Biology Investigatory Project

Effects of Fertilisers, Manure and Polythene

Asm,,c sc ,s c. . c.sssson therate of elongation of the Hypocotyl

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SHAHBAN ALIof Class XII

Science has prepared the investigatory chemistry

project entitled To Study the digestion of starch

by salivary amylase and effect of temperature

and pH on it. The report is the result of his efforts &

endeavors.

The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project

report for the subject Chemistry of Class XII. He has

prepared the report under my guidance.

(Mr. S.P. Gupta)

PGT (Chemistry)

Department of Chemistry

Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria.

 Department of Chemistry

Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria

CERTIFICATE

The investigatory project entitled

To Study the digestion of starch by

salivary amylase and effect of

temperature and pH on it

Submitted by SHAHBAN ALI ofClass XII

Science for the C.B.S.E Senior Secondary

Examination

class

XII

of

Chemistry

Practical at Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria

has been examined.

SIGNATURE OF

EXAMINER
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work

entitled

To Study the digestion of starch

by salivary amylase and effect of

temperature and pH on it,

submitted toDepartment of

Chemistry, Kendriya Vidyalaya

Khagaria is prepared by me.

SHAHBAN ALI

Class XII

Science
 ACKNOWLEDGEME

NT

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude to my

project guide Mr. S.P. GuptaSir for guiding me immensely through the

course of the project. He always evinced keen interest in my work. His

constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the

successful completion of this project.

My sincere thanks go to Shri Yeshdeep Rohilla, Our principal sir,

for his co-ordination in extending every possible support for the

completion of this project.

I also thanks to my parents for their motivation & support. I must

thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for compilation

of this project.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had

Helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.

SHAHBAN ALI
 Class: XII Science

CONTENTS

1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.

11.

CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 ..

Selection

The given topic was selected by me as I

found this to be achallenging task to

complete and also very important

knowledge to gain from it. It is nowadays

noticed that in the pollution is increasing

in our environment, and it is extremely

important for all of us to know its effects

on ourselves and the naturalsurroundings.

Plants are the only source to purify our

atmosphere and provide food to this

world. Even the carnivorous animals are

 indirectly dependent on plants for their

food.

It is very important for us to know the

best way of living in this universe without

harming

it

and

ultimately

living

peacefully. Therefore, I have selected this

topic as my project as it gives the

answers to my questions.

Contents

1)

Objective...................................................

.........

2)

Introduction...............................................

........
 3) Materials

acquired.

4)

Methodology

5)

Observation

6)

Graph

..

7)

Results

8) Data

Analysis

..

9)

Conclusion

..
 10)

Recommendation

..

11)

Bibliography

Objective

Main Objective: - To study the effect

of fertiliser, manure and polythene

on the growth of the hypocotyl of a

seed.
 Specific

Objective:Through

continuous

observation

of

the

growth of plants in fertiliser, manure

and polythene the most suitable soil

conditions for a typical plant can be

observed. By observing such soil

conditions, the productivity and

growth of plants can be checked.

Introduction

Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna

radiata (greengram) accessions with

black seed coat, but were absent in

cultivars having green seed coat. Vigna

mungo (blackgram) had only one of them.

The same 3 anthocyanins were found in

cultivars with purple red hypocotyl of

 Vigna radiata accessions but were absent

in the ones with green hypocotyls.Vigna

mungo with purple red hypocotyls

showed

the

presence

of

two

anthocyanins. One common to both was

identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside and

the

other

is

probably

cyanidin-3glucoside. Among the two accessions of

Vigna radiata varsublobata examined,

one was similar to Vigna radiata

accessions with black seed coat having

delphinidin-3-glucoside and two other

anthocyanins, while the other resembled

Vigna mungo having only delphinidin-3glucoside in seed coat and both

delphinidin and cyanidin-3-glucosides in

hypocotyl. Chlorophyll content of the seed

coats was in the following decreasing

order: green, black, brown and yellow.

