April 17, 2004 Date of approval of RA 9292
date of appointment or until their
There are __________ Articles and
8, 43
__________ sections in the RA 9292.
Any person who shall violate any
provision of RA 9292 or any rules,
35 regulations, the Code of Ethics and the
Code of Technical Standards of Practice
is stated in section _________.
This act is was consolidation of House
RA 9292
Bill No. 5224 and Senate Bill No. 2683.
The chairperson of the PRC shall
include in the Commissions program
Sec 40 the implementation of RA 9292, the
funding of w/c shall be included in the
Annual General Appropriation Act.
According to section 43, RA 9292 shall
15 days, take effect __________ following its full
Official Gazette publication in the __________ or any
newspaper of general circulation.
JESUS P. Who among the following persons was
NAZARENO not a signatory of the 9292?
Appropriations Section 40 of RA 9292.
Be a citizen
and a resident
of the Which of the following is not true for the
Philippines for qualifications of Board Members of
5 consecutive Electronics Engineering?
yrs prior to his
appointment
All records of the Board, including
applications for the examination,
PRC
administrative cases involving PECE,
ECE and ECTs shall be kept by
3 years The members of the Board shall hold
office for a term of __________ from
successors shall have been appointed
and qualified and may be re-appointed
once for another term.
Section 7 states that the Board is
seal vested with the authority to: Adopt an
official __________ of the Board.
The compensation and allowances of
the Board is comparable to that being
Gen
received by the Chairman and members
Appropriations
Act of existing regulatory boards under the
Commission as provided for in the
__________.
Each member of the Board shall take
proper oath the/a __________ prior to the
assumption of office.
Not less than
Php100,000.00
nor more than
Php 1M or by How much or what fine is required for
imprisonment any person who shall violate any
of not less provision or any rules, regulations, the
than 6 months Code of Ethics and the Code of
nor more than Technical Standards of Practice
6 years, or promulgated under RA 9292?
both, in the
discretion of
the court
The Board and the __________ shall
Commission correct and rate the licensure
examination papers
well rounded According to section 2-Statement of
Policy, the state shall therefore develop
and nurture competent, virtuous,
productive, and __________ PECE,
 ECE, and ECTs
A candidate for Electronics Engineer or
Electronics Technician who obtains a
passing rating in the majority of the
subjects but obtains a rating in the other
subject/s below _________ percent but
70, 60
not lower than __________ percent,
shall be allowed to take one removal
examinations on the subject/s where
he/she failed to obtain the passing
rating.
Within __________ years after the
effectivity of RA 9292, the Board shall
issue Certificate of Registration and
Professional Identification Cards without
5 (five)
examination to all applicants for
registration as Electronics Technicians
who comply to all the requirements
stated in section 20.
With reference to prob 22, all
submittals/documents shall be
accompanied by a certification from
at least 3 __________ registered PECEs
vouching for the integrity, technical
capability and good moral character of
the applicant.
It is a method of managing all the
Quality
activities that affect the quality of goods
Assurance
or services in order to prevent faults.
This type of business organization can
be set up without any formality. It exist
Partnership when there are a number of people
involved who are part owners of the
business.
Benchmarking This process can be used to measure
achievement in Total Quality
Management (TQM) system. Also it
provides the essential control and
measure feedback loop necessary for
quality improvement
It is the process of attracting potential
Recruitement employees to the company so that the
selection process can be carried out.
It is the name given to any activity
Market undertaken by the organization with the
Research express purpose of gaining information
about potential customer
It is used when product are made singly
or in small batches. It happens when a
Job
small number of products are
Production
processed at each storage before going
on to the next stage.
It involves a voluntary association of
people, called members, who operate
Cooperatives an enterprise collectively. The aim of
this organization is not to make profit
but to give support to their members.
It is the
rational way to
ensure that our It is the rational way to ensure that our
limited time is limited time is always used effectively.
always used
effectively.
It is the maximum safe stress that a
working stress
material can carry
It is the point at which there is an
appreciable elongation of the material
Yield point
without any corresponding increase of
load
Axial forces This component measures the pulling
(or pushing) action perpendicular to the
 section
What is the theoretical maximum value
1/2 of Poissons ratio of any given material
subjected to a uniform triaxial stress.
These are components of the total
resistance to sliding the portion to one
Shear forces
side of the exploratory section past the
other.
Who first postulated that stress is
Robert Hooke
proportional to strain in 1678?
