Project on

Design and construction of post tensioning

slab
SRI VENKATESWARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PRESENTING BY:-
CH .Gopichand (10631A0110)
INTERNAL GUIDE: D.Nagender (10631A0120)
Mrs.P.Jhansi J.Paramesh (10631A0126)
N.Prudhviraj (10631A0129)
S.Sathyanarayana(10631A0147)

CIVIL ENGINEERING
4th YEAR
 Objectives
The objective of the present report is

to summarize the experience available today in the field of

post-tensioning in building construction and in particular to
discuss the design and construction of post tensioned slab
structures, especially post tensioned flat slabs*

A detailed explanation will be given of the checks to be carried

out, the aspects to be considered in the design and the
construction procedures and sequences of a post-tensioned
slab. The execution of the design will be explained.
 Prestressed concrete

PRINCIPLE Using high tensile strength

steel alloys producing permanent pre-
compression in areas subjected to Tension.
A portion of tensile stress is counteracted
thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of
the steel reinforcement .
METHODS :- a) Pretensioning
b)Post-tensioning
PRETENSIONING :- Placing of concrete
around reinforcing tendons that have been
stressed to the desired degree.
POST-TENSIONING :- Reinforcing tendons
are stretched by jacks whilst keeping them in
serted in voids left pre-hand during curing of
concrete.
These spaces are then pumped full of grout
to bond steel tightly to the concrete.

STEEL BARS BEING

STRETCHED BY JACKS
 Introduction

Methods of Pre-stressing

Pre-tensioning

Post-tensioning
 Introduction

Pre-tensioning

Steel tendons are stressed before the concrete is placed

at a precast plant remote from the construction site.
 Introduction

Post-tensioning

Steel tendon are stressed after the concrete has

been placed and gained sufficient strength at
the construction site.
 Introduction

Post-tensioning Systems

Un-bonded Post-tensioning System

Single strand

Bonded Post-tensioning Systems

Single strand

Multi strands flat duct

Multi strands round duct

 Design of PT Slabs

Flat Plate with Drop Panels

Common geometries*

Two-way system
Suitable span: 12.2 m
Limiting criterion: Deflection
Rebar**: 2.94 kg/m2
PT: 3.87 kg/m2

* for typical office/residential buildings using

ACI/UBC requirements

** quantity assume no bottom reinforcement

 Materiel properties

CONCRETE:
Fc^28 Compressive strength of concrete 28 days.
Fcd Design value for compressive strength on concrete.
0.6 fc^28 = 21 N/MM^2
PRE STRESSING STEEL:
Ap cross sectional area of pj steel 146 mm^2
Fpy yield strength of PT steel 1570 N/MM^2
Fpu characteristic strength of PT steel 1770 N/MM^2
PRE-TENSIONING STEEL:
Ep modulus of elasticity of pre stressing steel 1.95 10^5 N/MM^2
(very low relaxation (3%)
Admissible stressing 0.75 fpu
Reinforcing steel:
Fsy yield strength of reinforcing steel is 460 N/MM^2
Long-term losses (assumed to be 10%)
 Details of building
Type of structure: commercial building

- Loadings:
Live load p = 2.5 kN/m2

Floor finishes gB = 1.OkN/m2

Walls g w = 1.5 kN/m2

q = 5.0 kN/m2
Plan showing dimensions
 Design

Determination of slab thickness:

Assumption l/h = 35

Self wt of slab g = yc h
L length of span 8.4
h 0.24 mt
h thickness of slab.
Yc volumetric wt.of concrete 2.5 KN/M^3
g=6KN/M^3
q =5 KN/M^3
(g+q)/g) = 6+5/6 = 1.83 ((g+q) service load
g self wt )
 (l/h as a function of (g+q/g))

For a value of 1.83 on y- axis l/h is coming to 36

0.233 which is approximately (0.24)
 Determination of prestress

it is transfer component from pre stressing / unit length

(g+q/g) 1.83 based on previous caluculation
Pre stress in longitudinal direction
for 1.83 the u/g value in is 1.39
u = 8.34 KN/m^2
K woobers coefficient =(0.2410^3)/(8.4^225) = 0.136
h = 0.24
length of slab = 8.4
yc =25
c =concrete tensile stress=1000
Pre tensioning force
P = 4l^2/8hp
sag of tendon parabola
Hp 0.178mt (p=8.34 8.4^2/80.178)
P =413 KN/M
P =7.8 413 for a width of 78 mt
P = 3221 KN/strand
Pl pre tensioning force per strand
Pl Ap fpu 0.7 10^-3
Ap =416 mm^2
Fpu = 1770 N/mm^2
Pl = 181 KN
 strands
No.of strands = p/ pl =413/pl =17.8 = 18
18 strands of dia 15mm on 78 mt width.
For 7.4 mt width =7.4/7.8 17.8 =16.88
17 mono strands of dia 15 mm of 7.4 mt width.
On 6.6 mt width = 6.6/7.8 17.8 =15.1
16 mono strands of dia 15 mm of 6.6 mt width.
For 2.4 mt width =2.4/7.8 17.8 =5.5
6 mono strand of dia of 15mm on 2.4 mt width

