27 27 3,35 91 14,84 401 1
, S 27 27 3,35 91 14,84 401 1
T S 17 17 29,84 507 1,22 21 26
T S 12 1,00 12 30,17 362 1,22 15 19
237 1,00 237 6,81 1615 13,24 3146 132
P = , S = , = = .
50
6.4.3 3)
- -

.
- 4)
. : -
1) - .
6.4.2. H -
2) - -
6.4.1. (59), (60) (61) ,
6.4.2
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(m)
=
= (4) (7) () m
= (4) (5) m
=

= (2) (3)
(m)
(m3)
MT/m3c
1/S F
B =

No 1 3715 2967 169,41 502639 9,47 28097

No 2 6140 4900 153,00 749700 8,09 39641
No 3 6948 5545 135,19 732994 8,18 45358
No 4 7484 5972 109,19 652083 8,15 48672
No 5 6250 4988 87,31 435502 8,06 40203
No 6 7471 5962 65,31 389378 8,15 48590
No 7 5994 4783 43,49 208013 8,23 39364
1 , P
1 , S
2 , P 510 407 152,98 62263 14,59 5938
2 , S 510 407 152,98 62263 14,59 5938
3 , P 558 445 131,98 58731 14,58 6488
3 , S 558 445 131,98 58731 14,58 6488
4 , P 605 483 109,12 52705 14,58 7042
4 , S 605 483 109,12 52705 14,58 7042
5 , P 511 408 87,17 35565 14,58 5949
5 , S 511 408 87,17 35565 14,58 5949
6 , P 605 483 67,66 32680 14,58 7042
6 , S 605 483 67,66 32680 14,58 7042
7 , P 496 396 43,40 17186 14,66 5774
7 , S 496 0,798 396 43,40 17186 14,66 5774
50575 0,798 40361 103,78 4188569 9,08 366391
} = 4188569/40361 = 103,78 m

} = 366391/40361 = 9,08 m
K
51
6.4.3
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
=
= (3) (6) () m
= (3) (4) m
=
(m4)

(m)

B ()

MT/m3
1/S F
(. 6.4.2) 0,798 40361 103,78 4188569 9,08 366391
(. 6.4.1) 0,920 150 12,29 1844 12,22 1833 7
(. 6.4.1) 0,860 50 11,58 579 12,08 604 8
(. 6.4.1) 0,860 59 21,86 1290 12,25 723 6
(. 6.4.1) 1,000 79 13,28 1049 8,96 708 13
1,025
101 72,65 7338 15,91 1607
Deadweigt 40800 102,96 4200669 9,11 371866

12432 87,57 1088670 12,08 150179
53232 99,36 5289339 9,91 522045 34
} = 5289339/53232 = 99,36 m

} = 522045/53232 = 9,81 m
K
, - , -
: -
1) = 53232 . , (
2) H - ).
LCG = 99,36 , -
.
3) H .
VCG = 9,81 m - .. .
. -
- ,
-
, .

. ,
.
.
6.5 .
No 1 16 m,
12 m 6 m. H
80 m .
52
, .
6.5 : 3 = = 6 12 2= 144 m3
() 2,112 w3 = = 144 0,57 =82 MT
MT/m3. 6
6 93 m
B () 0,835 LCg 33 =
LCg 80 +
= 80 10 +
+ 10 +2= = 93 m
MT/m3. 2
() 0,57 2
2 5m
MT/m3 . VCg 33 =
VCg =44++2= =5m
2
6.5.
80 m :
w = 1904 MT
LCg = 167362/1904 = 87,90 m
2m

VCg = 4654/1904 = 2,44 m
A
4m 6.6
.
10 m 6m
. 6.5
( ). , , -

: .
-
.
.
1 = = 16 1 24 = 768

w1 = = 768 2,112 = 1622 .
16
LCg 80++16 == 88
LCg1 == 80 88 m
m
-
22
1
4 , -
VCg1 == 4 == 22 m
VCg m
1 2
2
.
2 = = 10 12 2 = 240 m3 1.2.
w2 = = 240 0,835 = 200 H -
10
LCg11 = 80 + = 85 m -
2
,
2 ( )
VCg 22 = 4 + = 5 m
2 .
6.5
1 2 3 4 5 6
LCG VGg K

() (m) ( m) = (2) (3) (m) ( m) = (2) (5)
1622 88 142736 2 3244
200 85 17000 5 1000
82 53 7626 5 410
1904 167362 4654
53
:
, - w
LCG2 = LCG1 (LCg1 LCg2 )
0
w w
. LCG2 LCG1 (LCg1 LCg2 ) = gg (63)
0 0 1 2
-
- : g1g2 -
.
. , -
- , (63)
- :
w i (g1g2 )i
- LCG2 LCG1 = (64)

,
: (g1g2)i w1,
-
(g1g2)2 w2 (g1g2)i Wi.
.

-
, , :
-
, w i (g1g2 )i (65)
- VCG2 VCG1 =

g1g2
. .
-
3. 6.6.1,
.
w (LCg1)
(LCg2) 1.
. -

LCG1, - 6.4.3, -
LCG2,
6.6.1. -
2 4 - .
:
. H 1) 60 tn
: No 1 -

0 (LCG0 ) w(LCg1 ) + w(LCg 2 ) 2) 500 tn No
LCG2 =
0 3 No 5.
6.6.1
.
1 2 3 4

= (2) (3)
() (m)
LCG1 (LCG1)
w LCg1 w(LCg1)
+w LCg2 + w(LCg2)
(LCG1) w(LCg1) + w(LCg2)
54
- -
. , :
:
(g1g2)
() (m)
6.4.3:
= 53232 300 10
LCG1 = 99,36 m 100 +5
-
w i (g1g 2 )i
VCG 2 VCG1 = =
5.8 5.9.1.
6.6.2. (300) ( 10) + (100) (5)
H = =
53232
:
3000 + 500 2500
LCG2 = 5258003/53232 = 98,77 m = = = 0,047
53232 53232
2. , VCG1 6.4.3 9,81
m, :

6.4.3, - VCG2 = VCG1 0,047 = 9,81 0,047 = 9,763 m

- 6.7 .
.
. -
1) 300 tn 10 m ,
. -
2) 100 tn 5 m ,
. . -
,
. .

: ,
, - . , -
( , -
), (65). .
6.6.2
.
1 2 3 4
= (2) (3)

() (m) ( m)
53232 99,36 5289339

60 173,76 10426
+60 25,51 +1530
500 132,19 66095
+500 87,31 +43655
53232 5258003
55
, , -
,

.
-

-

.
-
(. 6.7).
6.8 .
. 6.7
- .
6.6 ,
(64) (65) :
. 1) :

LCG2- LCG1 = (wl) / ( + w) (64)

VCG2- VCG1 = (wh) / ( + w) (65)
.
2) :

LCG2- LCG1 = (wl) / ( w) (64)
-
- VCG2- VCG1 = (wh) / ( w) (65)
. : (
w , -
h , ) -
l . h l.
20
29
28
27
26
25
- -
7.1 - ,
.

, - . -
:

, o , P = pgH + Patm = + Patm (66)
: P
. , , g -
H , H
,
, , Patm .
.
. 7.1, -
-
. ,
- (
,
).
. -
7.1 (buoyancy)
. . -
( )
( ) -
,
.
,

,
()
:
1)
, .
2) , -
H , -
( ) .
, -
( )
,
. 7.1
-
. .
57

, .
, -
,
: -
1) H - .

( 1,0,
- 1,007 1,035,
). .
2) ,
( )
( ) .
:

}} =
=
}} =
= .
= -
= (67)

H (67) , (
, ) -
- .
. -
,
o (displacement) .
( ,
). [ (67) -
(40), (41), (42) (43), (
. 5.6]. ,
),
o 1,025.
,
,

, ,
.
(67). o -
-

.
. ,
7.2 - , -

.
.
-
. , ,
. -
(). -
, -
, .

. -
:

1) (loadline
hydrometers), -
58
(inclining 7.3
experiment)
(loadline survey). .
2) (draft
survey hydrometers),
(apparent
weight) . - , ,
(67),
.
, -
,
-
-
.
, -

.
, -
-
, -
,
:
(67), .
,
. , -
:
= RDfw (67) ,
-
: t/(m3), RD
.
-
, -
15oC fw 4, -
- . ,
, 2. -
- , 5, -
(apparent) .
: -
AD = A (67) (54),
Cb,
: t/m3, A
t/m3 AD - ,
(apparent) tf/m3 .

0,9991 t/m3 0,0012 7.4
t/m3, RD AD .
:
AD = RD 0,002 (67) -

, - .
.
h -
- , -
RD Sp.gr , . -
,
Kg/L + ( - ( ) ,
)1. , -
1
www.rina.org.uk/hres/
anaapr98.pdf [ (RINA), ].
59
, - , -
. -
.
, -
.
. , .
o -
,
-
,
. , -

(. 7.6)
. .
O
7.5 (reserve buoyancy).
-
. (. 15.5) -

, - -
, -
, . ,
- ,
: .
1)
( -
, ).
. (freeboard) -
, -
,
- , -
.
2) - .
,
, 7.6 -
- (Fresh Water Allowance FWA).
. -
( WL
) - ,
, ( ). -
. -
,
, ,
- .
: V
. T - = 1,025 / m3, w
. , , - V ( ),
. V+v =
1,000 / m3, v -
, - w v :
, FWA mm
60

: DW,
=1,025 -
1,000 (V + v ) = 1,025 (V)
(.
v = 0,025 V = V/40 w = W/40 . 15.2).
:
w = [(FWA)/10] PC1 cm
DWA = FWA (1025 1000 DW)/ 25
:
[(FWA)/10] PC1 cm = W/40 1.
FWA ( mm) = W / (4 TPC1 cm) N
FWA ( mm) = / (4 TPC1 cm)
,
= 1,018.
FWA -
:
, , -
. FWA ( mm) =
15.3(5), 293 mm.
FWA - :

DWA = FWA (1025 1000 DW)/ 25 =
(fresh water load line)
(fummer load line) . = 293 (1025 1018)/25 = 82 mm
FWA
- 2.
-
5.6 10,8 m
, DW (dock
. water) 1,017.
,
.
- ( 1,025) -
13 m. 11,4 m
( = 1,000). .
5.6 - :
13 m: 5.6
= 61245 TP1cm = 52,3 MT/cm
(1,025) 10,8 m 49912
: (
FWA ( mm) = / (4 TPC1) = 1,025) :
= 61245/(4 52,3) = 293 mm
V1 = 49912/(1,025) = 48694 (m3)
DW 1,017
7.7 :
(Dock Water Allowance DWA). 1 = 1,017 48694 = 49522 MT
, 11,4 m 1,025
mm, ( - 5.6, o
) 52954 .
, - :
61
: -
,
52954 49522 = 3432 MT.
.
3. -
,
TPCDW 5.7,
TPCSW DW. -
: ,
(44) : .

TPCSW = A(m2) sw /100 -

:
, -
TPCDW = A(m2) DW /100 ( )

: .
(TPCDW) / (TPCSW) = DW/ sw
, ,
TPCDW = (TPCSW) (DW/ sw )

TPCDW = (TPCSW) (DW/ 1,025) ,
.

7.8 ()
, . , ,

, 1,025 MT/m3.
( ), - ,
. -
, (67).
, -
- .
, -

. 5.6, 1,025 1,015,
, - 7 m.
.
:
1 -
5.6, 7 m,
, 5.6
. , :
, V = 12440 m3
-
, 1,025 :
= (1,025) (12440) = 12751
-
. 1,015
, = (1,015) (12440) = 12627 .
-
62
7.9 cm in . 1.
7.9 - -
WL - 5.6 8 m.
500
1 cm, ,
W1 L1. .
H - .
:
5.6 8 m :
, -
1 cm. , TPC = 48,3 /cm
WL W1L1 :
(m2), o = (500)/(48,3) = 10,35 cm
:
= 8 + (10,35)/(100) = 8,1035 m
1
= (1 cm) A(m 2 )
100 2.
, 1,025, - 100 ft
35 ft
: 10 ft. -
A(m 2 ) 1,025
= , 0,25 ft;
100
H :
- H :
1 cm ( cm -
, TPC). : A(ft2) = 100 35 = 3500 (ft2)
(69):
A(m 2 ) 1,025
TPC = (MT / cm) (68)
100 A(ft 2 ) 3500
TPI = = = 8,33 (LT / in)
420 420
: 0,25 ft
A(ft 2 ) A(ft 2 )
TPI = = (LT/in) (69) (3"), :
12 35 420
w = ( ) = 3 8,33 = 25 LT
TPC -
- H , -
, -
, .
.
3.
100 m, 11 m -
Cw = 0,83.
TPC.
W1 L1
W L :
(57) :
A
Cw =
LB
. 7.9
TPC . = Cw LB = (0,83) (100) (11) = 913 m2
63
(68): 1.
913 1,025
TPC = = 9,36 MT (cm)
100 , -
(.. ).
:
7.10 TPC
sw fw
.
,
(68) V
TPC , ( ), :
, -
. TPC
A
= V sw

}}
A = V V fw
sw V fw

.
,
K
}}
K = fw
= fw

-
- : m
m2.
1,025.
TPC . :
-
(68) ( V (sw fw) = Afw
) V sw
, .. = 1 (70)
fw
1,015, -
. - 2.

1%.
- 5.6 , ,
TPC - 8 m.
, - .
, :
, - 8 m, ( .
-
5.6) 36116 TPC = 48,3 MT/cm.

:
. 36116
V= = 35235 m3
1,025

, (68):
12. 100 100
A= TPC = (48,3) = 4712 m3
7.11 1,025 1,025
TPC. (70 ):
7.4 V sw 35235 1,025
, , = 1 = 1,0 =
fw 4712 1,0
.
35235
= 0,025 = 0,187 m
4712
TPC.
64
Deadweight

/cm
MCT1 cm
(MT)
()
E
TPC
(m)
()

SW fW ft m SW fW SW fW
6119
T.F. 32
25000
18000 31 31
188 191
17000 24000 280
F
. 7.12 6
191 191
24000
L R S 17000 30
. 16000 9 23000
270
16000 29 23000
22000 31
15000
28 22000 30 260
15000
14000 21000
7 27 21000
14000 250
20000
7.12 . 13000
13000
26 8
20000
30
19000 240
12000
25
12000
19000 29
, 6 11000 24
18000
18000
230
11000
, 10000 23 7 17000
(deadweight 10000 17000

29
22 16000 220
scale). 9000
9000
16000
28
H (. 7.12) - 21
5 8000 15000
15000
8000
20
14000 210
, 7000
7000
19 14000
. - 6000 13000
28
18
, 6000 13000
4 27
deadweight , 5000
5000 17 12000
12000 200
5
ft m, 4000
16 11000
11000
, TPC 4000
27
15
MCT1 cm (MTm/cm). 3000
3000
10000
10000
190
3 14 26
H 2000 9000
, . 2000 13 4 9000
- 1000
12 8000
8000 26 180
1000
. 25
11
deadweight - 2 0
0
7000
7000
170
10 3 25
6000
15. 9
6000
.
8,28 m
Deadweight 10400
Deadweight 10000
7.12, 7 m. 23 ft
: 17320
16880
, TPC 29,16 /cm
7 m, TPC 28,48 MT/cm
MCT1 cm 225 m/cm
. :
20
29 :
28
27
26 :
25 ( )
8.1 . . 1)

2)
Gxyz.
, -
(6) , -
. , ,
o .
.

,
, ,
, -
, -
,
,
.
. -
:

1) z,
.
.
, 2) x,
, , (heel).
3) y,
. (trim).
- -
, ,
- x, -
- .
, Gxyz (. 8.1).
z
. -
-
, : y, .

z (-
)
(surge), y
(sway), z
(heave),
G
x
(roll),
y (pitch) -
y
z (yaw).
. 8.1
. . -
66
. ,
(intact stability) -
(damaged stability).
.
-
(intact condition), .
, -
. ,
- 10,
(.. .
), , -
,
(damaged condition). (initial stability) -
( (stability at large angles).
),
,
: .
1) , -
. 8.2 . -
2) , .
.
O :
1) , -
,
- .
, 2) -
- ( -
),
(, , ..). .
3) H

, - ( )
.
, , -
. (..
) ,
( ) , (.
, , -
, ) -
. ,
, :
, 1) H , -
, o . -
( .
(transverse stability), . 8.2).
G .
x (longitudinal stability) 2) -
y (. 8.1). ,
- .
, - 8.2, , o -
67
- GZP 10.2
, . GZ
8.2()
(- :
) , ,
. - = GZ (71)
: ()
GZ -
, ( .
) . (
, - o )
,
- :
( )
x. = G (72)
, : GMT
G .
H ,
8.2 : ) -
, -
( ), ) -
,
( )
) (- G Z
). () B

, -
, o

,

G
. Z
MT
(transverse metacenter) .
(
) , , ()
B

.
10.2.1
10.2
, (-
), G MT
-
10.2 GZ.
-
() B

.
, ,
. 8.2
. : )
. ) . ) .
68
, - 3) GM .
, 8.2()
. : -
1) - , -
, .
, .
. -
-
[. 8.2()].
2) - .
,
, -
. ,
[. 8.2()]. GM . -
10.10 -
- ,
, .
- -
. -

. (72). ,
- (. . 10).
3 -
GM -
2 , ( ) -
, - .
3 , GM ,
.
, - ().
,
, stiff ship.
3 3 . GM .
, - tender ship.

-
, -
, - ().
,
. .
3)
, , -

.
[. 8.2()]. 8.2, K, B, G -
GMT -

.
.
-

:
, :
+ = G + GMT
1) CM .
2) GM GMT = KB + BMT KG = KMT KG (73)
69

GMT = KMT KG = 11,905 9,81 = 2,095 m
G
2.

B 7;
:

H
. 8.2 (71), 7 = 0,12187
.
= GMT =
: KB = (53232) (2,095)
, (0,12187) = 13591 m
( 4 . 5.6),
, - .
(46) ( 7 . 5.6) KG , -
, ,
:
- =
57,3
6.4.
:
, , 7
= = 0,1221
KB + BMT = KMT. 57,3 57,3
1. =
= (53232) (2,095) (0,1221) = 13316 m

, - 3.
5.6, -
6.4.3. 100 ft,
35 ft 20 ft 10 ft.
: -
6.4.3 : = 53232
KG = 9,81 m. - ;
5.6, (
:
53232 ) :
H -
53232 52954 100 ft 35 ft.
Hm = 11,40 + 0,20 =
53979 52954 (23):
278 bh3 100 353
= 11,40 + 0,20 = = = = 357291,6 ft 4
1025 12 12
= 11,40 + 0,20 0,271 = 11,40 + 0,0542 = (46):
= 11,4542 m
Ixx 357291,6 357291,6
BMT = = = = 10,208 ft
, - V 100 35 10 35000
:

53232 52954
= 11,90 + (11,92 11,90) = ,
53979 52954
. :
= 11,40 + 0,20 0,271 = 11,905
10
KB = = 5 ft
(73): 2
70
= + = 5 + 10,208 = 15,208 ft -
Q.
GM = 0 = KMT KG.
,
:
-
KMT KG = 0 KG = KMT = 15,208 ft , (72),
Q.
, , -
8.3 . -
.
, -
, (72).
( - ,
), -
- ,
, .

.
-

.

( )

:
1) H
.
. 8.3

.
,

. -
, , , -
-

,

(..
).
2) H . H
. 8.3

.
. O -
8.3,
.
3) H ,
8.3, -
1 -
.

4) H
, o
8.3. -
, ,
, - . 8.3
( ). .
71
,
. H - , ,
GM 0,15 m.

, 8.4 .

. H -

, - , ,
, ,
- .
- , -
, - .
. (73)
, ,
, : KG.
1) o KM -
, ,
, - KG
. ,
2) 6.4.1, 6.4.2 6.4.3.
, -

- -
. -
3) .
H -
( ), -
.
- ,
-
, -
, 13. (inclining experiment).
-
8.5 . -
, ,
.
:
1) (tankers):
8.5.1 -
0,50 2,00 m.
.
2) (double hull
tankers): 2,00 5,00 m.
3) (general cargo ships): -
0,30 0,50 m. ,
4) (con- ,
tainer ships): 1,50 2,50 m. .
5) (bulk ore carriers): -
2,00 3,00 m.
6) Ro-Ro: 1,40 1,60 m. ,
,
(. 5.6),
. -
. 6.4.1. H , -
72
, 3) ,
: -
1) B B. B
, G,
GG.
:
. , = wd.
. = GG.
2) H ,
. :

GG = wd
, -
GG
. = GM . :
, o G = wd

wd
GMT = . (74)
.

w d,
(.. -
, ), ,

( v ,
) , -
, (74)
. .
- , (75)
. ,
KG .
, - , -

(inclining experiment) , , -
Draft Survey ( ). .
-
- l.
. ,
8.5.2 .

8.5
d
( -
) WL w w
. - w
W
-
d, : W1 L1
1) W1L1 G G' L
WL. B '
2)
G G, GG -
. 8.5
W . .
73

,
(

) 1 2.

-
. -
,

().
. 8.5 ,
. ,

(. 8.5),
,
, : .
,
= . (75)
l -
-
8.5.3 . ,
. ,
, , .
. , -
, -
. .
, -
- .
, -
, .
( ) ,
, . -
, , , . -
-
, -
, (hog-
ging sagging). H , -
- .
12.22. ,

. - -
, , -
, - .

8.5.4 .

(inclining experiment report). H

, - ,
. - , .
- -
,
- ,
30 cm. ,
- 7.2.
74
d
, -
-
. A B

-
( ) -
,
. 8.5
. - .

- = 188/6 = 31,33 cm.
(, , (75):
. 8.5).
31,33 /100
: = = = 0,00447 .
1) . l 7
2) B . (74):
3) B wd 100
. GMT = = = 0,372 .
(6000) (0,00447)
4) .
5) B. (73):
6)
G=KMTGMT=8,320,372=7,928.
.
.
, , 4 8.5 -
, o
(. .
),
.
8.5.6 .
8.5.5 -
. -

H -
, (inclining experiment re-
. port), :
1) ,
. .
2)
.
.
, - 3)
.
8.5.4, 4)
6000 = 8,32 m. .
4 , 5) -
10 . H -
10 m. .
7 m 31, 63, 1, 30, 6)
62 0 cm. (KG) .
. 7) -
.
8.5. H
75
8.5
.
1 2 3 4 5 6
A

- - 100 (MTm)

(m) (m) (cm) cm
100 100 0 = 100 31 31 0 = 31 31
200 200 100 = 100 63 63 31 = 32 32
,
0 0 200 = 200 1 1 63 = 62 31

100 100 0 = 100 30 30 1 = 31 31
200 200 (100) = 100 62 62 (30) = 32 32
,
0 0 (200) = 200 0 0 ( 62) = 62 31

188
MSC.267(85)]
, .
- -
. , :
- 1)
( - .
) , 2) .
3)
. .
4) -
8.5.7 -
.
.
5) , , -
.
() o 6) -
, .
. , 7) , -
U.
, . 8) .
H 9)
- (freeboard).
. 10) -
.
.

19.3 19.
, ,
8.5.8 .
.
IMO
, -
- , o
, - .
(IMO Res
76
-
- (78)
. :

= CB (78)
-
. H - : B m ft C

. : C = 0,42,
- : C = 0,35,
- : C = 0,38 0,40.
, (76 78) , -
. - , -
.
. H
8.5.9 - sallying
. experiment. -
-
, .

. - -
.
. -
- -
, , 2 3 ,
. -
, . -
.
8.6 ,
. -
.
, ,
, .
H -
x (),
, , ,
(76) - .
(77). -
2K
( ) (76)
GMT .

1,108K
( ) (77)
GMT , -
: (zig-zag maneuver),
sec, GM m .
ft -
.
m ft.
.

, o 11 m.
, 28,95 m. -
77
2
K xx 2
( - (
B/) F[CB Cx + 1,10 Cx (1 CB)
) 15,8, (D /H 2,2) + D2 /B2] (79)
1 1
16,0 16,9 sec. D
2
D1
. : FCB
CB oC x
+ 1,10 C x (1 CB )
-
2,2 + 12
O : H, C x o , H H B

15,8 + 16,0 + 16,9 m ft, D1 = D + ,
= = 16,23 sec L
-
3
m2 ft2, D
(78): m ft, B m ft,
= CB = (0,42) (28,95) = 12,159 m. m
ft F : 0,125
(76): 0,133 .
K 2xx (12,159)2 ,
GMT = 4 =4 = 2,245 m
T2 (16,23)2 (79)

H - .

100 m, - 1.
IMO (International aritime rganization).
- -
C. - o
-
5.6.
8.7 - -
. :
L = 192 m
- B = 28,95 m
D = 16,306 m

. - = 700 m2
Kxx.
D1 = D + A/L = 16,306 + 700/192 = 19,951 m
H , -
- H (79) -
: 8.7.1, 9
8.7.1
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
PC TPC 100 K xx K xx =

(
CB =
V C =
( - x 1,025 LB B = 7 (8)
5.6, LBH B
(m) V =(2)/1,025 5.6) (m)
) [ (81)]
5,0 21827 21294 0,766 46,7 0,819 0,184 0,429 12,419
6,0 26535 25887 0,776 47,2 0,828 0,168 0,410 11,869
7,0 31305 30541 0,785 47,7 0,837 0,157 0,397 11,493
8,0 36116 35235 0,792 48,3 0,848 0,150 0,387 11,203
9,0 40980 39980 0,799 49,0 0,860 0,145 0,381 11,030
10,0 45905 44785 0,805 49,8 0,874 0,142 0,377 10,914
11,0 50914 49672 0,812 50,6 0,888 0,141 0,375 10,856
12,0 56038 54671 0,819 51,5 0,904 0,140 0,374 10,827
13,0 61245 59751 0,827 52,3 0,918 0,139 0,374 10,827
78
. 2.

, sallying
26 12 sec, (76) 9,5 m, -
, 16 sec.
8.7.2. .
H
8.7, - 8.7.
-
. 1,5 m.
8.7.2

.
( (78) )
= (
, (sec)
(m) 8.7.1)
26 24 22 20 18 16 15 14 13 12
5,0 12,419 0,912 1,071 1,274 1,542 1,904 2,377 2,741 3,147 3,649 4,283
6,0 11,869 0,833 0,977 1,163 1,408 1,739 2,200 2,503 2,873 3,332 3,911
7,0 11,493 0,781 0,917 1,093 1,321 1,631 2,064 2,348 2,695 3,126 3,669
8,0 11,203 0,742 0,871 1,037 1,255 1,549 1,961 2,231 2,561 2,970 3,486
9,0 11,030 0,719 0,844 1,004 1,216 1,502 1,900 2,161 2,481 2,878 3,377
10,0 10,914 0,704 0,827 0,984 1,191 1,471 1,861 2,117 2,430 2,818 3,308
11,0 10,856 0,697 0,818 0,973 1,178 1,455 1,841 2,094 2,404 2,788 3,272
12,0 10,827 0,693 0.814 0,968 1,172 1,447 1,831 2,083 2,391 2,774 3,255
13,0 10,827 0,693 0,814 0,968 1,172 1,447 1,831 2,083 2,391 2,774 3,255
13,0
12,5
12,0
11,5
11,0
10,5
10,0
(m)
9,5
c
26 se
9,0
c
c
20 sec
18 sec
sec
sec
24 se
16 sec
22 se
= 13 sec
= 12 sec
8,5
= 14
=
= 15
8,0
=
=
=
=
=
7,5
7,0
6,5
6,0
5,5
5,0
0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0
(m)
. 8.7
.
79
-
5m
, -
.

8.8
. - G
6m
. 5m

(74) -
K
, : CL
= (w d)/GMT = . 8.8
= ( ) / (GMT ) (80)
5 m -
-
(, , , 6 m (. 8.8).
..) , .

:
. ,
8.8
8.2,
. 50 MT 5 m -
.
. , :
- = (50) (5) = 250 MTm

. - , :

GMT = KMT KG = 6 5 = 1 m
( ). (80):

- = ( )/(GMT )
. = (250)/(4950 1) = 0,0505
,
, = 2,9 2 54 .

(80). 2.
- -
.

1. 2 m (TCG = 2),
, -
,

, 5000 MT. -
.
50
5 m :

(TCG = 5). KG .
5000 50 = 4950 , -
.
80
3m
, 4m
. : 50 MT

( ) ( ) =
= ( ) ( G
W L
)
500 MT
:
= (50) (5)/(2) = 125 MT
K
3.
5m
,
5.6 - . 8.8
6 m = ( )/(GMT ) =
10,4 m = (2150)/(3,64 26535) = 0,0222
.
- = 1,266 1 16 .
8.8:

8.9
5 m
(TCG = 5). .

4 m - 2 3 -
(TCG = 4) - ,
3 m - .
, -
(TCG = 3).
( -

)

.
,
.

-
.

: KG
5.6 : GMT.
-
= 26535 = 14,04 m -
:
GMT = KMT KG = 14,04 10,4 = 3,64 m .
, -
- , -
- ,
. , , -
500 .
5 = 2500 MTm ,
(50) (4+3) =350 MTm -
.
, -
2500 350 =2150 MTm . .
(80): -
81
- GG1,
( - WL (
) ) :
-
GG1 = (w d)/ = (100 5)/5000 = 0,1 m
.
:
1.
GMT = KMT KG =7 6 = 1 m
,
GG1MT :
5000 , T = 7,0 m G = 6 m,
, - () = GG1/GMT = 0,1/1,0 = 0,1
, 100 - = 5,683 = 5 41
5 m (TCG = 5).
. 2.
8.9
WL 1 -
8.9 :
W1L1. 50 -
5 m
3 m
.

100
100 -
3 m -
5 m
7m
MT .
W L 40
=5 m 0,5 m -
G G1

2 m
6m .
, -
K
W
-
. :
. 8.9

KG
5000 6,0 30000
50 5,0 250
100 3,0 300
W
5150 30550

40 0,5 20
MT
W1 L1
5110 30530
G
G1 KG = ( )/( )
B
B1 L = 30530/5110 = 5,974 m
-
5110
7,8 m, :

. 8.9 GMT = KMT KG = 7,8 5,974 = 1,826 m
82
tank :
d = 454 MT
Vcg = 10,52 m
5000 0,0 0 Tcg = 3,80 m
50 3,0 150

100 5 500
40 2,0 80
G
5110 270
26535 10,4 275964
30 1,03 31
GG1 = ( )/( -
454 10,52 4776
) = 270/5110 = 0,0528 m
27019 280771
() = GG1/GMT= 0,0528/1,87 =
= 0,0282 ( ) = 27019 .

= 1,55 =1 37 ( ) KG = ( )/( ) =
= 280771/ 27019 = 10,39 m.
3.
-
, 5.6 13,91 m
5.6 -
6 m GMT = KMT KG=13,9110,39 = 3,52 m
10,4 m

. -
: d
98% 26535 0,0 0
(0,92 MT/m3) 30 6,1 183
(Tcg = 6,1 m) - 454 3,8 1725
deep tank
27019 1542
(Tcg = 3,8 m).
50 4,0 200

+50 3,0 150
4 m kg = 4,0 m
, 27019 1892
3 m -
kg = 4,0 m. GG1 = ( ) /( )
N = 1892/27019= 0,070 m
. () = GG1/GMT = 0,070/3,52 = 0,0198
5.6 6 m ( ) = 1,133 =1
( ): 8 ( )
= 26535 = 14,04 m
4.
:
200 m,
GMT = KMT KG = 14,04 10,4 = 3,64 m 15 m 10 m -
- 4 m. -
5.8 - 1,5 m .
: -
= 30 MT ,
Vcg = 1,03 m 8.9
Tcg = 6,10 m 100 , -
deep 70 .
83
11 m KG = ( )/( ) =
= 20570/12470 = 1,649 m
7m
6m GMT = KMT KG = BMT + KB KG =
100 MT = 4,62+2,027 1,65 = 4.997 m
70 MT
10,5 m MT
W L 10 m d
4,055 m B
G 12300 0,0 0
K 100 7,0 700
15 m 70 11,0 770
12470 1470
. 8.9
GG1 = ( )/( ) =
. = 1470/12470 = 0,117 m
() = GG1/GMT = 0,117/4.997 = 0,0234
-
= 1,34 = 1 20 ( ).

. -
8.10 -

. .
:

= 200 15 4 1,025 = 12300 MT
100 -
70 , 12470 . .

- , -
: -

= (12470 / (1,025 200 15) = 4,055 m

= 4,055/2 = 2,027 .
-
- ,
V = 12470/1,025 = 12166 m3. , -
, -
xx = (200 153)/12 = 56250 m4 , (
B = (56250)/(12166) = 4,62 m. 10)
-

-
G .
12300 1,5 18450 -
100 10,0 1000
70 16,0 1120 -
12470 20570
, -
= 12470 , .
84
-
16
. GMT.

8.11 ,
.
GMT.
(74) :
.
wd = GMT (80)
O
200 m, 15 m 10 m -
= 1,34 ( () =0,0234),
, 4 m.
wd, .
1,5 m
-
.

