DIGITAL

COMMUNICATION

B SREENIVASU
B.E(ECE).,M.TECH(Commn.sys).,MIETE.,MISTE.,AMIRDE

G VIJAYGOUD B.TECH(ECE).,M.TECH(ACS)

SANJANA MATHEW B.TECH(ECE).,M.TECH(Commn Engg)

 Preface

Digital Communication is a core subject of study for the Electronics and Communications Engineering
students. The subject is generally offered in the third year second semester of a four year undergraduate
programme and is preceded by the first course on Communications Analog Communications.
The main aim in writing this material is to present the theory and practice at a level appropriate for
young undergraduate students who are being exposed to the study of Digital Communication for the first time.
The challenge was to present the text in a manner that would not only enable the students to clearly understand
the important concepts, but also to apply those concepts in solving problems. Accordingly, in this text, two or
more solved examples immediately follow every introduction of a new concept. This, I feel, reinforces the
students understanding of the concept and their ability to apply it.
During the last two decades, Communication technologies have undergone radical changes, especially
due to the convergence of computers and communications.
Essential pre-requisites for the course: 1. Probability theory and stochastic processes 2. Signals and
Systems 3. Basics of Electronic Devices and Circuits which are covered thoroughly in the second year level.

Units Organization
Unit-1Serves as a Introduction to Digital Communication. It gives an overview of these communication
systems, discusses the functions of various elements of digital communication systems and finally gives a
comparison of analog and digital communication. It also deals with waveform coding techniques such as PCM,
DPCM, DM and ADPCM.

Unit-2 Deals with Digital Modulation Schemes for Band pass data transmission (ASK, FSK and PSK),
Generation and Detection of Digitally Modulated carrier signals. Need for Digital Modulations and Types of
Digital Modulations.

Unit-3 Deals with Baseband data transmission and Reception of Digital Signal and Basics of Information
Theory concepts and Source Encoding Techniques to Increase average information per bit.

Unit-4 Deals with Error Control Codes (Channel Encoding Techniques) such as Linear Block Codes,
Cyclic Codes and Convolution Codes. Comparison of Error Rates in Coded and Uncoded Transmission.

Unit-5 Deals with Spread Spectrum Modulation: Use of Spread Spectrum Communication Techniques
such as DSSS and FHSS. PN-Sequences: Generation and Characteristics. Synchronization in Spread Spectrum
Systems.
 III Year B.Tech. ECE II Semester R13 Regulation
(A60420) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT I:
Elements of Digital Communication Systems: Advantages of Digital Communication Systems, Bandwidth-
S/N Tradeoff, Hartley Shanon law and Sampling Theorem.

Pulse Code Modulation: PCM Generation and Reconstruction, Quantization Noise, Non Uniform Quantization
and Companding, DPCM, Adaptive DPCM, DM and Adaptive DM, Noise in PCM and DM.

UNIT II:
Digital Modulation Techniques : Introduction, ASK,ASK Modulator, Coherent ASK Detector, Non-Coherent
ASK Detector, FSK, Bandwidth and Frequency Spectrum of FSK, Non-Coherent FSK Detector, Coherent FSK
Detector, FSK Detection Using PLL, BPSK, Coherent PSK Detection, QPSK, Differential PSK.

UNIT III:
Baseband Transmission and Optimal Reception of Digital Signal: Pulse Shaping for Optimum
Transmissions, A Baseband Signal Receiver, Probability of Error, Optimum Receiver, Optimal of Coherent
Reception, Signal Space Representation and probability of error and Eye diagrams for ASK, PSK, FSK, Cross
Talk.

Information Theory: Information and Entropy, Conditional Entropy and redundancy, Shanon-Fano coding,
Mutual information, Information loss due to noise, Source Codings- Huffman code, Variable length coding,
Source coding to increase average information per bit, Lossy source coding.

UNIT IV:
Error Control Codes:
Linear Block Codes: Matrix Description of Linear Block Codes, Error Detection and Error Correction
Capabilities of Linear Block Codes.

Cyclic Codes: Algebraic Structure, Encoding, Syndrome Calculation, Decoding.

Convolution Codes: Encoding, Decoding using State, Tree and Trellis Diagrams, Decoding using Viterbi
Algorithm, Comparison of Error Rates in Coded and Uncoded Transmission.

