2.

0 RESULTS
Table 1.Experimental Results

Time Volume of water Ca+2 Ion

(min) treated (mL) Concentration(ppm)

0 - 705

5 332 10

10 634 10

15 942 15

20 1236 5

25 1538 5

30 1847(BP) 30

35 2161 85

40 2465 165

45 2769 285

50 3054 355

55 3348 455

60 3638 550

65 3916 550

70 4136 550
Table.2. standard values of Na

Na+ Concentration % Absorbance

0 0

0.05 0.439

0.125 0.631

0.25 0.959

0.5 1.789

Table.3 standard values of Ca

Ca2+ Concentration(ppm) Absorbance

0 0

200 0.041

400 0.086

600 0.129

800 0.172

1000 0.212

Table.4 Absorbance and concentration of regeneration

Na+ Ion
Na+ Ion
Absorbance Concentration
Concentration %
(g Na+ /ml solution)

R0 1.49 0.3989 0.0157

R1 0.535 0.1432 5.636*10-3

R2 1.496 0.4005 0.0158

Table.5 Calculated Values

Breakthrough ion exchange capacity of the

25.1
resin (mg Ca2+ / ml)

Breakthrogh ion exchange capacity of the

1.25
resin (meq Ca2+ / ml)

Total ion exchange capacity of the resin (mg

40.81
Ca2+ / ml)

Total ion exchange capacity of the resin

2.04
(meq Ca2+ / ml)

Percent of the column utilization % 61.4

Efficiency of regeneration % 24.55

Breakthrough Curve
600
Concentration of solute in effluent,C

500

400

300
Breakthrough point

200

100

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Volume of effluent,V
Figure1. Breakthrough Curve
 Absorbance vs Na%
2
1.8
1.6
1.4 y = 3.7356x
Absorbance

1.2 R = 0.9458
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Na %

Figure 2. Absorbance vs Na %

Absorbance vs Ca Concentration
0.25

0.2
y = 0.0002x
Absorbance

0.15 R = 0.9998

0.1

0.05

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Ca-Concentration(ppm)

Figure 3. Absorbance vs Ca Concentration