,

3 m -
-
- .
. -

, -
wd. .
:
8.12 -
. :
= 200 15 4 1,025 = 12300 MT.
-
( )
: :
(200 153 )
1) - Ixx = = 56250 m4
. - 12
, - KG 1,5 m:
wd, K
d
( ) 4,62 + 2,027 = 6,647 m:
. 1) .
w .
4 :
( ).
= =12300
2) -
12300
. = V = = 12000 m3
1,025
d -
= + = 4,62 + 2,027= 6,647 m

GM = KM KG = 6,647 1,5 = 5,147 m
, w .
( )
( , KG, KB
, ) , w,
. (80):
85

GM (())
w =
=
2
.
(12300 5,147 0,0234) , :
= = 197, 52
7, 5
w = (7,5 214,8) = 358,00
w (7,5 3)
= 4 + = 4,064 .
(3000 1,025)
- ,
.
KG, KB -
. ,
197,52
: .
(197,52) ,
= = 0,064 m
(200 15 1,025)

1 = 12300 + 197,52 = 12497,52 MT .

12497,52 10.9.
V1 = = 12192 m3
1,025
(4 + 0,064) 8.13 -
1 = = 2,032 m .
2
(56250 1,025) 10.11 -
1 = = 4,729 m
12192
-
M1 = 2,32 + 4,729 = 7,049 m
.

[(12300 1,5) + (197,52 4)]
G1 = = 1,539 m angle of loll.
(12300 + 197.52)
8.11 8.12
G1 = 2,32 + 4,729 1,539 = 5,51 m ,

(80):
-
(12497,52 5,51 0,0234) .
w1 = = 214.8 MT
7,5 ,
8.2,
w w1 -
, -
- ,
. , .

2) .
- -
, 10.
(80) d -

2 3 . ,

- -
86
8.11 8.12 .

= 8,11.

.
10
- (angle of loll).
, -
(KG) ,
- -
. 6 m
- , ()
- .
,
GM -
, .
- KG = 0 KG = 6.647 m
.
10 m,
GM 4 m ( ) -
.
:
-
GG1 = 6,6 6.647 = 0,047 m

( )
( -
) (65) -
.

wi(g1g2)i
KG VCG2=VCG1=
(-
:
) ,
- (M w )
w = GG = 0,047 m
.
:
- (0,047) (12300)
9. w= = 144,25 MT
(10 6)
1.
2.

200 m, 15 m 10 m
-
= 8,11 (() = 0,1426)

4 m.
-
6,6 m .
6 m
(
,
8.12) 6,647 m.

-
0,10 m.
:
1
GM = KM KG = 6,647 6,6 = 0,047 m ()
87

,
.
:
W L
:
GG1 = 0,047 + 0,10 = 0,147 m. H
:
(0,147) (12300)
w= = 452,20 MT
(10 6) ()
8.14
. /2
/2
1.5 -
W
-
. W1 L1
-
L
Z H1
.

,
() - () E
,
. . 8.14
, , .

.

.
/2
() W
12.
8.14.1 /2
-
(without rise of floor). W1 L1
B
8.14() -
H2
H1
WL .
, L
.

-
(.
8.14) W1L1
-

1,
. . 8.14
[. 8.14()] .
88
m
B
= ()
2 1,0
= 1 = ( + 0,8
) () 0,6
0,4
B
1 = [ () + ] () = 0,2
2 o
2 4
o
6
o
8
o
10
o
B
= () + () (80) . 8.14
2

.
1.
-
10 m 4 m.
-
8.
,
: .
(80) :
, -
B , -
1 = () + () =
2 .
= 5 (0,1392) + 4 (0,9902) = 4,657 m
-
0,657 m. 8.14.2

2. (rise of floor).
1.5
(rise of floor).
10.
, -
: .
8.14. -
-
8.14. .
- 8.14 -
( 7) ,
8.14
.
1 2 3 4 5 6
,

, m H1 = /2 + , m
0 0,000 1,000 4,0 4,000 0,000
2 0,0349 0,9991 4,0 4,172 0,172
4 0,0698 0,9976 4,0 4,3394 0,335
6 0,1045 0,9945 4,0 4,500 0,500
8 0,1392 0,9903 4,0 4,657 0,657
10 0,1736 0,9898 4,0 4,807 0,807
89
. -
- .
, (80) ,
1.
8.14 .
,
, 1 -
. .
() , ()
. ,
:
(. . 15) -
= () () =
.
= () (). (80)
-
(80) (80) -
: , ,
,
2 = 1 () () =
2 .
() + [ ()] () (80)

3. , -

- ,
1,
30 cm. ( )
:
.
(80) :
, (
B -
2 = 2 () + [ ()] () =
) -
= 5 (0,1392) + (4 0,30) x (0,9902) = 4,359 m

, - -
0,359 m. .
- -
,
-
- GM.
( . 8.14), -
.
.

120 m, 15 m 10 m,
6 m ,
8.15 . .
(
8.15.1 GM - ) 7000
. .
- 1 m, -
.
(GM) -
(.. , 1,5 m
) - -
90
, GM .
6 m GM .
:
= 120 15 6 = 10800 8.15.2 Handy-
max.
,
: Handymax
10800 7000 = 3800 (bulk carriers) -
60000 .
-

1,5 m : ,
w = 120 15 1,5 = 2700
, .
h -
( , -
). (. 19)
- -
: ( ..).
(10 1)
1+ = 5, 5 m
2
h :
-
KG
.

(1) (2) (3) (2) (3) -
7000 5 35000 .
3800 5,5 20900 .

2700 (10+h) 2700 (10 + h)
, -
13500 55900 + 2700 (10 + h) -
,
,
: .
[55900+2700 (10+h)] :
KG1 =
13500 1)
: .
2) ,
7, 5
KB = = 3,75 m .
2
3) -
(120 153 ) 33750 -
BM = = = 2,5 m .
(120 15 7,5) 13500
4) .
12
5)
GM = KB + KM KG = .
-
3,75 + 2,5 [55900 + 2700 (10 + h)]
= =0
13500
.
:
h = 0,55 m. -
, - , -
2700 0,55 m .
20
29
28
27
26
25

9.1 . 9.2
.

, 9.2 -
, WL
, Wl.
, . () ,
, W1L1, -
, w1l1.
. 9.2 ,
O (free surface) :
, 1) B,
,
2) G, -
, - ,
. 3) , ,
O , - 4) G1,
, , ,
, - 5) g,
. - ,
, - 6) g1,
,
,
.
7) t,

,
,
8) w,
-

, . -

,

L1
, GV
.
W L
Z mt
G G1
W1 B l1
w z l
w1 g g1
-
,
. H d

. 9.2
. .
92
9) Gv, ( -
).
H GZ, , ,
GM .
, , , -
g , , -
g1. H d GG1
(gmt) (). (84). , , o
(- :
7 . 5.6), g
, G1Z = GZ GG1 =
, : = GZ (t / w) (i/V) () (85)
i o 9.2 -
gm t = (81)
GV
: i G, -
(85).
(m4 ft4) o GG1GV :
m3 ft3.
GG1
H GG V = =
(
mt ) t i

w V t i
= = (86)
, GG1 w V
W1L1 ,
, :
,
GG1 = w d (82)

w .
GV
:
GVT
= V w, w = t , d = (gmt) () GT.
GV o
gmt = i/u, (82): (virtual metacentric height).
V w GG1 = t (i/) () (83) ,
-
- -
, , -
, : ,
o
GG1 = (t/w) (i/V) () (84)
, .
-
GG1 , -
(86) :
, i
t
GG V = (87)
w V
.
, -
.
93
9.3 - :
. O :
(87) V = L B H = 100 35 10 = 35000 ft3
- :
,
. V 35000
= = = 1000 LT
- 35 35
, H :
(23).
, 100 353
- I 12
BMT = xx = = 10,208 ft
(. . 5). V 35000
- :
,
H 10
- KB = = =5
- 2 2
, . (73):

5.8, - GMT = KB + BMT KG = 5 + 10,208 14 = 1,208 ft
m4. (86):

20 143
- i 0,84
, - GG V = t
= 12 =
w V 1,025 35000
.
, , 0,84 4573
= = 0,107 ft
, - 1,025 35000
( . 5.8). - :
,
, - GVMT = KB + BMT (KG + GGV) =
, - = 5 + 10,208 (14 + 0,107) = 1,101 ft
,
2.
.
, -
,
1 8.2,
.
:
5.8
1) No 1 D.B deep tank -
.
(P + S).
1. 2) (wing tanks) -
(P + S).
- 3) .
100 ft 35 ft - 4) -
, 10 ft. H .
14 . .
-
, :
( 1 8.2 -
0,84) 20 ft - ,
14 ft. 2,095 m.
94
H
, 2500 LTft. -
9.3. .
1 8.2: :
53232
V= = = 51933,6 m3
1,025 1,025 .
, ,
GMT = 2,095 m. ,
(87): -
1835 :
GG V = = 0,035
51933,6 i = 2500 LT ft 35 ft3/LT = 87500 ft4
: :
GV = GMT GGV = 2,095 0,035 = 2,06 m 1
, , t w (SF)w
= =
w 1 (SF)t
- t
. , : (SF)W o
LTm (SF)t o -
MTm , , - . :
,
(SF)w 35
. t
= = = 0,926
(87) w (SF)t 37,8
O :
, .
V = 35 = (35) (20000) = 700000 ft3
3. (86):
20.000 LT t i 87500
, - GG V = = (0,926) = 0,115 ft
w V 700000
,
1 ft. GV = GMT GGV = 1 0,115 = 0,885 ft
37,8 ft3/LT,
9.3
.
1 2 3 4 5

(3) x (4)
( 5.8) n4
No 1 D.B
0,92 1250 1150
deep tank (P + S)

0,92 720 66,3
(wing tanks)
0,86 19 16,4

0,86 6 5,2

1237,9
95
9.4 - .
.
,
H ,
, . , :
1)
. ,
H .
- 2) H
, , ,
, . -
, , .
- 3)
, ,
, -
,
, , , , ,
, .
( , - o
..). -
,
- -
. H .
-
, -
, ,
, - .
.
, .
, l
b. -
. ,
, ;
()
:
.
-
:
b3l
, - i=
12
, ,
. -
, 9.4
, -
, -
, .
. :
3
b
4 l b3l 1 b3l
( - i=4 = =
) 12 192 16 12
96
, 9.5
(. 9.4)
.
1/16.

, 20.000 LT.
b/4 GMT
0,25 ft, GMT,
b/4 .

b/4 0,8, :
0,8
GM = (0,25) = 0,195 ft
b/4
1,025
l 9.6
. 9.4
- .
.
(/)
(. 19) -
27
. MARPOL 73/78.
( ) -
27 GM /
9.5 -
. 0,15 m.

, - /
, -
- -
-
, - .
, -
.
9.5 ,
.
. / -
-
, - -
.
.

.
20.000 LT. - ,
50 ft, 35 ft -
0,8. GM 15 cm.
97
100 100 500
600
90 90
700
80 80 800
900
70 70 1.000
60 60
1.500
1,00
50 50 2.000
5,0
4,0
3,0
, ft ( KG) 3.000
40 2,0 40
, ft
, ft
1,0 4.000
tn
,7
,5 5.000
30 ,4 30
,3 6.000
,2 7.000
25 25 8.000
,1
9.000
10.000
,05
,04
20 ,03 20
,02 15.000
,01
20.000
15 15
30.000
40.000
10 10 50.000
: 1,025
. 9.5
.
20
29
28
27
26
25

10.1 . ,

- . , -
. H ,
- .
, ,
- -
. , - . , -
,
, .
. , , ,
, ,
, , - .
,
, -
. . -
-
- ,
, - , .
, -
, , , . -
. H , , ,
, - , .
.
10.2 -
, o - .
-

. ,
H - , ,
( -
10 ), -
- . -
.
.
10.2.1 Atwood.
,
, - 10.2 -
, WL.
, B
G.
. - -
, , - , ,
99
, W1L1. P
B1.

,
:
1) H , ,
Z h2 L1
W1L1 b1 G

G. W L
2) H , , D R b2
W1L1 W1 h1
N B1
B1.
Q
H , -
. 10.2
GZ, GZ o - .
,

, ,
, ,
.
.

,
WL , K . H
W1L1, - ,

. , , -
: , - .
o
, b1, b2 , -
, h1, h2 W1L1 , 10.2,
, :
b1 b2, BR B
, . = + = + BR =
: h1h2
=KB + (89)

R = h1h2
: QGZN
10.2 :
GZ = BR BD D = BG
GZ = QN = KN KQ
:
GZ = (R BD) = (R BG ) KQ = KN GZ
KGQ :
h1h2
= G Q = KG

h1h2 :Q
GZ = G (88) GZ :

H (88) At- GZ = KN KG (90)
wood - H GZ G
-
. .
-
( -
. ) ,
(88), - ,
100
,
. .
,
10.2.2 Scribanti. .
(wall
sided ship)
-
10.2 , .
WL W1L1
, - 10.3 .
, ,

.
:
( . -
) , - GZ = f(, , G) (93)
, o
o , -
Scribanti. ,
BMT 2 .
GZ = GM T + (91)
2 H -
,
,
,
Atwood, -
(93) .
GZ,
-
-
-
.

O -

,
-
(cross curves of stability),

-
,
.
.
H , -
10.2.3 . , -
, o -
- .
, ,
. ,
Prohaska. , ,
.
, : H ,
GZ = GMT + MTP (92) -
.
: P - o
P (. 10.2), o -
.
( P -
). .
Prohaska -
(. 10.2).
(P) - 10.3
101
M'
4 4
G
' '
30o
10,57m
3 3
o
15o
45
45o
2 2
30o
m
m
60o
60o
1 1
15o 30o
15o
45o
75o
0 0
75o
o
60
10,57 m

_1 75o _1
90o 90o
90o
_2 _2
8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000
MT
. 10.3
.
,
. .
, -
,
10,57 m . O .
o - :
. ( 1) -
. 10.3) - ,
15, 30, 45, 60, 75 90. , (..
O -
-
, 10.5. ).
2) -
10.4 - .
3)
. (..
SOLAS 1974
O - ,
- -
102
60, 45000
12o 40o). KG = 10,67 m.
10.5 . :
10.5.1
44000 48000
60, :
,
45000 44000
, - GZ = 0,33 + (0,10 0,33) = 0,2725 m
48000 44000
10.3,
, -
10.6 .
.
, -
,
(. 10.3)
( ) , ,
. , o . -
( ) -
, -
- , -
.
O 10.5.1 .
- -
10,57 m . ,
-
.

o GZ .
10.5.1
() .
()
E m G = 0
() (m)
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
12000 2,85 0,000 3,03 3,36 2,48 1,40 0,04 1,79
16000 3,74 0,000 2,15 2,87 2,45 1,55 0,02 1,80
20000 4,61 0,000 1,54 2,47 2,38 1,54 0,05 1,81
24000 5,47 0,000 1,10 2,14 2,28 1,40 0,11 1,81
28000 6,31 0,000 0,82 1,87 2,11 1,21 0,22 1,82
32000 7,15 0,000 0,62 1,64 1,90 1,00 0,36 1,82
36000 7,98 0,000 0,50 1,45 1,66 0,88 0,49 1,84
40000 8,80 0,000 0,43 1,27 1,39 0,56 0,63 1,86
44000 9,61 0,000 0,39 1,08 1,11 0,33 0,75 1,87
48000 10,42 0,000 0,38 0,90 0,81 0,10 0,88 1,88
52000 11,21 0,000 0,39 0,70 0,49 0,14 1,00 1,90
56000 11,99 0,000 0,40 0,50 0,18 0,38 1,10 1,91
103
(stability curve) - -
-
-
,
. -
.

, -
. - -
, .

, , -
. ,
O
(90)
10.6. :
-
. GZ = (GZ)1 + (KG1 KG) (94)
: GZ
. ,
KG

, KG1

, (GZ)1 -
3 KG1 .

GZ m
2 , -
1 , -
, (90).
25 90
00
70
3000 1.
50
35
00 30

o 40 10
00 , 12432 ()
11,27 m.
. 10.6
:
. 5.6, -
11758 12664, :
10.7 -
12432 11758
- KMT = 24,35 + ()23,04 24,25) =
. 12664 11758
= 24,35 (1,31) (0,744) = 23,37 m

, :
G = KMT GMT = 23,37 11,37 = 12,0 m
, -
KG1 KG = 10,57 12,0 = 1,43 m

.
104
10.3
12432 ()
. H - .
10.7.1.
:
5
10.7.1 10.7 -
, 12432 G = (90)
= 11,37 m KG = 12,0 m. 10.7.2. -
.
2.
10.8 .
54988 -
KG = 9,85 m . 10.8
2 10.7.2 -
, - .
10.7.1

.
1 2 3 4 5
KN, m (G1 KG) = GZ = (2) + (4)

() ( . 10.3) 1,43 (m) (m)
0 0,00 0,0000 0,000 0,000
15 2,98 0,2588 0,370 2,610
30 3,27 0,5000 0,715 2,555
45 2,47 0,7071 1,011 1,459
60 1,43 0,8660 1,238 0,192
75 0,04 0,9659 1,381 1,421
90 1,81 1,0000 1,430 3,240
3,0
) = 11,37 m
(m)
2,5
2,0
GMT (
1,5
1,0
0,5
0o 10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 80o 90o

,
. 10.7
.
105
- .
,
2) (max ).
.
, o
1) H - , .
.
3)
-
(GZmax ).
10.8, -
o ,
57,3 ( ) -
-
GM . H
.

4) (0 ).
. , -
GMT , .
10.7.2

.
1 2 3 4 5 6
=
KG = GZ = KN KG =
= GZ= (54988)
() (m) 9,85 (m) = (2) (4) (m)
(5) ( m)
0 0,000 0,000 0,00 0,000 0
15 3,161 0,2588 2,549 0,612 33652
30 5,885 0,5000 4,925 0,960 52788
45 7,804 0,7071 6,964 0,840 46189
60 8,930 0,8660 8,530 0,400 21995
75 9,236 0,9659 9,514 0,278 15286
90 8,770 1,000 9,850 1,08 59387
3,0
m
2,5
2,0
1,5
GMT
1,0

GZ max
0,5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
57,30

= 0
E = max
. 10.8
.
106
5) (dynamical stability). -
- ,
. .
- 10.9.1
, - -
. , 10.9.1
. , , 10.9
10.8 : 10.9. -
1) = 2,09 m.
2) = 1,00 m. .
3) = 33. 10.9.1
4) = 68. .

-
- 0o 0,000 1,000
:
10 0,174 0,985
1) .
20 0,342 0,940
2) .
30 0,500 0,866
3) .
40 0,643 0,766
4)
. 50 0,766 0,643
60 0,866 0,500
10.9 . 70 0,940 0,342
80 0,985 0,174
90 1,000 0,000
-

, . , -
,
1) . -
. .
- .
10.7, - ,
(. . 16.2), -
, -
0 40 ,
. 10.9.

- 2) -

.
:
10.9
)
G w
.
. w
) , -

G1. GG1, VCG2 VCG1
.
(65).
)
10.9 o
.
G1Z1
) ( :
).
, , G1Z1 = GZ GG1 (95)
107
10.9
GG1, GG1 2 ft. , ,
10.9 -
- (
, . ). H
(. 10.7.1).
-
3)
10.9. H

() -
.

10.9
( = ).
ft
3
2
1,0 1 GG1=2 ft
0,5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 . 10.9

. 10.9 .
.
ft

3

2
1,0

0,5 1 GG1

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

. 10.9
. 10.9
. .

G1 Z1
G Z
G Z G2 Z2
w R w
B
w
. 10.9 . 10.9

. .
108
w , - 10.9
,
d -
. . o -
G G2, .
: . ,
wd 10.9,
GG 2 =
2 20 ( ), -
.
10.9, :
4)
G2Z2 = GZ GG2 (96) .
10.9 -
10.9
w
GG2,
. H
GG2 1 ft.
:
10.9 -
)
-

, (
B [. 10.9()].

-

G G1. H
10.9). H (-

)
,
( = -
[. 10.9()]
)
.
.
) -
B , -
-
2

ft
G1 G2 [. 10.9()].
1 10.9()
GG2
, .
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 H

10.9().
. 10.9

5)
. .
(85)

.

, -

(. . 2).
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ,
-

(86). ,

2 -
. 10.9 ,
.
. H
109

w w
G1
G
A w } GG1
90
() ()

B
w w
G1 G2
G

w
}
G1,G2
90o
() ()
. 10.9
.
) . ) .
) . ) .

.
( )
-
10.9. , () ()
-
. . 10.9
Pocketing .
pocketing.
) . ) .
10.9

pocketing (i/).

pocketing, pocketing pocketing

, pocketing pocketing
.
H
, i
pocketing v
.
, -
, -
pocketing. . 10.9
. pocketing.
110
6) - 2) -
. -
2639 ( ),
, B.
- -
, 10,5 m 5,3 m
- .
. 3,8 m
- .
, , .

. H .
:
- -
(
), 5.8 ( ), -
. 10.9.2.
: ,
i = i + Ay2 (97) ,
:
: i 1)
m4 ft4, i , 12,14 12,1 = 0,04 m (
- ).
m4 ft4, 2) (
m2 ft2 ) 0,033 m.
y 3)
0,043 m.
m ft.
10.9.
1. ,
10.7.1 -
-
10.9.3. M
1 10.7 ( = 12432 ,
8
KG = 12,1 m, .
, -
10.7). -
0,043
214220 ( ) -
G2
GV
0,04 0,033
1921 ( B).
G1

: G
1)
-
26 39 ( ),
, . . 10.9
-
9 m 5 m .
.
4 m
.
111
2.
10.7. -
}

=

= 2 10.7 ( = 54988 tn,

KG = = 9,85 m,
. 10.8)
i t .
405
= w= = 0,033 :
V 12432 /1,025
1) 4000 m4.
10.9.2
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- E-
- E
i (t /w)=
= -
- t /w (7) (8)
() = (2) (3) (2) (4) (i)
(tcg) (m4)
( m) ( m) (m4)
(vcg) (m) (m)7
12432(6) 12,1(6) 0,00(8) 150427 0
(3) (6) (6) (5)
() +31,4 9,0 +5,0 283 +157 422 0,924(11) 390
(4) (6) (6) (12)
() +27,7 10,5 +5,3 291 +147 18 0,820 15

() 31,4(1) 1,03(5) 4,0(6) 32 +126

() 27,7(2) 1,03(5) 3,8(6) 29 +105

12432 12,14(9) 0,043(10) 150940 535 405
. (5) 5.8.
(1) O 5.8 33 m3. (6) .
1,05 m3/MT : (7) + .
= 33/1,05 = 31,43 . (8)
(2) O 5.8 33 m3. .
1,19 m3/ : (9) VCG1 = 150940/12432 = 12,14 m.
= 33/1,19 = 27,73 MT. (10) TCG1 = 535/12432 = 0,043 m.
(3) . (11) (i/w) = 947/1025 = 0,924.
(4) . (12) (t/W) = 841/1025 = 0,820.
10.9.3
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
G ( - G22
GG1 = G1GV = GVG2
(1) (1) 10.7.1) = (4) (5)
() 0,04 (2) 0,033 (2) = 0,043 (3)
(m) (6) (7)
0 0,000 1,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,043 0,043
15 0,258 0,966 2,610 0,010 0,008 0,041 2,551
30 0,500 0,866 2,555 0,020 0,017 0,037 2,481
45 0,707 0,707 1,459 0,028 0,023 0,030 1,378
60 0,866 0,500 0,192 0,035 0,028 0,021 0,108
75 0,966 0,258 1,421 0,038 0,032 0,011 1,502
90 1,000 0,000 3,240 0,040 0,033 0,000 3,313
.
(1) o 10.9.1.
112
2) 200 m2. GZ GM
3) - (91) -
7 m. :

. 1) A GMT > 0.
O GZ , -
: :
(97) :
i = i + Ay2 = 4000 + (200) (7)2 = 13800 m4
y t i 1,025 13800 H :
GG V = = = 0,257 m
y w V 1,025 54988 /1,025 = 0 = 0
10.9.4, 2GMT
5 =
BMT

. (

), -
10.10 ,
. -
( = 0).
2) GT = 0.
H (91)
:
Scribanti (91) , , -
1
: 0 = BMT 2
BMT 2 2
GZ GMT
2 = 0.
-

-

, 2
Scribanti :
, 1
GZ = BMT 2
: 2
10.9.4
.
1 2 3 4 5
G ( 10.7.2) GGV = GVZ1 =

() (m) = 0,257 (2) = (3) (4)
0 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
15 0,258 0,612 0,066 0,546
30 0,500 0,960 0,128 0,832
45 0,707 0,840 0,182 0,658
60 0,866 0,400 0,222 0,178
75 0,966 0,278 0,248 0,526
90 1,000 1,080 0,257 1,337
113
3) GMT < 0.
GZ, ft
1,0
H (91) 0,8
: 0,6
0,4
1 0,2
0 = GMT + BMT 2
2 0
5 10 15 20
:
. 10.10
= 0 = 0 .
:
2 GMT :
= (98) :
BMT
I 4500000
= 0, o - BMT = = = 16,08 ft
V (8000) (35)
. . ,
:

- GMT = KB + BMT KG = 7 + 16,08 21 = 2,08 ft
.
, (91) 020
, -
2 GMT 10.10.
= (99)
BMT ,

3, (98):
. H 2 GMT 23 1
= = =
BMT 12 16,08 5,67
(angle of loll).
- = 10.
, GMT 2,08 ft
, 0,25 ft (3 in),
(99). 2,08
- ( 0,25) = 2,33 ft. ,
(GMT )0,
GMT, - G1Z1 = GZ GG1 , :
(angle of loll) [ (99)] = 0 G1Z1 = 0.
: = 5 G1Z1 = 0,188 2,33 0,087 = 0,015 ft
2 GMT = 10 G1Z1 = 0,405 2,33 0,174 = 0 ft
GMT =2 (GMT) 0 1+ 0
(100) = 15 G1Z1 = 0,688 2,33 0,259 = 0,085 ft
BMT
= 20 G1Z1 = 1,078 2,33 0,342 = 0,281 ft
: GMT
GZ -
|GMT|0
(91). G11
-

. 10.10
10 ( -
1.
).
H H
4500000 ft4. 0 57,3
8000 LT. , ,
:
KB = 7 ft KG = 21 ft. , .
114
2. :
200 m, (100)
15 m 10 m :
. 4 m. 2 GMT
6,6 m GMT =2 (GMT) 0 1+ 0
BMT
.
- :

2 GM T
1 + = 1+0,00865=1,0043
, - BM T
. :
: GMT = 2 (0,02) 1,0043 = 0,040 m ()
:

= 200 15 4 1,025 = 12300 MT
,
: 5,31 ( angle of loll)
xx = (200 153)/12 = 56250 m4 -
, 6,5
= 4,0/2 = 2,0 m. ,
K :
5,31 -
4,62 + 2,0 = 6,62 m: 0,040 m .
KG 6,6 m :
GM = KM KG = 6,62 6,6 = 0,02 m () 10.11

(99) angle of loll .
2GMT 10.11
= .
BMT
, -
GMT -
. 5 10.9. H -
: .

2 0,02
=

4,62

{
= (0,00865)
{

= ((0,093), = 0,0927 5,31.

5,31 57,3
.
3.
20
45
} GMT

- . 10.11
-
(angle of loll). .
115

.

:

1) -
( ).
2) ,
.
3)
.
4)
} 90o

GMT

20 45. (
. 10.11). . 10.12
0 20 G
, .
.
, -
10.11 3 10.9,
,
20 .
. ,
, -
,
.
, -
. -
10.11
20 -
. , .
H o
10.13 -

.
. :
1) H - -
. -
2) H - , -
.
3) H . (passive),
. ,
4) , - (, , -
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-
10.12 (active),
-
. (. -
).

, (.. , -
10.12. , ,
( ) ..)
116
. 3.

- ,
. -
.

- -
,
, -
. deadweight ( -
),
, , ,
. VCG, LCG, TCG, VCB, LCB, TCB, LCF, GM
, GML,
- -
-
.
,
: .
,
1.
,

,
.
, -
2. -
-
, - -
-
( -
SOLAS). 1.
1
.
www.amtmarine.ca/pagew/36 -
,
.
.
20
29
28
27
26
25

11.1 .
. -
, -
11.1 - ,
-
. , (. . 11.1).
- -
, ,
, : .
1) - H
. -
2) .

1/57,3 . 11.2
.
,
: H
= []
[ ] (101)

, ,
d
, :
dW = Md (102)
- 1 2
d
1, 2, . 11.1
(102). .
:
2 2
dw = Md (103)

1 1 =

(102) (26) -

(103)

11.1.
-

-
. 11.1
0 . .
118
-
, - . ,
, , stat
. dyn, ,
1) .
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,
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10.9, , -
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(- .
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stat. ,
: dyn
- 1 2 , 11.2
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.
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2) .
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stat. , -
14.5,
-

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11.4 .
A H -
A2
.
A1
}
stat

dyn
11.1 -
-
,
,
. 11.2
( . 11.1).
.
119
- .
, -
LT ft
:
. W = (ft rad) (105)
1
, o W = (ft degreees) (105)
57,3
, .
: : W LT ft
1) (m rad), o - LT.

o 1.
( ft rad).
2) (m degrees), o - 30
10.8
o - ( = 54988 ).
( ft degrees).
:
H
m - 030
: Simpson
30- 70 . (.
W = () (104) 11.4.1):
1
W = ()
57,3
(105) ( 0 30 = 3 10 (4,41) =
8
=16,537 (m degrees)
: W m
.
( 30 70 = 1 10 (7,28) =
3
, , = 24,266 (m degrees)
13, - (105):
.
, 54988
W0 30o = 16,537 = 115896,7 (MT m)
, 57,3
11.4.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 30 30 70
GZ ( GZ (

(2) (3) (6) (7)
Simpson Simpson
) )
30 0,96 1 0,96
0 0,0 1 0,0
40 0,83 4 3,32
10 0,4 3 1,2
50 0,70 2 1,40
20 0,75 3 2,25
60 0,400 4 1,60
30 0,96 1 0,96
70 0,00 1 0,00
4,41 7,28
120
11.5 .
54988
W30o 70o = 24.266 = 23286,9 (MT m) 11.2
57,3

W = W0o 30o + W30o 70o = , -
= 15869,7 + 23286,9 = 39156,6 (MTm) ( ).
(
2. )
10.8 - ( -
0 40 30
40. )
0 30 - (remaining dynamical stability).
-
: -

( 0 30) = 16,537 (m degrees). , ,

:

(0 40) - , .
11.4.2 -
Simpson. -
11.4.2 .
1 2 1 1 (.. )
16.
GZ ( -

- (2)(3)

)
Simpson 11.6 -
.
0 0,0 1 0,00
10 0,4 4 1,60 ,
-
20 0,75 2 1,50
,
30 0,96 4 3,84
40 0,83 1 0,83 .
7,77 (synchronous rolling).
-

(0 40) = .
= 1 10 7,77 =
3
= 25,9 (m degrees) (78), (79) (80).

:
30 40 = 25,9 16,537 = , -
= 9,363 (m degrees) .

M (0 40) =
,
= 25,9/57,3 =
, -
= 0,452 (m rad)
.
M (40 30) = 9,363/57,3 = -
= 0,163 (m rad) , /
. -
121
- ships).
.
, -
- ,
. (pitching) -
- (rolling).
/
(parametric -
rolling). /
(pitch period) .

,

. :
,
= = ( ) / 2
.
-
, ( ABS)
, .. -
(/) (container .
20
29
28
27
26
25
-
12.1 .
.
,
/ - .

-
. , .
-
, , 12.2 , , ,
. , .

, ,
. .
- , -
. ,
-
.
- . -
, (trim).

, (trim by the stern). -
, , , -
. ,
, (trim by the bow).
, ,
. -
- (even keel).
,
,
- .
, - -
,
. , .. -
-
- , ,
- ,
. .
- :

, =
=
123
F .
m ft, -
m ft, - .
m ft, L
m ft , :
= = F , -
, .
, , -
= ,
L
,
,
.

. ,
100 m , -
8 m 5 m , -
: (LCB)
8 5 3 ().
= = = = 0,03
L 100 100
,
1,72. -
= 8 5 = 3 (T).
m (). -
, , - ,
, , , -
, , ( ,
). ,
, - , -
. .
,
-
.

. 12.3 (LCG).
,
, H ,
- G
. ,
8 m 8 m 5.
, -
8 m. 10 m ,
6 m ( 8 m), ,
10 m. -

- (. . 6.3).
, 9 m, . - , m ft, o
LCG (Longitudinal Center Of Gravity).

. LCG
, ,
Sonar -
124
,
. . 12.10
LCB .

( - 12.5
, ) - .

. ,

,
:
LCG . LCG
1) .
, -
2) .
,
3) .
, / -
4) .
, -
5) .
.
6) .
,
7) .
LCB, / -
8) ( ).
, -

,
, -
,
, -
, .
, .
- 12.6 -
Trim and Stability Manual, .
,
, 12.6 -
, - WL.
. , ,

12.4 (LCB). -
,
,
,
(
W1L1.
).
-
ML
-

,
x.
, m ft, LCB (Longitudinal
Center f Buoancy).
LCG, LCB d
w
, L1
F G G1
- W L
, W1 C
, 1
LCG.
LCB, , - . 12.6
.
125
, .
, ,
( , -
), , .
WL W1L1 12.6 , -
, , ,
. G.
( F . 12.6), WL
. ()
, 0. , ,
, - -
,
, - -
. - .
,

, ML, .
. -
12.6 :
1) . , ,
WL.
2) G , -
WL.
3) 1 .
W1L1.