It explains combustion as a result of
Phlogiston
loss of a substance.
The volume of a definite quantity of dry
gas is inversely proportional to the
Boyles Law
pressure provided the temperature
remains constant.
It refers to matter that do not have
Amorphous
definite form or structure.
base Substance having a pH level less than 7
It is the enthalpy change associated
Lattice Energy with the condensation of gaseous
positive and negative ion into a crystal.
It is a product of the weathering of
clay complex silicates, particularly of
feldspars which are abundant minerals.
Electrons occupy all the orbitals of a
given subshell singly before pairing
Hunds rule
begins. These unpaired electrons have
parallel spins. This is known as:
This law states that at constant
Boyles Law temperature the volume of a sample of
gas varies inversely with the pressure.
It is the scattering of light by colloidal
Tyndall Effect
particles
It is customary to indicate accuracy by
significant
using a certain numbers of figures or
figures
digits.
carbon It is required for organic compounds.
Term used to denote the technology of
treating a mined ore to obtain a product
ore dressing higher on concentration of a wanted
mineral from the unwanted rock mass in
which it occurs.
It states that, "If a stress is placed on a
system on equilibrium whereby the
Le Chatelier's equilibrium is altered, that change will
Principle take place which tends to relieve or
neutralize the effect of the added
stress".
The energy possessed by a substance
Chemical
that allows it to be changed into a new
energy
substance.
If heat is absorbed by the system during
endothermic
a chemical change, it is called as:
Who determined the quantitative
relationship between the amount of
Michael
electricity used in electrolysis and the
Faraday
amount of chemical reaction that
occurs?
It is considered as derivatives of
ammonia in which one or more of the
Amines hydrogens have been replaced by the
alkyl or aryl group. It is characterized by
unpleasant odors.
Pyrex It is a borosilicate glass with a very low
coefficient of thermal expansion, hence,
 it's wide for cooking and serving
utensils.
It is a colorless solid capable of being
Diamond cut into brilliant crystals is the hardest,
must abrasive mineral known
It is the calculation of both energy
Stoichiometry balances and material balances in a
chemical system.
_________ involves the replacement of
Substitution one of the atoms or groups of atoms
Reaction attached to the carbon Backbone of
the organic molecule.
It is the Energy change accompanying a
Electronic
mole of electrons being added to a mole
Affinity
of a gaseous atoms or ions.
This Law states that if a process can be
written as the sum of several stepwise
processes, the Enthalphy change the
Hess Law
total process equals the sum of the
Enthalphy changes of the Various
Steps.
This process separates the components
of a mixture on the basis of differences
Filtration
in particle size. It is used most often to
separate a liquid from a solid.
It is defined as the pressure exerted by
Pascal a force of one newton acting on an area
of one square meter.
A covalent bond between two atoms
with different electronegativities, so that
Polar bond
the electron density is unsymmetrically
distributed.
Which element has the highest
Helium
ionization potential of its atom?
It is the minimum amount of radioactive
critical mass material needed to sustain a nuclear
chain reaction.
_________ states that a constant
Avogadros pressure and temperature, the volume
Law of a gas is directly proportional to the
number of moles present.
______ states that in the addition of
polar reagents to alkenes, the positive
Markovnikous
portion of the reagents adds to the
rule
carbon atom in the double bond that
already has the most hydrogen atoms.
_______ are atoms that have
Nobles Gases completely filled ns and np subshells,
giving them great stability.
_______ states that the partial pressure
of a solvent over a solution is given by
Raoults Law the vapor pressure of the pure solvent
times the mole fraction of the solvent in
the solution.
The NTC has As provided in ACT 3846, the
already issued
construction of a radio station shall
a Permit to
construct. begin only when
it puts up its As provided in RA7925, a VAS provider
own network. needs to secure a franchise if
According to the code of ethics, if you
inform your are employed in a company and you
employer wish to engage in a business which
about it may compete with your company, the
most ethical thing to do is to
It occurs when a cutting action is
Direct shear applied as you would see with scissors,
tin snips, or punches.
 It occurs when a member carries a load
Bending stress perpendicular to its long axis while
being supported in a stable manner.
It is the internal resistance offered by a
unit area of the material from which a
stress
member from which a member is made
to an externally applied load.
The proportional limit is the value of
Proportional stress on the stress-strain diagram
limit curve at which the curve first deviates
from a straight line.
It is the value of stress on the stress-
strain curve at which the material has
Elastic limit deformed plastically; that is, it will no
longer return to its original size and
shape after removing the load.
