FUEL AND EMISSIONS

PGM
What is PGM?
PGM-FI is an n-alpha mapped injection system. That means the
basic variables are the engine speed (n) and the throttle angle
(alpha). Based mainly on these two measurements, the system
looks to its fuel mapping for the fuel delivery figure
corresponding to the n-alpha of the moment.

ADVANTAGES
Less pollution
Easier diagnosis
Ideal fuel-air mixture
Cold start and warm up-phase of the Engine

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EFI SYSTEM

What is the EFI System?

An E.F.I. (Electronic Fuel Injection) is a combination of a fuel

injection with a computer that controls the parameters of it.

System which supplies fuel to the engine by means of an

injection control electronically in the intake ports without using
a carburetor.

ADVANTAGES
Great power of the motor
Less pollution
Quick cold start
Greater fuel distribution in each cyclinder.
Less and more durable components.

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IDLE CONTROL SYSTEM
What is IDLE Control System?
The inactive control system is used to stabilize the engine
speed during cold starts and after the operating conditions after
a warm-up period.Inactive speed stabilization is necessary due
to changes in engine work requirements.

An idle air control actuator or idle air control valve (IAC

actuator/valve) is a device commonly used in fuel-
injected vehicles to control the engine's idling
[1]
RPM. In carburettedvehicles a similar device known as an idle
speed control actuator is used.

The IAC actuator is an electrically controlled device, which gets

its input from the vehicle's ECU. The actuator is fitted such that
it either bypasses the throttle or operates the throttlebutterfly
valve directly. The actuator consists of a linear servo
actuator servomotor that controls a plunger which varies air
flow through the throttle body. The position of
the servomotor and hence the amount of air bypass is
controlled digitally by the engine ECU. This allows the engine's
idle speed to be maintained constant. The linear servo is most
commonly a combination of a DC motor, lead-screw and a
digital optical encoder.
There is essentially no difference in efficiency between the
technique of bypassing the throttle butterfly and operating the
butterfly itself. The IAC allows the ECU to maintain minimum
RPM irrespective of changes in engine load, sometimes
referred to as anti-stall feature. Thus the driver can more easily
move the car from stand-still by merely releasing the clutch
(manual transmission) or the brake (automatic transmission)
without having to simultaneously press the accelerator.
ADVANTAGES
Fuel saving
Control the air endering to the Engine
Less pollution
Lenghtens Engines life
Reducing of acustic
Allow better driving in cold weather.