4) G1
W1L1.
G
- W L
0
:
I
BML = yy
BML (106)
LCB0
V LCG
: yy A.P LCB0
. 12.6
( - .
).
-
12.7 .
:
:
GML = KB + BML KG = KML KG (107)
1)
G -
BML , , - , -
: ,

GML BML
.
yy - 2) , -
xx ( , -
- ,
- .
), 3)
126
12.9
, (MTC).

-
. 12.6 w
LCB0 d
LCG , : 1 cm.

= x (LCB0 LCG) (108) ,
wd .

-
.
, ,
12.14 -
1 cm (1/100
-
m), :
.
wd = GML wd = GML
12.8 -
B G. 1
100 1
= = =
G, L L 100 L
, -
GML
: wd = (108)
100 L
.
, - -
1 cm (moment to change trim
G, , - 1 cm, MCT 1 cm).
, , (107),
, . L L m
- (metric tons):
(, GMLL

MCT 1 cm cm (109)
, ) - 100 L
L
-
, / - :
.
BML
, MCT 1 in (110)
12 L
, ,
. - L L , -
, , - ft LT (long tons).
MCT 1 in
(.. - 1 in.
) - CT 1 cm MCT 1 in

. - , ,
, , -
.
, .
, , MCT 1 cm
, MCT 1 in
, -
G. :
127
in = 2%,
= ( )/CT 1 cm ( m) (111) .
2.
cm =
= ( )/CT 1 in ( L ft) (112)
10,80 m. MCT 1 cm,
, MCT , 639,84.
1 cm ( MCT 1 in ) 500
100 m. ;
, .
:
1.
12.2,
153 m,
15,000 (). .
7,2 :
m
= 500 100 = 50000 m
4,5 :
m, .
= /MCT 1 cm =
= 50000/639,84 = 78,14 cm
,
, -
2300000 m4.
12.10
MCT 1 cm.
, -
: ,
- (light ship)
: , -
.
V = 15000/1,025 =14634,15 m3
12.10 -
(106) : 0
BML = Iyy / V = 2300000/14634,15 = 157,16 m G0.
, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5
(107) : W6 g1, g2, g3, g4,
g5 g6 .
GML = KB +BML KG = (59) (60)
= 4,5 + 157,16 7,2 = 154,46 m :
(108) : = 0+ W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5 + W6 (113)
MCT 1 cm = ( GML)/(100 L) = :
= (15000 154,46)/(100 153)
LCG = [(0) (LCGo)+ (W1) (LCg1) + (W2)
=151,43 (MTm)/cm
(LCg2) + (W3) (LCg3) + (W4) (LCg4) +
+ (W5) (LCg5) + (W6) (LCg6)] / (114)
(109) :
-
MCT 1 cm = ( ML)/(100 L) =
= (15000 157,16)/(100 153) =
= 154,07 (MTm)/cm .
128
W3
LCG0
W6
g3
g5
W L
g1 g2 G0 G g4 g6
W5
LCg1 W1
W2
LCg2 W4
0
LCg3

LCg4
LCg5
LCg6
. 12.10
( ).
- .
)
(LCB0), MCT 1 cm ( MCT 1 in) -
, .
. )
cm in ( (114).
) ) (115)
: ( )
(116) ( ).
(LCB0 LCG)
cm = (115)
MCT 1 cm
A, HF -
, ,
(LCB0 LCG)
in = (116) :
MCT 1 cm
HA = H + () (LCF/LBP) (117)
1) , -
:
) T HF = H () (LBP LCF)/LBP (118)
(113).
) ,
- -
. 12.14, .
)
(114). 12.11 LCG .
)
(115) ( )
(116) ( ). . -
2) : ( )
) :
129
1) - )
. , -
2) , -
. ,
3) - .
. -
,
(115) (116) -
( LCG) - , -
. ,
.
12.12 , , 12.12 WL
, , W1L1
. .

, , .
. WL W1L1,
(LCF) - (HF) (HA) ,
W1L1.
. L1 ,
W1B HF.
(tipping center) W1BL1, W1WA ALL1
. .
, - W1WA
, - W1BL1 :

WW1 LCF WW1 LCF
= =
- WB LBP LBP
. WW1 = () (LCF)/(LBP) (119)
,
:
, -
( LL1 = () (LBP LCF)/(LBP) (120)
W1
CF
W L
L1

W1
A L
W
W1B = HA _ HF B
L1
HA LCF (LBP _ LCF)
HF
LBP/2 LBP/2
. 12.12
.
130
- 8 m, , LCF =
: = 98,36 m.
1) HF HA. (119):
- WW1 = () (LCF)/(LBP) =
HCF : = ( 4) (98,36)/(192) = 2,05 m
HCF = HA WW1 (121)
(121):
2)
(HCF ) HCF = HA WW1 = 6 ( 2,05)= 8,05 m
. , -
-

(117)
8,05 m:
:
HF = HCF LL1 (122) = 36116 + (0,05) (37085 36116)/(0,20) =
= 36116 + (0,25) (969) = 36116 + 242 = 36358 MT

1
. 2 ,
.
12.13 .
-
o TPC
. :
, -
5.6, 192 m. 8 m, TPC = 48,3 MT/m.

1. 8 m 36116 , -
, 5 cm (
8 m. 8,05 m ), -
:
:
, = 36116 + 5 48,3 = 36116 + 241,5 = 36357,5
(LCF)
. -
3.
, 8 m,
36116 MT.
6 m 10 m.
2.
:
,
8 m.
10 m 6 m.
:
:
= HA HF = 10 6 = 4 m
Hm = (HA + HF)/2 = (6+10)/2 = 8 m
WW1 = () (LCF)/(LCB) =
,
1. = 4 (98,36)/(192) = +2,05 m
HCF = HA WW1 = 10 2,05 = 7,95 m
:
= HA HF = 4 m :
, = 36116 5 48,3 = 36116 241,5 = 35874,5

131
- HF + HA 9,20 + 7,60
: m = = = 8,4 m
2 2
HF(m) HA(m) Hm(m) HCF(m) () ,
LCF = 98,03.
8 8 8 8,00 36116,00
10 6 8 8,05 36357,50 = HA HF = 7,60 9,20 = 1,6 m
6 10 8 7,95 35874,50 (119):
4. LCF 98,03
WW1 = () = ( 1,6) = 0,82 m
LBP 192

11 m. LCF 98,03
WW1 = () = ( 1,6) = 0,82 m
6 m . LBP 192
. (121)
: :
( CF = HA WW1 = 7,6 (0,82) = 8,42 m
) , -
. , -
2.
, 8,42 m.
11 m, LCG = LCB = 95,51 m. :
, : 8,42 8,40
= 38053 + (39027 38053) =
8,60 8,40
= 6 m
= 38053 + 974 0,1 = 38150,4 T
(119):
WW1 = (6) (95,51)/(192) = 2,984 m MCT1 cm = 591,56 + (596,47 591,56) 0,1 =
= 592,051 MTm/cm
(120):
LCF = 98,03 + (97,85 98,03) 0,1 = 98,012 m
LL1 = (6) (192 95,51)/(192 )= 3,016 m
LCBo = 101,24 + (101,16 101,24) 0,1 = 101,232
(121):
M
= HCF + WW1 = 11 2,984 = 8,016 m (115):
(122): ( cm) C 1 cm
LCG = LCB0 =

HF = HCF LL1=11 (3,016) = 14,016 m
( 1,6 100) 592,051
6 m = 101,232 =
38150,4
:
= 101,232 + 2,483 = 103,715 m
Hm = (HA+HF)/2 = (8,016 + 14,016)/2 = 11,016 m
5. 12.14 -
HF = 9,20 m -
HA = 7,60 m. - -
. .
192 m. .
: ,
:
132
= Hm = 6,08 m

. LCB0 = 102,17 m
LCF = 99,966 m
, -
, - MCT 1 cm = 548,49 MTm
. :
(LCB0 LCG)
1. cm =
MCT 1 cm
12432 , :
, LBP, 192 m
87,52 m = 26910,8(102,17 81,024)/(548,49) =
. 5613 =1037,4 cm =
o 5 87,31 m =1,0374 cm
8651 o , (117)
6 65,31 m (118) :
.
214,8 o 1, HA = 6,08 + 1,0374(99,966/192,0) = 6,62 m
173,76 m . -
,
, , - HF = 6,08 1,0374(192 99,966)/(192,0) = 5,58 m
.
: ,
- , .

12.14. , ,

=26910,8 - , .
: 1) .

LCG = (2180440)/(26910,8) = 81,024 m
( -
.
).
, ( )
26910,8 TP 1 cm
, : TP 1 in.
12.14
.
1 2 3 4
() -
= (2) (3)
(m) () (m)
12432,0 87,52 1088048
o 5 5613,0 87,31 490071
o 6 8651,0 65,31 564997
DB o 1 214,8 173,76 37324
26910,8 2180440
133
2) 5613 MT ( 2).
2 = 38150,4 + 5613 = 43763,4 .
( , ) 5.6 -
(111) ( 112).
2) . 43763,4 42945
LCF2 = 96,89 + (96,67 96,89) =
43931 42945
43763,4 42945
LCF2 = 96,89
+ (96,67 96,89) =
( , 43931 42945
) = 96,89 0,22 0,83 = 96,707 m
(111) [ (112)].
, - (MCT 1 cm)2 = 619,85 + (626,58 619,85) 0,83
, = 625,43 MT
( ). - (TPC)2 = 49,3 + (49,5 49,3) 0,83 = 49,466 MT
o (
)
TP 1 cm TP 1 in. LCF,
, MCT 1 cm TPC:
, (LCF)12 = (98,012 + 96,707)/2 = 97,359 m
1 cm 1 in cm
in - (MCT 1 cm)12 = (592,051 + 625,43)/2 =
= 608,74 MTm

. - (TPC)12 = (48,61 + 49,466)/2 = 49,038 MT
, LCF.

. 5613
= = 114,46 cm
49,038
2.
.

38150,4 MT. 5613 = 5613 (97,359 87,31) =
MT, 87,13 m = +56405 m
-
214,8 MT 173,7 m - 56405
M = = 92,65 cm
. 608,74
(119):
.
WW1 = 92,65 (97,359)/192 = 46,98 cm
:
(120):
1) ( 1).
192 97,359
LL1 = 92,65 = 45,67 cm
5.6 : 192
CF1 = HF1 = HA1 = 8,42 m Y .
LCF1 = 98,012 m
(MCT 1 cm)1 = 592,051 MTm 8,42 +8,42
(8,42 8,40) +1,15 +1,15

(TPC)1 = 48,6 + (48,7 48,6) =
8,60 8,4 0,46 +0,47
= 48,61 MT 9,11 m 10,04 m
134
3) 214,8 ( 3). 3.
3 = 43763,4 214,8 = 43548,6 -
.
5.6
: :
43548,6 42945 -
LCF3 = 96,89 + (96,67 96,89) =
43931 42945
43548,6 42945 :
6,89 + (96,67 96,89) =
43931 42945 1 2 3 4
= 96,89 0,22 0,612 = 96,755 m = (2) (3)

() (m) ( m)
(MCT 1 cm)3 = 619,85 + (626,58 619,85)
0,612 = 623,97 MT m A
38150,4 101,232(1) 3862041

(TPC)3 = 49,3 + (49,5 49,3) 0,612 =
+5613 87,31 490071
= 49,42 MT
214,8 173,7 37310
:
43548,6 4314802
(LCF)23 = (96,707 + 96,755)/2 = 96,731 m : 5.6
.
(MCT 1 cm)23 = (625,43 + 623,97)/2 =
= 624,7 MTm LCG = 4314802/43548,6 =
= 99,08 m.
(TPC)23 = (49,46 + 49,42) /2 = 49,44 MT M 5.6
43548,6 :
LCF. 43548,6 42945
HCF = 9,40 + (9,60 9,40) =
= (173,7 96,731) 214,8 = 43931 42945
= +16533 m = 9,40 + 0,2 0,612 = 9,522 m
(
E : LCF = 96,755 (m),
)
16533
16533 MCT 1 cm = 623,97 (MTm)
M =16533 = 26,46 cmcm
M
M = =
624,7 =
624,7
= 26,46
26,46 cm LCB0 = 100,754 (m)
624,7 (116) :
96,731 LCG)
WW 1 = 26,46
96,731
96,731 = 13,33 cmcm (LCB
(LCB 00 0 LCG)
WW
WW1 = 26,46
1 = 192
26,46 = = 13,33
13,33 cm

== (LCB
cmcm
cm = LCG) == =
192192 MCT
MCT
MCT 11 cm1 cm
cm
192 96,731 43548,6(100,754
43548,6(100,754 99,08)
99,08)
1 = 26,46
LLLL 192 192 96,731
96,731 = 13,33 cmcm == 43548,6(100,754
= 99,08) = 116,83
== 116,83
116,83 cmcm
cm
= 26,46
LL1 = 26,46
1 192 = = 13,33
13,33 cm 623,97
623,97
623,97
192192
LCF. 96,755
96,755
WW
WWWW 11 =
=1116,83
116,83 96,755
= 116,83 = 58,875
== 58,875
58,875 cmcm
cm
= (214,8)/(49,44) = 4,34 m 192
192192
192192 96,755
96,755
LL11 =
LLLL =1116,83
116,83 96,755 == 57,954
192
= 116,83 = 57,954
57,954 cmcm
cm
192
192
192
9,11 10,04 E:
0,043 0,043 = CF + WW1 = 9,522 + 0,588 = 10,11 cm
0,131 +0,133 F = CF LL1 = 9,522 0,579 = 8,943 m
8,936 m 10,13 m -
-
135
. .
LCF,
1) w1 w2 ,
MCT1, TPC (
-
).
1 2 -
w1 w2 .
2) w1 w2
12.15
(.. w1 ), 1
.
w1 2
w2.
(, , ..) , -
- ,
, w1 w2 -
.
()1, w.
()2. -
( ..
, -
w . ), -
12.14
, : .

= ()2 ()1=
= (w) (LCF X)/MCT 1 cm) (123) ,
.
: -
,
w -
. ,
: -
1)
,
. .
2) ,
, .
-
,
, -
,
,
12,06 m.
.

1, 2 ,
HF = 11,82 HA = 12,00 m. -

-
() -
w1, w2 -
, .
, :
:
w1 +w2 = w w1 1 +w2 X2 = w X
:

: HM = (HA+HF)/2 = (12,00+11,82)/2 = 11,91 m
w1 = (w)(X2 X)/(X2 X1) (124) (. 5.6),
w2 = (w)(X X1)/(X2 X1) (125) , (
136
11,80 m 2) 2, 3.
12,00 m): 1 = 153 2 = 132,19
TPC = 51,3 + (51,5 51,3) (11,91 11,80) / w1 = 771,15 (132,19 111,13)/(132,19 153) =
/ (12 11,80) = 51,3+0,2 0,55 = = 780,41
= 51,41 MT w2 = 771,15 (111,13 153)/(132,19 153) =
= 1551,56
MCT 1 cm = 693,79 + (700,31 693,79)
0,55 = 697,376 (MTm)/cm 3) 3, 4.
1 = 132,19 2 = 87,31
LCF = (95,05 + (94,69 95,05) 0,55 =
= 94,852 m w1 = 771,15 (109,19 111,13)/
/(109,19 132,19) = 65,044
= 12,06 11,91 =
= 0,15 m 15 cm w2 = 771,15 (111,13 132,19)/(109,19
132,19) = 706,104
= 15 TPC = 15 4) 4, 5.
51,41 = 771,15
1 = 109,19 2 = 87,31
(H)1 = HA HF =12,00 11,82 = w1 = 771,15 (87,31 111,13)/
= 0,18 m 18 cm /(87,31 109,19) = 839,524
= ()2 = 0 w2 = 771,15 (111,13 109,19)/
= ()2 ()1 = 0 18= /(87,31 109,19) = 68,374
= 18 cm
(. 12.15.1):
() -
,
, 12.15.1, o 4
94,852 m , , 3, -
. ,
(. , -
. 5.9.1), ( ( -
).
94,852 m -
) o 3 4.
. 12.15.1
.
1) 1, 2.
1 2 (. 5.9.1) -

X1 = 169,41 X2 = 153
(123) 18 = 771,15 (94,852 X)/697,376 1967 No 1
= 111,13 m. No 1
2738,7 No 2
(124):
780,40 No 2
w1 = w (X2 X)/(X2 X1) = No 2
1551,5 No 3
= 771,15 (153 111,13)/(153 169,41) =
= 1967,583 MT 65 No 3
No 3
706,1 No 4
(125):
w2 = w (X X1)/(X2 X1) = 771,15 (111,13 839,5 No 4 -
No 4
169,41)/(153 169,41) = 2738,7333 MT 68,4 No 5
137
12.16 . :
) 400 -
, 84 m .
, - ) 80
, 10 m .
. ) 15 15
- m .
) 120 30 m
- .
, - ) 60 50 m
( ). .
,
, .
, -
, :
. 12,06 m
, ( 12,00 m
, - 12,20 m) :

= 56038 + (12,06 12,00) (57087

56038)/(12,20 12,06) =
, -
= 56038 + 1049 0,3 =
,
= 56038 + 314,7 = 56352,7 MT
,

. -
LCB = 99,63 + (99,54 99,63) 0,3 =
, = 99,63 0,012 = 99,618 m
, , -
. :
-
, - LCG = LCB = 99,618 m
, 12.16
,
- .
. =
- = 55677,7
:
(
LCG = 5572518/55677,7 = 100,08 m
).
-
. 55677,7 m (
- 55002 56038 ),
12.15, - -
192 m, 65 706,1 :
o 3 No 4 , - LCF= 95,05 + (55677,7 55002) (94,96
, 95,05)/(56038 55002) = 95,05 + (0,652)
12,06 m. , (0,09) = 95,05 0,059 = 94,99 m
13 m. -
LCB = 99,71 + (0,652) (99,71 99,63) =
, = 99,71 + (0,652) (0,08) = 99,76 m
138
MCT 1 cm = 693,79 + (0,652) (700,31 .

693,79) = 693,79 + (0,652)
1.
(6,52) = 698,04 MTm/cm
145 m, 12200 MCT 1 cm MTm/
HCF = 11,80 + (0,652) (12,0 11,80) = cm 7,3 m -
= 11,80 + (0,652) (0,2) = 11,93 m 7,1 m. -
(115) : 70 m 60 m
-
cm = 500 450 tn . LCF
= (LCB0 LCG)/MCT 1 cm = ,
= 55677,7 (99,76 100,08)/698,04 = , 72 m.
= 55677,7 (0,32)/698,04 = -
= 5,52 cm ( 0,255 m ) , .
- 2. 6,0
(117) (118) : 6,6 .
HA = HCF + () (LCF/LBP) = :
= 11,93 + ( 0,255) (94,99/ 192) = ) 20 40 tn 29 24 m
= 11,80 m .
) 60 25 tn 12 2 m
HF = HCF () (LBP LCF)/LBP =
.
= 11,93 (0,255) (192 94,99)/192 =
MCT 1 cm = 200 TPC =
= 11,93 + 0,116 = 12,058 m
= 30. LCF .
, .
, 3. 150 m,
11500 , 7,0 8,0
( ) - .
LCF .
(1) . ,
- 50 m ,

7,5 m.
. MCT 1 cm = 300 TPC = 15.
12.16
.
1 2 3 4

(4) = (2) (3)
56352,7 99,618 5613743
400,0 84,00 33600
80,0 10,00 800
15,0 15,00 225
120,0 30,00 3600
60,0 50,00 3000
55677,7 5572518
139
12.17 . , , -
,
12.17.1 . -
.
, 2)
-
,
(
- ).
. 3) -
.
12.17.2 . 4) (
) -
, - (
. ).
- 5) ,
-
.
.
, 6)
. -
,
- (. . 17).

(. . 15), 12.18
, .
. , -
-
, -

.
.
- ,
, :
1) . , ,
2) ,
.
3) . H
. , ,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
.
HF
, , -
(117)
. :
o
= Hm = ( + HF)/2
, : = Hm =(H + HF)/2
1)
, , - = HF
140
() = HF 12.19 .
= , -
= Hm Hm = H HA/2
, -
= () () = .

WL
LCB
H HA/2 . . ,
H - , LCG
. :
LCB = LCG
.
, ,
8,40 m (LC0 LCG),
7,60 m. ,
0,30 m. : [
= 8,40 + 7,60/2 = 8 m (108)],
LCB.
5.6 LC0
:
MCT 1 cm = 582,66 m/cm .

TPC = 48,3
, (WL), -
LCF = 98,36 m -
H - (LCB0),
: LCG,
[(LCB0) LCG).
Hm Hm = H HA /2 = 8,40 8,10 /2 = 0,15 m :
(LBC0 LCG)
= = =
MCT 1 cm
w = (0,15) (TPC) 100 =
= (0,15) (48,3) (100) = 724,5 [(LBC0 ) LCG)]
= =
H : (MCT 1 cm)
() () = = 8,10 8,40 = 0,30 m = () () =
(111): (LBC0 ) LCG) LBC0 LCG
=
= ( ) (MCT 1 cm) MCT 1 cm (126)
MCT 1 cm = (0,30) (100) H
(582,66) = 17480 m ,
w 724,5 (.. )
(WL).
17480/724,5 = 24,126 m MCT 1 cm (MCT 1 cm)
LCF, . , -
, , (126) :
- =
98,36 24,126 = 74,234 m
. (LCB0 ) LC0 )
== (127)
MCT 1 cm
141
, , - ,
- ,
, :
, . (MCT 1 cm) =
. 1,000 9,746 9,6

= 626,58 + (633,26 626,58) =
1,025 9,8 9,6

1,025, HF = 8,943 m1 HA = 1,000
10,11 m LCG = 99,08 m.
=
1,025
[626,58 + 6,68 0,73] = 616,06(MT m)/cm
5.6
- (LCF) = 96,67 + (96,47 96,67) 0,73 =
LCB0 = = 96,53 m
100,754 m, TPC = 49,42 MT/cm, MCT 1 cm = 623,97 (LCB0)= 100,72 (100,63 100,72) 0,73 =
( m/cm) = 43548,5 . = 100,65 m

(126):
. () () = 43548,5
: 100,65 99,08 100,754 99,08
=
, - 616,06 623,97
= 10,11 8,943 = 1,167 m. = 5,84 cm 0,058 m
(68), , :
()' = 0,058 = 1,167 0,058 = 1,109 m
PC 100
== =
1,025 (WW1) = 1,109 96,53 = 0,557 cm
192
49,42 100
= = 4821,5 m2
1,025 (LL1)= 1,109 19296,53 = 0,551 cm
O , 192
: (HF) = (HCF) (LL1) = 9,746 0,551 = 9,195 m
43548,5
V= = = 42486,3 m3 (HA) = (HCF) (WW1) = 9,746 + 0,557 = 10,303 m
1,025 1,025
.
H ,
(127):
( 74), :
= 43548,5 [(100,65
V sw 100,754)/623,97] = 7,258 0,073 m
= 1 =
Fw
= 1,67 0,073 = 1,094 m
42486,3 1,025
= 1 = 0,22 m -
4821,5 1,000 1,094/2 = 0,574 m -
: . :
(HF) = 9,746 1,094/2 = 9,199 m
H + HF 8,943 + 10,11
Hm = A = = 9,526 m
2 2 () = 9,746 + 1,094/2 = 10,293 m
( ).
(HCF) = 9,526 + 0,22 = 9,746 m 12.20

5.6,
.
, -
142
, , , :
1)
, , -
- .
. 2)
-
, . 200

, - , 100 -
( 100 tn) - .
. 3)

. .

, 1.
- , o
- 12.20 19 ft 6 in
, 20 ft 6 in .
. , 200 tn
- No 6 ,
(trim table) No 2.
-
( trim diagram). :
20 ft -
12.20 (
) 12.20. 12.20.
-
. :
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8' 520' - 0''
30' - 0''
_ ,1
+5,1
+7,1
_ 3
_ ,5
0,2
_ 4
_ ,0
_ 5
0,1
+0,6
+0,4
+0,9
_ 3
+2,6
+2,9
_ 6
_ ,7
+1,6
_ ,0
+1,5
_ ,1
_ 6
+2,0
+2,3
_ 9
+1,2
_ 9
+4,0
+5,4
+7,4
_ ,3
+3,4
+4,3
+4,6
+4,8
+7,9
1,6
_ ,2
+3,7
+8,5
+8,5
+9,0
4,7
+5,8
+6,0
+6,2
+6,5
+7,6
+3,2
+5,7
+9,0
+8,2

3,
4,
2,
1,
3,
0,
1,
3,
4
0
3
2
5
1
5
2
_
_
_
_
_ ,1
_ ,9
_ 6
_ ,6
_ ,8
_ ,0

_ ,4
_ ,7
_ ,4
2,9
3,8
_ ,2
5,3
_ ,3
_ ,6
0,3
_ 0
_ ,2
_ ,5
_ ,1
_ ,5
+6,1
+4,2
_ ,7
+5,4
+6,8
+6,4
+5,2
+4,7
+5,9
+7,1
+4,5
+2,3
+6,6
+5,7
+4,9
+1,9
+1,4
+1,6
+2,1
+0,4
+0,2
+1,1
+3,0
+2,8
+0,9
+0,7
+2,6
+3,8
+3,5
+3,3
+4,0
3,
0
1,
3
1
4
4
5
2
2
3
2
0
1
1
4
4
0
_
_
_
_
20' - 0''
+0,1
+10,1
+10,4
+10,8
_ 4
+3,4
+5,1
+1,3
+8,0
+11,1
+4,1
+6,6
+3,7
+5,5
+6,2
+9,4
+5,9
+4,8
4,7
_ ,3
_ 7
+9,7
+0,9
+4,4
+0,2
_ 9
+8,3
+8,0
_ 8
0,5
6,5
_ 4
_ ,1
_ ,0
_ ,2
+2,0
+2,3
3,3
+8,7
+3,0
_ 2
_ 9
_ 6
+1,6
+7,3
+0,6
_ ,2
0,9
+2,7
_ ,0
_ 6
+6,9
+7,6

4,
3,
6,
5,
5,
7,
1,
1,
2,
4
2
5
1
5
_
_
_
_ ,0
_ ,1
_ ,2
_ ,7
_ ,3

_ 3
_ 7
_ ,4
2,0
_ 7
5,6
7,2
_ ,3
_ ,4
_ ,0
_ ,6
3,5
_ ,9
_ ,9
_ 0
_ ,6
_ ,9
_ 3
+8,4
+9,0
+8,0
+7,7
+5,8
+4,1
+7,1
+2,8
+9,6
+7,4
+4,8
+4,5
+3,2
+2,2
+1,2
+0,9
+0,3
+2,5
+1,5
+9,3
+8,7
+3,8
+0,6
+6,4
+6,1
+5,4
+3,5
+5,1
+6,7
+1,9
5,
0,
2,
4,
4,
1
0
6
1
3
0
2
1
6
5
6
4
4
_
_
_
. 12.20
.
143
20 m , -

60 m
19 ft 6 in 20 ft 6 in .
A ;
2 100 = 200 tn + 7,4 in 12,8 in
6 :
H
2 100 = 200 tn +15,2 in 8,0 in 5 m -
2 . -
21 ft 4,6 in 19 ft 2,8 in 5000 tn.
50 tn
: :
= [(21ft 4,6in) + (19ft 2,8in)]/2 = (50) (20) =
=(21,38 + 19,23)/2 = 20,305ft = 20ft 3,7in = 1000 tn m ( )
- = (50) (60) =
20 ft. = 3000 tn m ( )
2. = A
= 3000 ( 1000) =
To ,
= 4000 tn m ( ).
12.20
5 m. 50 tn H , ,
70 00
00 _ 400

00

60 _ 300

00 00
8 _ 200
00

50
_ 100

00

7 40
00 0
00
100
(m)
6 30 00
00 B 200
00
5 A 300
0 70
00 00
4 _ 20
0 60
000 00
3 _ 1
)
0 50
(
00

40

0 00

00

10 00

1 20

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(m)
. 12.20
.
144
( B), 12.22 -
5000 tn .
4000 tn m (
). - 12.22.1 .
4,6 m 5.6 -
5,4 m. ,
,
, -
.
.
1. - ( ) -
12.20 - 1,025
30 ft. 50 tn .
N 3 No 7.

. :
2. - 1) T
2.20 -
20 ft. . ,
150 tn 4. o
,
. , ,
,
12.21 .
. 2) ,
, , ,
. ,
:
1) .
2) .
(, , 3) . -
). -
3)
(, , -
). .
4) - 4) -
( ,
o 1,025
). .
5) , -
( - o
). ,
-
. - .
:
12.22.2 .
1)
. , o
2) , -
- (moulded draft). -

. (keel draft), ,
145
, :
- ,
. , F
.
- ,
- (. 12.22).
.
1.

(
100 m, -
).
3 m

2 m -

.
. -
4 m 3,40 m

, , . ,
6 in. , .. - -
7, - .
7 ft 3 in, , :
8, 8 ft. :
= 3 m ( . 12.22).
20 cm. F = 2 m ( . 12.22).
(128) :
W1L1 -
(. (h hf ) ( 3) (3,40 4)
H A = h + = 3,40 + =
12.22). LA F 100 ( 3) 2
( 3) ( 0,60)
, . = 3,40 + = 3,40 + 0,018 = 3,418 m
101
HF, HA -
hf h - (129):
,
: F (h hf ) (2) (3,40 4,0)
HF = h f + = 4,0 + =
LA F 100 ( 3) 2
(h hf )
HA = h + (128) (2) ( 0,60)
LA F = 4,0 + = 4,0 0,012 = 3,988 m
101
F (h hf )
HF = h f + (129)
LA F

W1
F
W { { h { {
L
L1
hf HF
F
L-A-F

L =
, F,
. 12.22
.
146
12.22.3 . V(ft 3 )
LT = (131)
12.22() SF
. .
, , 2) .
Hm -
, . - :
:
1 = + 0,8 PC ( ) (132)
H + HF
Hm = A =H
2
1 = + 0,8 P ( ) (133)
12.22()
:
, , - ) LT
(sagging). H m,
: ) TPC cm -
H A + HF Hm,
Hm = <H
2 ) in -
, Hm
12.22()
) cm in -
(hogging).
.
:
H + HF
Hm = A >H
2
m = HAA
HFF
H
H } HF
- HA Hmm
H } } HH
Hm }H
sagging, LBP
LBP
A.P LBP F.P
A.P () F.P
hogging. A.P () F.P
()
,
-
,
(
, ).
HAA
H
HA Hmm
H
Hm
}} }}H
H
HFF
H
HF
H
12.22() 12.22() -
sagging LBP
LBP
LBP
hogging - A.P
A.P () F.P
F.P
A.P () F.P
()

Hm . H -
,
:
HFF
H
1) .
H -
HAA
H
HA Hmm
H
Hm
}} }}HHH HF
, LBP
LBP
- LBP
A.P
A.P F.P
F.P
A.P ()
()
0 : () F.P
H A + HF + 6H . 12.22
H0 = (130)
8 . ) .
) sagging. ) hogging.
147
2. ,
(70) (72).
7,60 m

8,0 m.
,
7,90 m.
.
, .
, ,
1) . -
HF = 7,60 m, = 8,00 m =
7,90 : ,
H + HF + 6H
H o= A 7,6 + 8,0 + 6 7,9 7,875 m TPC.
= =
8 8
(..
H + HF + 6H 7,6 + 8,0 + 6 7,9 7,875 m
H o= A = = cm -
8 8
).
5.6 :
3.
1 = 31150 + (36116 35150) 7,875 7,80 =
8,00 7,80 = 7,8 m
= 31150 + 966 0,375 = 35512 H = 8,2 m.
F
2) . .
: :
m = HA + HF = 7,6 + 8,0 = 7,80 m m = HA + HF = 7,8 + 8,2 = 8 m

2 2 2
2
5.6 -
5.6 - :
:
TPC = 48,3 MT/cm, MCT 1 cm =
= 35150 TPC = 48,2 MT/cm = 582,66 MTM/cm LCF = 98,36 m
: = HF = 7,8 8,2 = 0,4 m
= m = 7,90 7,80 = 0,10 m 1 cm
(119):
(132):
WW1 = () LCF = (0,4) 98,36 =
1 = + 0,8 TPC = 35150 + (0,8) (48,2) LBP 192
= 0,205 m
(10) = 35150 + 385,6 = 35535,6
(120):
HCF = WW1 = 7,8 (0,205) = 8,005 m
12.22.4 -
. .
5.6,
, - 8,005 m :
,
5.7, 5.7 12.20, , - 8,005 8,0
= 36116 + (37085 36116) 8,2 8,0 =

, = 36116 + 969 0,025 = 36116 + 24,2 =
= 36140,2
.
.
-
LCF
o , -
:
, ,
1 = CF m = 8,005 8,0 = 0,005 m 0,5 cm
148
,
8 m ( ) 35,5 ft3/LT;
(36116) :
:
1 (PC) = 0,5 48,3 = 24,15 (41):
: 3 3
V (ft ) = 36 FW = (36) (5000) = 180000 ft
= 36116 + 24,15 = 36140,15
(135):
V(ft 3 ) 180000
12.22.5 - = = = 5070,4 LT
SF 35,5
.

