What is an 'excavated tank' or 'farm dam'?

An excavated tank is an earth structure on near-level land used to store water, in which part
of the storage capacity is below ground level. On sloping land, the tank is often called a
hillside dam or just a farm dam. The excavation can be rectangular or square with three or
four walls or circular. The information below does not cover gully-wall dams, flat batter
dams or turkey nest dams.

The following guidelines are for rectangular, square and circular excavated tanks that do not
require a civil engineer.

Tampungan yang digali adalah struktur tanah di dekat lahan yang digunakan untuk
menyimpan air, yang mana sebagian kapasitas penyimpanan berada di bawah permukaan
tanah.

How farm dams are used

Farm dams are used:

where filling is from a natural or improved catchment (grade banks or roaded catchment)
where the front wall of the structure is open or continuous with piped inlets
for supplying single paddocks or drought-proofing whole farms
for livestock water supplies
for crop spraying water
for domestic use on-farm
for fire-fighting water supplies
for aquaculture.

Dimana pengisian berasal dari tangkapan alami atau yang lebih baik

di mana dinding depan struktur terbuka atau menerus dengan pintu masuk air

untuk persediaan air ternak

untuk tanaman penyemprotan air

untuk keperluan rumah tangga

untuk persediaan air pemadam kebakaran

untuk kehidupan di air

How farm dams work

Farm dams are most effective at holding water when the base and inside walls of the dam are
sealed with clay of low permeability to minimise leakage, and when catchments are improved
to increase and collect run-off. In many agricultural areas of Western Australia (WA), run-off
from crop land and pasture is not adequate to reliably fill farm dams. Run-off can be
improved by using grade banks and roaded catchments.
Bendungan peternakan paling efektif untuk menampung air ketika dasar dan dinding dalam
bendungan disegel dengan tanah liat permeabilitas rendah untuk meminimalkan kebocoran, dan bila
daerah tangkapan air ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan dan mengumpulkan air hujan. Di banyak
daerah pertanian di Australia Barat (WA), run-off dari lahan pertanian dan padang rumput tidak
memadai untuk mengisi waduk peternakan dengan andal. Pelarian dapat ditingkatkan dengan
menggunakan penyimpanan berkualitas dan daerah tangkapan air.

Side roads or grade banks increasing water harvesting into a farm dam

Conditions where these guidelines apply

on gently to moderately sloping land, for excavated tanks and hillside dams in
agricultural and pastoral areas
anywhere there is a requirement for initial or additional water supplies
near to, but clear of, streams, creeks and rivers; positioned so that the overflow from
the structure can be safely diverted to a stream, creek and river
where a natural or improved (roaded) catchment is of sufficient area to fill the farm
dam.

Kondisi dimana pedoman ini berlaku

di lahan yang landai dengan lembut ke atas, untuk tangki galian dan bendungan di lereng bukit di
daerah pertanian dan pastoral

dimanapun ada kebutuhan untuk persediaan air utama atau tambahan

dekat, tapi bersih dari, sungai, anak sungai dan sungai;

di mana daerah tangkapan alami atau yang diperbaiki (jalan) adalah area yang cukup untuk
mengisi bendungan pertanian.

Types of dams
Rectangular or square excavated tanks with three or four walls

These are the most common type of farm dams in the agricultural areas of WA. Excavated
tanks need to be constructed of clay or have a clay lining that is 0.7 to 1.0m thick. A three-
walled excavated tank is open at ground level on the uphill, and the excavated soil is used to
construct the three walls above ground with freeboard above the full supply level. Four-
walled and round excavated tanks optimise capacity and minimise siltation.

Rectangular atau square digali tank dengan tiga atau empat dinding. Ini adalah jenis
bendungan pertanian yang paling umum di daerah pertanian WA

Plan and cross section of a four walled dam with inlet and outlet pipes

Round excavated tanks

Round excavated tanks are used on flatter sites where shallow saline watertables may be
present. The base of the dam can be near ground level.

Tangki bulat digali digunakan di tempat datar dimana air garam dangkal mungkin ada. Dasar
bendungan bisa berada di dekat permukaan tanah.
A circular excavated tank with guiding wing banks and a silt trap.