Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I
Electrical
size
Bandwidth
T T
I
F
F
Complexity
I F T
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Jan-11 4
Comparing EM solver techniques
MRI data of a
human head Allocation of field
components
e b
Each brick
with different
material
Digitizing properties
A
E d s = & dA
B
A
Ce = b&
ek ek ei
el ej ej 1 1 1 1 ej = d b
bn bn e dt n
k
ei 144 424443el 1 424 3
ei {
C b&
ei + e j ek el = b&n e
r r
E ds =
r r
B dA Ce = b&
A t A ~
r r
H ds =
r
D r r
+ J dA
C h = d& + j
t ~
A A
r r
dA = 0
B S d = q
V
r r
dA = Q
D Sb = 0
V
V7
V12 The simplest form of 3D TLM
uses 12 transmission lines to
V4 model a cube of empty space.
V2 The two polarizations in each
V3
V10 direction of propagation are
V6
V11 carried on two orthogonal pairs
of transmission-lines.
V9
y
V8 Single grid for E and H fields.
V7 1 1 1 1
V12 S= 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
V4
1 1 1 1
V2 1 1 1 1
V3
1 1 1 1
V10
V6
1 1 1 1
V11
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
V9
y 1 1 1 1
V8 1 1 1 1
V1 1 1 1 1
x V5
V7
V12
V4
Ex= (V1i + V2i + V9i + V12i ) / 2
V2
V3
Ey= (V3i + V4i + V8i + V11i ) / 2
V10
V6
V11
Ez= (V5i + V6i + V7i + V10i ) / 2
V9
y
V8
Hx = (V4i V8i + V7i - V5i ) / 2 Z0
V1
x V5 Hy= (V6i V10i + V9i - V2i ) / 2 Z0
z Hz= (V1i V12i + V11i - V3i ) / 2 Z0
Integral solver
Integral solver
Discretization by MoM
Applies Greens function
Open Boundary integral
formulation
N^2 for memory and N^3 for E (r ) = i [g (r r ' ) J (r ' ) + 2g (r r ' )'J (r ' )]dS'
S
solver time
Integral solver
Integral solver
Iterative solver
= 0 a i 0
t t t
Tracking+ PIC
Spacecharge
Y(w)
y(t)
Output
8 balun fed
dipoles
Conical
monopole
antenna - Wave guide port
broadband excitation
Hexahedral Mesh
Surface Mesh
Tetrahedral volume
Mesh
Phi=90 Phi=0
Theta=0-360 Theta=0-360
< 1 @1.5GHz
[#] Y. Letestu and A. Sharaiha, Broadband Folded Printed Quadrifilar Helical Antenna, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 7, pp. 1600-1604, May 2006
Multilayered meta-
materials
Unit cell
CST MWS
MOM and MLFMM S11
3D farfield
at 850MHz
Missile
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Jan-11 47
MLFMM Solver Example: Apache Helicopter
RCSmax =
33dBsm
COMBINING DIFFERENT
TECHNIQUES
Radiation
pattern
15 @ 30 GHz
CST COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Jan-11 50
Combined TLM/ES Analysis: GPS Patch Antenna
Antenna in free
space
RHC LHC
Antenna in car
VSWR
Frequency
(GHz)
Equivalent source
model Azimuth pattern at 600 and 1000 MHz
Currents and
fields and 3D far-
field pattern at
600 MHz
Currents and
fields and 3D far-
field pattern at
1000 MHz