, 12.22.6 .
(1,025 MT/m3
,
35 ft3/LT)
( dead-
(1,000 MT/m3 36 ft3/LT).
weight) :
, ,
, 1) .
-
()1 = 0,8 PC ( ) (136)
:

= V(m3) ( ) (134)
()1 = 0,8 P ( ) (137)
3
V(ft )
LT = ( ) (135) 2) .
SF
3
MT/m ()2 = 1 (cm) PC ( ) (138)
SF ft3/LT.
4. ()2 = 1 (in) PI ( ) (139)
- 3) .
-
1,015 MT/m3. ()3 = 1,025 SW (MT)
1,025
;
( ) (140)
:
()3 = 35 SF SW (LT)
SF
36140,2 . (42): ( ) (141)
sw (MT) 36140,2 , -
V(m3 ) = = = 35258,7 m3 , -
1,025 1,025
.
(134):
12.23
= V (m3) = (1,015) (35258,7) =
.
= 35787,6 MT

5.
-

5000 LT. , . -
149
, , : = 1,020 /m3.
1) , , 800 .
, .
2) . m
T
H
. 8,30 8,32
8,56 8,64
.
9,10 9,18

: = 1,018 /m3,
1) 3 m 1,020 /m3 .
. , 1830 .
2) 4 m
. .
3) .
- :
192 m. H
12.23 ,
m , . -

4,98 5,02 Draft survey National cargo
5,31 5,41 bureau.
5,56 5,64
12.23
.

1
2 4,98 m 8,30 m
3 5,02 m 8,32 m
4 , hf (4) = [(2) + (3)]/2 5,00 m 8,31 m
5 5,56 m 9,10 m
6 5,64 m 9,18 m
7 , hc (7) = [(5) +(6)]/2 5,60 m 9,14 m
8 5,31 m 8,56 m
9 5,41 m 8,64 m
10 , (10) = [(8) +(9)]/2 5,36 m 8,60 m

11 B , (128)(1) 5,613 9,118 m
12 B , F (129)(1) 4,990 8,297 m
13 , m (13) = [(11) + (12)]/2 5,301 8,707 m
14 , m 5.6(2) 23226,6 39548,6 MT
15 PC , m 5.6(2) 46,85 /cm 48,75 MT/cm
16 LCF , m 5.6(2) 100,61 m 97,76 m

()
150
17 , = m (17) = (10) (13) 5,9 10,7 cm

18 ()1 (18) = 0,8 (15) (17) 221,1 417,3 MT
19 (19) = 11 (12) 0,623 m 0,821 m

20 WW1 = LCF/LBP (20) = (19) (16)/192 0,326 m 0,418 m
21 HCF = HA WW1 (21) = (11) (20) 5,287 m 8,700 m
22 1 = CF Hm (22) = (21) (13) 0,014 m 0,007 m
1,4 cm 0,7 cm
23 ()2 (23) = (22) (15) 65,6 MT 34,1
24 (24) = (14) + (18) + (23) 23382,1 39097,2

25 , 1,020 1,018
1,025
26 (26) = 0,00487 0,00683
1,025
27 ()3 (27) = (24) (26) 113,8 267,0
28 (28) = (24) + (27) 23268,3 38830,2
29 , 800 1830
30 Light ship + (30) = (28) (29) 22468,3 37000,2
31 (31) = (30) 22468,3 14531,9
1. (128) = + 4 m F = 3 m 2. 5.6
: .
:
4 (5,60 5,00) 5,301 5,20
HA = 5,60 + 4 (5,60 5,00) = 5,60 + 0,013 = 5,613 m SW = 22755 + (23689 22755) =
HA = 5,60 + 192 4 3 = 5,60 + 0,013 = 5,613 m 5,40 5,20
192 4 3
3 (5,60 5,00)
HF = 5,00 3 (5,60 5,00) = 4,99 m = 22755 + 934 + 0,505 = 23226,6
HF = 5,00 192 4 3 = 4,99 m
192 4 3 TPC = 46,8+ (46,9 + 46,8) 0,505 = 46,8+ 0,05 = 46,85 /cm
:
LCF = 100,69 + (100,52 100,69) 0,505 =
4 (5,60 5,00) = 100,69 0,08 = 100,61 m
HA = 5,60 + 4 (5,60 5,00) = 5,60 + 0,013 = 5,613 m
HA = 5,60 + 192 4 3 = 5,60 + 0,013 = 5,613 m :
192 4 3
3 (5,60 5,00)
HF = 5,00 3 (5,60 5,00) = 4,99 m SW = 39027 + (40002 39027) 8,707 8,6 =
HF = 5,00 192 4 3 = 4,99 m 8,8 8,6
192 4 3
= 39027 + (975) + 0,535 = 39548,6
TPC = 48,7 + (48,8 48,7) 0,535= 48,75 /cm
LCF = 97,85 + (97,68 97,85) 0,535 = 97,76 m
151
12.24 (draft syrvey), 5.6,

- .
, - 19 23 -
17
(cargo
deadweight). , -
. 12.23 TPC FWA.
, -
. 23
24 -
, - 5.6 25
draft survey, 27 14535,6
, - .
-
. 14532
- 12.23.
2 ,
-
(130) -
(131), [ (132) (133)] , draft survey
- .
.

(130) - ( , , -
mean of means draft. , , , -
..) ,
(.
)
- .
12.23 ,

mean of means draft. -
- 0,5%
12.24. draft survey
16, - .
-
12.23. -
17 draft surveys -
(mean of means draft) .
12.24
means of mean draft.

1
2 4,98 m 8,30 m
3 5,02 m 8,32 m
()
152
4 , hf (4) = [(2) + (3)]/2 5,00 m 8,31 m

5 5,56 m 9,10 m
6 5,64 m 9,18 m
7 , hc (7) = [(5) +(6)]/2 5,60 m 9,14 m
8 5,31 m 8,56 m
9 5,41 m 8,64 m
10 , (10) = [(8) +(9)]/2 5,36 m 8,60 m

11 B , (128)(1) 5,613 9,118 m
12 B , F (129)(1) 4,990 8,297 m
13 , m (13) = [(11) + (12)]/2 5,301 8,707 m
14 , m 5.6(2) 23226,6 39548,6 MT
15 PC , m 5.6(2) 46,85 /cm 48,75 MT/cm
16 LCF , m 5.6(2) 100,61 m 97,76 m

(130)
17 5,345 8,626
[(11) + (12) + 6(10)]
5.6
18 23432 39154

5.6
19 PC 46,872 (/cm2) 48,713 (/cm2)
(17)
20 FWA (18)/[4 (19)] 124,98 mm 200,94 mm
21 1020 1018
22 (20) [1025 (21)/25] 25 mm 56 mm
23 (17) (22) 5,32 m 8,57 m

24 23315,9 38881
5.6 (22)
25 , , 800 1830
26 Light ship (24) (25) 22515,4 37051
27 (26) 22515,4 0 14535,6
(1) (2) 1 2 12.23 . 150.
20
29 :
28
27
26
25
:
13.1 .
o -

, - () -
.
- 4) -
-
. , ,
,
(intact
condition), ( )
- , -
. , , , -
.
(damaged condition), - ,
-
. , , .
-
,
(), - , .
. O -

, (, , ..) -
- (
, - ) -
.
.
13.2 .

: ,
1) - :
. 1) .
2) - 2) .
, - 3)
, , .
-
, .
3) H , . O
-
-
. ,
154
. O - 2) -
, .
, - 3) -
.
. 4)
, , .

. .
,
, 53232 ,
,
.
, - 7,5 ,
, . , -
: 5.6,
1) - KM = 11,905 = 4,5 m. -
.
2) 10 m, -
. 0,05 m;
3) :
,
(98), = 7,5 ( = 0,13165)
,
. = 4,5 m, :
4) 2
- GMT = =
2
-
(.. ). (0,13165)2 (4,5)
= = 0,038 m
5) - 2
-
-
.
0,05 m,
6) ,
0,05 + 0,038 =
8.14, .
0,088 m.
13.3 - , (65) :
. w g1g2
VCG2 VCG 1 = = 0,088 m

H , ,

( 0,088) ( 0,088) (53232)
, w= = = 468 MT
g1g2 10
. 468 ( -
, )
10 m
, - .
.
H
(98), 13.4 .

(angle of loll). -
:
1) . 8.3 ,
155
,
A
, -
.
I
H/2
.
,
1) . . 13.4
H
.
- )
, P = 0,040 MT/m2.
6.3 - O
(62), , , ,
.
(CG). H ,
P
, - :
-
( ) VA2
P=
. C
H : V
, - C = 51200.
-
, 3 10.9, 1.
. 80 :
2) 602
. P= = 0,0703 MT/m2
51200
O
-
, : 3) .
A I 2 H -
GZA = P (142) ,

. H
: GZA - -
m, P .
MT/m2, :
m2,
SHP
= 716 (143)
RPM
m (. 13.4), - : SHP
, RPM / .
. -
. - -
: :
) , ) /
P = 0,100 MT/m2. / , -
) , , .
P = 0,070 T/m2.
156
/ , , (

. ) -
) VLCC ULCC. . -
) LNG LPG, ,
(freeboard).
)
. (),
) -
. .
,
4) .
.
.
.
, , -

( ), .
- -
.
, , -
, - ,
( :
V (144)
), F=
- Rg
. : F tn
. , -
, tn, R m,
, - g (9,81 m/sec2) V
(pivot point) m/sec.
, -
, 2.

. - 300 m 12 knots.
1/6 5000 tn.
(. 13.4).
, :
. :
, 12 1852 m 1 h
V= = 6,17 m sec
h 3600 sec
(137) :
V 2 (5000) (6,17)2
F= = = 64,68 tn
G NP Rg (300) (9,81)

13.4 -
. -
, F ,
. 13.4 Fr Fh
. .
157
, Fh -

G .
V2
F= , E
Rg
.
E
Fh H
Fr 3.
K
,
. 13.4 4 m, -
. 5 m -
G) . E) - 1 m.
. H) :
. K) . Fh) . : = /2 = 2 m
Fr ) . F) .
GE = KG KE = 5 2 = 3 m GM = 1 m
: F -
64,68 :
V 2
Fh Fr = F = (145)
Rg V2

, V2 Rg F 64,68
= = =
, - Rg 5000
, -
(147) :
,
. : V 2 GE 64,68 3
= = = 0,0388
= (Fh Fr) GE Fr EH (146) Rg GM 5000 1
, H 2,22.
E (145)
:

= (Fh Fr) GE (147) .
, , ,
15 knots ,
. (148) (-

(- 15 12 knots)
) . 3 ,
0,116 = 6,6. -
GM = (Fh Fr) GE.
: .
(Fh Fr ) GE V 2 GE V 2 GE
= = = -
GM Rg Rg G
-
(148) -
.

. -
158
2)
= 2250 m2.
, IMO. 3) -
= 15 m.
13.4.1 - 4) ,
- 13.4.
.
- .
, :
, , o
,

P = 0,100 MT/m3 (142) :
(72). :
= GMT (149) A I 2
GZ A = P =

4.
(2250) (15) 2
5000 = 0,100 = 0,675 2
(5000)
1 m.
200 MTm. 13.4.
-
. 1 4 13.4
13.4
: , .
, -
200 () (149) :
200 = GMT 1=
=15,5.
200 200 13.4
= = = 0,04 = 2,3
GMT (5000) (1) 2 = 66,5.
, 1 -

13.4.2

. -
.
.
H 2.

, -
m
1,3
1,2
, - 1,1
( 1,0
) - 0,9

0,8
, - 2
-
0,7
. 0,6
H , 0,5 1
0,4
,
0,3
.

0,2
0,1
5.
10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 80o 90o
1 2
: . 13.4
1) 5000 . .
159
13.4 6.

,
.
, 47652
( -
()2
() 0,675 ()2 ) 1,91 m.
0 1,000 1,000 0,675
10 0,985 0,970 0,654 ,
20 0,940 0,884 0,597 6957 MTm.
30 0,866 0,750 0,506
0,586 0,395
40.
40 0,766
50 0,643 0,413 0,278 :
60 0,500 0,250 0,168 5.6, :
70 0,342 0,117 0,079
11,87 11,88
80 0,174 0,030 0,020 T = 11,88+ (47652 46906) =
90 0,000 0,000 0,000 47908 46906
= 11,872 m
2 . KG = KMT GMT = 11,872 1,91 = 9,962
( -
), - = 47652
1= 10.3 -
= 2. KG = 10,67
33. -
, o , - (KG = 9,962), -
33, - 10.7,
( o - (. 13.4).
), 15,5. 16,
- m
1,5
1,0

0,83 1,17 1,28
0,5
0,35
0 1 2 3 4 } 0,117
}
0,146
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8

0 1= 4,1 10 20 30 40

0,64
. 13.4
.
160
,
L1

,
: W L

( 40) =
H W
= 0,8 ( 0) 1
/2
O 0
1
6957/47652 = 0,146 m. o
40 0,8 0,146 = 0,117 m.

13.4. -
- 13.5
, .
4,1.
H
. , H. -
Simpson,
0,64. , W1L1, 13.5,
, (
0,64/4 = 0,16 . ) H1.

13.4. 13.5,
: , -
/2, B
. , :

Simpson
EA = EZ =
0 0,00 1 0,00 2
1 0,35 4 1,40 :
2 0,83 2 1,66
H1 = = = ( + )
3 1,17 4 4,68
4 1,28 1 1,28
9,02 = H, :

1 = + = +
0,16 2 2
= (9,02) =
40 3
1 =

+ = + (150)
= 0,481 (m rad)
2 2
, o , - .

, -
- 8 m . -
. , -
10;
:
13.5 . (150) :
13.5 - 1 = /2 + =
, WL. =(10) (0,174) + (8) (0,985) = 9,62 m
161
= 9,62 8 = 1,62 m
( )
H - -
.
, ,
-
.

.
13.6 - 2) .
. H
, :

) .
, -
)
-
.
.
) -
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.
:
1) . H ,
2) ,
.
3) , ,
, -

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4) . :
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1) .
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2) H - ).
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180, , ,
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3) -
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3)
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1) . -
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(, - )
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162
) (. 3 5
).
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).
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1)
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) - -
- .
.
- 13.7 -
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.
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4) - -
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-
-
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:
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o
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163

. , -
. -

o , o , ,
,
(ballast) . -
, -
( - ,
, , ..). -
,
, - , -
(
- .
),
13.9 .
,
. 13.9.1 .
,
, - (),
, ,
. , - ,
o , - .
, , ,
.
, , -
. .

13.8 -
:
.
1) .
- 2) .
- 3) .
, -
. - :
1) -
. ,
, - .
, 2) , ,
,
. ,

.
, - 3) -
(-
. ), ,
, - .

13.9.2 .
, -
,
164
, ,
(.. -
), , , ,
,
. -
(sallying).
,
13.9.3 -
,
.
.
,
,
, , .
-
. -
, , ( ),
. -
.
,
.
, - -
, - , -
17.
-
13.9.4 -
.
.
, -
, 13.9 13.9 o -
. -
, . P
,
( ) -
, o
(, ) P
G
- R
Z
W.L.
.
B
.
-
, -
( ) / . 13.9
( ) - .
.
, L

. , - W.L.
t
, .
P
,
, . 13.9
. .
165
(151) (153) -
.
- :
,
=
:
=(P KG)/( P) MM1 (153)
GG1 = (P KG) / ( P) (151)
: 1.
tn ( ), GG1 - , , , -
m ft, KG - 1 m
m 9,40 m -
ft tn ( , -
). ,
- , 8 m -
: 50 m
G11 = GM MM1 GG1 (152) , (
)
: G1M1 -
(LBP = 192 m B = 20 m, KG = 6,1 m).
m ft, GM
-
m ft, MM1 -
,

0,6 m .
ft m,
5.6

9,40 m, :
+ () M1
() TP cm = 49,3 MT/cm
GG1 - MCT 1 cm = 619,85 MTm/cm
, . = 42945
- = 11,98 m
,
.
, GM = KMT KG =11,98 6,1 = 5,88 m
, -
,
()
. 0,60 m, -
- (153) :
P = ( )/[(1/ TP cm) +
-
+ (t2 / (MCT 1 cm L) ] =
, :
= (60)/[(1/ 49,3) + (502/(619,85 192) ]
cm in = (60)/[(0,0202) + (0,021) ] =
P= (153)
1 t2 = (60)/[(0,0412) = 1456 tn
+
TP (MCT) (L)

: TP tn/cm (TPcm) in (TPin) :
, MCT = (1456) (8) = 11648 MTm
tnm cm tnft/in
, t (151) :

m ft L - GG1 = (P KG)/( P) = (1456 6,1)/
m ft. /(42945 1456) = (8882)/(41489) = 0,214 m
166

9,40 0,6 =
8,8 m, 5.6 0,4 m,
= 12,06 m. (153) :

1 (152) P = ( )/[(1/ TP cm) +
: + (t2/(MCT 1 cm L) ] =
MM1 = 12,06 11,98 = 0,08 m = (40)/[(1/51,4) + (94,962/(700,31 192)] =
= (40)/[(0,0194) + (0,067)] =
G1M1 = GM + MM1 GG1 =
= (40)/[(0,0864) = 463 tn
= 5,88 + 0,08 0,214 = 5,746 m

, :
(151) :
= GM , :
GG1 = (P KG)/( P) =
= (11648)/[(42945 1456) (5,746)] =
= (463 11,5)/(56038 463) =
= (11648)/(238395) = 0,0488
= (5324,5 )/(55575) = 0,096 m
= 2,79o .
,
2. 12,0 0,4
= 11,6 m, 5.6
(. 5.6) = 11,90 m.
192 m 12,20 m
11,80 m . 1 145
- :

MM1= 11,90 11,97 = 0,07 m
KG = 11,5 m.
- G1M1 = GM + MM1 GG1 = 0,47 0,09 0,07 =
- = 0,47 0,16 = 0,31 m
.

-
0,16 m,
.

: .
5.6 (0,16 m)
12 m : ( ) -
= 56038 tn

LCF = 94,96 m .
KMT =11,97 m 3.
TP cm = 51,5 MT/cm 1
MCT 1cm = 700,31 MTm/cm -
-
E GM = KMT KG = 11,97 11,5 = 0,47 m.
.

- :
1 2
, 0,40 m. 2 GM.
167
-
2 m :

P = ( )/[(1/ TP cm) + 0,04 m.
+ (t2/(MCT 1 cm L)] = (200)/[(1/ 51,4) +
:
+ (94,962/(700,31 192)] = (200)/[(0,0194) +
+ (0,067)] = (200)/[(0,0864) =2315 tn

0,04
(151) : m
GG1 = (P KG)/( P) = 0,04 m ,
3.
= (2315 11,5)/(56038 2315) =
0,43 m.
= (26622 )/(53723) = 0,496 m

, 13.9 ( )
12,0 2 = 1,5 m.
10 m, 5.6
= 11,90 m.
13.9.5 -
1 (152) .
:
, -
MM1 = 11,90 11,97 = 0,07 m .
, ,
G1M1 = GM + MM1 GG1

= 0,47 0,496 0,07 =

= 0,47 0,566 = 0,096 m
GM = 0,496 + 0,07 = 0,566 m GM
- 0,55
:
0,5
GM GM=0,47 m
0,4 0,16 0,45
1,0 0,297 GM=0,43 m
2,0 0,566
0,4

13.9. 0,35
-
-
0,3
,

0,25
GM
0,47 m ( 1) 0,2

1,67 m 0,15
( ). 0 0,5 1 0,5 1,67 2

4.
. 13.9
- .
168
. ( )
KG = 11,5 m.
, -
.
, , 1 m ,
, -
.
(.
13.9).
()
.
-
:
,
- 5.6
, . 12 m :
, = 56038 tn
-
. LCF = 94,96 m
KMT = 11,97 m

TP cm = 51,5 MT/cm
( . 13.9 13.9) -
MCT 1cm = 700,31 MTm/cm
.
E
GM = KMT KG = 11,97 11,5 = 0,47 m
LCF CF
W L

1 m,
P
(153) :
13.9
. P = ( )/[(1/ TP cm) +
+ (t2/(MCT 1 cm L)] = (100)/[(1/ 51,4) +
- + (94,962/(700,31 192)] =
- = (100)/[(0,0194) + (0,067)] =
. - = (100)/[(0,0864) = 1157,4 tn
,
, -
(153) :
GG1 = (P KG)/( P) =
. = (1157,4 11,5)/(56038 1157,4) =
= (13310,1)/(54880,6) = 0,242 m

, ,
,
13.9.4. 12,0 1,0 = 11,0 m, 5.6
= 11,87 m.
5.
1 (152)
(. 5.6)
:
192 m 12,20 m
11,80 m . MM1 = 11,87 11,97 = 0,10 m
169
G1M1 = GM + MM1 GG1 =

= 0,47 0,10 0,242 = 0,128 m ( )
, -
GM = 0,10 + 0,197 =
,
=0,297 m GM -
1 M
, .
,
1 M. -
.

13.10 ,
. .

13.10.1 . . (), -
2520 :
19611969 ( Lloyds Register), 1)
679, 27%, .
. - 2) .
3) .
- 4) .
, -

- (.. )
. -
-
- . , ,
,
- .
.
o -
- -
(,
, , ..).
, .
13.10.2 -

.
.
- ,
,
, ,
- ,
( ),
.

, .
. ,
,
, - . -

. , .
170
, .. SOLAS (
).
.
- 13.10.3 -
. , Lloyds .
Register of Shipping : 12 -
1) .
-
5 7,5% , -
, , ,
. -
2) T , -
- .

.
3) - ()
, .
-
13.10.
[.
13.10
13.10()].
.

, -

m

[. 13.10()].
-

, -
90 105 5 5
.
105 115 6 5

115 125 6 6
-
125 145 7 6
145 165 8 7
-
165 190 9 8
190
-

( ) ()
150 m . -
-
15.2.

:

1) , , ()
-
. 13.10
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2) )
15. . )
3) , , .
171
, m -
, , -
.. SOLAS, .
-
.
- .
o : 6) (permis-
1) sible length curve)
(bulkhead deck)
, o -
. ,
2) (margin line) - .
76 mm 13.10
- -
. .
3) (permeability) -

. ( -
) 100%, (0,64
0%. , 0,78
SOLAS 0,63 ).
-
-
. -
0,85.
4) (fldable length) -
, ( Fs = 0,7).
( )
. .
5) (floodable -
length curve) , = [()].

= Fs=0,7

= 0,78
= 0,64 = 0,63 L = 378,5'
B = 49,5'

D = 32,3'

- -
25 ft
25 ft
13.10
.
172
-
, , -
. ( -
) ,
.
,

.
7) (criterion of service nu- -
meral, Cs) -
SOLAS ,
(. 2 ).
..
. SOLAS
8) (subdivi- , -
sion load line) ,
. .
9) (L) (length
for subdivision load line) - ,
-
. -
10) (B) .
(breadth for subdivision load line) -
, -
.
11) (d) .
(draft for subdivision load line) - Fs -
- :
. Cs :
12) (factor of sub-
Cs = 72 ( + 2)/V (154)
division, Fs)
, - :
, - ,
,
V
. : .
) - :
.
= 58,2/(L 60) + 0,18.
)
- :
. B = 30,3/(L 42) + 0,18.

-
Fs :
Fs = A [ (A B) (Cs 23)]/100.

- 1.
-
150 m :
.
- = 4000 m3, P = 3000 m3, V = 13000 m3
173
:

Cs = 72 ( +2)/V =
5,7 m .
= 72 (4000 + 2 3000)/13000 = 55,38
= 58,2/(L 60) + 0,18 = -

= 58,2/(150 60) + 0,18 = 0,826 .
B = 30,3/(L 42) + 0,18 = -
= 30,3/(150 42) + 0,18 = 0,460 .
-
Fs = A [(A B) (Cs 23)]/100 = -
= 0,826 [(0,826 0,460) (55,38 23)]/ -
/ 100 = 0,826 0,118 = 0,708 (
).
2. (
1, ) ,
(d), , :
5,7 m, 1)

(permissible length). .
2)
-
-
3000 3500 m3,
0,05 m.
4000 4500 m3.
3) ,
.
7o.
, -
-
, (d),
,
.

:
: ( -
) -
= 4500 m3, P = 3500 m3, V = 13000 m3.
.
: /
Cs = 72 ( + 2)/V = , ,
= 72 (4500 + 2 3500)/13000 = 63,69 .
-
= 58,2/(L 60) + 0,18 =
= 58,2/ (150 60) + 0,18 = 0,826 .
B = 30,3/(L 42) + 0,18 = ,
= 30,3/ (150 42) + 0,18 = 0,460 ,
, -
Fs = A [(A B) (Cs 23)]/100 = ...
= 0,826 [(0,826 0,460)
(63,69 23)]/100 == 0,826 0,149 = 0,677 13.10.4 -
.

- , , -
( ) -
. , -
,
.
174
. 2)
. .
3) -
, - ,
, : ,
1) , , -
.
.
2) ,
,
. ,
3) -
, .
. .
4) , - ,

.
, ,
5)
,
, -
-
,
(, ). -
.
-
6)
.
.
7) , ,
. -
8) - .
, -
. ,
.
13.11 . , -

-
, -
, -

, -
, ,
.
-
-
-
, .
. - -
,
- -
.
, , -
.
, , -
, .
- -
, - .
:
1) - -
. :
175
1) . 17.
2) . 2)
3) (-
- ) -
. .
- 3) H , , -
- .
,
1.
, - 150
, m 15 m,
- 6,5 m , , -
. -
, , - ( 10
m )
,
.

4 m
.
(KG = 4
, ,
m). -
-

:

-
-
.
, -
. :

- -
, .
-
- 1) .
. 13.11
WL
W1L1.
. - -
-
, ,
- -
. .
-
,
:
. = 1,025 150 15 6,5 = 14990,6 MT

, - Iyy = (1503 15)/12 = 4218750 m4
-
- Ixx = (150 153)/12 = 42187 m4
, : V = 14990,6/1,025 = 14624 m3
1) H -
BMT = Ixx/V = 42187/14624 = 2,88 m
176
BML = yy/V = 4218750/14624 = 288,5 m

:
KB = 6,5/2 = 3,25 m
= w/ TP 1 cm =
GML = KB + BML KG = = 999,4 / 23,06 = 43,12 cm
= 3,25 + 288,5 4,0 = 287,73 m
:
GMT = KB + BMT KG = 3,25 + 2,88 4,0 = V = (14990,6 + 999,4)/1,025 = 15600 m3
= 2,13 m
BML = Iyy/V = 4218750/15600 = 270,43 m
:
TP 1 cm = 1,025 / (100) = MCT 1 cm = ( GML)/(100 L) =
= (1,025 150 15 )/ 100 = 23,06 MT/ cm = [14990,6 + 999,4) 270,43]/
(100 150) = 288,27 m/cm
MCT 1 cm = ( BML)/(100 L) =
= (14990,6 288,5)/ (100 150) = 75 5 =70 m :
= 288,3 -m/cm = ( )/MCT 1 cm =
= (999,4 70)/288,27 = 242,68 cm
-
. :
: HF = 6,5 + 0,431 + (2,426/2) = 8,144 m
w = 1,025 10 15 6,5 = 999,4 MT HA = 6,5 + 0,431 (2,426/2) = 5,718 m
L1
CF
W L
8,50
= 6,5 m W1 F = 6,5 m
5,60
10 m
LBP = 150 m
()
L1
CF
W L
5m
W1
()
. 13.11
) ) .
177
- -
w, -
- :
= w/TP 1 cm =
. = 1288/23,06 = 55,85 cm

:
75 5 5,54 = 64,46 m -
h = 6,5 + 0,431 + (2,426 70)/150 = 8,063 m :
w = 1,025 10 15 8,063 = 1239,7 MT = ()/MCT 1 cm =
1 = + w = 14990,6 + 1239,7 = 16229,7 MT = (1288 64,46)/288,25 = 288 cm
-
LCG1 = [( LCG) + (w Lcg)]/1 = :
= [(14990 0) + (1239,7 70)]/16229 = 5,35 m
HF = 6,5 + 0,562 + (2,88/2) = 8,502 m
: HA = 6,5 + 0,562 (2,88/2) = 5,62 m
3
V = (16229,7)/1,025 = 15834 m

BML = Iyy/V = 4218750/15834 = 266,436 m
.
MCT 1 cm = ( BML)/(100 L) =
h = 6,5 + 0,562 + (2,88 70)/150 = 8,41 m
= [16229,7) 266,436]/
/(100 150) = 288,27 m/cm w = 1,025 10 15 (8,41) = 1292 MT
- 1 = + w = 14990,6 + 1292 = 16282,6 MT

-
LCG1 = [( LCG) + (w Lcg)]/1 =
:
= [(14990 0) + (1292 70)]/16282,6 = 5,55 m
= w/ TP 1 cm =
= 1239,7/23,06 = 53,75 cm -
-
:
75 5 5,35 = 64,65 m - = w/TP 1 cm =
: = 1292/23,06 = 56 cm
= ()/MCT 1 cm =
= (1239,7 64,65)/288,27 = 288 cm 75 5 5,55 = 64,45 m -
- :
: = ()/MCT 1 cm =
HF = 6,5 + 0,537 + (2,88/2) = 8,477 m
= (1292 64,45)/288,25 = 289 cm
HA = 6,5 + 0,537 (2,88/2) = 5,597 m
-
:
: HF = 6,5 + 0,56 + (2,89/2) = 8,505 m
h = 6,5 + 0,537 + (2,88 70)/150 = 8,38 m HA = 6,5 + 0,56 (2,89/2) = 5,615 m
w = 1,025 10 15 (8,38) = 1288 MT
1 = + w = 14990,6 + 1288 = 16278,6 MT
.
LCG1 = [( LCG) + (w Lcg)]/1 = (
= [(14990 0 ) + (1288 70)]/16278,6 = 5,54 m ) :
178
1 = 16282,6 =[999,4 (75 5)]/234,39 =

= 298 cm
V1 = 16282/1,025 = 15885 m3
(
: 2,98 m)
kg = 8,41/2 = 4,205 m LCF -
70 m
KG1 = [( KG) + (w kg)]/1 = :
= [(14990,6 4) + (1292 4,205)]/16282,6 =
= 65394,4 /16282,6 = 4,016 m HF = 6,5 + 0,463 + [(75 + 5)/150] 2,98 = 8,552
KB1 = (6,5 + 0,56)/2 = 3,53 m HA = 6,5 + 0,463 [ (75 5)/150] 2,98 = 5,572
BMT1 = Ixx/V = 42187/15885 = 2,655 m KB = (6,5 + 0,463)/2 = 3,481 m
, GMT = KB + BMT KG =
- = 3,481 + 2,692 4,0 = 2,173 m
:
.
GGV = 1,025 (i/V1) =
= 1,025 (153 10 /12)/ 15885 = 0,181 m
o: :
1)
GM1 = KB1 + BMT1 KG1 GGV = -
= 3,53 + 2,655 4,016 0,181 = 1,988 m
.
2) [. 2) -
13.11()]. .
- -
14990,6 MT, -
. :
: (.
13.11):
Iyy = [(150 10)3 15)] /12 = 3430000 m4
= (1,988) (16282) =
Ixx = [(150 10)] 153)/12 = 39375 m4 = 32368 MTm
V = 14990,6/1,025 = 14624 m3 :
BMT = xx/V = 39375/14624 = 2,692 m = (2,173) (14990) =

= 32573 MTm
BML = Iyy/V = 3430000/14624 = 234,54 m
TP 1 cm = 1,025 /(100) =
= [1,025 (150 10) 15 ]/100 =
L1
= 21,52 MT/cm W CF
L
MCT 1 cm = ( ML)/(100 L) = W1
= (14990,6 234,54) / (100 150) = 4m
= 234,39 MTm/cm
=1,025 10 15 6,5
= 999,4 MT . 13.11

= 999,4/21,52 = 46,43 cm ' .
179
1%, MCT 1 cm = ( BML)/(100 L) =

. = (14990,6 288,5)/(100 150) =
3) ( = 288,3 m/cm
)
. .
, - :
.
4) o - w = 1,025 10 15 4,0 = 615 MT.

. :
2. =w/TP 1 cm =
= 615/23,06 = 26,69 cm
-
:
: V = (14990,6 + 615)/1,025 = 15225 m3
1) 4 m
BML = Iyy/V = 4218750/15225 = 277 m
.
MCT 1 cm = ( ML)/(100 L) =
2)
- = [14990,6 + 615) 277]/(100 150) =
. = 288,19 m/cm
, 75 5 =
= 70 m :

= ()/MCT 1 cm =
(. 13.11). =(615 70)/288,19 = 149,38 cm
- -
. :
: HF = 6,5 + 0,267 + (1,49/2) = 7,512 m
HA = 6,5 + 0,267 (1,49/2) = 6,022 m
= 1,025 150 15 6,5 = 14990,6 M
:
Iyy = (1503 15)/12 = 4218750 m4 kg = 4/2 = 2,0 m
Ixx = (150 153)/12 = 42187 m4 KG1 = [( KG) + (w kg)]/1 =
= [(14990,6 4) + (615 2,0)]/ 6282,6 =
V = 14990,6/1,025 = 14624 m3 = 61194/15606 = 3,921 m
BMT = Ixx/V = 42187/14624 = 2,88 m KB1 = (6,5+0,267)/2 = 3,38 m
BML = Iyy/V = 4218750/14624 = 288,5 m BMT1 = Ixx/V = 42187/15225 = 2,77 m
KB = 6,5/2 = 3,25 m ,
, -
GMT = KB + BMT KG
= 3,25 + 2,88 4,0 = 2,13 m :
: GM1 = KB1 +BMT1 KG1 =
TP 1 cm = 1,025 /(100) = = 3,38 + 2,77 3,92 = 2,23 m
= (1,025 150 15)/100 = 23,06 MT/ = (2,23) (14990 + 615)
cm = 34799 MTm
180
13.12 - .
.