UNIT V:
Spread Spectrum Modulation: Use of Spread Spectrum, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Code
Division Multiple Access, Ranging using DSSS, Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, PN-Sequences:
Generation and Characteristics, Synchronization in Spread Spectrum Systems.
 III Year B.Tech.ECE II Semester R13 Regulation
(A60420) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

TEXT BOOKS:

T1.Principles of Communication Systems Herbert Taub, Donald L Schilling, Gautam Saha, 3rd Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2008.
T2.Digital and Analog Communication Systems Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005.
T3.Digital Communications John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi-5th Edition McGraw-Hill, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Digital communications - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.
R2. Digital communications Ian A.Glover, Peter M.Grant, 2nd Edition Pearson Edu.,2008.
R3. Communication Systems - B.P.Lathi, BS Publications, 2006.
R4.A First Course in Digital Communications Nguyen, Shewedyh, Cambridge.
R5.Digital Communication Theory, Techniques, and Applications R.N.Mutagi, 2nd Ed. 2013.

III Year B.Tech.ECE II Semester R13 Regulation

(A60420) DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

Web References for Self Learning

1. www. ocw.mit.edu
2. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in for video lectures.
 Lesson Planner
Subject Name: DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Course Code : A60420
Number of Hours per week :5
Total Number of Hours required in order to complete the course : 64

Mode Text/

Actual Date
completion

completion
No of

with COs
Expected

Mapping
Sl. of

Date of
Unit Topic(s) to be covered Periods

of
No Teach Reference Books
Required
ing Recommended

1 Introduction 1 T1,T2 & R1 09-12-16

2 Advantages of digital communication 1 T1,T2 & R1 09-12-16
I-Elements of Digital Communication

3 systems
Bandwidth-S/N Trade Off 1 T1,T2 & R1 14-12-16

Black Board Teaching and PPTs

Pulse Code Modulation

4 Sampling theorem 1 T1,T2 & R1 15-12-16

5 Hartley Shanon Law 1 T1,T2 & R1 16-12-16
Systems and

6 PCM Generation and Reconstruction 1 T1,T2 & R1 16-12-16

7 Quantization Noise 1 T1,T2 & R1 17-12-16
8 Non Uniform Quantization and 1 T1,T2 & R1 21-12-16
9 companding
DPCM 1 T1,T2 & R1 22-12-16
10 Adaptive DPCM 1 T1,T2 & R1 23-12-16
11 DM 1 T1,T2 & R1 23-12-16
12 Adaptive DM 1 T1,T2 & R1 24-12-16
13 Noise in PCM and DM 1 T1,T2 & R1 28-12-16
14 Summary of Unit-I 1 T1,T2 & R1 29-12-16
Total No.of Periods 14
15 Introduction 1 T1,T2 & R1 30-12-16
Black Board Teaching

16 ASK,ASK Modulator 1 T1,T2 & R1 30-12-16

II - Digital Modulation Techniques

and PPTs

17 Coherent ASK Detector 1 T1,T2 & R1 30-12-16

18 Non-Coherent ASK Detector 1 T1,T2 & R1 31-12-16
19 FSK 1 T1,T2 & R1 04-01-17
20 Bandwidth and Frequency Spectrum FSK 1 T1,T2 & R1 05-01-17
21 Non-Coherent FSK Detector 1 T1,T2 & R1 06-01-17
22 Coherent FSK Detector 1 T1,T2 & R1 06-01-17
23 FSK Detection using PLL 1 T1,T2 & R1 07-01-17
24 BPSK 1 T1,T2 & R1 11-01-17
Black Board Teaching

25 Coherent PSK Detection 1 T1,T2 & R1 12-01-17

26 QPSK 1 T1,T2 & R1 18-01-17
27 Differential PSK 1 T1,T2 & R1 19-01-17
28 1 T1,T2 & R1 20-01-17
Summary of Unit-II
Total No.of Periods 14
29 Pulse Shaping for Optimum Transmissions 1 T1,T2 & R1 20-01-17

30 A Baseband Signal Receiver 1 T1,T2 & R1 21-01-17

31 III-Base Probability of Error ,Optimum Receiver 1 T1,T2 & R1 25-01-17

Band Data
BoardTeaching

32
Transmission Optimal Of Coherent reception 1 T1,T2 & R1 27-01-17
Black

33 Signal Space Representation and 1 T1,T2 & R1

Probability of Error
34 Eye Diagrams for ASK,PSK,FSK ,Cross Talk 1 T1,T2 & R1 27-01-17
22-02-17