It is the value of stress on the stress-
strain curve at which there is a
Yield point
significant increase in strain with little or
no increase in stress.
It is the highest value of apparent stress
Tensile point
on the stress-strain curve.
It is a measure of the stiffness of a
Modulus of material determined by the slope of the
elasticity straight-line portion of the stress-strain
curve.
A ductile material is one that can be
stretched, formed, or drawn to a
significant degree before fracture. A
5%
metal that exhibits a percent elongation
greater than ____ % is considered to be
ductile.
Less than A brittle material is one that fails
suddenly under load with little or no
plastic deformation. A metal that
exhibits a percent elongation ____ 5.0%
is considered to be brittle.
Modulus of The ratio of shearing stress to shearing
rigidity strain is called:
It is the ability of a material to absorbed
Toughness
applied energy without failure
It is the indication of the resistance of a
Hardness
material to indentation by a penetrator.
It is a measure of pulling and pushing
Axial force
force.
It is the measure of the total resistance
Shear force
to sliding.
It is the measure of the resistance to
Torque
twisting.
It is the transfer of energy from the
more energetic particles of substance to
Conduction the adjacent less energetic ones as a
result of interactions between the
particles.
It indicates that the rate of heat
Fouriers Law
conduction in a direction is proportional
of Heat
Conduction to the temperature gradient in that
direction.
Which of the following is considered the
Diamond
best conductor of heat?
It is the mode of energy transfer
between a solid surface and the
convection adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion,
and it involves the combined effect
conduction and fluid motion.
radiation It is the energy emitted by the matter in
the form of electromagnetic waves as a
 result of the changes in the electronic Strobridge Equation of State?
configurations of the atom or molecules.
Benedict-
Which of the following equation of state
First law of It states that energy can neither be Webb-Rubin
Equation has eight constant?
thermodynami destroyed nor created; it can only
cs change forms. It is the energy possesses by the
In second law of thermodynamic, which system as a result of its elevation with
Potential
of the following state that no heat respect to the gravitational acceleration
engine can have a thermal efficiency of of the earth.
Kelvin Plank
100% or as far as power plant to It states that if two bodies are in thermal
Statement
operate, the working fluid must Zeroth law of
equilibrium with a third body, they are
exchange heat with the environment as thermodynami
cs also in thermal equilibrium with each
well as the furnace. other.
In second law of thermodynamic, which How many zeroes in the measurement
of the following state that no device can three
Clausius 0.00020040 are significant?
transfer heat from cooler body to a
Statement
warmer one without leaving an effect on Tarnishing Which of the following describes a
the surroundings. silver chemical change?
It is defined as the amount of light A homogenous mixture can be
Light efficacy output in lumens per W of electricity Filtration separated by all of the following
consumed. methods except
Carnot cycle is composed of how many Which of the following is not a pure
4 Milk
reversible processes? substance?
Two adiabatic ; Which of the following processes are Which of the following phase changes
Solid to gas
two isothermal involved in carnot cycle? represent sublimation?
State that the thermal efficiencies of all The amount of energy needed to
reversible heat engines operating change a given mass of ice to water at
Fusion
between the same two reservoirs are constant temperature is called the heat
Carnot
the same, and that no heat engine is of
principle
more efficient than a reversible one
operating between the same two Hydrochloric Which of the following is a binary
acid compound?
reservoirs.
Potassium
Vander Waals Which of the following equation of state An example of a ternary compound is
chlorate
Equation has two constants?
0 What is the charge of a hydrogen atom?
16 How many constant are there in
 The impossibility of knowing both the
Uncertainty precise location and velocity of
principle subatomic particle at the same time is
known as the
An atom which has the greatest ability
Oxygen
to attract electron is
If the volume of the mole of gas
Increase molecules remains constant, lowering
the temperature will make the pressure
Contain equal Whenever you have equal volumes of
number of gases at the same temperature and
particles pressure, the volume must
Dissolved
particles will The properties of solution include all of
settle out upon
the following except that
stirring
In optics, this effect refers to the blurring
of the image produced on a concave
spherical mirror due to the convergence of rays
aberration far from the mirror to other points on the
principal axis. What do you call this
effect?
In fluid mechanics, this shows that the
pressure of a fluid decreases as the
Bernoullis
speed of the fluid increases. In addition,
equation
the pressure of a fluid decreases as the
elevation increases.