-
, , , , -
,
-

. .
, -
,
.
, 13.14, -
, - :
1) ( )
- .
2) -
. (.. ).
- 3) -
, , (.. -
).
( ), - ( -
, , - ), -
, ,
. . -
-
- -
:
1) - , , -

- .
, , , -
, . .
2)
-
, ,
, ,

, . , .
3)
-
- .
, .
13.14 -
13.13 .
.
-
- ,
- .

181
, - 4) -
, - , -

- .
. 5)

. , -
, - (
, ).
. - 6) , -
.
- 7) -
, (capacity plan).
.
, 13.15 -
, .
, -
, , ,
:
/ . 1) ,
- -
-
, (

. ).
- 2) -
- .
,
.
,
. -

-
. - .
-
- .

.
-
, ,
- .
, -
, ,
:
1) . ()
2) (cross .
curves). -
3) . -
. ,
182
1) -
. .
2) .
- 3) ().
: 4) .
1) 5)
- .
-
. .
-
, - ,
. -
-
(), ,
. -
2) .
-
: -
) ,
. .
)
.
) .
) . -
) - .
. -
-
, .
( )
:
. 1) H

13.16 .
(
) .
, - 2)
: -
1) .
( ). 3) -
2) , - --
. .
3) - 4) -
.
4) - .
. 5) -
5) ,
. ,
6) - -
(.. ). .
( -
: ) :
183
1) -
. .
2) - ,
. -
3) . .
4) . , -
5) . ,
,
: .
1) .
2) - , -
.
3) . .
4) -
. . -
5) H -
, .
.
13.18
: .
1)
- -
. .
2) -
1) .
,
. , -
3) - , -
.
4) - , .
( - -
) . , , -
,
, , (. 13.18).
-
-
17. (
). -
13.17 .
, ,
-
,
. . -

. -

. .

. 2) (, ).
, - -
184
10 .
10 cm, . -

, -
, .
, .
- 5) .
. -
-
3) .
, , -
. ,
, -
. .
, .
- 6) (. 13.18).

13.18,
.
, .
7) .
4) .
, , -
, , - ,
- -

1 301 1 114
2 425 2 160
5''
3 512 3 192
4 603 4 227
5 676 5 254
6 739 6 277
() 7 794 7 286 ()
8 853 8 320
9 904 9 339 19,65 in2
12,26 in2

B
G.P.M. G.P.M.
(ft) (ft)
1 319 1 91
2 451 2 129
3 552 3 158
4 638 4 182
5 713 5 204
6 782 6 224
7 844 7 241
() 8 902 8 258 ()
9 957 9 273 21 in2
15 in2
: G.P.M. A .
6 in2
. 13.18
.
185
, -
, -

.

13.18.
8) .

,

, -
.
,
, -
. 13.18 ,
.
.
,
.

.
_
13.19 -
.
1) .

_ J

,

.
,
_ L -
, .
,
. 13.18 , -
. :
) , -
-
, -
, , .
) , -

.

.
2) (floodable lengths curve).
. 13.18
.
186
- .
- ,
, 13.10, ,
. -
: (
) . . 13.10.3).
)
3) .
. ,
) ,
.
(). ,
, , -
, , .
(floodable length ,
curve). (. 13.10)
.
, ) -
, -
,
(subdivision deck) -
( , o .
) 3 in. ) ,
- ,
, -
(margin .
line), ) -
.
,
,
. -
( ). .
- -
( ) - ,
.
. ,
-
63 26. ( )
, -
- .
,
. -
. 13.10 , -
, , . , -
, -
.
13.10 ( KG).
-
. - -
. , ,
187
( KG), . -

, - 13.19.
. -

4) . 8 9, 10
, 11, 3.
-
- ( ), -
. , , -
, .

. 1.
, ,
, - 13.19 ,
, - , 14 ft
(. . 14.6). (
) 8 ft.

. - .
,
(HM = 14 ft
(.. - GM = 8 ft) :
). 1) To
, - -
- 8 9, -
, .
( 2) To
) 1,
( ) 3,
18

17 10 11
16 1
,
. 13.19
15
2
8 9 -
14 . 1)
-. 2)
3 10%
13
.
12
2 4 6 8 10 12
GHT,
188
/, -
.
,
, - . -
( 9,5 ft). 16.
2. 2) (stability manual).
,

13.10
; -
-
. .
.
- -
.
, ,
:
. ) .
, ) .
) -
( ). .
) -

13.20 .
. ) ,
, -
1) .
, .
20
29
28
27
26
25
14.1 . 4)
,
, -

.
-
(intact con-
dition), .
.
,
, -

(damaged condition), -
.

, -
-
,
. ,
.
, O
.
, (, , -
- ..)
. ( )
() -
.
, .
14.2 .

:

1) -

.
2) - , -
,
, , .
. -
3) H , -
1968 (International Maritime
Organization)
100 m:
. 1) H -
(fore peak) ( GZ)
(double bottom tanks). 0,055
, 30
, 0,09 40 f (
. 40), f -
190
, ,
- .
. -
- , IMO -

30 40 ( 30 ,
f, f 40)
0,03 . ,
2) O GZ ,
0,20 m ,
30. .
3) O - -
- IMO Res MSC 267(85),
30, -
25. 19.
4) GMT
0,15 m. 14.3 -
- .
,
14.2.
(.. - .
, ) -
. - 13.10.2.
16.
- 14.4
- -
IMO: .
H -
,
.
. -
(good seamanship) -
,
1 > 0,055
o, GZ
1 + 2 > 0,09
2 > 0,3
GZ* GZ* *>25
GZ30o > 0,2 m
GZ30o
GMT> 0,15 m
GHT
A2
A1
30o L * 57,3
40
f
. 14.2
.
191
. .
. 2)
- .
, ..,
, -

. ,
, - 8. H
: -
1) , - -
. .
2) , -
200 .. :
, - 1) O
( II). C,
3) . - (. 14.4) -
( ). (0,6 GZmax) GZmax o -
4) . .
2) 1 40%
, 2 (. 14.4).
( IV). 3) H
5) , , o
3 .. - -
30 -
6 .. ( V). 60.
6) . - -
, ,
( III).
- 2 13.4.
, ( ) -
.
- . -
:
1) -
-
GZ
A1 GZmax

25

2
0
. 14.4
.
192
. o -
-
( 3.1 ).
(
, ..).
O - , -
:
1) O
, , .
, -
. 14.6
2) O -
. .
3) ,
-
-
.

14.5 - (SOLAS 1974).
, :
IMO 1)
Res MSC 267(85). -
,
IMO Res MSC ,
267(85),
,
. .
: 2) , -
1) IMO Res MSC 267(85) , :
)
-
(. 14.2) 0,05 m.
. ) ,
2) - 7
-
, - -
IMO Res MSC 267(85) .
,
(. . 19.2). , o -
3) :
1) -
( -
8 ) - , ,
IMO Res MSC 267(85) - .
10 ,
. ,
4) IMO Res MSC 267(85) - , o -
- ...
10 2)
193
)
, .
)
. .
)
- 1.
-
. 14.8 .
,
, - , -
-
,
. ,
(. 13.19).
,
14.7 .
, -
- .

-
-
. , , -
,
[RESOLUTION MSC.267(85), adopt-
ed on 4 December 2008] :
1) - ( ) .
, SOLAS
,
.
- , -
, ,
, - . -
5000 DWT, - -
, ,
. ,
2) ()
, ( -
: ):
) - 1) -
. GM.
) - 2) -
. KG.
) - 3)
(stability in- KG
struments).
) - deadweight.
. -
1
RESOLUTION MSC.267(85).
194
-
-

14.8 60000

B
m.
50000
A
( ).

()
40000
,

. -
48000 , 30000
deadweight
300000 m. -
12432 , 20000
48000 12432 = 35568
:

KG = 10000
= ( )/ =
=(300000)/35568 = 8,43 m
1. 10000 20000 30000 40000

_m
14.8 , - . 14.8
14.8
- .
.
14.8 - 2.
53232 ,
305000 m. - KG, -
12432 35000
deadweight 53232 12432 = 40800
: .
KG =
= ( deadweight)/deadweight = 35000 + 12432 = 47432
= (305000)/40800 = 7,47 m. 14.8 -
290000 m. :
KG -
( 9,91 KG = ( -
m). )/= (290000)/35000 = =8,28 m
.
195
14.8
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
K
1/S.F B
= (3) (4) = (3) (6)
MT/m3 ()
(m) ()m m ()m m2
0,798 40361 103,78 4188569 9,08 366391
( 6.4.2)
0,920 150 12,29 1844 12,22 1833 7

( 6.4.1)
0,860 50 11,58 579 12,08 604 8

( 6.4.1)
0,860 59 21,86 1290 12,25 723 6

( 6.4.1)
1,000 79 13,28 1049 8,96 708 13

( 6.4.1)
Y 1,025
101 72,65 7338 15,91 1607
40800 102,96 4200669 9,11 371866

12432 87,57 1088670 12,08 150179
53232 99,36 5289339 9,91 522045 36

= 5289339 / 53232 = 99,36 m

= 522045 / 53232 = 9,81m

20
29
28
27
26
25
15.1 .
()
.
, deadweight. 2) .
-

(.. ) -
. -
, - .

, 15.2 -
, .
, -

. -
- .

DWT . ,
- , LF
(1876) .
:
1) ,
, -
. ,
1930 1966 .
. -
-
, [Merchant Shipping (Load line) regulations, ( )
1966], / -
, SOLAS IMO .
o Merchant Shipping (Load line) 2)
regulations, 1998, -
Merchant Shipping (Load .
line) (amendments) regulations, 2000.
(
-
)
(freeboard) :
: 1)
1) . - .
2) 1/5
.
197
3) -
. .
4) KG -
, , -
50% - , LF (
. -
: ).
1) (60)
100 150 m 15.2.
-
( -
) 150 m, ,

, -
. -
2) (100) (,
100 150 m Cb, , -
- ).
- ,
( ) - , -
150 m, , -
, - ,
, .
. -
15.3 (plim-
soll marks).
5,00
-
60
4,50 ,

4,00 0 (deck line) (load
-6 40
line marks).
3,50
, ,
Freeboard m
-
3,00
.
H
2,50

2,00 , -
A
1,50 .

1,00 15.3.

0,50 :
1) S (Summer load line).
, , -
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
.
m 2) W (Winder load line).
. 15.2 .
. 1/48 .
198
3) WNA (Winder North Atlantic). .

.
100 m, 50 15.3
mm . , -
W WNA . L.
4) T (Tropical load line).

1/48 . ..
5) F (Fresh water load line). - .
.
15.4 -
/40 T ( cm)
.
FWA mm, : )
tn ) T tn/cm
(TPC). -
6) TF (Tropical fresh water).
.
, , 1/48 .
Deck line
TF
Summer freeboard
TF Tropical fresh water F
F Fresh water T
T Tropical sea water
S Summer sea water S
W Winter sea water
WNA Winter North Atlantic W
for vessels<100m in length
LR Letters indicating the registration WNA
authotity (here Lloyds Register)
. 15.3
.
199
:
1) .
, ,
8 BF
10% .
2) . -
8 - -
1% , .
5 -
, , - .
.
- 7.12
- . -
: 16 knots
1) - 32 tn .
. :
2) . 1) 6 tn .
3) . 2) 1,5 tn .
- :
, - 1) 1100 .. .
2) 3200 .. .
S, . 3) 2000 .. .
-
- :
: 1) ,
- 1200 ..
,
34 N 50 , o (margin).
34 17 , 2) 30 tn .
34 N
28 ... ;
.
- :
. 1)
- :
=
. = 1100 + 3200 + 2000 = 6300 ...

16 15 = 6300 + 1200 = 7500 ...
16 15 .
, - - = 7500 = 19,53
16 24
(S), =19,53 32 = 624,95
(W). =19,53 6 =117,18
- =19,53 1,5 = 29,29
,
. 771,42
, - 30,00
, , 801,42

200
(. 7.12): :
) = 17000 . ) 0,191,
) = 9,17 m. 15.3:
) = 9,17 + 0,191 = 9,361 m. )
) TPC = 31,45 MT/cm. 0,050 m.
) Deadweight tropical = 17000 + 19,1 31,45 = )
= 17000 + 600 = 17600 . = 0,191 + 0,050 = 0,241 m Dead-
) = 17600 801 = 16799 . weight = 17000 24,1 31,45 = 16249,3 -
= 16249,3 359 = 15890,3 .
2)
:
,
= 3200 + 2000 + 1200 -
= 6400 ... 15890,3 .
-
6000 .
= = 16,65
16 24
=16,65 32 = 532,80
=16,65 6 = 99,90 15.5
=16,65 1,5= 24,98
.
657,68
30 , o -
, 688 -
, ,

, deadweight .
17000 , -
10
:
, :
= 17000 688 = 16312
1) -
3) - , -
: -
,
.
2) -
,
= 2000 + 1200 = 3200 ..
3200 .
= = 8,33
16 24
= 8,33 32 = 266,56 ( -
= 8,33 6 = 49,98 ).
= 8,33 1,5 = 12,49 , -
329,03 :
30 1) H
, .
, 359 2) H
, -
.
201
3) H ,
- .
. -
-
15.6 - 12.19
- 9,195 m
. 10,303 m.
12.19 -
10 cm, -

( ) - .
,

. .

- -
. -
. ( ) -
(9,195 + 10,303)/2= 9,75 m,
.
0,65 m.
12.19
(
1.000). - .
, -
, ,
10,40 m.
- .

20
29
28
27
26
25
16.1 .

, - 2)
- , -
. , .
-
, , - -
.
- .
O

-
( 19 -
:
).
1)

.

2)

(feeders), -

.

3) ()

, .
. ,
. ,
16.2 . ..
,
16.2.1 .
, ,
, , , , . ,
, . ,
-
1,2 2,0 m3/MT (43 72 ft3/LT). .
H -
, , - .
, -
, -
. .
(voids) - O -
, , ,
(shifting of 1880, , (Mer-
cargo). H - chant Shipping Act), 300
( -
-
) :
1) .
203
, -
,
5.
. , ,
-
- :
. 1) 2%
O VI SOLAS 1948, .
, - 2) H ,
. , , 12.
, : SOLAS 1960
1) ,
. -
2) -
-
. (grain loading manuals)
3) H .
/ 19601969,
. -
, , .
-

,
SOLAS 1960, 1969,
. -
,
:
.
1) -

,
1969
.
SOLAS 1960 ,
2)
(, , -
..) , :
, 1) H .
. 2) H -
19481960 ,
.
- 3)
. (partially filled) .
VI SOLAS
1960 , 1969
12 in (305 ,
mm) - -
14 in (356 mm), : , , -
1) . 1969,
.
2) SOLAS 1974
. :
1)
SOLAS 1974
3) - 1969 -
, - SOLAS
(. ) , 1960
204
2) - ) 2.
SOLAS , -
1974. , -
(angle of flooding),
.
- (f )
, - , , ,
-
,
SOLAS 1974. - .
- ) 3.
, , ,
- -
. ,
16.2.2 .
SOLAS 1974. ) 4.
, , ,
VI SOLAS 1974, -
: (o
1) . ), -
2) - :
. H
3) 12.
. H 16.2

SOLAS, 0,075 .
.

1) . 0,30 m.
0 16.2 :
VI SOLAS 1974
13 (regula- 0 =

tions), : (m3 /MT) ()
. 16.2
, m

0
40
40 57,3
()
205
H ,
-
, - .
12
40. (allowable heeling moments),
O ,
, 4.
() -
- (
).
(, - -
). ,
) 5. , -
- 4.
, -
. ,
.
) 6.
-
-

SOLAS.
,
.

. : (
KG).
- -
.
, -
4, .
-
2) -
.
.

, B VI SOLAS 1974
.

) 10.
. -
:
,
(document of .
authorization). , , -
- .
) .
-
. , ,
) 11. (void),
-
, , 16.2 Vd.
Vd,
. ,
: .
16.2
(shifting moments) . o
206
. .
, , - .
, 16.2,

15. . .
16.2 16.2
, -
15 , - .
. ,
: ( ) - (hold) (tween deck)
, l , h1 , ,
, h2 -
h1 h2

, : b B
u Vd
= l . (155)
g2
, - 15

g2,
(
kg1 g1 kg2
) -
, (155)
-
. g2
. 16.2
-

. .

Vd B
g1. O
, -
E
.
g1,
, (155) . 16.2
- .
6%.
() - 150 mm
,
,
( ) Vd
16.2 ( b).

16.2.
16.2

. . 16.2
,
BE ( ).
207
, -
.
.
-
:
1)
, . -
. -
45, 50, 55,
) .
60 65 ft3/LT.

-
..
:
,
H -
SOLAS . H
,
-
SOLAS, 25.

H -
-
. deadweight.
2)
. o (
,
- )
.
3)
. -
,
C VI SOLAS 1974 .
-
-
. .

: 1) .
) - H -
- :
, ) , -
-
. , -
) -
. .
) H . )
) . -
) H .
) -
. .
)
16.2.3
,
.
( -
, ).
, o ) 16.2.
208
) , , - No 4: .
4 No 5: o .
VI SOLAS 1974. - 14245
- deadweight 10845 . -
3400
, - 7,31 m .
. -
, -
- 1,3 m3/MT.
, , -
No 1 2 Deeptanks, No 2
16.2. , 5 , deadweight
10830 , .
, ,
. , -
SOLAS.
2) .

,
, - .
(Coast Guard),
. -
:
, O (.
16.2.1). H
( ), - , -
KG . ,
. 14000 KG = 6,857 m,
H , - 1869 MTm. -
, - KG
, -
, .
- O (. 16.2.2)

, - ( m4) -
- .
, H -
- (. 16.2.3) :
. (
) -
( ).
- 16.2.2.
: :
No 1: No 1 2 Deeptanks, (lower No 1 -
hold) (tweendeck) .
No 1: . ( 229
No 2: . 250,4 m4 , 16.2.2).
No 3: . No 2 -
No 4: No 4 Deeptank (-
. 497,8 m4 16.2.2).
209
16.2.1
(MTm).
E
G
KG m
( - m)
(MT)
(m)
6,095 6,171 6,248 6,324 6,400 6,477 6,552 6,629 6,705 6,781 6,857 6,933 7,010 7,086
8500 2576 2433 2290 2147 2003 1860 1717 1574 1430 1287 1144 1001 857 7,055 771
9000 2548 2396 2245 1849 1942 1790 1638 1487 1335 1183 1031 878 6,994 758
9500 2551 2391 2231 2071 1911 1751 1591 1431 1270 1110 951 772 6,958 739
10000 2685 2516 2347 2179 2010 1842 1664 1489 1336 1168 999 830 6,943 811
10500 2797 2602 2444 2267 2090 1913 1735 1558 1412 1205 1028 851 6,933 848
11000 2937 2751 2566 2380 2195 1998 1825 1639 1454 1268 1113 6,921 927
11500 3078 2884 2690 2497 2303 2109 1915 1721 1527 1333 1140 6,924 969
12000 3267 3065 2862 2660 2458 2255 2053 1851 1649 1447 1245 6,930 1050
12500 3396 3185 2975 2764 2554 2343 2132 1922 1711 1469 1290 1079 6,943 1057
13000 3593 3374 3155 2936 2717 2498 2279 2060 1841 1621 1402 1183 6,964 1096
13500 3841 3613 3386 3158 2931 2703 2476 2248 2021 1793 1565 1338 7,000 1138
14000 4199 3963 3727 3491 3255 2897 2783 2547 2311 2075 1869 1603 1367 7,055 1225
14245 4409 4168 3928 3688 3447 3207 2966 2726 2486 2245 2004 1764 1524 7,071 1148
16.2.2
m4.

-

1 Deeptanks 52,9
2 Deeptanks 134,5
1 374,5 229,0 1879,0 675,1
1 470,7 250,4 3067,8 657,1
2 497,8 300,7 3103,3 1076,6
2 682,3 295,7 4306,2 1076,6
3 342,7 210,4 2108,4 742,5
3 499,7 208,0 2969,8 742,5
3 Deeptanks 85,4 297,0
4 314,0 188,5 2242,1 668,2
4 467,7 230,4 3436,9 859,3
5 363,6 219,1 2766,8 789,1
5 533,9 257,9 3156,5 789,1
1)
2) (
).
1 Deeptanks, 607,2 m4
2 738,6 m4
3 528,0 m4
4 Deeptanks, 545,0 m4
5 510,8 m4
2992,6 m4
210
16.2.3
.
......
1,3 m3/ (46 ft3/LT)
m4 ( . 16.2.2)

VCg
1 DT m3 TM
(m) (m)
1 LH 229 3400 7,31 24870
1 TD 250,4 150 10,66 1600
2 LH 497,8 1 LH 1166 897 6,46 5796
2 TD 2 LH 2798 2149 4,85 10414
3 LH 3 LH 1935 1488 4,81 7165
3 TD 528 4 LH 1663 1279 5,15 6588
4 DT 5 LH 1658 1275 5,82 7422
4 LH DT 142 628 2,62
4 TD 545 DT 4 759 584 5,06 2954
5 LH 363,6 1 TD 1213 933 10,82 10094
5 TD 2 TD 1321 10,33
3 TD 791 608 10,08 6134
4 TD 997 767 10,40 7971
5 TD 977 10,85
1340,8 1073
-
2413,8
= M
1856,8 MT-m 13530 6,72 91000
= /S.F. (1)
E ( . 16.2.1) :
LH =
2697 m
TD =
1922 m DT = Deeptank
2141 m S.F. =

VCG VCG VCG

(m) (-m) (m) (-m) (m) (-m)
(1) 13530 6,72 91000 13530 6,72 91000 13530 6,72 91000
50 10,36 518 35 10,36 363 20 10,36 207
100 3,81 381 75 3,81 286 50 3,81 191
450 0,61 275 215 0,61 131 50 0,61 31
100 0,61 61 75 0,61 46 50 0,61 31

allast 300 0,61 183
()
211
14230 6,48 92235 13930 6,59 91826 14000 6,55 91643

E
0,21 0,21 0,21
Gv 6,69 6,80 6,76

KMT 7,37 7,34 7,34
GvMT 0,68 0,54 0,58
No No No No No
5 4 3 2 1
No 3 4 1)
, 0,30 m.
2) -
( 528 545 m4 .
16.2.2). 3)
No 5 -
(- 300 .
363,6 m4 16.2.2). -
-
. . ,
, -
:
, 1) .
. H 2)
( )
.

3)
. -
.
.
H

, o
16.2.3
- .
- , ,
, .
-
, KGV .
GvM. 16.2.4
KGV - .
16.2.1
, -
SOLAS
16.2.3. (trim-
ming),

.
16.2.3 . H
: :
212
1) .
2) , -

.
-
,
-
-
.
bulk-carriers -
[. ()
16.2()].
H , -

SOLAS,

30 , ,
.

bulk-carriers -

.
o -
(self trimming ships) bulk-
carriers,
-
.
()
,
. 16.2
16.2(). - bulk carrier. )
selftrimming . ) .
, -
. , -
,
bulk-carriers. , -
(1977 1978)
, ,
, .
- 16.2.5 -
, - .
,
1) grain stability
16.2 ( calculation form National Cargo Bureau
). H Inc (USA).
,
-
. - -
Grain Stability Calculation form.
() , .
bulk-carriers - -
213
- -
16.2.3(2). NO 3 4
2) - 1,35,
.
- 1,268.
16.2.8, 16.2.9 16.2.10 -

16.2.3(2). ()
16.2.4 .
( ).
16.2.5 GM
-
,
. , -
16.2.6 SOLAS.
(FW), 4)
(DO), (FD W), - .
(FO) (BW) -
. .
, ,
- :
( ) )
, -
. (hatch) .
-
(lower hold) -
(0,30 m). (tween deck) .
16.2.7 -
. -

, . .
) -
- ,
- ( -
, ) .
SOLAS.
- (
- ),
, -
16.2.3 ( .
). -
3) -
- -
. -
, ,
1,3,
,
. .
214
16.2.4
NATIONAL CARGO BUREAU, INC GRAIN STABILITY CALCULATION FORM
*(Required for vessels loading bulk grain in the United States of America)
M.V./S.S. YEAR BUILT

AT CITY
COUNTRY OF REGISTRY NET TONNAGE IMO NO.
IN COUNTRY
AGENT
Grain loading booklet approved by _________________________________________________________

On behalf of (flag state) _________________________________________________________________
Drawing No. ________________________ Date of approval ____________________________________
Applicable regulations __________________________________________________________________
Addendum for untrimmed ends approved by _________________________________________________
Drawing No. ________________________ Date of approval ____________________________________
Loading port(s) ________________________________________________________________________
Bunkering port(s) ______________________________________________________________________
Discharge port(s) ______________________________________________________________________
Steaming distance ______________miles Miles per day___________________ Time ____________
Daily consumption: Fuel: __________________ Diesel:__________________ Water: ____________
Displacement Deadweight Draft Freeboard

**Winter _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Summer _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
**Tropical _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Fresh water allowance_________________________ TPC / TPI (At summer draft) _______________________

* Except for exempted voyages
** If applicable
This is to certify that:

1) This calculation is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the vessels grain loading booklet
and the applicable grain regulations.
2) The stabilty of the vessel will be maintained throughout the voyage in accordance with this calculation.
Calculations prepared by: ______________________________________

(to be completed if the form is prepared by other Masters signature
______________________________________
than ships personnel)
Masters name (printed)
Examined by: ______________________________________
Name (print)____________________________
N.C.B. surveyors signature
Company ______________________________ ______________________________________
N.C.B. surveyors name (printed)
Signature ______________________________
Date: ______________________________________
Date _________________________________
NOTE: Original stability calculation and grain arrangement plan to be submitted to the N.C.B. surveyor. All tonnages used
in this calculation shall be shown in the same units as used in the grain loading booklet.
215
16.2.5
SHIP AND CARGO CALCULATION
PART I
Type of grain ____________________Stowage factor _________ 1,3 ________ M3/MT ___ 46,64 __ FT3/LT
Grain cubics (2) S.F. S.F. DEN

Compt. Cargo S.F. Weight Moment
V.C.G. 3 3
No. (1) (1) (3) (3) M /MT FT /LT MT/M3
Total Used
1,171 42 0,854
No 1 DT
1,184 42,5 0,844
No 1 LH 1166 897 6,46 5796 1,198 43 0,834
No 2 LH 2798 2149 4,85 10414 1,212 43,5 0,825
1,226 44 0,816
No 3 LH 1935 1488 4,81 7165 1,240 44,5 0,806
No 4 LH 1663 1279 5,15 6588 1,254 45 0,797
1,268 45,5 0,789
No 5 LH 1658 1275 5,82 7422 1,282 46 0,780
DT 142 1,296 46,5 0,772
1,310 47 0,763
DT 4 759 584 5,06 2954
1,324 47,5 0,755
No 1 TD 1213 933 10,82 10094 1,338 48 0,747
No 2 TD 1,352 48,5 0,740
1,366 49 0,732
No 3 TD 791 608 10,08 6034 1,380 49,5 0,725
No 4 TD 997 767 10,40 7971 1,393 50 0,718
1,407 50,5 0,711
No 5 TD 1,421 51 0,704
1,435 51,5 0,697
1,449 52 0,690
1,477 53 0,677
1,505 54 0,664
This calculation is Cargo totals 9980 6,466 64538 1,533 55 0,652
prepared in: 1,561 56 0,641
Light ship 3400 7,31 24854 1,589 57 0,629
Metric units 1,616 58 0,619
Constant 150 10,66 1599
1,644 59 0,608
English units 1,672 60 0,598
Ship and cargo totals 13530 90991 1,700 61 0,588
1,728 62 0,579
(1) Compete these columns if more than one type of cargo is loaded.
(2) For partly filled compartments, show the cubics used in addition to the total cubics.
(3) Weights and moments should be shown to the nearest whole unit.
CARGO PLAN: Indicate holds, tween decks, engine spaces, fittings, stowage, tonnages, etc.
216
16.2.6
FUEL AND WATER CALCULATION
PART II
The intermediate section must be completed if the arrival section shows ballast that is not listed in the de-
parture section. The intermediate condition is immediately before ballasting and must include the effect of
free surface, but not the effect of added weight. Additional fuel taken after departure must be shown in the
intermediate section in the same manner as ballast.
DEPARTURE: INTERMEDIATE: ARRIVAL:

Type Mo- F.S. Mo- F.S. Mo- F.S.
Tank Weight V.C.G. Weight V.C.G. Weight V.C.G.
Liquid ment Mom. ment Mom. ment Mom.
FW 50 10,36 518 35 10,36 363 20 10,36 207
DO 100 3,81 381 75 3,81 286 50 3,81 191
FO 450 0,61 275 215 0,61 131 50 0,61 31
FD W 100 0,61 61 75 0,61 46 50 0,61 31
BW 300 0,61 183
TOTALS
Liquids 700 1235 0,21 400 826 0,21 470 643 0,21
Ship and cargo 13530 90991 13530 90991 13530 90991
Displacement 14230 92226 13930 91817 14000 91634
Sailing Draft ________ At density ________
Departure KG 6,48 Intermediate KG 6,59 Arrival KG 6,55

(1) Free surface corr. (+) 0,21 (1) Free surface corr. (+) 0,21 (1) Free surface corr. (+) 0,21
(2) Vert. S.M. corr. (+) (2) Vert. S.M. corr. (+) (2) Vert. S.M. corr. (+)
Departure KGv 6,69 Intermediate KGv 6,80 Arrival KGv 6,76
Departure KM 7,37 Intermediate KM 7,34 Arrival KM 7,34

Departure GM 0,68 Intermediate GM 0,54 Arrival GM 0,58
Required minimum GM 0,30 Required minimum GM 0,30 Required minimum GM 0,30
sum of free surface moments

(1) Free surface corr. = (This correction must be applied to all ships)
displacement
sum of vertical shifting moments

(2) Vert s.m. corr. = (This correction applies when the volumetric heeling
displacement
moment curves or tables do not specifically state that
the correction for the rise in vertical center of gravity has
been included, and the manual provides vertical shifting
moments.)
217
16.2.7
HEELING MOMENT CALCULATION
PART III
Volumetric Grain Vertical shifting moment
Grain ullage
heeling S.F. or heeling (if provided)
Compt. No Stowage (1) or depth
moment Density (2) moment See note 2 in Part II
M/FT M4 MT M M4/FT4 MT M / FT LT
No 1 LH FT FULL 229 1,3 176 MT M
No 2 LH FT FULL 497,8 1,3 383 MT M
No 3 LH FT FULL 1,3
528,0
No 3 TD FT FULL 1,3 406 MT M
No 4 LH FT FULL 1,3
545
No 4 TD FT FULL 1,3 419 MT M
No 1 TD FT FULL 250,4 1,3 193 MT M
No 5 LH FT FULL 363,6 1,3 279 MT M
TOTALS 2413,8 1856
(1) Under stowage indicate F T for filled compartments trimmed, F UT for filled compartments untrimmed, PF for
partly filled compartments, and SEC for secured or over-stowed compartments.
(2) The stowage factor used in Part III shall not exceed the one based on the weight per unit of volume (test weight) of the
grain. If the stowage factor is the same in all compartments, divide the total volumetric heeling moment by the stowage
factor or multiply by the density to obtain the grain heeling moment. If the stowage factor varies, obtain the grain heel-
ing moment for each compartment.
International grain code, Part A, 7.1
Regulation 4, Chapter VI, SOLAS 1974 or
A. FOR VESSELS APPROVED UNDER Regulation 4, IMCO Resolution A.264(VIII), New Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
Regulation 4, IMCO Resolution A.184 an equivalent to Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
Stability Summary
DEPARTURE INTERMEDIATE ARRIVAL
Displacement 14230 13930 14000
KGv 6,69 6,80 6,76
Total grain heeling moment 1856 1856 1856
Maximum allowable heeling moment 2697 1922 2141
*Angle of heel (12o max.)
*Residual 0,075 meter-radians
area (14,1 FTo or 4,3 Mo) minimum
*GM (0,3 M or 1 FT minimum)
* To be completed if vessels grain loading booklet does not include a table of allowable heeling moments.
In such case, statical stability diagrams demonstrating this information shall be attached hereto.
Section V (B), Part B, Chapter VI, SOLAS 1974
B. FOR SPECIALLY SUITABLE SHIPS APPROVED UNDER Section V (B), Part B, IMCO Resolution A.264 (VIII), New
Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
grain heeling moment 57,3 Regulation 12, Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
Angle of heel =
displacement GM
Total grain heeling moment
Displacement
GM
Angle of heel (5o max.)
218
16.2.8
SHIP AND CARGO CALCULATION
PART I
Type of grain ____________________Stowage factor _____________________ M3/MT __________ FT3/LT
Grain cubics (2) S.F. S.F. DEN