 Materials

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Pots- 3

Gram seeds 10-12

Fertiliser

Manure

Polythene
 6)

7)

Beaker

Soil

Methodology

During the Making of this project, the

following steps were followed: Pots, gram seeds, along with fertiliser,

manure and polythene and other

materials were brought and the pots

were prepared to be sown.

 Seeds were planted and watered.

Fertiliser was added to the first pot,

named as Pot A. Observations were

recorded for that day.

Manure was added to the second pot,

named as Pot B the next day.

Polythene was added to the third pot,

named as Pot C the following day,

and regular observations were made.

Watering and regular observation was

being taken for 27 days.

After the observation of plants and

their

growth,

observation

was

compiled and data analysis was made.

Conclusion was drawn from the data

analysis for the three cases of planted

gram seeds.

Observations

Observations were recorded regularly for

27 days and the following data was

gathered:Number of seeds planted in

 1)

2)

3)

DAY 1

S. No.

Pot A- 4

Pot B- 5

Pot C- 3

Length of Hypocotyl (in cm)

POT B(Manure)

POT C(Polythene)

1.

POT

A(Fertiliser)

2.

1
 3.

4.

(not germinated)

DAY 2

5.

6.

7.

8.

Not germinated

5
11

10.

11

11.

15

12.

10
 5

Died

20

18

16

20

11

23

24

25

12

22

20

18

14

23

25
17

25

DAY 3

9.

DAY 8

DAY 9

DAY
10

15

23

22

20

15

25

25

29

24

18

15

Died

25

19

30

24

Died
24

Died

Died

18

16

25

20

25

32

25

16

20

Died

Died

32

Died

Died
17

21

35

Died

Died

37

Died

DAY

15

DAY

16

DAY

18

DAY

19
 DAY

27

There are some gaps in the

observation as the school was closed

during that time and I am unable to

record the observations.

Graph

180

160

140

120

Day 27

Day 19

100

Day 18

Day 16

Day 15

Day 10

80

Day 9

Day 8

Day 3

Day 2

60
 40

20

Day 1
 Data Analysis

According to the above observations, the

following analysis was made:

Due to access of fertiliser, some

plants in POT A died.

Due to lack of water for some

continued days, some plants had

dried.

Seeds germinated in POT C died

soon because of polythene present in

the pot, which hampered their proper

absorption of nutrients.

Plants in POT B were best grown in

height and persisted for a long time.

Growth of plants planted in POT A

was medium all over and can be

considered as average.

Water consumption by the gram

seeds was considerably low.

 Conclusion

From the above data analysis, following

conclusions can be drawn: Access of fertiliser can be harmful for

germinating seeds. However, if used in

an appropriate amount, fertilisers can

be beneficial for plants.

Growth of plants can be observed

best in manure, as it is a natural

extract, and can supply better quality

of nutrients to the plants.

Presence of polythene is harmful for

plants, and it hampers the pathway for

the plants absorption of nutrients.

Therefore, it can be concluded that

pollution can be very harmful to the

natural environment and, ultimately it

affects the humans.

Lack

of

water

is

extremely

undesirable when plants or trees are

 growing, as water is an essential part

of their nutrition and is important in

the developmental process.

Recommendation

Through the observations recorded and

conclusion drawn from the collected data,

it is clear that, planters should use

manure the most in amount for the

proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are

also extremely useful for the growth of

plants, but, if used in excess amount,

then it can be harmful for the plants.

Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used

should be checked. Also pollutants, such

as polythene, should be removed from

the planting area, as these pollutants are

harmful for the growth of plants and

hampers their proper elongation. Also,

regular watering is an essential criterion

for growing plants, because this provides

them with necessary elements and

 compounds for photosynthesis. At the

same time, excess of water should not be

provided to the plants, because of the

probability of contamination.

Bibliography

1) Ask.com

2) http://repository.ias.ac.in/

3) Class- 11th Biology Text

Book(NCERT)