Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers - Simulation Description Page 1 of 9

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Simulation Description

This topic details the equations used by shell and tube heat exchanger types. The types covered
are shown in Table 1.

Show Table 1?

To select a particular item, click on the required link below:

l Defining the Nusselt Number for the Shell and Tube Paths
l Defining the Heat Transfer Area
l Defining the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
l Defining the Number of Transfer Units, NTU
l Defining the Heat Capacity Rate Ratio, R
l Thermal Effectiveness Calculations

Defining the Nusselt Number for the Shell and Tube Paths

Tube and Shell Paths - Laminar Flow (Reynolds number < 2300)

Applicable for all types. For this condition, then Nu is defined as follows:

Equation 1

Where, for the tube:

Where, for the shell:

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Where:

The above equation is only applicable when the No. of Shell Passes > 1.

Tube and Shell Paths - Turbulent Flow (Reynolds number > 2300)

Tube Path

For all types, then Nu is defined as follows:

Equation 2

Shell Path

For all types, then Nu is defined as follows:

Equation 3

Where, for both paths:

Defining the Heat Transfer Area

Applicable to the Tube Path only for all types, it is defined as follows:

Equation 4

Where:

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di = Tube inside diameter

do = Tube outside diameter
l = Length of tube per tube pass
NTP = Number of tube passes
N = Number of tubes per pass

Defining the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Applicable to the Tube Path only for all types, it is defined as follows:

Equation 5

Where:

Equation 6

Where:

Defining the Number of Transfer Units, NTU

Applicability

Applicable to both paths, it is defined as follows:

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Equation 7

Where:

U = Overall heat transfer coefficient

fth = Tube side heat transfer shape coefficient
fsh = Shell side heat transfer shape coefficient

and

Defining the Heat Capacity Rate Ratio, R

Applicability

Applicable to both paths, it is defined as follows:

Equation 8

Thermal Effectiveness Calculations

The calculations for forward and reverse flow, are calculated as follows:

Types 17 and 18

Forward Flow: Type 17, Reverse Flow: Type 18

For these conditions, then Pi is calculated as follows:

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Equation 9

Reverse Flow: Type 17, Forward Flow: Type 18

For these conditions, then Pi is calculated as follows:

Equation 10

Type 19

Forward or Reverse Flow

For both these conditions, P is calculated as follows:

Equation 11

Where:

Type 20

Forward or Reverse Flow

For both these conditions, P is calculated as follows:

Equation 12

Type 64

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Forward or Reverse Flow

For both these conditions, P is calculated as follows:

Equation 13

Equation 14

Where:

Types 21 and 65

Forward or Reverse Flow

For Rs 1, then P is calculated as follows:

Equation 15

Where:

and

For Rs = 1, then P is calculated as follows:

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Equation 16

Types 22 and 62

Forward Flow: Type 22 and Reverse Flow: Type 62

For Rs 2, P is calculated as follows:

Equation 17

For Rs = 2, then P is calculated as follows:

Equation 18

Reverse Flow: Type 22 and Forward Flow: Type 62

For these types, then P is calculated as follows:

Equation 19

Type 24

Forward Flow and Reverse Flow

For Rs 2, then P is calculated as follows:

Equation 20

For Rs = 2, then P is calculated as follows:

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Equation 21

Type 25

Forward Flow and Reverse Flow

P is calculated as follows:

Equation 22

Where:

Types 26 and 63

Forward Flow for Type 26 and Reverse Flow for Type 63

For Rs 2, then P is calculated as follows:

Equation 23

Where:

and

For Rs = 2, then P is calculated as follows:

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Equation 24

Reverse Flow Type 26 and Forward Flow Type 63

For this condition, then P is calculated as follows:

Equation 25

Where:

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