In electrodynamics, what term refers to
drift speed the average speed of the charge
carriers?
microwaves In electromagnetics and wave theory,
what refers to waves, commonly
generated by electronic devices, whose
wavelengths ranges from approximately
0.3m to 10-4 m. Due to their short
wavelengths these are often used in
radar systems and for studying the
atomic and molecular properties of
matter.
The property of a substance which
remains constant if no heat enters or
leaves the system, while it does work or
entropy
alters its volume, but which increases or
diminishes should a small amount of
heat enter or leave.
The quantity of heat required to change
Specific Heat the temperature of unit mass through
one degree.
If the temperature of a given quantity of
gas is held constant, the volume of the
Boyles Law
gas varies inversely with the absolute
pressure during a change of state
An internally reversible process of a
isobaric substance during which the pressure
remains constant.
The energy stored in a substance by
virtue of the activity and configuration of
Internal Energy
its molecules and of the vibration of the
atoms within the molecules.
When two bodies, isolated from other
environment, are in thermal equilibrium
Zeroth Law with a third body, the two are in thermal
equilibrium with each other is a
statement of
Not all energy received as heat by a
2nd Law of
heat-engine cycle can be converted into
Thermodynami
cs mechanical work, some are also
rejected is a statement of
Law of This Law States that The quantity of
Conservation
 the substance entering the system is
of Mass equal to the substance leaving the
system
if the pressure of a given quantity of
gas is held constant, the volume of the
Charles Law
gas varies directly with the absolute
temperature
The Acceleration of a particular body is
directly proportional to the resultant
Newtons 2nd
force acting on it and inversely
Law of Motion
proportional to its mass is a statement
of
1st Law of Energy is neither created nor
Thermodynami destroyed, but is converted from one
cs form to another
These materials are hard and brittle,
insulative to electricity and heat, and
ceramics
very resistant to high temperatures and
harsh environments.
These materials have a large number of
non-localized electrons, as an effect are
very good conductors of electricity and
metals
heat. They are strong yet deformable,
and extensively used in structural
applications.
Materials composed of more than one
material type and are designed to
composites display a combination of the best
characteristics of each component
material.
A material whose atomic arrangement
crystalline occurs as periodic, repeating structures
over large distances.
allotrope An elemental solid having a different
crystal structure, usually due to the
prevailing temperature and pressure.
This metal is alloyed with steel to give it
chromium corrosion resistance properties,
resulting in stainless steel.
This element is used in modern, super
neodymium strong permanent magnets because of
their high coercivities.
The deterioration of an engineered
material due to interaction with diverse
corrosion
environments which lead to the
degradation of its material properties.
A phenomenon that occurs for large
reverse voltages across a pn junction
Avalanche
where the free electrons are
effect
accelerated to such high speeds that
they can dislodge valence electrons.
A graph showing the gain or phase
Bode plot performance of an electronic circuit at
various frequencies.
Bulk What do you call the ohmic resistance
resistance of the semiconductor?
The metaphor used to describe the
Crowbar action of an SCR when it is used to
protect a load against supply.
A value that tells you how much to
reduce the power rating for each degree
Derating factor
above the reference temperature given
on the data sheet.
It is the process of adding impurity
Doping element to an intrinsic semiconductor to
change its conductivity.
Hard A condition where the transistor is
 operating at the upper end of the load
saturation line with a base current that is one-tenth
of the collector current.
The pattern appearing on an
Lissajous oscilloscope when harmonically related
pattern signals are applied to the horizontal and
vertical inputs.
A connection of two transistors
Latch connected with positive feedback to
simulate the action of a thyristor.
It refers to the average amount of time
Life time between the creation and recombination
of a free electron and a hole.
A filter that blocks a signal with at most
Notch filter
one frequency.
A term use to describe the death of
Oscillation
amplification.
The voltage that provides the border
between the ohmic region and the
Pinch off
constant current region of a depletion-
voltage
mode device when the gate to source
voltage is zero.
A basic circuit that a designer can
Prototype
modify to get more advanced circuits.
Schmitt trigger It is a comparator with hysteresis.
Which of the following special purpose
Schottky diode
diode doesnt have depletion layer?
It is define as a large initial current that
Surge current
flows through the diode of a rectifier.
It is defined as a four-layer
Thyristor semiconductor device that acts as a
latch.
It is the value of the input voltage that
Trip point
switches the output of a comparator.
It is a device that acts like two back-to-
Varistor
back-zener diodes.