Compt. Cargo S.F. Weight Moment
V.C.G. 3 3
No. (1) (1) (3) (3) M /MT FT /LT MT/M3
Total Used
1,171 42 0,854
No 1 DT
1,184 42,5 0,844
No 1 LH 1166 1,268 1166 920 6,46 5943 1,198 43 0,834
No 2 LH 2398 1,268 2798 2207 4,85 10704 1,212 43,5 0,825
1,226 44 0,816
No 3 LH 1935 1,35 1935 1433 4,81 6892 1,240 44,5 0,806
No 4 LH 1663 1,35 1663 1234 5,15 6355 1,254 45 0,797
1,268 45,5 0,789
No 5 LH 1658 1,268 1658 1307 5,82 7606 1,282 46 0,780
DT 142 1,296 46,5 0,772
1,310 47 0,763
DT 4 759 1,268 759 598,5 5,06 3028
1,324 47,5 0,755
No 1 TD 1213 1,268 1213 957 10,82 10359 1,338 48 0,747
No 2 TD 1,352 48,5 0,740
1,366 49 0,732
No 3 TD 791 1,35 791 586 10,08 5907 1,380 49,5 0,725
No 4 TD 997 1,35 997 738,5 10,40 7680 1,393 50 0,718
1,407 50,5 0,711
No 5 TD 1,421 51 0,704
1,435 51,5 0,697
1,449 52 0,690
1,477 53 0,677
1,505 54 0,664
This calculation is Cargo totals 9981 6,459 64469 1,533 55 0,652
prepared in: 1,561 56 0,641
Light ship 3400 7,31 24854 1,589 57 0,629
Metric units 1,616 58 0,619
Constant 150 10,66 1599
1,644 59 0,608
English units 1,672 60 0,598
Ship and cargo totals 13531 90922 1,700 61 0,588
1,728 62 0,579
(1) Compete these columns if more than one type of cargo is loaded.
(2) For partly filled compartments, show the cubics used in addition to the total cubics.
(3) Weights and moments should be shown to the nearest whole unit.
CARGO PLAN: Indicate holds, tween decks, engine spaces, fittings, stowage, tonnages, etc.
219
16.2.9
FUEL AND WATER CALCULATION
PART II
The intermediate section must be completed if the arrival section shows ballast that is not listed in the de-
parture section. The intermediate condition is immediately before ballasting and must include the effect of
free surface, but not the effect of added weight. Additional fuel taken after departure must be shown in the
intermediate section in the same manner as ballast.
DEPARTURE: INTERMEDIATE: ARRIVAL:

Type Mo- F.S. Mo- F.S. Mo- F.S.
Tank Weight V.C.G. Weight V.C.G. Weight V.C.G.
Liquid ment Mom. ment Mom. ment Mom.
FW 50 10,36 518 35 10,36 363 20 10,36 207
DO 100 3,81 381 75 3,81 286 50 3,81 191
FO 450 0,61 275 215 0,61 131 50 0,61 31
FD W 100 0,61 61 75 0,61 46 50 0,61 31
BW 300 0,61 183
TOTALS
Liquids 700 1235 0,21 400 826 0,21 470 643 0,21
Ship and cargo 13531 90922 13531 90922 13531 90922
Displacement 14231 92157 13931 91748 14001 91565
Sailing Draft ________ At density ________
Departure KG 6,475 Intermediate KG 6,585 Arrival KG 6,54

(1) Free surface corr. (+) 0,21 (1) Free surface corr. (+) 0,21 (1) Free surface corr. (+) 0,21
(2) Vert. S.M. corr. (+) (2) Vert. S.M. corr. (+) (2) Vert. S.M. corr. (+)
Departure KM 7,37 Intermediate KM 7,34 Arrival KM 7,34

Departure GM 0,685 Intermediate GM 0,545 Arrival GM 0,59
Required minimum GM 0,30 Required minimum GM 0,30 Required minimum GM 0,30
sum of free surface moments

(1) Free surface corr. = (This correction must be applied to all ships)
displacement
sum of vertical shifting moments

(2) Vert s.m. corr. = (This correction applies when the volumetric heeling moment
displacement curves or tables do not specifically state that the correction for
the rise in vertical center of gravity has been included, and the
manual provides vertical shifting moments.)
220
16.2.10
HEELING MOMENT CALCULATION
PART III
Volumetric Grain Vertical shifting moment
Grain ullage
heeling S.F. or heeling (if provided)
Compt. No Stowage (1) or depth
moment Density (2) moment See note 2 in Part II
M/FT M4/FT4 MT M M4/FT4 MT M / FT LT
No 1 LH FT FULL 229 1,268 180,6
No 2 LH FT FULL 497,8 1,268 392,6
No 3 LH FT FULL
528
No 3 TD FT FULL 1,35 391,1
No 4 LH FT FULL
545
No 4 TD FT FULL 1,35 403,7
No 1 TD FT FULL 250,4 1,268 197,4
No 5 LH FT FULL 363,6 1,268 286,7
TOTALS 2413,8 1852,1
(1) Under stowage indicate F T for filled compartments trimmed, F UT for filled compartments untrimmed, PF for
partly filled compartments, and SEC for secured or over-stowed compartments.
(2) The stowage factor used in Part III shall not exceed the one based on the weight per unit of volume (test weight) of the
grain. If the stowage factor is the same in all compartments, divide the total volumetric heeling moment by the stowage
factor or multiply by the density to obtain the grain heeling moment. If the stowage factor varies, obtain the grain heel-
ing moment for each compartment.
Regulation 4, Chapter VI, SOLAS 1974 or
A. FOR VESSELS APPROVED UNDER Regulation 4, IMCO Resolution A.264(VIII), New Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
Regulation 4, IMCO Resolution A.184 an equivalent to Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
Stability Summary
Displacement 14231 13931 14001
KGv 6,685 6,795 6,75
Total grain heeling moment 1852,1 1852,1 1852,1
Maximum allowable heeling moment
*Angle of heel (12o max.)

*Residual 0,075 meter-radians
area (14,1 FTo or 4,3 Mo) minimum
*GM (0,3 M or 1 FT minimum)

* To be completed if vessels grain loading booklet does not include a table of allowable heeling moments.
In such case, statical stability diagrams demonstrating this information shall be attached hereto.
Section V (B), Part B, Chapter VI, SOLAS 1974
B. FOR SPECIALLY SUITABLE SHIPS APPROVED UNDER Section V (B), Part B, IMCO Resolution A.264(VIII), New
Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
grain heeling moment 57,3 Regulation 12, Chapter VI, SOLAS 1960
Angle of heel =
displacement GM

Total grain heeling moment
Displacement
GM
Angle of heel (5o max.)
221
16.3 . , -
. :
16.3.1 . . 1) 1000
(lumber or timber loads) Board Feet. -
- Standard,

.
.
(full) (part cargo) -
2) , ,
. ,
Stere 1 m3.

, Petrograd Standard. H
, Standard
, 16.3.1.
-
. 16.3.2, -
, . Stere
- 16.3.3.
16.3.1
Standard.
I - I

in in ft Board feet ft3
Petrograd Standard 120 1 11 12 = 1980 = 165
Christiania Standard 120 1 9 11 = 1237,5 = 103,12
London Irish Standard 120 3 9 12 = 3240 = 270
Quebec Standard 100 2 11 12 = 2750 = 229,2
Drammen Standard 120 2 6 12 = 1462,5 = 121,9
Drontheim Standard () 2376 = 198
Wyburg Standard () 2160 = 180
Wyburg Standard () 1963 = 163,5
Wyburg Standard () 1560 = 130
1 Petrograd Standard Deal = 1 () 6 ft 3 in 11 in
1 Hundred Deals = 120
1 Stack of wood = 108 ft3 = (fathom of wood) = (Petrograd Standard)
1 Chord of wood = 128 ft3 = 3,624 Steres
1 Fathom of wood = 216 ft3 = 1 Petrograd Standard
1 Load of unhewn timber = 40 ft3
1 Load of hewn timber = 50 ft3
16.3.2 16.3.3
Stere .
.
1 Stere = 35,314 ft3
3
1 Board superficial foot = 1 ft 1 in = 0,2759 Cords
1 Square = 100 oard feet = 0,1635 Fathoms
1 ille = 1000 oard feet = 423,77 Board ft
= 83,5 ft3 = 1 m3
= Petrograd 3,624 Steres = 1 Cord
Standard 0,028317 Steres = 1 ft3
222
- ) 100 m,
27 (ft3/LT)
(lignum vitae) 149 (ft3/LT) (poop) -
. .
- )
- (
50% ),
,
( .
)
). 1 m -
, .

. H , ,
-
: -
, -
Petrograd Standards =
.
(bale) f t 3 100
= . (156) 2) :
12
) -
16.3.2 .
.
H )
. -
.
..
, .
, -
. o -
.
. ) , ,
H
- 1/3
.
. -
)

,
.
,
16.3.3 - .
. ) ,

, , .. 3 m.
, ) -
: () ,
1) : ,
) - ,
(forecastle) 3 m.
7/100 . 3/4 in
223
- 8.6). H

.
Recommendation on intact
3) .
Stability for passenger and cargo ships under
..
100 metres in length as amended with respect
, -
to ships carrying deck cargoes IMO. O
-
Resolu-

tions and other decisions of IMO, eighth session,
(, ),
13 November 23 November 1973 .

-
70 m

-
. ,
16.3,
. -
. - -
- 8.7.
f
(Code for Safe Practice for Ships 16.3 f =
Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes). - = (2 )/, o
m
100 m : (79) .
) H -
( GZ) 1.
0,08 -
f = 0,8
40 f (
9 m. H -
40), f
Sallying experiment
,
T = 12 sec.
-
.
.
f = 0,8 B = 9 m -
) H
mm (.
0,25 m. 16.3). T = 12 sec
) -
.
. GM = 0,36 m.
,
o
. 4) , -
, ...
0,10 m. ( -
)
-
2.2 2.3 (. -
. 19.2). , .
( ) -
o , -
1 m
Sallying experiment (. .
224
f
(m)
1,5 (sec)
GMT(m)
1,4 2 20 20
f B
GMT =
1,3 T 19
1,10 1,2 18
m 17
1,05 1,1
16
1,00 1,0 15 15
0,9 14
13
0,90 0,8
12
0,7
11
0,80
0,6 (1) 10 10
M
9
0,5
0,70
(2)
8
0,4
7
0,60
0,3
5
0,50
0,2 4
: f = 0,8 B = 9 m T = 12 sec GM = 0,36 m
. 16.3
(GM) 70 m.
225
5) - 16.3.5
. .
O
-
. ,
: :
1) -
1) ,
, .
. 2) -
2)
.
, 3)

. , -
3) , .
, o 4) -
. , -
4) H , .
, . 5) -
5) o .
-
,
(. 19) / -
.
. H -
, - (block diagram) 16.3
( -
.
-
16.3.4 H ):
. 1)
, -
- , , -
.. , ,
.
- 2) -
. o , -
.
3) o VH -
, ( , .
) . (bale capacity),
-
, , . , o
. :
,
, = A h
:
- h
. .
226
7 9
8
-

-
;

1 3
5 6

- -
- E 10 11
, VH
- -
2 4 -
Wmax ;
,
- - Vmin ,Vmax ;
o - 12
, VD

-
_

15 .
-
13 Wmax 16
18
17
- .
Wmax > -
WH ; WH ; W
, WH
14

-
: _ 19
,
.
. 16.3
.
227
O 9) ,
.
. -
- Wmax, ,
WH , (-
. -
4) H - 5).
, 10)
.
: 11)
) . .
) . 12) , -
) ( , ,
). . H
-
-
- () .
VDmax VDmin O
. .
5) , 13) H 5.
14) Wmax WH.
( ) 15) Wmax > W, o .
Wmax
. o .
16) Wmax < WH, -
- ,
( ). -
:
Vmax = VH + VDmax
WH.
Vmin = VH + VDmin 17)
.
: Vmax Vmin o
18) , o
( -
-
) . -
WH.
Wmax Wmin
19) -
Vmax Vmin.
,
6) -
()
15.4
W, , -
. .
7) Wmax > W, WH.
Wmax, W.
2.
,
- -
, Wmax Wmin. 1,66 m3/MT.
8) , -
- o
, 6.4.1.
W. . -
228
12,8 m
15.4 : . :
Deadweight VH = 41453 m3.
(MT) ()
4: .
( )
44500 44061

5 1,66 = 8,3 m.
-
40800 40361

:
:
5.6. B 28,95
= 9,65 m
5.8. 3 3
5.9.1. -
, 6 m.
6.4.1.
6 m
6.4.3. 8,3 m. :
(. 10.3).
. 192 m VDmax = 4200 6 = 25200 m3
. 28,95 m VDmin = 4200 8,3 = 34860 m3
. 13,0 m
. 6m 5: .
:
. 4200 m2
. 12,80 m Vmax = VH + VDmax = 41453 + 34860 = 76313 m3
.
. 5 MT/m2 Vmin = VH + VDmin = 41453 + 25200 = 66653 m3
. 8 MT/m2
76313
H Wmax == 76313 == 45971
W 45971 MT
MT
max 1,66
1,66
. -
66653
Wmin == 66653 == 40152
W 40152 MT
MT
, - min 1,66
1,66
.
6:
. .
- ,
- 44061 .
, 7: Wmax > W, -
(. 16.3). 45971
1: . 44061 = 1910 .
:
2: .
Wmax ( -
3: .
) = 44061
5.6.1, o
41453 m3. Vmax = 44061 1,66 = 73141 m3
(
) VD =73141 41453 = 31688 m3.
:
41453

}
1
SF
= 8 MT / m2
=
1,66
= 24972
229
31688 8: .
= =
1,66 -
= 19089 (44061 ).
31688 9: -
= = 7,54 m .
4200
.
K B
= 10: .
-
7,54
= 13 + = 16,77 m 16.3.4 16.3.5 -
2
16.3.4
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B -
1/SF
(2) (3) = (4) (4)
m3 MT/m3
(m) (5) m (m) (7) m
1 3472 2091 169,41 354236 9,47 19801
2 5739 3457 153,00 528921 8,09 27967
3 6494 3912 132,19 517127 8,18 32000
4 7097 4276 109,19 466896 8,15 34849
5 5851 3525 87,31 307767 8,06 28411
6 7088 4270 65,31 278873 8,15 34800
7 5712 3441 43,49 149649 8,23 28319

31688 19089 102,0 1947078 16,77 320122
73141 0,602 44061 103,27 4550547 11,94 526269
16.3.5
, .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- -

1/SF B =
-
MT/m3 () (3) (4) - (3) (6)
(m) (m4)
(m) (m) m
(. 6.4.1) 0,602 44061 103,27 4550547 11,94 526869
(. 6.4.1) 0,92 150 12,29 1844 12,22 1833 7
(. 6.4.1) 0,86 50 11,58 579 12,08 604 8
(. 6.4.1) 0,86 59 21,86 1290 12,25 723 6
(. 6.4.1) 1,00 79 13,28 1049 8,96 708 13
1,025
101 72,65 7338 15,91 1607
Deadweight 44500 102,53 4562647 11,91 530137
12432 87,57 1088670 12,08 150179
56932 99,26 5651317 11,95 680316 36
361,025 GVMT = 11,99 11,951 = 0,039 m
GV = 11,95 + = 11,951 m HA = 12,41 m
56932
HF = 12,28 m
KMT = 11,99 m ( . 5.6.1) HCF = 12,17 m
230
6.4.2 6.4.3 -
. management .
:
,
HF = 12,28 m
.
= 12,41 m
GVMT = 0,039 m 16.4 .
- 16.4.1 .

. -

11: -
(deck loads), ,
.
( , -

..)
-
,
.

.
.

H -
-
-
(

).
. -
44061

-

.
. H

.
,
12: . H
. -
24972 . -
13: , o
. H -
19089 . (insured)
.
14:
Wmax> W . 16.4.2

15 : -
.
44061 ,
deadweight.
GVMT 0,039 m , n -
, :
, - 1) ,
. .
2) H
, .
(. . 19), 3) H ,
, .
. 4) H -

231
-. H .
, -
Heavy Lifts, 16.4.3 .
, . -
5) H
:
. 1) -
MT/m2 ( LT/ft2).
, 2)
, ( LT), -
, .
- .
,
-
o , . -
,
, - .
. -
-
.
- , , -

, 1,7 MT/m2 360 Ibf/ft2.
.
.
1 m, -
. ,
, - .
,
.
.
-

60 cuft/LT
.
.
, -
(8) :
,
. 60
SF = = 1,672 m3/MT.
35,88
, h
1,7 MT/m2,
45 . :
- 1
h = 1,7
: 1,672
1)
. h = 1,7 x 1,672 = 2,84 m.
2)
O.
3) British regulations, the mer- 16.5 .
chant shipping (load lines-deck cargo) regulation,
16.5.1 .
1968
4)
232
(claims). , 7%.
-
. 16.5.2.
(-
- ),
-
(hogging sagging , .
17), - -
. . H
, , ,
, - , ,
( ). ,
-
-
.
, . -
.
,
, ,
, M.O.T. Notice . 337 (stowage of
, steel, ores and other heavy cargoes in tween decks)
. - Weights in and on Deck National Cargo
Burean Inc, New York.
.
(finely ,
crushed ores) (810%) -
. H - , -
, - .
,
( ), - , -
,
. .
- ,
. 16.5.
,
- -, ,
.
,
. , - 16.5.2 IMO
, .
1) .
.
-
.O.T. (Ministry of Transport) Notice No 397 to -
Owners and Masters, carriage of Zink Concentrates ,
and similar Metallic Materials. . ,
, , ,
- .
,
,
233
16.5
.

O 3 3 3
m /MT ft /LT m /MT ft3/LT
1,114 40 0,752 27
0,557 20 0,418 15
0,696 25 0,613 22
1,672/1,811 60/65
0,445/0,501 16/18
1,114 40 0,725 27
0,501/0,557 18/20
0,613 22
0,613/0,696 22/25 0,473/0,501 17/18
0,446/0,473 16/17 0,334/0,390 12/14
0,557 20
0,473/0,501 17/18
0,334/0,473 12/17
0,334/0,391 12/14
0,501/0,557 18/20
0,390/0,557 14/20
0,334/0,390 12/14
.
:
.
) -
-
:
. ,
. -
.
) :
, 2) .
, , -
, - , -
. .
, -
- , ,
. , -
,
. -
) . .
, -
. , , ,
, - . -
-
: ,
. ,
. , -
234
) -
. .
- )
0,56 m3/MT (20 ft3/
LT), -
, .
. -
- 3) -
-
. 35.
, :

) H -
, -

-
.
) H - . ,
. H
:
- .
= [db (3L+B)/ (4,6)] (157)
,
: d (m), :
b (m), L ) H
(m) B -
(m). .
) ( ) -
) ,
( ) - .
)
: , .
}
) .
= )
m
= 1,89 d ( ) .
) , - 4) -
(149) -
20%. 35.
) ,
, -
10% . , -
O .
, : -
) , ,
- ,
.
) - .
, , .
.
) 5) .
. -
235
, - .
. , , ,
- -
( ), ,
, - .
( )
. .
- ) -
- .

. , - , -
.
, - ,
.
. .
6) 8) -
. .
) .
-

- .
. , (-
( ) - ),
.
, -
.
-
. 16.5.3 .
O O , -
. , -
, - /
. ,

) -
-
bulk carries.
. ,

.

-
-
-
,
, (-
, ).
. O

7) .
.
) o
. ,
O - ,
.
236
16.6 -
. 60F.
, o -
1) .
(crude oil) ,
- 60F.
. , , H -
, , , .. (ASTM-
- IP Petroleum Measurement tables).
o 16.6.3.
.
- 16.6.1
0,8 1,0. .
(petroleum

products) (

) Liquefied
Petroleum Gases (L.P.G.), , , 0,849 35 0,846 36
(-
0,853 34 0,846 36
). -
0,845 36 0,85 35
, , . 0,865 32 0,868 32
2) 0,860 33 0,904 25
.
16.6.2
(flash point) -
.

( 40F).

oF
, -
B 0,720 65 40

(American Petroleum Institute). H 0,790 48 140
- 0,835 38 170
: E
0,930 21 200
o 141,5
API= 131,5 (158)
0,960 16 230

H API -
60F. 16.6.3
16.6.1 .
, -
. -
60oF oF (+ )
3) - 0,600 0,649 0,00087
. 0,650 0,699 0,00076
16.6.2 - 0,700 0,749 0,00065
- 0,750 0,799 0,00056
. 0,800 0,849 0,00048
0,850 0,899 0,00043
4) . 0,900 0,949 0,00040
, 0,950 0,999 0,00038
237
1. ,
.
= 33,5
1500 . ) (viscosity).
60F 79F; -
(158) 60F:
. H
o 141,5 . -
API= 131,5
Poise (gr/cm-sec)
: Centipoise
1 0,01 Poise.
= 141,5 131,5
API + 131,5 ) (kinematic viscosity).
1 -
= 141,5 = 0,587 MT / m 3 stokes centistokes.
33,5 + 131,5
, -
1 m3
= 1500 = 1750,3m 3
0,857 MT .
16.6.3 - ) (vapor pressure).
0,00043 F. 75F
(. 15F 60F) : .
= 1750,3 [1 + 15 0,00043] = 1761,5 m3. -

.
2. 1)
H No 1 .
40F ( - , -
) 1723 m3 :
API 33 60F. - ) ,
;
.
33 0,860 MT/m3. O ) -
60F : ,
= 1723 [1 + (60 40) 0,00043] =
= 1737,8 m3 .
-
: , ore/oil
B = 1737,8 m3 0,86 MT/m3 = carriers ore/bulk/oil carriers.
= 1494,5 . ) ,
,
-
5) . .
) -
- .
- ) -
, - .
: )
) (fire point). , -
, -
- .
238
2) . ,
.
H
,
-

.
. -
:
, -
) ,
,

-
. -
.
16.6.
H
,
.
) ,
, - .
, -
, .
3) . .
-
- ,
, ,
, , , , -
: ,
) (cargo tanks), , -
. ,
) (ballast tanks), ,
COW (Crude Oil Washing)
- .
(ballast condition). -
) (slops), ,
.

Deep tank

5 4 3 2 1
A P F P

Deep tank

5 3 2 1

5 4 3 2 1

5 3 2 1

Deep tank

. 16.6
.
20
29 :
28
27
26
25
E:
17.1 .

- :
1)
:
. ) .
, - ) -

, .
. ) ,
-
-
,
.
,
2) -
.
:
-
)

, , -
.
.
-
) -
-
.
.
: 3) -
1) - :
) (slamming),
. -
2) ( ).
, ) .
. ) (-
3) , , ).
, -
.
- , , .
- .
. 17.1

, .
, , -
.
- ( -
),
,

.
240
) -
8 kp/mm2

.

-
.

8 kp/mm2,
. 17.1
,

. , ,
-
8 kp/mm2.
. -

17.2 . ,
. -
,
, -
17.3 -
( )

.
.
-
17.3 .
.
, , - 17.3.1 .
,
. 1) -
-

, ,
. .
- 2)
, .
- 3)
.
, , -
. - .
, 4)
, - -
, , , -
( - .
- ( ),
.
), - 5)
-
/ - (.. -
. )
, , ,
( .
241
6)
(.. ), 500 kp. -
. 6 m
7) , ,
, -
. V .
8) - V -

-
. . -
9) ,
. (
17.3.2 . ) , -
V (1000 500)
, = 500 kp 2000 kpm (

, , ).
V
. , . -

,

-
.
.
-

-
.
, (

) ,
, -
.
- ().
, -
. 17.3,
17.3
10 m, ( - .
) , -
1000 kp. ().
, ,

1000 kp
.
A
17.3

5m 5m 2400, 3000 540 kp
10 m , E . -
500 kp 500 kp .
A

6m V M = 2000 kp _ m .
5m 1m :
500 kp 500 kp
. 17.3 8 + 2400 3 + 3000 7 + 540 10 = 0
. = 4200 kp
242
: -

8 + 540 2 3000 1 2400 5 = 0 ,
= 1740 kp -
- . ,
4200 + 1740 = 5940 kp, . -
- ( -
2400 + 3000 + 54 = = 5940 kp. )
17.3.
, , -
, -
. -
. : ( )
V = 1740 kp .
V = 1740
2400 = 600 kp
V = 1740 2400 300 2400 kp 3000 kp 540 kp
3m 4m 3m
0 = 3660 kp
V = 1740 2400 3000 (1 )
+ 4200 = 540 kp A B
PA 8m 2m
P
, (2)
17.3.
-
1740 1740

540 540
. V (2 )
: (kp) _ 660 0
_ 660
= 0
= 1740 3 = 5220 kpm
M = 1740 7 2400 4 =
= 2580 kpm
M = 1740 8 2400 5 = 3000 1 =
= 1080 kpm
M = 1740 10 2400 7 = _ 3660 _ 3660
= 3000 3 + 4200 2 = 0 kpm
-
5220
(3)
17.3.
:
(+) 2580
3660 kp.

(kp _ m )
B 5220 kpm. - 7,71 m
0
- ()
(3 )

_ 1080
.
, . 17.3
. .
243
100 kp/m 2) .
2m
4m 7m 3m
B -
E (1)
160 kp/m 480 kp/m
.
A B
-
-
300 .
240
, ,
17.3
V
(2)
(kp) 0 0
6,4 m .

12,21 m
100 kp/m
768 160 kp/m. 60 kp/m
_ 460
.
B
480
-
( ),
60 kp/m 4 m = 240 kp.

(3)
(kp _ m ) 0 0 , 240 kp
10,32 m B.
_ 290
B
_ 450 (
_ 568 ). 1/2 240
kp 4 m = 480 kpm ( -
. 17.3 -
. ).
17.3.3 ,
.
17.3,
, 1) .

. ,
-
-
1) . :
) h -
B l.
l
. - h
, - [. 17.3()].
) ,
17.3. -
.
- ) -
. .
244
) , , ,
. -
) , [. 17.3()]. -
Hooke,
. , . -
: (
), .
. -
,
2) .
,
17.3()

17.3() , -

.
[. 17.3()].
,
-
( ).
-
[. 17.3()] .
-
-
(. 17.3). (-
,
. ,
, - F
F F
F

( )
F F F

' S

()
x
A' A
F F
() F F

' '

. .
h
. .

l
B' '
()
()
. 17.3
. . 17.3
) . ) . ) .
. ) . ) .
245
' '
), Hooke,
,
o
20 cm
n (. 17.3).
17.3
( )
.
20 cm

,
,
' '
(
), , . 17.3
, .
.

3) .
}
= 200 kp/cm2
, = 150 kp/cm2
= 100 kp/cm2
.
20 cm
15 cm
10 cm
5 cm
= 50 kp/cm2
}
, -
[. 17.3()] ,
[. 17.3()].
= 20 2 = 40 cm2 -

:
. 17.3
b 20 cm .
= =
h 2 cm
: h
b
h 20 cm
= =
b 2 cm
- ()

.

,
,
, - b h
f0,
()
.
.
Bernoulli -
, -
-
, . 17.3
. Hooke o .
, ) .
o - ) .
246
y .
:
= (159)
b
,
.
,
,
2 h/2
, , =
z 3
h/2
17.3.
, -
D

D
E. -
,
h/2
o ,
= 0, y = 0 = 0.
= 0 D = E
Z

.
, -
,
() (

. 17.3) :
1 h h 1 . 17.3
D = b = bh2 E .
2 2 2 8

F F

x x
B

B
M

M
1/6 h D S
D 1/6 h
S S
2/3 h 2/3 h E h
S
S E
1/6 h 1/6 h S
. 17.3
.
247
, - ), -
2
/3 h/2 . , . -
- :
D E 2/3 h.
M = m1 + m2 + m3 + .................. = (1y12 + 2 y 22 +
y

= 0 : M = m1 + m2 + m3 + .................. = (1y12 + 2 y 22 + 3 y 32 + ......) = J
y y
2 1 2 1
D h = M bh2 h = bh3 = 0
3 8 3 12 , , -

:
,
M J, -
= = (160)
1 3 Jx
bh
12 .
-
1/12 bh3 = Jx :
.
M = y J
,
: :

= y (161)
Jx = M y (163)
J
-
, O
, - , .
.
, -
,
y ,
y -
,
(. 17.3). y
e=

y = y
y

: = y (162)
f
-
, -
:
y
f = = y

f -
:
y
m = f y = y = y y2

m
( , o . 17.3
- .
248
, = M (166)
y , Z
: (164)
.
= M y (164)
J : J =Z (167)
y
-
y , - :
4
J , Z = J(cm )
- y(cm)
.

y -
cm4/cm =
, (164) V
cm3, (x -
(.. y
, . ) (- ).
). y (.. b
y , y h, J = bh3/12,
) :
(). bh3
bh2
(164) - Z = 12 = (168)
y h 6
( 2
), , 4) .
- -
. ,
, - ,
, , -
.
-
, -
. , -
H J - ,
- -
: .
() ()2 = cm2 cm2 = cm4 , ,
(. 17.3).
(164) -
, :
M(kp) (cm)
= (kp/cm2) = y(cm) (165)
J(cm4)

kp/cm2, -
(kp-cm), cm4
y cm.
, -
, ,
y .
J/y = Z, (165) - . 17.3
: .
249
-
( ) , :
Fl
. ( ), =
4
:
4M 4 252kp m
Z = (169) F= = = 504 kp
l 2m

. ( .
) -
M1 = 252 kp m
, Z
. - = 1400 kp/cm2 F1 = 504 kp.

2) :
, , ( ):
M bh2 6 cm 32 cm2
2 = = = 9 cm3
= (170) 6 6

- = M2 2 = 2 =
Z2
, Z. - = 1400 kp/cm2 19 cm3 =
( ): = 12600kp cm = 126kp m
= (171)
F1 = 504 kp
m
3c
.
6 cm
1.
,
3 cm 6 cm l = 2,00 m, = 1400 kp/cm2
F. - l = 2,00 m
= 1400 kp/
cm2,
. 17.3
:
1) 6 cm .
3 cm (. 17.3).
2) 3 cm
6 cm (. 17.3). F2 = 252 kp
1) : m
6c
3 cm
bh2 3cm 62 cm2

1 = = = 18 cm3
6 6
= M1 1 = 1 = = 1400 kp/cm2
Z1
= 1400 kp/cm2 18 cm3 = l = 2,00 m
= 25200 kp cm = 252 kp m
. 17.3
M1
= 252 kp m. - .
250
- :
: bh3 bh3
4M2 4 126 kp m J = Jy =
F2 = = = 252 kp 12 12
l 2m
:
,
F1. bh3 b2h
y = Z =
N 6 6
= 1400 kp/cm1, -
N = .
= 1400 kp/cm2 18 cm2= 25200 kp, ,
F1 -, , -
F2. :
-
- =

-
y,
.
y-y, y
: y
5) . =
y
-
17.3.4
. - .
, ,
, , 17.3.2
J Z.
.
. -
17.3 17.3,

y ,
- V ( )
. -
x x
h
, f -
.
, ,
b
- (. 17.3) -
y
Px ,

F.
Py F
x
h
h
f f f V
f f f f ff
ff f f f f f f f f f I I
b b f f f f f f f f ff f
f f f f ff
f f f
bh3 hb3 x
Jx = Jy =
12 12
A B
bh2 hb2
Zx = Zy =
6 6
. 17.3 . 17.3
. .
251
- .
,
, ,
. - .

,
, -
,
.
, -

o
,
.
- .
,
17.3.
(
, - ) :

. = VS (172)
Jb

-. - : V -
, S ,
- -

, 17.3.
=
=
F

I I

A B A B
l l

1 2 NI NII
l l
y
y
l l
A B
z
NI NII
l
y zT2
x zT1 = = yzT2x _ xzT1y
z

t1 = t2 = t
y
x zT1
. 17.3
x y zT2
.
252
-
() -
, b
J , -
( - .
). V -
J , ,
S/b. (10
S = 0, = 0. ) , -
,
. -

b - ( )
. .
-
:
bh3 , -
J=
12
, .
1 h b
2
h h
S = y b + y y 2 J S.
2 2 2 2 2
2.
V h
2
= y 2
2J 2

17.3, -
(. 17.3). 2 cm 4 cm. -
Q
460 kp.
1/2(h/2 + y)
:
y h/2 _y
h/2
3 3

J = bh 2 4 = 10,666 cm4
max 12 12
h
2
h b
: S =
2 2
b 2
h h bh 2 42
b = = = 4 cm3
2
4 8 8
. 17.3
. :
= 460 kp 4 cm3 = 86,25 kp/cm2 =

2 cm 10,666 cm4
y = 0 :
= 0,8625 kp/mm2
2
V h Vh2 3 V 3 V
= = = = =
2J 2 bh 3 2 bh 2 A
8
12 17.4 -
.
-
17.4.1 .
-
. ,
253
,

, . -

, -
()
.
hogging

,
, -
:
1) ,

.
2) - ()
: sagging
) ( ). . 17.4
)
(- Sagging Hogging.
hogging).
hogging -

-
. , :
) 1)
.
( sagging). 2)
sagging -

( ),
( ). .
hogging sag- 3) -
ging , 17.4 , (.. ,
, . ..)
(..
, )
- ( -
.
17.4() ).
-
17.4.2 .

