SHIP DESIGN PROJECT- GUIDELINES

Tasks
The following is the list of tasks to be performed as steps in ship design process.

Step Task
1 Design Requirements
2 Estimate Principle particulars
3 Initial Parametric checks
4 Hull Form Generation
5 Hydrostatic Calculations
6 Final Freeboard calculations
8 Resistance and powering Calculations
9 Propeller Design
10 Rudder design
11 General arrangement
12 Scantlings and strength calculations
14 Weight Table and Dead Weight Check
13 Mid ship Section Drawing
14 Capacities
15 Tonnage calculations
16 Stability and Longitudinal strength assessment for selected load cases
17 Preliminary Sea Keeping Calculations
18 Preliminary Maneuverability Calculations
19 Shell Expansion Drawing
20 Cost Estimation

At First all the tasks should be performed with least possible usage of Ship Design Software.

Advanced calculations are to be done using a Ship Design Software.

Software can be used to validate the manually calculated results.

Using Maxsurf is discouraged and pupil are advised to use NAPA, FORAN, or Tribon.

Drawings can be made using AutoCAD or Rhino CAD

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1. Design Requirements
The ship design project begins with deciding the requirements the vessel should meet. The following are
some of such requirements.

Dead weight
Speed
No of passengers
TEU for container ships
Dimensional Constraints (Length, Breath, Draft, Height Restrictions)
Endurance
Number of Cars or Trucks for Ro-Ro Vessels
Lane Meters for Ro-Ro Vessels (Usable Deck Area)
Compliance Requirements: Classification society rules, statutory requirements like IS 2008 Code.

2. Estimation of Principal particulars

The ship hull type and some characteristics like sheer, camber, flare/ tumble home, Bow type,
Stern type etc., are decided.
The Dead weight Displacement coefficient (CDWT) can be preliminarily estimated by regression
analysis of existing vessels of similar requirements and hull characteristics. CDWT can also be
estimated by empirical formulae or from other available data.
The Main dimensions LBP, Breadth, Depth or Draft are preliminarily estimated by regression
analysis.
Estimate the form coefficients by using the parameters estimated earlier and by using empirical
formulae.
Calculate the displacement at design draft from earlier estimated parameters CDWT, CB, L, B, and
T.
If required make a preliminary general arrangement plan to estimate the deck areas and
volumes. Preliminary estimation of Super structure dimensions is also to be done.
Estimate the power required using any appropriate technique.

3. Initial Parametric Checks

Once the Principal particulars and other characteristics are estimated/ decided, the following checks are
performed using them.

Preliminary free board calculations with LBP as free board length check if the minimum required
free board length is less than the provided. If not adjust depth and draft to match the needs or
reiterate step 1 to arrive at more suitable values.
Estimate the Light ship weight components and dead weight components using empirical
formulae or other techniques. Check if,

| | 3%

Where

= Total weight of the vessel, Sum of light ship weight and dead weight.

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 = Displacement at design draft.

Estimate resistance using empirical formulae and earlier estimates. Check if the powering
estimated in step 1 is sufficient to meet the requirements.

= Power estimated in step 1 using some empirical formulae
= Power required calculated from resistance and assumed efficiency of power train

Check if the initial intact stability requirements are meet. Estimate the initial GM and check if it
is greater than required GM as per statutory requirements
GM 0.15 m
If the design process is volume based calculate the volume available and check if it meets the
requirements.

= Geometric Gross Volume available, calculated from main dimensions and form
coefficients. Also includes volume available upper deck
= Volume required for cargo and other purposes
Refer Pg. 61 of Practical Ship Design, 3.2 the Volume Equation
If the design is deck area constrained calculate the available deck area as per the preliminary
GA. Check if the deck area requirements are meet.
If the design is dimension constrained check if necessary restrictions are meet.
Once all the above checks are satisfied finalize parameters estimated in Step 1
If any check fails go back to step 1 make appropriate corrections, re estimate the particulars to
match the requirements.

4. Hull Form Generation

Once the checks are completed and the estimated preliminary particulars are found to meet the
requirements proceed to obtain a hull form that suits the particulars.
Generate the hull form by any of the following techniques
o From scratch using Lines distortion
o From Parametric transformation of an existing hull
o From Series Data
The hull form should match the estimated principal particulars and characteristics.
Fair the hull form and get lines plan. Draw 23 stations at standard intervals.

5. Hydrostatics Calculations
After the hull form is obtained and faired. Perform the following Calculations.

Calculate Bonjeans at every station for every 1 meter interval of draft. Plot the curves.
Plot the final sectional area curve at design draft.
Hydrostatics for every 1 meter interval of draft. Plot hydrostatic properties.

6. Finalize Freeboard calculations

Calculate the required free board as per the load line regulations of IMO
Check if the geometric / actual minimum free board is more than the required

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 Finalize the design draft, depth other related parameters

7. Resistance and Powering calculations

Estimate the resistance for the hull form at design draft for a range of speeds including the
design speed
Estimate the Engine power required
Choose a suitable Engine

8. Propeller Design
Design a propeller by using Methodical Series data/ Polynomial equations
First estimate the
The design process ends with finalizing the following propeller characteristics
Propeller Diameter
Number of blades
Pitch
Blade area Ratio
Design RPM of the propeller
Skew
Rake

Table of Chord lengths, Pitch, Skew, Rake, etc., at incremental r/R.

Table of section offsets
Draw the propeller geometry. Draw at least one blade outlines with hub.
Refer B-Series Wageningen Data. Refer Pg. 187-188, PNA Volume 2.

9. Rudder design
Decide the Rudder type and generate the geometry
Estimate Clearances

10. General Arrangement

General arrangement drawing at all deck levels
GA Profile Drawings
Engine Room drawings
Other drawings related to GA

11. Scantlings and Strength calculations

Load Curve, Shear force and Bending moment in Still water and in wave
Structural Design : Scantlings in compliance with classification rules
Mid ship Neutral Axis and section modulus calculations
Longitudinal Strength calculations: Stress Calculation at deck and keel

12. Weight table Dead weight Check

Estimate the weights of various ship components with their locations of CG.
Generate weights table using that data. Calculate total weight and C.G of the vessel.

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 Check if the sum of all weights meets the displacement available at the design draft
Check if the location of vessel center of gravity matches the vessel Centre of buoyancy.
Criteria is that the vessel should float at design draft and design trim for the design load case.
Refer Load cases in trim and stability booklets

13. Mid ship section Drawing

Mid ship section with all structural elements
One side of the Centre line should show the web frame and the other a normal frame

14. Capacities
Calculate the volume, weight, L.C.G, V.C.G, and T.C.G for all tanks at incremental tank levels with
corresponding constituents.
Refer trim and stability booklets of some existing vessels

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