What do you call a thin slice of crystal
Wafer used as a chassis for integrated
components.
High field
What is the other term for zener effect?
emission
Schottky diode It is sometimes called hot-carrier diode.
A network that employ diodes to remove
away a portion of an input signal without
clipper
distorting the remaining part of the
applied waveform
Atom with four valence electrons is
Tetravalent
called ____.
The term applied to any semiconductor
material that has been carefully refined
to reduce the number of impurities to a
Intrinsic
very low-essentially as pure as can be
made available through modern
technology.
J. Thompson Who discovered electrons in 1897?
What is the typical energy gap of silicon
1.1eV
semiconductor?
Which of the following semiconductor
Germanium material is sensitive to temperature
change?
It occurs when a conduction-band
Recombination electron loses energy and falls back into
a hole in the valence band.
Boron Which of the following is not a
 pentavalent atom? right corner?
Thermally It is a digital circuit that adds two bits
produced
How does minority carriers produced?
Full adder and an input carry to produce a sum
and an output carry.
Reversed It is an extremely small amount of
saturated current that exists in a reverse biased Which of the following is the invalid
current diode. S=1; R=1
state for RS flip flop?
What is the typical reverse saturated Toggle In T flip flop, T stands for:
10pA
current of a silicon diode?
How many flip-flop/s is/are need to
What is the typical range of reverse 2 produce 2kHz frequency from 8kHz
50-1kV
breakdown voltage of silicon diode? input?
The time required for the minority A flip-flop is in the toggle condition
Storage time carriers to return to the majority carrier J=1; K=1
when:
state in the opposite material.
How many flip-flops are needed to
Field 4
produce 4-bit asynchronous counter?
programmable What does FPGA stands for?
gate array How many flip-flops are needed to
4 produce modulus-12 asynchronous
01001101 Find the 2s complement of 10110010. counter?
Convert the binary number 11000110 to What do you call the number of unique
10100101
gray code Modulus states through which a counter will
Which of the following can be used as sequence?
NAND
universal gate? ripple counters Asynchronous counters are known as:
A logic gate that produces a HIGH the actual
XOR output only when its two inputs are at number of
opposite levels. The modulus of a counter is
states in its
sequence
The complement of a sum of variables
De Morgans
Theorems
is equal to the product of the Three cascaded modulus-10 counters
1000
complements of the variables. have an overall modulus of
F=ABC+ABC+ Which of the following expression is in The terminal count of a modulus-13
ABC 1100
standard SOP form? binary counter is
1010 In a 4 variable K-map, what is the fluorescence A type of luminescence where the
binary value for the cell in the lower visible light is emitted only during the
 stimulation of the phosphor.
Radiation doses in the range of
Hematologic
approximately 200 to 1000 rad produce
syndrome
the
Ratio of incident to transmitted radiation
Bucky factor through a grid ratio of patient dose with
and without grid
Who completes the development of first
Hounsfield computed tomographic (CT) scanner
(EMI, Ltd.) in 1973?
It is the study of the response of an
sensitometry
image receptor to x-rays
contrast
Ratio of radiographic contrast with a
improvement
factor grid to that without a grid
Analysis of persons irradiated
therapeutically with superficial x-rays
600 rad has shown that the skin erythema dose
required to affect 50% of persons so
irradiated is about
ECG recording requires a bandwidth of
100
0.05 to ____ Hz
Systole Period during which heart contracts.
sphygmomano Apparatus for measuring blood
meter pressure
It was first noted by Heinrich Hertz in
1887 and won Albert Einstein the Nobel
Prize in 1905. It refers to the emission
Photoelectric
effect
of electrons from a clean metallic
surface (phototube) when
electromagnetic radiation (light waves
or X-rays) falls onto that surface.
Roentgen Unit of radiation exposure or amount of
X-ray radiation that will produce
2.08x10^9 ion pairs per cubic
centimetre of air at standard
temperature and pressure (STP).
An optical electronic device that
colorimeter measures the color concentration of a
substance in solution.
phonocardiogr
aphy
Recording of heart sounds
electrodermog Recorder for measuring galvanic skin
raph resistance
It consists of 36 unique codes
code 39 representing the 10 digits and 26
uppercase letters
The first fixed- length character code
Baudot Code developed for machines rather than for
people
The early pioneer in the development of
Richard W.
error-detection and correction
Hamming
procedures
The most reliable convolutional coding
CRC
scheme for error detection
Inaccuracies caused by the
quantizing representation of a continuously varying
errors quantity as one of a number of discrete
values.