.
hogging. -
17.4() .
-
- .
. -
sagging.
254
2 m .
( (173), (174) (175) :
).
, 0 = 0,4 W1 = 1,2 W1
, L/3 L
.
H A = 3 W1 20 1W1254 =
L 7L
- 3 762
= 2 13,447
68
(2) 762 54
. = 9,265 tn/m
7 682
1/3
-
F = 3 762 2 13,447
40% - 68
.
60% - (2) 7622 54 = 4,183 tn/m
7 68
.
:
W1 , 17.4.
WF -
, 762 tn 2 m
WA - .
, (
X1 W1,
( )
), -
0 ,
() ,
.
,
-
F ()

L .
-
:

0,4 W1 1,2 W1 762/68 = 11,206 MT/m,
0 = = (173)
L/3 L .
3 W1 X W 54 -
A = 20 1 12 (174) -
L 7L
3 W1 X W 54
F = 20 + 1 12 (175)
L 7L
1. 0

F
-
:
L/3 L/3 L/3
1) 68 m.
2) 762 tn. . 17.4
3) ( ) K .
255
.
- (hogging) (sagging)
.
. , (
o ) -
(
) Bonjean -
. 5.3
-
.

. ,
. - Bonjean, ,
,
: .
1) 17.4
. WL, 11
2) .
. Bonjean.
- Bonjean -
,
-
, 5. -
,
m2 ft2 -
.
tn/m ft :
17.4
: Tn/m = m2 1,025 (176)
1) 1
. /ft = Aft2 (177)
35
2)
m2 ft2
-
Bonjean m2 ft2 .
.
-
, m2 ft2 -

.
, -
(176) (177),
-
17.4.

Hogging Sagging, -
. 17.4 -
.
Bonjean
17.4.3 a. W L

-
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( ) . . 17.4

.
256
-
L L/20 (. 17.4). .
.
Bonjean ,
, . -
.
- . -
, ,

, - .
:
1) . 17.4.5 -
2) - .
. -
,
17.3.2.
-
Bonjean
17.4. -
.
17.4.4 .
, -
- -
. , ,

.
,
/ /
(. 17.3.2).

. -

, -
.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 , ,
. 17.4 .
.
2.
-
L = 140 m, B = 10 m
D = 4 m -
.
()

1400 MT -

,
.
()
2000 MT -
. 17.4 5
: ) Hogging ) Sagging. 20 m .
257

10 m, 5
(cofferdams) -
5 m . 1400/140 = 10 MT/m -
-
, , .
: . -
400/20 = 20 MT/m
= 1400 + 2000 = 3400 MT

17.4()
, - -
Bonjean - .
, -
( -
3400/140 = 24,285 MT/m. )
17.4() .
30 MT/m 14,285 /m
24,285 MT/m
10 /m
() 10m 20m 5m 20m 5m 20m 5m 20m 5m 20m 10m
+ 1 3 5 7 9 11 14,28 /m
2 4 6 8 10 5,7 /m
()

+142,85
+99,975
+57,10
+14,325 +
() 28,55 14,325 28,55
57,10
99,475
142,85

= +3766,45 -m

+
()
. 17.4
, , , .
258
- 17.4()
17.4.2 6
17.4.1 .
17.4() -
17.4()
1 11. .
6
17.4.1 , - .
, 17.4()
.
() - ,
17.4.1
.
1 2 3 4 = 2 3 5 6 = 4 5

(/m) () ()
1 10 +14,285 +142,85 0 +142,85
2 20 5,715 114,3 +142,85 +28,55
3 5 +14,285 +71,425 +28,55 +99,975
4 20 5,715 114,3 +99,975 14,325
5 5 +14,285 +71,425 +14,325 +57,100
6 20 5,715 114,3 +57,100 57,200
7 5 +14,285 +71,425 57,100 +14,325
8 20 5,715 114,3 +14,325 99,975
9 5 +14,285 +71,425 99,975 28,55
10 20 5,715 114,3 28,55 142,85
11 10 +14,285 +142,85 142,85 0
17.4.2
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 = 4 5
=
= 4+5
1 -
= [2 + 3] (MTm)
2 (m)
1 10 142,85 714,25 0 714,25
2 20 171,40 1714,08 714,25 2428,25
3 5 128,525 321,31 2428,25 2749,56
4 20 85,65 856,50 2749,56 3606,06
5 5 42,775 106,93 3606,06 3712,99
6 20 0 0 3712,99 3712,99
7 5 42,775 106,93 3712,99 3606,06
8 20 85,65 856,50 3606,06 2749,56
9 5 128,525 321,31 2749,56 2428,25
10 20 171,40 1714,00 2428,25 714,25
11 10 142,85 714,25 714,25 0
259

1.
() 4200/42 = 10 tn/ft. -
3.
420 ft.
4200 tn [. 17.4()].
, ,
.
70 ft - [. 17.4()].
-
,
100 ft. ( ),
35 tn/ft. - [.
17.4()].
40 tn/ft. , -
, , ( -
. )
- [. 17.4()].
35 tn/ft
40 tn/ft
10 t n/ft
()
75' 100' 70' 100' 75'
13,4 tn 13,4 tn
(+) +
(+) (+) ()
(_) (_) (_) (_) _
6,11 tn 6,11 tn
10 tn 10 tn
21,6 tn 21,6 tn
(_) (+) (+) +

()
_
(_)

+
()
_
(_)

= _77000 tn-ft
. 17.4
, , , .
260
77000 tn-ft , -
(
. 2 ) -
, (
- ) 0,196 m
(
, - .
).
,
4. ,
-
L = 100 m, B = 10 m .
D = 11 m. :
1500 MT = 1500 + 3500 = 6000 MT
-
-
, 6000/(10*100) = 6 m.
.
4500 MT - ,
3 Bonjean
, 20 m . , -
, ( ) ,
, .
10 m, 3
(cofferdams) 10 m 17.4.3
. 1
-
, ( -
-
-
- 10 ).
.
- 3 (+ -)
4
. ( )
- .
( ) -

17.4.3
. -
. (
)
L ( ) ( 17.4().
)
L/20. .
,
[. 17.4()]
100 m, 5 m 17.4.4
. [.
17.4()].
261
75 MT/m
90 MT/m
() 15 MT/m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 m 20 m 10 m 20 m 10 m 20 m 10 m
100 m

4 7
1 10 +
()
5 6
3 8
2 9
+520,015

+237,85

+204,36
+62,335
() +

82,335
204,36
237,85

520,015
()
. 17.4
, , , .
262
17.4.3
.
4 = 7 =
1 2 = L 1 3 = 2 5 = H + 0,196 5 = 6 5
30 2
3 3 6

- -
- -
( (m) (m) /m / m /
)
1 1,000 5,000 2,5 3,696 36,85 15 21,96
15 25,61
2 0,927 4,635 2,135 4,061 40,61
90 49,39
3 0,720 3,600 1,1 5,096 50,96 90 39,04
90 24,09
4 0,421 2,105 0,395 6,591 65,91
15 50,91
15 65,56
5 0,128 0,640 1,86 8,051 80,56
90 9,44
6 0,000 0,000 2,5 8,696 86,96 90 3,04
90 9,44
7 0,128 0,690 1,86 8,056 80,56
15 65,56
15 50,91
8 0,421 2,105 0,395 6,591 65,91
90 24,09
9 0,720 3,600 1,1 3,096 50,96 90 39,04
90 49,39
10 0,927 4,635 2,135 4,021 40,61
15 25,61
11 1,000 5,000 2,50 3,696 36,96 90 21,96
17.4.4
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 = 4 5

(m) ()
()
1 10 23,785 237,85 0 237,85
2 10 44,215 442,215 237,85 204,365
3 10 31,565 315,65 204,315 520,015
4 10 58,235 582,35 520,015 62,335
5 10 6,2335 62,335 62,335 0
6 10 6,2335 62,335 0 62,335
7 10 58,235 582,35 12,335 520,015
8 10 31,565 315,65 528,015 204,365
9 10 44,215 442,15 209,365 237,85
10 10 23,785 237,85 237,85 0
263
17.4.5
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 = 4 5
=

- 1 - =4+5
(m) [2 + 3]
2 (MTm)
1 10 237,85 1189,25 0 1189,25
2 10 +33,50 167,50 1189,25 1356,75
3 10 724,375 3621,8 1356,75 2265,05
4 10 457,68 2288,4 2265,05 4553,45
5 10 +62,335 311,67 4453,45 4241,78
6 10 62,335 311,67 4241,78 4553,45
7 10 +457,68 2288,4 4553,45 2265,05
8 10 +724,375 +3621,8 2265,05 1356,75
9 10 33,50 167,50 1356,75 1189,25
10 10 237,85 1189,25 1189,25 0

-
17.4.5
- () Hogging
17.4().
-

-
. ()
-
1 17.4.3
.
.
() Sagging

. 17.4
, bulk carrier.
() . -
.
-
hogging.
, -
, .

Bonjean. . -

, 17.4
bulk carrier. sagging.

264
17.5 . (
). -
- .

V 17.7 .
(163) (172)
. , -
, -
- (. .. -
,
. ,
).
.
(, ..),
.
, -

, .
. -
:
. 1)
.

2)
:

1) 30 ft.
.
2) 1070 ft4.
3) -
3) 16 ft
.
.

:
(
YK = y 14 ft ) , -

Y = y 16 ft Sagging,

77000 14 Hogging.
= = = =
2 1070
= 1007tn/ft2 = 7tn/in2 () 17.8
.
77000 16
= = = =
J 1070
= 1151tn/ft2 = 8tn/in2 ()

,
17.6 , -
. 18.5 -
.
-

. - .
()
, :
265
WL -
M= (178)
C -
: W - . Hogging Sagging
( ), L
, C ,
W . Hogging
.
, - , Sagging
- .

: Hogging Sagging,
-
L , -
M= (179)
C .
: L , -
. C .
,
Hogging -
Sagging. -
C 35. , ,
(179) :

CbL2BH .
M= (tn-ft) L, B, H -
352

1.025Cb L2BH .
M= (tn-m) L, B, H
. 35
17.10
Cb : Murray.
V
Cb =
LBH
,
: V m3 ft3, , .
L m ft, B 1) , MSW,
m ft H m ft. .
2) , MW, -
17.9
. (
) 0,607
-
(LWL)1/2.
-
. 1) MSW .
- :
American Bureau of Shipping, ) MA ( MTm)
Lloyds Register of Shipping Det Norske
Veritas . .
- ) MF ( MTm)

- .
() ) ( MT).
. ) LCBM LCB ( m) -
266

.
(MT) (m) (MTm)
) L ( m).
) Cb . 9500 27,00 256500
) C - 2932 86,00 252152
:

422 77,76 32814

C

121 86,28 10440
0,06 L 0,179 Cb + 0,063
0,05 L 0,189 Cb + 0,052 154 92,34 14220
0, 04 L 0,199 Cb + 0,041 No 1 2967 73,41 217807
0, 03 L 0,209 Cb + 0,030
No 2 4900 57,00 279300
MSW ( MTm) : No 3 5545 36,19 200673
MSW = (MA+ MF)/ 2 ( L C) / 2.
No 4 5962 13,19 78638
ogging Sagging. No 5 4988 8,69 43345
2) MW . No 6 5962 30,69 182973
:
) m. No 7 4783 52,51 251155
) b - 48236 MA+ MF = 1820017
:

T b Murray ogging
Cb
Hogging Sagging Sagging.
0,80 10,555 11,821 1) MSW .
0,78 10,238 11,505 :
0,76 9,943 11,188
0,74 9,647 10,850
V = 48236/1,025 = 47059 m3
0,72 9,329 10,513 :
0,70 9,014 10,175
0,68 8,716 9,858 Cb = (47059)/(192 32 10,5) =
0,66 8,402 9,541 = 0,73 / L = 0,054
0,64 8,106 9,204 C :
0,62 7,790 8,887
0,60 7,494 8,571 = 0,06 L C = 0,179 Cb + 0,063 = 0,193
= 0,05 L C = 0,189 Cb + 0,052 = 0,190
MW ( MTm) :
MW = b B L2,5 10-3. ,
= 0,054 L C = 0,191 :
MSW + MW.
MSW = (MA + MF)/2 ( L C)/2 =
. = (1820017/2) (48236 192 0,191)/2 =
= 910008 884455 = 25552 (MTm)
L = 192 m B = 32 m
H = 10,5 m - Hogging, -
: .
267
2) MW. -
b Cb, Cb =
0,73 b = 9,488 ( ogging) 10,681 -
( Sagging) :
,
MW = b B L2,5 10 -3 = 9,488 32 (192)2,5 , .
10 -3 = 163292 ( ogging)

MW = b B L2,5 10-3 = 10,681 32 (192)2,5
10 -3 = 183823 ( Sagging) .

MSW MW
-
:

Hogging= 163292 + 25552 = ( )
= 188844 MTm ,

Sagging= 183823 25552 = .
= 158271 MTm 17.12 () -

.
17.11 . .

-
( , capesize DEAD-
) WIGHT 156000 MT -
200000
. MT (Very Large Ore Carriers VLOC Very
- Large Bulk Carriers VLBC), -
165 166. -

J Z. .
-
- (.. ).
, ,
-
.

()

.
18.5 -
(-
) -
()

.
17.12
caper - ()
.
. 17.12
bulk carrier.
268
-

,
. 17.12

-
.
17.12
, -
.
. 17.12
bulk carrier.

17.12.
. 17.12
. 17.13 -
.
, - Murray
17.10
MSW
,
. MW (
),
1/20
( ).
- hog-
. ging sagging,
.
.
- (
, (.. - ) , -
.
-
), .
- (
- ) -
, -
:
. , D = 9 m.
,
I = 92,3 m4 ( -
, - ).
. 5 m
.
MSW MW
(strain gages), -
- 17.10.
. :
269
MSW = 25552 (MTm) 17.14

MW = 163292 (MTm) .
Hogging 183823 (MTm) Sagging 17.10,
1) : Myrray -
= = 9 5 = 4 m ,

= = 5 m MSW MW.
, MSW -

= = = (25552*4)/92,3 = .
J
-
= 1107,3 MT/ m2 = 0,1107 MT/ cm2 =
,
= 1,107 kg/mm2 (

= = = (25552*5)/92,3 = )
J
MSW.
= 1384,1 MT/ m2 = 0,1384 MT/ cm2 = , -
= 1,384 kg/ mm2

2) :
, -
(
.
17.10 Hogging
Sagging 188844 158271 (MTm) ,
. .
Hogging :
( )
ogging, -
= = = (188844*4)/92,3 =
J -
= 8183,9 MT/m2 = 0,818 MT/cm2 = .
,
= 8,18 kg/mm2 (
) Sag-
= = = (188884*5)/92,3 =
J ging, -
= 10229 MT/ m2 = 1,023 MT/cm2 = -
.
= 10,23 kg/mm2
,
Sagging
-
= = =(158271*4)/92,3 =
J -
= 6858,9MT/m2 = 0,686 MT/cm2 = 6,86 kg/mm2
.
= = = (158271*5)/92,3 =
J

= 0,8571MT/cm2 = 0,8571 MT/cm2 =
-
= 8,57 kg/mm2 .

.
-
7,39 (10,23/1,384) -
.
17.10 -
270
- :
:

(MT) (m) (MTm)
(MT) (m) (MTm)

9500 27,00 256500
9500 27,00 256500
2932 86,00 252152
2932 86,00 252152
422 77,76 32814

422 77,76 32814
121 86,28 10440

121 86,28 10440
154 92,34 14220
154 92,34 14220 No 1 1967 73,41 144397
No 1 2967 73,41 217807
No 2 4900 57,00 279300
No 2 4900 57,00 279300
No 3 6545 36,19 236863
No 3 5545 36,19 200673
No 4 5962 13,19 78638
No 4 5962 13,19 78638
No 5 5988 8,69 52036
No 5 4988 8,69 43345
No 6 5962 30,69 182973 No 6 5962 30,69 182973
No 7 4783 52,51 251155 No 7 3783 52,51 198645
48236 MA+ MF = 1820017 48236 MA+ MF = 1738978
:
() No 3 5 1000 MT
MSW = (MA + MF)/2 ( L C)/2 =
1 500
. = (1738978/2) (48236 192 0,191)/2 =
= 869489 884455 = 14966 (MTm)
-

. (
- 17.10) :
17.10
MW = b B L2,5 10 -3 =
10,23 kg/mm2
= 9,488 32 (192)2,5 10-3 =
Hogging.
= 163292 ( ogging)

ogging
. MW = b B L2,5 10 -3 =
: = 10,681 32 (192)2,5 10 -3 =
1) 1000 MT 1
= 183823 ( Sagging)
3,
2) 1000 7 MSW MW
5. :
271
Hogging = 163292 + 14966 = = 9147 MT/m2 = 0,9147 MT/cm2 =

= 178258 MTm = 0,914 kg/mm2
Sagging = 183823 14966 =
= 168858 MTm , -
Hogging - -
:
hogging 10,23 kg/mm2
9,66 kg/mm2 8,18 kg/ mm2
= = = (178258 4)/92,3 =
J 7,73kg/ mm2 .
= 7725,2MT/m2 = 0,773 MT/cm2 = 7,73kg/mm2
(
) , -
= = = (178258 5)/92,3 =
J hogging 5,6%.
= 9656,4 MT/m2 = 0,9656 MT/cm2 = sagging
(-
= 9,66kg/mm2 ogging)
Sagging:
-

= = = (168858 4)/92,3 =
J
= 7317,7MT/m2 = 0,732 MT/cm2 = 7,32kg/mm2 hogging,
sagging

= = =(168858 5)/92,3 = .
J
20
29
28
27
26
25

18.1 . -
(
- ), .
- 5)
, (shipping green water)
- .
. 6) -
-
: (. 18.2)
1) (bulkheads).
2)
- -
(web frames).
3)
(double bottom floors).
4) (brackets) -
(-
) ,
.

5) .

18.2 -
.
- . 18.2
, : .
1) , , -
,
(racking strains).
(. 18.2) -
-
,

( ).
2) -
, -
(panting).
3) -
,
(slam- . 18.2
ming pounding).
4) (fatigue) .
273
, 4)
( (low-cycle fatigue).
, , 5) ()
..), -
, -
. .
-
18.3 . ,
,

-
-
,
,
.
, -

.
, ,
18.4 . , -
, / -
(slamming) , -

, .

18.5 .
. -
. 17 -
-
, .
, , -
. -
. -
-
-
. , -

, , ,
, .
, -
,
/ - ,
.
.
: -
1)
. -
- -
. ,
2) - -
,
. , Bonjean -
3) - . -
.
274
- ) ,
-, , ( -
. ),
- ( )

, .
-
. 63 497.870 tm,
560.000 tm, -
(497.870
*100)/560.000 = 88,9% (
. - ).
, , 18.6 (. 276)
, -
.
, .
(
) -
, - -
(
. 18.6).
,
100% -
. :
, 1) (hogging)
- 63,5 89% -
. .
2) () -
18.6 - 27,935
container. 91,4%

18.6 - 100 % ,
container
.
, , -
19.7.
(. . -
) , .
, ,
( ,
- .
), - -
, management
,
. -
(. . .
275
18.6
container .
CONTAINER
(#) (t) (%) (tm) (%) (tm) (%) (t) (t) (tm) (tm) (tm) (tm)
14 2077 41,5 17462 34,9 65,9 2,5 5000 3500 50000 0 2600 2600
18 5874 73,4 69135 53,2 229,4 2,7 8000 5000 130000 0 8500 8500
23 7845 82,6 167343 64,4 420,9 2,8 9500 5300 260000 0 15200 15200
28 9314 91,3 289847 74,3 -964,3 4,9 10200 5500 390000 0 19500 19500
39 6490 66,9 360123 78,3 -4221,4 21,6 9700 5500 460000 0 19500 19500
51 3996 43,9 408503 81,7 8876,2 45,5 9100 5500 500000 0 19500 19500
55 3165 39,6 455053 83,5 8799,9 45,1 8000 5500 545000 0 19500 19500
59 1926 27,5 486159 86,8 8715,8 44,7 7000 5500 560000 0 19500 19500
63 523 8,1 497870 88,9 8631,9 44,3 6500 5500 560000 0 19500 19500
67 904 15,1 488972 88,1 8548,1 43,8 6500 6000 555000 0 19500 19500
71 2081 30,6 461179 84,6 6049,7 31,0 6500 6300 545000 0 19500 19500
75 3211 45,9 416587 78,6 3551,5 18,2 6500 7000 530000 0 19500 19500
81 3186 45,5 397800 76,5 1684,3 9,0 6500 7000 520000 0 18800 18800
89 2867 41,0 377695 75,5 587,0 3,4 6500 7000 500000 0 17400 17400
93 3831 54,7 324104 73,7 505,3 3,5 6500 7000 440000 0 14500 14500
98 4458 64,6 257461 69,6 422,4 3,1 6500 6900 370000 0 13700 13700
103 4633 67,6 185040 63,8 339,6 2,5 6000 6850 290000 0 13700 13700
108 4127 60,7 115001 57,5 256,9 1,9 5200 6800 200000 0 13700 13700
113 2868 46,3 58258 48,5 174,5 1,3 4200 6200 120000 0 13700 13700
118 1373 27,5 23234 33,2 92,2 0,7 3200 5000 70000 0 13700 13700
124 539 15,4 6600 22,0 0,5 0.0 2000 3500 30000 0 6600 6600

5417t ( 79.2%) # 104.065
9316t ( 91.4%) # 27.935
Hogging. 498140 tm (89.0%) # 63.500

91.4% # 27.935
39,0% # 63.900
()
276

WD BD Bend Shear Tors
0 00
8 998
6 00
99 Max bending moment
10000 0 00
5 00
0
0 0 00
40
Max shear force 0
0 00
0 500 30
50 5000 0
00
Shear force (T)
20
0
0 00
10

0 0 Min bending moment 0 0 0

00
Buoyancy disTors mom (tm)

0 50 100 150 0
(tm)
Weight & boui (t/m)

10
Bending moment (tm)
5000
(t/m)
00
0
00
2

0 00
Min
5000 00
0
she 3
0 500 ar f 0
5
orce
0 00
40
0
0 00
50
20
29
28
27
26
25

19.1 .
.
, (Part A) -
IMO Res MSC 267(85) - :
(mandatory
requirements) (recommended provi- 1 .
sions)
. -

IMO, / , -
( ) - ,
. -

- .
2 .
, -
, -
, , ,
, , ,
, , -
(containers). -
,
, , , -
, -
.
, ... -

: ,
, -
.
,
-
[Severe wind and
24 m
rolling criterion (weather criterion)].
.

.
(recommendations)
- 14.2 .
(guidelines). 19.2 -
- , , -
-
/ -
.
278
3 .
. -
-
.
, -
deadweight 5000 2.3 CONTAINER
, - 100 m.
,
. -
(Part B) .
:
2.4 .
1. 1 .

- , -
:

1.1 . .

2.5 .
,
,
, -
-
. .
1.2 . 2.6
.
-
- -
.
-
2. 2
.
.
- 3. 3 -
: .
2.1 .
,
- , -
, , ,
,
(Severe , -
wind and rolling criterion, weather criterion) ,
-
30 m.
.
2.2 .
4. 4 -

, , .
, -
0,9
279
2 (ANNEX 2).
,
- ,
. .

5. 5 , ,
.
-

-
. , -

6. 6 -,
. -
.

-
,
.
24 100 m -
. 19.2 E-
7. 7 .
. -

,
, , - .
, . 19.2:
1) T ,
8. 8 - ,
(LIGHT- (GZ) lw1.
SHIP). 2) (0)

,
lw1,

, -
1. 0
.
16 80%
, -
-
.
( ).
1 (ANNEX 1). 3) 1

- () -
. lw2
1 4) b
a.
, 19.2 :
, 0 = -
, - .
1 = -
. .
280
2 = ,
(down flood- .
ing) 50, . r = 0,73 + 0,6 G/d (183)
c = G = KG d
d m (monded), s -
- 19.2.4.
.
d = lw2 :
GZ -
(180) (181). 2CB (184)
T= (s)
GM
PAZ :
lw1 = (m) (180)
1000 g
C = 0,373 + 0,023 (B/d) 0,043(LwL/100). (185)
lw2 = 1,5 lw1 (m) (181) 19.2.1, 19.2.2, 19.2.3
: LwL =
: P 504 Pa, A = (moulded) (m), d = -
- (moulded) (m), CB = , k
=
(m2), - (m2). To GM (184)
,
.
(m), () g - .
9,81m/sec2.
1 (182) : ) /d 3,5, ) (KG/d1)
1 = 109 k 1 2 r s (deg rees) (182) 0,3 0,5, ) 20 sec.
-
: X1 19.2.1, X2 ,
19.2.2, k 1 .
: k = 1,0
, k = 0,7 - 19.3
k .
19.2.3
19.3.1
.
1) .
d GZ -
b

lw2 -
a lw1

0 2 c .
-
(2) , , .. -
50 c ( ) .

1
/ .
-
. 19.2 , .
(
. )
281
19.2.1 2) .
X1.
19.2.2 :
/d X1 ) .
2,4 1,0 X2. ) .
2,5 0,98 ) .
C X2
2,6 0,96 ) (capacity plan).
2,7 0,95 0,45 0,75 )
2,8 0,93 0,50 0,82 .
2,9 0,91 0,55 0,89 ) -
3,0 0,90 0,60 0,95 .
3,1 0,88 0,65 0,97 3) .
3,2 0,86 0,70 1,00 -
3,4 0,82 .
> 3,5 0,80
(
19.2.3 19.2.4 ).
k. s.
.
A k 100 T s
k 6 0,100
L WL B , 8
0 1,0 7 0,098 .
1,0 0,98 8 0,093
19.3.2 -
1,5 0,95 12 0,065 .
2,0 0,88 14 0,053

2,5 0,79 16 0,044 o
3,0 0,74 18 0,038 :
3,5 0,72 20 0,035
4,0 0,70 1. .
, 1.1 -
- .
.
,

,
. ,
, -
. .

, , -
. .

, -
.
, , - -
, - .
.
U. ,
282

, -

.

(186)
(187).
fs = l b3 t / 12 (mt) (186)

: l (m), b -
(m) t (t/m3). . 19.3
.
=
fs (1)+Mfs (2)+...+Mfs (x) .

=
(m) (187)
-

: fs (m-t)
19.3.
().
1.2 -
.
-
-

spring
, ,

. 19.3
,
.
(pocketing).
1.3 . 3. .

-
.
19.3 .
- -
, . ,
.
1.4 . -
.
-
. -
. , -
.
2. .
4. .

,
, - -
- 15 cm ,
283
.
4 6 m. ,
-
,
. , -
, (light ship).
GM -
. 5.2
(freeboard).
-
-
, -
( -
15 cm. )
-
19.3. ( ) .
- -

, U,
.

.

,
-
() .

-

, -

,
(hogging sagging)
.

5.3 .
. 19.3

.
,
5. . -

5.1 . .

, 19.3.
-
, .
-
( , W(x)
),
. ,(tan ), .
- W(x)/tan -
. , 19.3 -
, - .
284
19.3 - ,
, -
. .
19.3() 19.3()
,
tan
2/3

2
3
1/3
1
8 W(x)
1/3 4
7

2/3 6

. 19.3
.
tan tan

2
3 2
3
1
4 4 1
W(x) W(x)

7 7

6 6
() ()
tan tan
2

2
3
3
1
1
4
4
W(x) W(x)
7 7
5
5

6
6
() ()
. 19.3
.
285
- 19.4
.
.
.
19.3() 57,3
GM

.
GM
GZ
.
19.3()
-

1 5.

1 5. 0 15 30 45 60 75 90

19.4

(icing). . 19.4
GZ
6.2 6.3 ( ).
6 - :
1) .
, - 2) .
().
3) GM.

4) .
,
IMO
(. 6.2) -

(, ,
, -
, , ..)
-

/
, (, , -
. ..).
(. 6.3)
19.5 -

-
:
.
1) ( -
) 30 kg 19.5.1 .
.
2) 7,5 kg -
. MSC.1/Circ 1228
2007
-
, -
, , ,
( ),
-
- (swell).
,
, , GM -
. ,
286
1.
. 8 knots -
140.
- ,
, ,
. 10 sec.
- (period
- of encounter).
, -
19.5.
.
14,4 sec.

19.5.2 .
,
IMO -
.
- . -
-
- ,
.
.
-
-

-
-
, .

. 19.5.3
- .
,

-

:
:
1)
= 1,56 W2[m] W = 0,8 [s] (187)
.
2
3TW )
TE = [s] .
3TW + V cos()
(surf-riding and
, broaching to). -
m, w sec,
sec ( 135
period of encounter), V 225
(1.8L)/
( = 0 (180 ) knots.
= 180 )
).
- (riding a wave crest amidships). -
,
0,6 L
19.5. 2,3 L, L .
287
=0o 10o
360o 350o 20o
340o 30o
330o
40o
320o
50o
310o
60o
300o

70o
290o
80o
280o
[s] 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 90o
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
270o ()
W
100o
260o
110o
250o
120o
240o
130o
230o
5s
140o
220o
6s 150o
160 o
210o
32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 10 8 6 4 180o 170o 200o
190o

. 19.5
(period of encounter) , .
) 19.5.4 -
- .

1) (surfriding and
(. . 11.6).
broaching to).
)
,
-
-

135

225
. (1.8 L)/ (180 ) knots.
-
2) / -
.
, (pitching) - 19.5.
(heaving)
- 2) -
.
.
- 0,8L -
- L/20
. ,
288
/
- (76) (77) (184) (185).
19.5.
19.5, 19.5 19.5 2.
: 100 m
W = = s .
= = m
= (encounter) = s 10 sec.
= ( = 0 , =

90 ) =
,
V = =
-
TR = = s
.
L = = m
,
3) 180.
. 19.5 -
-
/ '
, 180.
( :
) -
V =1,8 3,0 L = 100 = 10
. L
-
19.5 18 30 knots.
0,8 0,8
1,0 1,0
1,2 1,2
1,4 1,4
1,6 1,6
V[] 1,8 1,8
L[m] 2,0 2,0
2,2 2,2
2,4 2,4
2,6 2,6
2,8 2,8
3,0 3,0

220 140

210 150

200 160
'

190 =180 170
. 19.5
.
289
19.5 :
V 23,75
' = =1,80.
Tw 13,2
180.
= 180 (
:
) V/Tw = 1,8
V/Tw = 1,3 2,0 = W = 10. 19.5 ,
13 20 , -
knots. .
- -
13 30 knots.
:
3. 1)
150 m, 7 m ,
15 m 23,75 knots, ,
. V/Tw = 1,3 V = 17,16 knots.
2) -
W = 13,2 sec. ,
',
0,80. V/Tw = 2,0 V = 26,4 knots.
3) -
(+ ) 20,

. C.
0,8 0,8
1,0 1,0
1,2 1,2
1,4 1,4
1,6 1,6
V[] 1,8 1,8
W[s] 2,0 2,0
2,2 2,2
2,4 2,4
2,6 2,6

2,8 2,8
3,0 3,0
'

220 140

210 150

200 160

190 =180 170
. 19.5
.
290
4. 5000
1 2002,
2 - -
10 27 ANNEX I MARPOL -
knots ; :
- 19.6.1 .
.
(185) : GM -

L
C = 0,373 + 0,023 0,043 WL = 0,15 m.
d 100
19.6.2 .
15 100
= 0,373 + 0,023 0,043 = 1) -
7 150
GZ 30o
= 0,373 + 0,0492 0,0287 = 0,3935 0,055
0,09 -
(184) :
40o
B (15)
T = 2C = 2 (0,3935) =
GM 0,8 ( ).
11,80 2) -
= = 13,2 sec GZ 30o -
0,8944
40o
(
( )
) - 0,03 .
3) GZ
. 0,20 m 30o
- .
13,2 sec, - 4) -
13,2
13,2 2 = 6,6 sec. 30o 25o.
19.5
5) GM
13,2 6,6 sec -
-

0,15 m.
10 knots (
). 19.6.3 con-
tainers.
14 sec ( ) 9 sec ( ).
, (187) = 1,56 2W container
100 m
306 126 m .
. (
recommendation 2.3
, 306 192 m. )
:
1) -
GZ 30o
19.6 -
. 0,009/C
0,016/C
deadweight - 40o
291
-
h b
( ).
2) - b
B/4
GZ 30o -
40o D D'
( d KG
d/2
)
0,006/C . Bm
3) GZ B
0,033/C m BD
30o .
4) GZ - lH
0,042/C . lH lH
5)
GZ L/4 L/4
,
0,029/C - L
. . 19.6
C - C.
(188)
2
dD d CB 100 -
C= (188)
B2m KG C W L -
.
d (m) D -
(189) - ,
19.6. -
2b BD 2lH , SOLAS.
D = D + h (189) -
BD L

D (m), BD
(m), KG ( . -
d), CB , CW -
, lH - .
, b , h -
, L , -
(m), (m) m .
-
.
(m).

19.7 K SOLAS
container. -
container 10.000 TEU
1) container . ( 10.000 /
20 ).
()
/ :
containers -
- ,
,
, -
292
(. 15). ) .
, - contain-
ers 19.7.2
.
- .
19.7.2
7.228 containers 19.7.1
14 : :
9199,7
4 6 . 2036,1 .
- ballast ( )
- 640 6044,2 (-
, . -
) . KG).
contain- ,
ers 19.7.1 .
19.7 -
. -
19.7 -
(9199,7 ) -
ballast (640 ). .
19.7
( -
- ,
). -
,
(
) SOLAS.
, , -
2) GM container
LCB, LCF, MTC, TPC, KMT, KG,
.
GM .. .