Total No.of Periods 6

 Information and Entropy, Conditional
35 1 T1,T2 & R1
Entropy 23-02-17

36 Redundancy, Shannon Fano Coding 1 T1,T2 & R1 25-02-17

37 Mutual Information 1 T1,T2 & R1 01-03-17
38 III- Information Loss due to Noise 1 T1,T2 & R1 02-03-17
39 Informati Source Codings-Huffman Code 1 T1,T2 & R1 03-03-17
40 on Theory Variable Length Coding 1 T1,T2 & R1 03-03-17
41 Lossy Source Coding 1 T1,T2 & R1 04-03-17
42 Source Coding to Increase average T1,T2 & R1 08-03-17
Information per bit
43 Summary of Unit-III 1 T1,T2 & R1 09-03-17
43 Total No.of Periods 9
44 Linear Block Codes Introduction 1 T1,T2 & R1 10-03-17
45 Matrix Description Of Linear Block Codes 1
46 Error Detection and Error Correction 1 T1,T2 & R1 15-03-17

Black Board Teaching and PPTs

47 Capabilities of Linear Block Codes 1 T1,T2 & R1 16-03-17
48 Cyclic Codes Introduction 1 T1,T2 & R1 17-03-17
49 IV-Error Encoding 1 T1,T2 & R1 17-03-17
50 control Syndrome calculation, Decoding 1 T1,T2 & R1 18-03-17
51 codes Convolution Codes Introduction 1 T1,T2 & R1 22-03-17
52 Encoding 1 T1,T2 & R1 23-03-17
53 Decoding using State Tree and trellis 1 T1,T2 & R1 24-03-17
54 Decoding 24-03-17
Diagrams Using Viterbi Algorithm 1 T1,T2 & R1
55 Comparison of Error Rates In Coded and 1 T1,T2 & R1 25-03-17
Uncoded Transmission
Summary of Unit-IV 1 T1,T2 & R1 30-03-17
56 TotalNo.of Periods 13
57 Introduction to spread spectrum Use of 1 T1,T2 & R1 31-03-17
58 SpreadSequence
Direct SpectrumSpread Spectrum(DSSS) 1 T1,T2 & R1 31-03-17
59
V-SPREAD
Ranging Using DSSS 1 T1,T2 & R1 01-04-17
SPECTRU
60 Code Division Multiple Access 1 T1,T2 & R1 06-04-17
M
61 MODULA Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 1 T1,T2 & R1 07-04-17
62 TION PN-Sequences: Generation and 1 T1,T2 & R1 07-04-17
63 Characteristics in Spread Spectrum
Synchronization 1 T1,T2 & R1 12-04-17
64 Systems of Unit-V
Summary 1 T1,T2 & R1 13-04-17
Total No.of Periods 8

TEXT BOOKS & REFERENCE BOOKS Recommended for

Digital Communication
TEXT BOOKS:
T1.Principles of Communication Systems Herbert Taub, Donald L Schilling, Gautam Saha, 3rd Edition,
McGraw-Hill,2008.
T2.Digital and Analog Communication Systems Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005.
T3.Digital Communications John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi-5th Edition McGraw-Hill, 2008.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Digital communications - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.
R2. Digital communications Ian A.Glover, Peter M.Grant, 2nd Edition Pearson Edu.,2008.
R3. Communication Systems - B.P.Lathi, BS Publications, 2006.
 SREYAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad)
Nagole, Hyderabad 500 068

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

COURSE SCHEDULE
(Expected)

A.Y : 2016-17 Regulation : R13

Subject Name : DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Course Code : A60420

Year & Course : III B.Tech.II Semester

Branch : E.C.E

Faculty Name : G.Vijay Goud

Designation : Assistant Professor

E-mail id : vijaygoud.gouni@gmail.com Mobile: 9652083332

Expected date of completion of the Course : 13-04-2017

No.of Periods required to complete syllabus for I Mid Term Exams: 34

No.of Periods required to complete syllabus for I Mid Term Exams: 30

DURATION (DATES) TOTAL

UNIT
S.NO TITLE NO.OF
NO. FROM TO PERIODS
1.
Elements of Digital Communication Systems
I 09-12-2016 29-12-2016 14
and Pulse Code Modulation
2.
II Digital Modulation Techniques 30-12-2016 20-01-2017 14

PART-I: Baseband Transmission and Optimal PART-I:

3. Reception of Digital Signal. 22-02-2017 06
20-01-2017
III
PART II: Information Theory PART-II:
09-03-2017 09
22-02-2017
4. ERROR CONTROL CODES: Linear Block Codes,
IV Cyclic Codes and Convolution Codes 10-03-2017 30-03-2017 13

5.
V SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION 31-03-2017 13-04-2017 08

Remarks (if any):

Faculty Signature HOD Director