Circuit for digitizing voice at a low data
vocoder rate by using knowledge of the way in
which voice sounds are produced
A coding scheme that records the
delta
change in signal level since the
modulation
precious sample
either (a) Distortion created by using too low a
aliasing or (b)
sampling rate when coding an analog
foldover
distortion signal for digital transmission
The thick coaxial cable implementation
10 Base 5
of standard Ethernet
A bit pattern or a character added to the
Flag beginning and the end of a frame to
separate the frames
51.84 Mbps What is the bit rate of STS 1?
4B/5B A block coding technique in which four
Encoding bits are encoded into a five bit code
A national standards organization that
ANSI
defines standards in the United States
In asynchronous transmission, one or
stop bit more bits to indicate the end of
transmission
What is the overhead (number of extra
1.368 Mbps
bits) in the DS-3 service?
twice the
highest The minimum sampling rate according
frequency of a to Nyquist Theorem
signal
It is used in wireless applications in
which stations must be able to share
spread
spectrum
the medium without interception by an
eavesdropper and without being subject
to jamming from a malicious intruder
An error detection method which uses
Checksum
ones complement arithmetic
It is a connecting device between two
gateway
internetworks that use different models
jitter It is an undesired shift or width change
in digital bits of data due to circuitry
action which causes bits to arrive at
different times
In PCM system, it is the ratio of the
maximum input voltage level to the
Dynamic range
smallest voltage level that can be
quantized
An address space is the total number of
addresses used by the protocol, such
2128
as IPv4 and IPv6. What is the address
space of IPv6?
It is a standard designed by ITU to allow
telephones in the public telephone
H.323
network to talk to computers/terminals
connected to the internet
Combination of compression at the
Companding transmitter and expansion at the
receiver of communications system.
A device launches or receives a wave in
directional
a transmission line or waveguide in one
coupler
direction only.
A type of linear-beam microwave tube
klystron that uses velocity modulation of the
electron beam
A series of pulses in which the
amplitude of each pulse represents the
PAM
amplitude of the information signal at a
given time.
Combination of compression at the
Companding transmitter and expansion at the
receiver of communications system.
A device launches or receives a wave in
directional
a transmission line or waveguide in one
coupler
direction only.
 A type of linear-beam microwave tube neutrons
klystron that uses velocity modulation of the
Of the following substances the most
electron beam air
conductor is
_______________ is used to position
electromotive
TDM samples of the different message The volt is the standard unit of
force
signals in non-overlapping time slots.
Which of the following antenna types is
A ___________ is similar to a phasor Zepp antenna
constellation not designed for transmitting at 10 Ghz
diagram except that the entire phasor is
diagram
not drawn. The type of radio wave responsible for
Direct Wave long distance communications by
It was the first fixed length character multiple skips is the:
Baudot Code
code.
Line of sight communications is not a
It involves transmitting each character HF
Redundancy factor in which frequency range?
twice.
It refers to the rate of change of a signal
The __________ provides the on the transmission medium after
mathematical justification for using a Baud
encoding and modulation have
Gaussian Process as a model for a occurred.
Central Limit large number of different physical
Theorem phenomena in which the random It was the first fixed-length character
variable, at a particular instant of time, Baudot Code code developed for machines rather
is the result of a large number of than people.
individual random events.
A receiver-transmitter station used to
A set of communication facilities increase the communications range of
Repeater
Asynchronous allowing direct access to 64kpbs data VHF, UHF and microwave signals is
transfer mode streams (or multiples of) for drop and called a(n):
(ATM) insert. A form of cell relay, supports B-
ISDN. It represents the simplest whole number
empirical
formula
ratio of the various types of atoms in a
A series of pulses, in which the timing of compound.
Pulse Position
each pulse represents the amplitude of
Modulation It is a term that is often misunderstood
the information signal at a given time.
Baud and commonly confused with bit rate
Variation in received field strength over (bps)
Fading time due to changes in propagation
conditions. Defined as the optimum level of a test
transmission
level point
tone on a channel at same point in a
the number of The atomic weight of an element is communication system.
protons and approximately determined by
 Duplicating each data unit for the The computers that hold shared files,
redundancy purpose of detecting errors is a form of programs and the network operating
error detection called ___________. Servers system. They also provide access to
network resources to all the users of the
What is the device that converts energy network.
transducer
from one form to another?