- -
. GM
10, , .
19.7 -
(GZ) KN .
KG , -
- GM (
) :
. )
ballast .
) -
containers -
. ' ,
- ,
containers -
,
SOLAS. .
293
19.7.1
()
. 398
O (14 7228 U)
containers .C.G. V.C.G.

(t) (m) (m) (m) (tm)
9199,7 6,327 0,875 10.874 5731
Containers
NO. 1 68 U 952.0 125.007 0.000 30.004 0
NO. 3 84 U 1176.0 118.293 0.000 29.184 0
NO. 5 144 U 2016.0 110.638 0.000 27.058 0
NO. 7 168 U 2352.0 104.051 0.000 26.285 0
NO. 9 203 U 2842.0 96.126 0.000 26.837 0
NO. 11 215 U 3010.0 89.564 0.000 26.006 0
NO. 13 231 U 3234.0 81.600 0.000 25.107 0
NO. 15 239 U 3346.0 75.086 0.000 24.659 0
NO. 17 247 U 3458.0 67.087 0.000 24.157 0
NO. 19 253 U 3542.0 60.596 0.000 23.785 0
NO. 21 257 U 3598.0 52.580 0.000 23.547 0
NO. 23 261 U 3654.0 46.101 0.000 23.277 0
NO. 25 261 U 3654.0 38.077 0.000 23.277 0
NO. 27 261 U 3654.0 31.600 0.000 23.277 0
NO. 29 265 U 3710.0 11.386 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 31 265 U 3710.0 4.914 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 33 265 U 3710.0 3.115 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 35 265 U 3710.0 9.586 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 37 265 U 3710.0 17.615 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 39 265 U 3710.0 24.086 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 41 265 U 3710.0 32.116 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 43 265 U 3710.0 38.587 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 45 265 U 3710.0 46.616 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 47 265 U 3710.0 53.087 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 49 259 U 3626.0 61.113 0.000 23.431 0
NO. 51 259 U 3626.0 67.592 0.000 23.431 0
NO. 53 110 U 1540.0 75.404 0.000 33.212 0
NO. 55 150 U 2100.0 93.685 0.252 28.351 0
NO. 57 150 U 2100.0 100.315 0.252 28.351 0
NO. 59 178 U 2492.0 108.224 0.000 26.916 0
NO. 61 176 U 2464.0 114.779 0.000 27.066 0
NO. 63 168 U 2352.0 122.712 0.000 27.673 0
NO. 65 160 U 2240.0 129.301 0.000 28.341 0
NO. 67 38 U 532.0 137.322 0.000 27.480 0
NO. 69 38 U 532.0 143.456 0.000 27.480 0
7228 U 101192.0 1.989 0.010 24.607 0
NO. 4 S.W.B.T. (P) 11.0 170.0 5.700 22.868 5.574 48
NO. 4 S.W.B.T. (S) 30.4 470.0 5.950 22.885 7.094 50
NO. 6 S.W.B.T. (P) 0.0 0.0 58.307 22.639 12.027 229
NO. 6 S.W.B.T. (S) 0.0 0.0 58.307 22.639 12.027 229
Ballast 640.0 5.884 10.732 6.691 555
Deadwight 111031.7 2.303 0.020 23.366 6286
31814.0 15.692 0.075 15.835
142845.7 5.285 0.001 21.689 6286
14.52 m 22.69 m
0.40 m G 21.69 m
14.30 m GM 1.00 m
14.70m . GGo 0.04 m
14.50 m GoM 0.96 m
L.C.B. 5.30 m 150.2 %
L.C.F. 15.28 m .C.G. 0.00 m
M.T.C. 2260.49 tm 0.0
T.P.C. 121.92 t/cm 123.0 m 500.0 m (OK)
294
1)
GZ
() 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
GZ (m) 0.000 0.086 0.191 0.330 0.511 0.743 0.824 0.351 0.912 2.522 4.238
(mrad) 0.000 0.004 0.016 0.038 0.074 0.129 0.198 0.316 0.275 0.022 0.611
GZ(m)

0,5

LV2
GZ
30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

2) Res MSC 267(85) PARTA 2.2

-

30 0.198 0.055 mrad OK
40 f ( ) 0.256 0.090 mrad OK
30 40 f ( ) 0.057 0.030 mrad OK
GoZ 30 0.825 0.200 m OK
GoZ 30.636 25.000 deg OK
GoM ( ) 0.958 0.150 m OK
GoM ( SOLAS) 0.958 0.800 m OK
3) (2008 IS CODE PART A, Ch. 2.3)
(mrad) A = 0.555 < B = 0.211 OK
THETA 0 3.15 deg < 13.37 (: 16

80% )
THETA 1 16.98 deg -
7203.4 m2
THETA 2 34.05 deg ( C 50 )
20.841 m
THETA C 42.56 deg lw1 0.054
THETA F 34.05 deg lw2 0.081
31.62 sec
. 19.7
SOLAS container ( ).
295
19.7.2
().
. 398
O (14 7228 U)
containers .C.G. V.C.G.

(t) (m) (m) (m) (tm)
2036.1 50.574 0,512 12.914 9144
Containers
NO. 1 68 U 952.0 125.007 0.000 30.004 0
NO. 3 84 U 1176.0 118.293 0.000 29.184 0
NO. 5 144 U 2016.0 110.638 0.000 27.058 0
NO. 7 168 U 2352.0 104.051 0.000 26.285 0
NO. 9 203 U 2842.0 96.126 0.000 26.837 0
NO. 11 215 U 3010.0 89.564 0.000 26.006 0
NO. 13 231 U 3234.0 81.600 0.000 25.107 0
NO. 15 239 U 3346.0 75.086 0.000 24.659 0
NO. 17 247 U 3458.0 67.087 0.000 24.157 0
NO. 19 253 U 3542.0 60.596 0.000 23.785 0
NO. 21 257 U 3598.0 52.580 0.000 23.547 0
NO. 23 261 U 3654.0 46.101 0.000 23.277 0
NO. 25 261 U 3654.0 38.077 0.000 23.277 0
NO. 27 261 U 3654.0 31.600 0.000 23.277 0
NO. 29 265 U 3710.0 11.386 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 31 265 U 3710.0 4.914 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 33 265 U 3710.0 3.115 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 35 265 U 3710.0 9.586 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 37 265 U 3710.0 17.615 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 39 265 U 3710.0 24.086 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 41 265 U 3710.0 32.116 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 43 265 U 3710.0 38.587 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 45 265 U 3710.0 46.616 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 47 265 U 3710.0 53.087 0.000 22.995 0
NO. 49 259 U 3626.0 61.113 0.000 23.431 0
NO. 51 259 U 3626.0 67.592 0.000 23.431 0
NO. 53 110 U 1540.0 75.404 0.000 33.212 0
NO. 55 150 U 2100.0 93.685 0.252 28.351 0
NO. 57 150 U 2100.0 100.315 0.252 28.351 0
NO. 59 178 U 2492.0 108.224 0.000 26.916 0
NO. 61 176 U 2464.0 114.779 0.000 27.066 0
NO. 63 168 U 2352.0 122.712 0.000 27.673 0
NO. 65 160 U 2240.0 129.301 0.000 28.341 0
NO. 67 38 U 532.0 137.322 0.000 27.480 0
NO. 69 38 U 532.0 143.456 0.000 27.480 0
7228 U 101192.0 1.989 0.010 24.607 0
NO. 4 S.W.B.T. (P) 100.0 1547.2 6.103 22.896 12.496 0
NO. 4 S.W.B.T. (S) 100.0 1547.2 6.103 22.896 12.496 0
NO. 6 S.W.B.T. (P) 25.0 289.8 59.457 21.855 6.189 229
NO. 6 S.W.B.T. (S) 60.00 695.4 58.562 22.464 8.779 229
NO. 5 S.W.B.T. (P) 100.0 982.3 30.150 22.900 11.914 0
NO. 5 S.W.B.T. (S) 100.0 982.3 30.150 22.900 11.914 0
Ballast 6044.2 16.263 1.535 11.577 457

Deadwight 111031.7 2.303 0.020 23.366 6286
31814.0 15.692 0.075 15.835
142845.7 5.285 0.001 21.689 6286
14.38 m 22.79 m
1.19 m G 21.90 m
13.71 m GM 0.89 m
14.91 m . GGo 0.05 m
14.31 m GoM 0.84 m
L.C.B. 6.45 m 152.2 %
L.C.F. 16.31 m .C.G. 0.00
M.T.C. 2266.34 tm 0.1
T.P.C. 121.99 t/cm 123.0 m 500.0 m (OK)
296
1) GZ
GZ
() 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
GZ (m) 0.001 0.075 0.170 0.296 0.461 0.679 0.756 0.268 1.021 2.659 4.400
(mrad) 0.000 0.003 0.014 0.034 0.066 0.116 0.180 0.285 0.227 0.092 0.707
GZ(m)

0,5

LV2
GZ
30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 60

2) Res MSC 267(85) PARTA 2.2

-

30 0.180 0.055 mrad OK
40 f ( ) 0.245 0.090 mrad OK
30 40 f ( ) j 0.065 0.030 mrad OK
GoZ 30 0.756 0.200 m OK
GoZ 30.424 25.000 deg OK
GoM ( ) 0.840 0.150 m OK
GoM ( SOLAS ) 0.840 0.810 m OK
3) ( )
(mrad) A = 0.050 < B = 0.198 OK
THETA 0 3.61 deg < 12.91 deg ( : 16

80% )
THETA 1 16.92 deg -
7256.2 m2
THETA 2 35.11 deg ( C 50 )
20.826 m
THETA C 41.76 deg lw1 0.055
THETA F 35.11 deg lw2 0.083
33.82 sec
. 19.7
SOLAS container ( ).
297
- .
-
, . 4) con-
tainer .
3) container. .
, ,
containers (. 291)
. .

ballast, ( ) -
( 19.7 19.7 -
) .
- (180) (181) -
. P = 504, = 7203,4 (m2),
, Z = 20.841 (m) -
. = 142845,7 g = 9,81 m/
- sec2, Iw1 = 0,054 Iw2 = 0,081 [

, 19.7 19.7
-
. () ,

container ].
. 19.7
.
20
29
28
27
26

25
,
,
(, , , , ,
..) , -
, .
. -
,
/ 1 10 .
cm. - -
.
. -
'
: ,
.
1) .
4) .
m cm ( ,
mm) -
, , .
-
, .
.
,

. . ,
. -
.
(sounding), - , -
-
, . ,
( ,
(. . 2.2) -
, (ullage). ),
(engineering control station)
2)
, .
.

, -
. ,
, , , -

-
' . , ,
, -
3) ( Whessoe).
,
, .
20
29
28
27
26
25

, . -
.
1) .
1960
.
1960 -
, SI (Systeme International),
.
1965
.
, .
SI :

m
kg
s
A
Kelvin
cd
. :

kg m
newton W=
s2
, joule j=Nm
j
watt W=
s
2) .
-
.
) .

m ft
(metric Nm) (british Nm)
m 1 3,28084 5,39957 10-4 5,39612 10-4
ft 0,3048 1 1,64579 10-4 1,64474 10-4
metric Nm 1852 6076,12 1 0,999361
british Nm 1853,184 6080 1,00064 1
300
6076,12 ft, ft 0,3048 m.

) .

m/s km/h ft/sec
(metric kn) (british kn)
m/s 1 3,6 3,28084 1,94384 1,9426
km/h 0,277778 1 0,911344 0,539957 0,539612
ft/sec 0,3048 1,09728 1 0,592484 0,592105
metric kn 0,514444 1,852 1,68781 1 0,999361
british kn 0,514773 1,853184 1,68889 1,00064 1
km/h 0,911344 ft/sec, 1 metric kn 1,852 km/h.

) .

watt (W) kilowatt (kW)
(metric HP) (british HP)
W 1 10-3 1,35962 10-3 1,34102 10-3
kW 1000 1 1,35962 1,34102
metric HP 735,499 0,735499 1 0,986320
british HP 745,700 0,745700 1,01387 1
0,735499 kW, 1 kW 1,34102 british

HP.
.
H PS CV.

SI

newton kilonewton kilopond
long
(N) (kN) (kp)
() (lbf) (LT)
N 1 0,001 0,1019716 1,019716 10-4 0,224809 1,00361 10-4

SI
kN 1000 1 101,9716 0,1019716 224,809 0,100361
kp 9,80665 9,80665 10-3 1 10-3 2,20462 9,84207 10-4

9806,65 9,80665 1000 1 2204,62 0,984207
lcf 4,44822 4,44822 10-3 0,45359237 0,453592 10-3 1 4,46429 10-4

LT 9964,02 9,96402 1016,05 1,01605 2240 1
LT 1016,05 kp 1 kp 9,80665 10-3 kN.

20
29
28
27
26
25

S.F. S.F.
m3/MT ft3/LT m3/MT ft3/LT
1,06/1,12 38/40 1,04 37
1,01/1,06 36/38 1,61/1,75 58/63
1,20/1,33 43/48 0,98 35
0,5w 19/20 1,20/1,26 43/45
1,02/1,33 37/48 1,39 50
1,67/1,81 60/65
1,67 60
0,91/1,00 33/36
4,18 50
2,64/2,78 95/100
1,39/1,53 50/55
1,09 39
2,36/2,64 85/95
2,23/2,78 80/100
3,20/3,34 115/120
1,89/2,01 68/72
3,62/3,76 130/135 1,67/1,74 60/62
1,26/1,43 45/51 2,23/2,37 80/85
1,39/1,45 50/52 1,67 60
2,56/2,78 92/100 1,50 54
1,45/1,50 52/54 () 1,95/2,78 70/100
2,12 76 1,06 38
0,73/0,90 26/32 1,73/1,81 62/65
() 3,06/3,20 110/115 1,81/1,87 65/67
1,81/1,87 65/17 2,56/2,92 92/106
2,56/2,92 92/105 0,56 20
1,39/1,45 50/52 0,22/0,28 8/10
5,66 200 2,92/3,34 105/120
1,12/1,39 40/50 1,62/2,23 60/80
1,29/1,34 46/48
1,05/1,18 38/42
1,12/1,26 40/45
1,67/1,78 60/64
1,89/2,01 68/72
2,23/2,50 80/90
1,12 40
3,62 130
2,78/3,06 100/110
2,78/4,18 100/150 0,42/0,56 15/20
1,18/1,33 42/48 0,34/0,50 12/18
3,06/3,34 110/120 0,47/0,50 17/18
2,37/2,64 85/95 , 2,23/2,78 80/100
2,50/2,64 90/95 2,36/2,64 85/95
1,34/1,47 48/53 1,12/1,53 40/65
()
302

S.F. S.F.
m3/MT ft3/LT m3/MT ft3/LT
0,25/0,31 9/11 1,67 60
3,62/3,90 130/140 1,06/1,09 38/39
1,73/1,84 62/66 1,39/1,95 50/70
1,29/1,39 46/50 2,43 87
1,95/2,09 40/75 2,50/2,78 90/100
1,95/2,04 70/75 1,26/1,39 45/50
1,39 50 0,50/0,56 18/20
0,34 12
0,70/0,98 25/35
1,67 60
2.23 80 2,23/2,78 80/100
1,19/1,27 43/46 1,12/1,67 40/60
0,91/1,00 33/36 4,18 150
diesel 1,09/1,15 39/41 2,23/2,78 80/100
1,01/1,09 36/39 1,07/1,14 38/41
1,39 50 1,39/1,95 50/70
2,78/3,06 100/110 1,33 48
2,56/2,92 92/105 6,12 220
2,09/2,23 75/80 1,06 38
0,70/0,84 25/30 1,39/1,45 50/52
1,26/1,67 45/60 1,67 60
1,39/1,45 50/52 2,56/2,92 92/105
2,56/2,92 92/105 2,56/2,92 92/105
1,53/1,67 55/60 0,92/0,98 33/35
1,26/1,39 45/50 4,46 160
1,39 50 0,28/0,34 10/12
3,34/4,46 120/160 2,37/2,5 85/90
0,67/0,78 24/28 1,53/2,50 55/90
1,39 50 0,22/0,33 8/12
1,32 47 1,12 40
1,39/1,81 50/65 1,12/1,26 40/45
1,20/1,67 43/60 0,5/0,56 18/20
2,64 95 1,73/1,81 62/65
20
29
28
27
26
25

- S.F.

3 3
ft /LT m /MT
28 27 1/10"
49 5/8" 8%
8%
36 40 17 0,472 1 /2" 10"
45 17 0,472 50% , 30% ,
20% , 10-12%
30 17 0,472
28 17 0,472 6"
33 43 20 0,556 3'
37 14,9 0,414 63% , 20% , 15%
N. 42 11,4 0,317 80% , 10% , 10% -
, 0,5 1%
N. 42 12,8 0,356 85% , 10% , 5% ,
0,5 1%
37 19,8 0,55 40% , 30% , 30% -
, 310%
37 15,6 0,433 40% , 30% , 30% -
, 8 10%
37 17,5 0,486 40% , 30% , 30% -
, 215%
37 19,8 0,550 60% , 20% , 20%
34 14,0 72% 1 /4"

33 18,0

3050 0,66
0,60
3050 0,5
0,8
3050 0,58
0,50
3050 0,3
0,4
3050 0,4
K 0,35
3050 0,3 - 0,4
O
3050 0,48
P 0,35
4045 14,0 0,4
38 0,4 < 4 mm
()
304

S.F.

3 3
ft /LT m /MT
44 14,0 0,389 40% , 30% ,
Puerto Ordaz 30% , 78%
38 15,8 0,439 40% , 30% , 30% ,
3 - 5%
38 13,5 0,375
Paula 12,5 12,4 0,347
0,344
- 3540 11,2 0,311 70% , 15% , 10% ,
2%
3540 14,2 0,394 80% , 10% , 10% ,
1 2%
38 18,8 0,522 55% , 25% , 20%
35 2,0 2,3 250350 mm 1%
150250 mm 20%
75150 mm 21%
5075 mm 16%
2550 mm 16%
1225 mm 12%
612 mm 3%
06 mm 11%
4045 14,0 0,391 1" 80%, 20%,
Long Beach ,
40 12-13 0,334 , 1%8%, ,
Pittsburg -0,363
35 12-13 0,334 - 8" 60%, 40%,
Stocton 0,363 18%, ,
38 13,8 0,370 35% , 35% , 75% ,
1618%,
3845 12,7 0,347
36 10,6 0,295 50% , 25% , 25% ,
Narvic 34%
45 10,7 0,297 50% , 25% , 2 5% ,
Narvic 34%
38 11,1 0,309 40% , 30% 30% ,
Cruz Grande 1%
38 13,8 0,384 40% , 30% 30% ,
Valparaiso 35%
(- 40 14,0 0,391 75% 25% . -
) ,
35 23,0 0,639

33 14,0 0,390 1 /4"
40 14,5 0,403 5"10"
:
35, ,
.
20
29
28
27
26
25

- S.F.

ft3/LT m3/MT
45 33,0 0,92 , , , 3%

- 30 33,038,0 0,9761,059 , , ,
0,02%
35 43,045,0 1,198-1,124 , ,
35 37,0 1,032 , , ,
3%
35 45,0 1,254 100% , ,
01%
35-40 45,0 1,254 , ,
35 30,0 0,836 1", ,
,
38-40 16,618,0 0,4630,501 90% , 10% ,
, ,
()
40 12,015,0 0,33460,4183 80% , 10"20% ,
, ,
N. 22,0
30 46 1,282 , ,

28,5
45
32 4145
>35 38,0

28 37,0 1,032 , ,
1/2-1%
32 33,035,0 0,9200,976 , ,
, 0,04-0,05%
32 33,035 0,9200,976 , ,
, 0,04-0,05%
35-40 28,029,0 0,7810,809 75% 1"-8", 25% ,
, ,
, 90% , 10% 1" -

35 28,031,0 0,7810,865 8" , 80% - 20%, -

10", , 0-1%
()
306

- S.F.

3
ft /LT 3
m /MT
45,038,0 ,
38 1,3 <10 mm
3045 0,990,79 0100200 mm
3040 1,020,95 2550100 mm
B 3045 1,251,05 0300 mm
B 3045 1,431,25
D 3045 1,21,41 01325 mm
D 3045 1,041,02
DK 3045 1,251,4 50100 mm
DK 3045 1,251,17 1350 mm
K 3040 1,11,03 020 mm
T 3045 1,010,86 0300 mm
T 3045 1,11,0
T 3045 1,051,1
T 3045 0,94
T 3045 1,160,92 50125 mm
T 3045 1,21,05 50125 mm
- 1,171
2535 42,048,0 , ,
1,339
1,282 6", 1 5%,
3035 46,055,0
1,533 ,
3" 5", ,
37 105,0 2,93
,
1,339 3" 8", ,
40 48,060,0
1,673 ,
30 50,055,0 1,394 90% 1/2" 1", 10% -
1,533 , , ,
0,2%
35 48,060,0 1,339 40% , 60% ,
1,673 , 15%
35 45,0 1,254 35% 3", 65% ,
, , 1%
35 50,055,0 1,394 80% 20%
1,533 4", , , 510%
33 48,0 1,339 25% 1"75%,
, , ,

42 55,059,0 1,533- 60% 1"3"
1,645 40% , , , -
45%
()
307
-
S.F.

3 3
ft /LT m /MT
. Glomfjord 34 1,0 14,5 mm
12,5-5,5-15
C. NPK Glomfjord 34 1,0 14,5 mm
14,5-4,7,11,7
Heroya 34 0,95 14,5 mm
14-4-17
Heroya 34 1,0 14,5 mm
16-5-12
Heroya 35 1,0 14,5 mm
20-9-0
50 37,0 1,032 ,
() , , 1%
45 18,0 0,302
5862% . H
0,2 my/m3

22 60,0 1,673 , , ,

25 50,0 1,394 , 0,02%

40 45,0 1,254 , ,

(Dense)
30 48,0 1,339 100% , , ,

60%
3035 36,046,0 1,003 , , ,
1,115 67%
35 35,037,0 0,976 , ,
1,032 ,
32 31 0,861 , , ,
12%
4547 38,040,0 1,059 85% , 15% , -
(Muriate of) 1,115 ,
~45 0,22
20% 0300 mm, 0100 mm, 050 mm,
025 mm, 06 mm.
~45 0,3
20% 0300 mm, 0100 mm, 050 mm,
025 mm, 06 mm
9,0
()
308
-
S.F.

3
ft /LT m3/MT
- 0300 mm, 0100
~45 0,22 20%
mm, 050 mm, 025 mm, 06 mm
20 60,065,0 1,673 , , 3%
1,812
32-35 65,0 1,812 , 1/8",
24" 3", , ,
46%
32 60,0 1,673 , , -
58%
0,74

12 23,0 0,6414 , , ,

40 24,0 0,669 , , ,

~ 60 ~24,0
24 28,0 0,78 > 40% 12% 405 mm 68% <

5 mm 20%
31-34 20,028,0 0,725
40,045,0 0,78
35 34,0 0,948 , , , 27%

45 8,9-11,6 0,248 1/8"1"
0,323 75%, 15% -
, ,
.
35, ,
.
20
29
28
27
26
25

-
- -
S.F. -

- -

ft3/LT m3/MT

30 8,1 1 /8"
,

- 38 11% 711% 16,25 0,46

9%
Bleikvassli ~41 9% 59% 0,45
Grube
Fosdalen
Bergverks A/S 4045 8% 4,59% 13,06 0,37
Malm
A/S Sulityelma ~43 9% ~7% 0,45

Gruber
A/S Vigsnes 47 7% 7,10% 15,2 0,43

Kobberverk
A/S Stordo 35 4% 3,5% 16,0 0 0,5 mm
( ) Kisg ruber
Killingdal 35 6% 5% 0,42 100% < 0,21 mm
Grube
38 - 11% 711% 16,25 0,46

9%
310

- -
-
S.F. -

-

ft3/LT m3/MT

>35 10% 15% 18,0 0,30,07 mm
40 10% 714% 0,24
Great Lakes
9,6%

New Castle 10,1%
New Foundland 7,9%
New Westmin-

ster
Quebec 10,4%
Quebec 8,3%
Bleikvassii ~41 7% 68% 0,4
- -
New castle 11,2%

-
8,2%

11,8%

New Foundland

-
40 11,6% 610% 0,38 0,99-0,05 mm

Quebec

Prince Pupert 44 6,79% 5,9% 11,2
7,7%
Vancouver -
35 1% 12,5
Island B.C
Vancouver
10,4% 8%
Island B.C
Vancouver
7% -
Island B.C
()
311

-
- -
S.F. -

-

ft3/LT m3/MT
Vancouver 7,2%
Island B.C
Vancouver 45 6,7% 5% 11,4
Island B.C
- Brastad 75 7% 6% ~0,33 02 mm
Gruber
Oyestad
Arendal
- Ats Rodsand 40 7% 6,0% 0,33
Gruber Fos-
dalen
- Bergrerks 40-45 9,5% 6,09,5% 14,12 0,40
Als Malm
- Titania A/S 40 8,5% 6,7% ~0,41
Tellnes
- 35 10% 7% 0,36 0,50,12 mm

- 43 7%

o 43 7%

43 7%

Dahlousie 11,1%
Great Lakes,

New Castle 11,9%
New Foundland 11,2%
Quebec 10,4%
Quebec 10,9%
10,1%
10,3%
10,2%
Vancouver 9,8%
Island B.C
Vancouver 9,4%
Island B.C
Vancouver 9,9%
Island B.C
Vancouver 9,6%
Island B.C
()
312

-
- -
S.F. -

-

ft3/LT m3/MT
Vancouver 9,4%
Island B.C
Folldal 45 9% 9-10% 0,4
gruber
Killingdal >35 11,5% 10% 0,5 100% < 0,21 mm
gruber 70% < 0,074 mm
A/S Vigsnes 50 8% 6% 18,0 0,51
Kobberverk
- 40 12% 12% 1014% 0,43 0,3-0,071 mm

Dahlousie 11,2% 0
Montreal 40 10,6% 9,5% 18,0 0
New Castle 11,4%
New found- 10,2%
land
Quebec 11,0%
9,8%
3540 9,5% 5,5% 16,0-
17,0
10,8%
50 10,0% 6,4% 17,4
10,0%
45 9,9% 8,63% 15,3
40 10,4% 10,2% 20,0
>35 7% 4,2%

Bleikvassei ~ 42 9,5% 710% 0,5
Grube
Folldal G 45 10,5% 910% 0,4
ruber
Killindal >35 9,5% 8% 0,5 100%<0231 mm
Grube 70% < 0,074 mm
A/S
Sulitzelma ~43 12% ~8,5% 0,5
Gruber A/S
Vigsnes
Kobberverk 50 8,5% 8,5% 16,0 16,0
.
35, ,
.

87, 160
Containers 290 88
290
22 87
, 27 139
21
15
1
Container 297
, 28
, 183-185
22
, 265
, 27
, 264
21
, 264
39
252-253
59
, 250
5-6
, 241
, 200
, 243
, 197
, 240-241
, 243
container 274-276 , 9
13 163
1 , 237-238
, 193 -
2 96
180 , 144
G 115 , 140
GM container 292 , 122
, , 122
112 141-
, 56 144
container 297 125
, 71 122
124
123
, 124
55 , 124
130
48 , 185
7 , 180
, 46 2
, 46
, 201
46 53
55 84
2 ,
4 84
57 255
, 59 253
, 58 17
314
117 , -
, 120 31
, 119 , IMO RES HSC
, 117 267 (85) 192
, 118 , 189
, -
83
272 , 65
115
117 102
G 114
163 59
98
65
79 16
80
G 154
( - , 31
) 154-155 , 28
, - , 23
80 , 23-26
, 70 , 31
, 31 , 28
153 17
, 161 , 13
188 IMO RES HSC 267 (85) 277
8
,
58 102
61 , 106
, 56 ,
144 103
, 104
148
, 256
147 256
, 144 190
, 146
, 169 189
, 198
268 174
, 91 , 181
, 91 , 182
, 95 , 137
, 272
96 240
, 95 ,
, 93 18
196 124
21 46
, , 46
180-181 , 46
2 18
, 162 129
315
, 139 , Atwood 98
53 , Scribanti 100
286 , 102
, 287 MCT1in - MCT1cm 126
64
85
84 5
GM 85 11
273 National Cargo Bureau, 214-220
42

, 277
, 291 225
, 225
278

, 279
,
279 285
, - 4
2
280
, 303
, -
278
,
14
279
100
,
,
279
101
,
267
279 71
, G 76
279 , 74
, , 74
277 , 73
, 72
,
7 73
, , 75
264 59
, 70 , 236
, 71 , 163
, 66 , 163
231 , 164
, 232 ,
, 235 46
, , 221 , 57
, 222 8
, 222 11
202 , 57
, .. 52
298
9 126
119 16
GM 89
27
, 2
, 98 126
316
caper , 196
267 196
9
13
, 230
169 , 231
, , 230
170 , 309
9
Handymax 90
120
135
, 309
51
14
, 17 202
() 301
9 213
273 , 211
299 , 213
5 , 207
-
213

264 213
-
269
cm i 62
42
273
G
GM
57
58 77
32 GM (sallying) 76
36
S

131 stiff ship 68
LCG, 127
T
Murray
265 tender ship 68
LCG 128 TPC 63
, 60 TPC 63
http://www.nautinst.org/download.cfm?docid=D4B8059B-9E6E-4C46-A70CC55A8FCFA6F5...
http://www.mpa.gov.sg/sites/circulars_and_notices/pdfs/shipping_circulars/msc-267-85-2008-is-
code.pdf
X

-
.

kg
0
7 1
6 2
5 3
4 kg
0
7 1
6 2
-
5 3
4

3 3 kg
kg
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ISBN 978-960-337-091-8 2016

13) (living quarters).

= (b/4) (h/2 + h + h + h + h/2) =

= () (1/2 + 2+ 3/2 ) = 1,1 (1,30/2 +

0 1,531 0,5 0,765 0,000 3,588 1,794 0,000

E - PC MCT 1 cm LCB LCF

7 7 7 0 12.440 0,4 ( ) 7,81

1786230 50575 9,08 103,78

No 1 3715 2967 169,41 502639 9,47 28097

101 72,65 7338 15,91 1607

Deadweigt 40800 102,96 4200669 9,11 371866

53232 99,36 5289339

(deadweight 10000 17000

100 100 500

0o 10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o 80o 90o

GM = KM KG = 6,62 6,6 = 0,02 m () 10.11

, = 36116 5 48,3 = 36116 241,5 = 35874,5

(8,42 8,40) +1,15 +1,15

MCT 1 cm = 693,79 + (0,652) (700,31 .

. 1,000 9,746 9,6

8' 520' - 0''

m = HA + HF = 7,6 + 8,0 = 7,80 m m = HA + HF = 7,8 + 8,2 = 8 m

17 , = m (17) = (10) (13) 5,9 10,7 cm

19 (19) = 11 (12) 0,623 m 0,821 m

27 ()3 (27) = (24) (26) 113,8 267,0

28 (28) = (24) + (27) 23268,3 38830,2

31 (31) = (30) 22468,3 14531,9

12.24 (draft syrvey), 5.6,

4 , hf (4) = [(2) + (3)]/2 5,00 m 8,31 m

G1M1 = GM + MM1 GG1 =

= 58,2/(L 60) + 0,18 = -

BML = yy/V = 4218750/14624 = 288,5 m

- 1 = + w = 14990,6 + 1292 = 16282,6 MT

1 = 16282,6 =[999,4 (75 5)]/234,39 =

BMT1 = Ixx/V = 42187/15885 = 2,655 m KB = (6,5 + 0,463)/2 = 3,481 m

BMT = xx/V = 39375/14624 = 2,692 m = (2,173) (14990) =

1%, MCT 1 cm = ( BML)/(100 L) =

1. 10000 20000 30000 40000

0,920 150 12,29 1844 12,22 1833 7

0,860 50 11,58 579 12,08 604 8

0,860 59 21,86 1290 12,25 723 6

1,000 79 13,28 1049 8,96 708 13

101 72,65 7338 15,91 1607

40800 102,96 4200669 9,11 371866

53232 99,36 5289339 9,91 522045 36

3) WNA (Winder North Atlantic). .

450 0,61 275 215 0,61 131 50 0,61 31

100 0,61 61 75 0,61 46 50 0,61 31

14230 6,48 92235 13930 6,59 91826 14000 6,55 91643

Gv 6,69 6,80 6,76

M.V./S.S. YEAR BUILT

Grain loading booklet approved by _________________________________________________________

Displacement Deadweight Draft Freeboard

Summer _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

**Tropical _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Fresh water allowance_________________________ TPC / TPI (At summer draft) _______________________

This is to certify that:

Calculations prepared by: ______________________________________

Grain cubics (2) S.F. S.F. DEN

DEPARTURE: INTERMEDIATE: ARRIVAL:

FW 50 10,36 518 35 10,36 363 20 10,36 207

DO 100 3,81 381 75 3,81 286 50 3,81 191

Summer _________ _ _ _________

**Tropical _________ _ _ _________

Fresh water allowance___ TPC / TPI (At summer draft) _