Transverse direction:
g+q/g = 1.83
k = 0.24 1000/ 7.8 m^225
k = 0.158
on design chart 2 for a k value of 0.158 & (g+q/g) value of 1.83 the value of u/g is found be 1.41
u= 8.46 kn/m^2
P = (ul^2/8hp ) 8.46 7.8^2/( 8 0.167)
P = 3.85 kn/m
On 8.4 mt width p=8.4385
P =3234 kn
Pc 181 kn
No. Of strands Np = p/pl =3234/181 = 17.9
18 mono strands of dia 15mm on 8.4 mt width
On 7.2 mt width np = 7.2/8.4 7.9 = 15.3
16 mono strands of dia 15mm on 7.2 mt width.
 Execution
Materials & Equipment
Anchorage Markings
Laying of Tendon
Concrete pouring
Pre stressing
grouting
 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

a) FORMWORK

b) CONCRETE

c) STRANDS

d) TENDONS

e) DUCTS

f) ANCHORAGES

g) WEDGES
Formwork
strands
Wedges
POST TENSIONING METHOD
Anchorage marking
Laying of tendons
 Concrete pourig
Mix design of M35
Grade of Concrete : M35
Characteristic Strength (Fck) : 35 Mpa
Standard Deviation : 1.91 Mpa*
Target Mean Strength : T.M.S.= Fck +1.65 x S.D.
(from I.S 456-2000) = 35+ 1.651.91
= 38.15 Mpa
Test Data For Material:
Aggregate Type : Crushed
Specific Gravity Cement : 3.15
Coarse Aggregate : 2.67
Fine Aggregate : 2.62
Water Absorption
Coarse Aggregate : 0.5%
Fine Aggregate : 1.0 %
Concrete pouring
 Mix Design:
Take Sand content as percentage of total aggregates = 36%
Select Water Cement Ratio = 0.43 for concrete grade M35
Select Water Content = 172 Kg
(From IS: 10262 for 20 mm nominal size of aggregates Maximum Water Content = 186 Kg/m 3 )
Hence, Cement Content= 172 / 0.43 = 400 Kg /m 3
Formula for Mix Proportion of Fine and Coarse Aggregate:
1000(1-a 0 )= {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +(F a / Sp. Gr.* P f )} 1000(1-
a 0 )= {(Cement Content / Sp. Gr. Of Cement) + Water Content +C a / Sp. Gr.* Pc )}
Where
C a = Coarse Aggregate Content
F a = Fine Aggregate Content
P f = Sand Content as percentage of total Aggregates = 0.36
P c = Coarse Aggregate Content as percentage of total Aggregates.
= 0.64
a 0 = Percentage air content in concrete (As per IS :10262 for 20 mm nominal size of
aggregates air content is 2 %) = 0.02
Hence, 1000(1-0.02) = {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(F a / 2.62 x 0.36)}
Fa = 642 Kg/ Cum
As the sand is of Zone II no adjustment is required for sand.
Sand Content = 642 Kg/ Cum
1000(1-0.02)= {(400 /3.15) + 172 +(C a / 2.67 x 0.64)}
Hence, Ca = 1165 Kg/ Cum
 Prestressing jack

For prestressing, mono strand stressing jack is used and pressure is

applied in a controlled way with the help of prestressing power pack.
Initially, a gradual pressure of about 5 kg/cm 2 is applied.

anchorage bursting when prestressing is applied and also to check

anchorage slip. The perimeter of the rod is then marked with paint and
then once the anchorage is known to be stable, the pressure is
increasing up to 430 kg/cm 2 .
 Jacks

Prestressing powerpack

Mono strandstressing jack

 Grouting
Grouting is done with the help of grout pump. The mixture of cement,
water and admixtures must be done under a strict mixing time and
velocity control and must not contain lumps nor any air bubbles during
injection into the ducts
 EQUIPMENTS :-
T6Z-08 Air Powered Grout Pump
Pumps cement grout only, no sand. 32 Gallon Mixing
Tank. Mixes up to 2 sacks of material at once and allows
for grout to be pumped during mixing or mixed without
pumping.

Approximate size 50" long

30.5" high
52" wide

Weight 560 lbs.

Production Rate 8 gallons per

minute
at 150 psi
ADVANTAGES OF POST-TENSIONING
Longer clear spans

Thinner slabs

Lesser floor-to-floor heights

Shorter building height

Lesser weight

Improved seismic performance

Faster construction cycle

 Conclusions
Prestressed concrete offers great technical advantages in comparison with
other forms of construction such as reinforced concrete and steel. They
possess improved resistance to shearing forces, due to the effect of
compressive prestress, which reduces the principles tensile stress

Prestressing of concrete helps in improving the ability of the material for

energy absorption under impact loads. The economy of prestressed concrete
is well established for long span structures. Standardized precast bridge
beams between 10m and 30 m long and precast prestressed piles have
proved to be more economical than steel and reinforced concrete.

Due to utilization of concrete in the tension zone, an extra saving of 15 to 30%

in concrete is possible in comparison with reinforced concrete
Thank You!