It is defined by the ITU-T as a service
It may be defined as any undesired Broadband that provides transmission channels
Electrical
voltages or currents that ultimately end ISDN capable of supporting transmission
noise
up appearing in the receiver output. rates greater than the primary data rate.
Microwaves are frequencies above It is the only error-correction scheme
1
_____ GHz. that actually detects and corrects
Forward Error
FCC (Federal transmission errors when they are
The government agencies that Correction
Communicatio received without requiring a
regulates radio communications in the
ns transmission.
Commission) US is the ________.
This OSI Layer is responsible for
High-pass A wave guide acts a/an _______ filter network availability, data storage and
Session layer
processor capacity. It also determines
Coax is not used beyond frequencies of
6 the type of dialogue available.
about ______ GHz.
It is often defined as the loss incurred
Voice, video, Data Communications refers to the
by an electromagnetic wave as it
computer data transmission of ________. free space
propagates in a straight line through a
path loss
It is often used to compare the vacuum with no absorption or reflection
bandwidth of energy from nearby objects.
performance of one digital modulation
efficiency
technique to another.
What do you call the accumulation of
It is the process of converting an infinite additional sounds such as wind, street
ambience
quantization number of possibilities to a finite noise, other voices that contribute to
number of conditions. what the listener hear?

It is another relatively simple form of It is a single transmission path from

redundancy error checking where each hop transmitter to receiver with line of sight
Checksum
character has a numerical value range.
assigned to it.
It is defined by the average rate at
It is a modulation and multiplexing intensity which energy is carried out per unit
Spread technique that distributes the signal and area.
spectrum its sidebands over a very wide the frequency What happens to the frequency of the
bandwidth. of the wave
stays the same wave and to its wavelength when a
while the sound wave produced in one medium
wavelength enters another medium with a different
changes. speed?
10 What is the pH level of toilet soap?
The process of combining multiple
audio mixing
audio signals into one track is called?
The speed of sequence of musical
tempo
notes is called?
If the frequency of a sound is increased,
increases
what will happen to its pitch?
A type of microwave protection system
Hot Standby where each working channel has a
dedicated back up or spare channel.
A method of nonspontaneous lysing
(splitting) of a substance by the input of
electrolysis electrical energy, and is often used to
decompose a compound into its
elements.
Also known as Pin 21 of the RS-232
interface on D connector, this
connection allows signals to be
signal quality transmitted from the DCE to the
detector attached DTE whenever there is a high
probability of an error in the received
data due to the quality of the circuit
falling below a predefined level.
It is the electrostatic forces of attraction
ionic bonding
between oppositely charged ions.
______ which means that 2 or more bits
burst error
in the data unit have changed?
It is a four-wire Gigabit Ethernet
1000 Base-T
implementation.
It is a digital process that allows several
TDM connections to share the high
bandwidth of a link.
IEEE 802.11 is define in which MAC
PCF and DCF
sublayer?
It is the oldest microwave tube design
which is commonly used in radar
Magnetron transmitters where they can generate
peak power levels in the megawatt
range.
A modulation process wherein both
ASK frequency and phase remains constant
while the amplitude changes.
It is the most powerful redundancy
cyclic
redundancy checking technique which is based on
check binary division.
What do you call the element with
Semiconductor electrical properties between those of
an insulator and a conductor?
It is the term applied to any method of
extinguishing a debt, principal and
amortization
interest, by a series of payments,
usually at equal intervals.
In pulse-code modulation, it translates
encoder the quantized samples into digital code
words.
It is an error detection technique in
vertical which a redundant bit is appended to
redundancy every data unit so that the total number
check of 1s in the unit (including the parity bit)
becomes even.
Star A local area network topology in which
the individual terminal, microcomputers
or workstations are connected directly
 to a central computer.
The only way to achieve high data rates
with a narrowband channel is to
quadrature
increase the number of bits per symbol,
amplitude
modulation the most reliable way to do this is to use
a combination of amplitude and phase
modulation known as _________.
Telephone switch that connects only to
tandem office other switches, and not to individual
customers.
It is a form of digital modulation similar
to PSK except the digital information is
QAM
contained in both amplitude and the
phase of the transmitted carrier.
The most common circuit used for
PLL
demodulating binary FSK signals.
A network topology in which data
ring circulates from one computer to the
next in sequence.
What frequencies would be generated
852 Hz and
by a telephone using DTMF signalling,
1336 Hz
when the number 8 is pressed?
It is a means of transmitting data by
PSK shifting the phase angle of the
transmitted signal.
The name given for a set of standards
for communicating among computers in
which the primary purpose is to serve
OSI
as a structural guideline for exchanging
information between computers,
workstations and networks.
Crosstalk Any transmission system which
conveys more than one signal
simultaneously can experience this type
of interference due to the reception of
portions of a signal from one channel in
another channel.
What type of digital modulation scheme
FSK uses two or more different output
frequencies?
It is an error-correcting code used for
Hamming
correcting transmission errors in
Code
synchronous data streams.
A suite of protocols that allows a wide
TCP/IP variety of computers to share the same
network.
atmospheric Noise that is primarily caused by
noise lightning. Often called as Static Noise.
A modulation technique in which the
frequency of the modulated signal
AM
varies with the amplitude of the
modulating signal
Is a form of constant amplitude angle
modulation similar to standard
frequency modulation except the
FSK modulating signal is a binary signal that
varies between two discrete voltage
levels rather than a continuously
changing analog waveform.
The highest layer in the hierarchy and is
Application analogous to the general manager of
layer the network by providing access to the
OSI environment.
I=ktB What is the equation for Hartleys Law?
Network topology wherein individual
terminals, microcomputers and
Star
workstations are connected directly to a
central computer.
 The loss of data that occurs when two
collision stations transmit at the same time on a
network
A term used to describe a telephone
On hook instrument whose handset is on its
cradle, ready to receive a ring signal
The most commonly used digital
PCM
modulation scheme.
Simple form of redundancy error
checking where each character has a
numerical value assigned to it. The
Checksum
characters within a message are
combined together to produce an error
checking character.
Is an eight-bit fixed length character set
EBCDIC code developed in 1962 by the International
Business Machines Corporation.
The most commonly used digital
PCM
modulation scheme.
Designed to send characters of the
message with the specified bit rate but
asynchronous
without any fixed timing relationship
from one character to the next.
802.5 Token Ring Standard
It is the process of extracting a phase-
Carrier
coherent reference carrier from a
Recovery
receiver signal.
It is a potential problem whenever two
metallic conductors carrying different
Crosstalk
signals are located in close proximity to
each other.
threshold What is the termed refer as the rapid
effect degradation of output signal quality with
channel induced errors?
What was the first fixed-length
Baudot code character code developed for machines
rather than for people?
A source whose output satisfies the
condition of statistical independence
memoryless
among letters in the sequence is said to
be_____.
Handles error recovery, flow control
(synchronization), and sequencing
Data Link
(which terminals are sending and which
Layer
are receiving). It is considered the
media access control layer.
A MAC protocol for LANs, with stations
Token Ring connected topologically or logically in a
ring. Or the IEEE 802.5 LAN standard.
A network topology where each device
Star network is connected to a centre point and all
data is routed through that point.
A lasers use organic dyes enclosed in a
glass tube for an active medium, dye is
Liquid Lasers circulated into the tube with a pump. A
powerful pulse of light excites the
organic dye.
Codes that have a restriction on the
Run length
number of consecutive 1s or 0s in a
limited code
sequence.
Contains seven bytes (56 bits) of
alternating 0s and 1s that alert the
preamble receiving system to the coming frame
and enable it to synchronize its input
timing
Every letter was encoded into fixed
Baudot Code
length of binary code words of length 5.
 The composite signal that modulates
baseband
the FM carrier.
It is a simple means of error detection. It
parity involves the addition of one extra bit to
the bits that encode a character.
A data compression scheme that uses
fewer bits to represent more frequently
Huffman
occurring characters or bit patterns and
coding
more bits to represent those occur less
frequently.
Speed at which symbols are transmitted
Baud rate
in a digital communication systems.
It is the process of converting an infinite
Quantization number of possibilities to a finite
number of conditions.
It is the ratio of the largest possible
magnitude to the smallest possible
Dynamic
magnitude that can easily be decoded
Range
by the digital to analog converter in the
receiver.
It is the institution that developed the
ANSI ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Intertchange).
In early 1900s, he showed that any
Jean-Baptiste composite signal is a sum of a set of
Fourier sine waves of different frequencies,
phases and amplitudes.
It is an electronic device that is used for
modem computer communications through
telephone lines.
Harry Nyquist Showed mathematically that it is
possible to reconstruct a band-limited
analog signal from periodic samples, as
long as the sampling rate is at least
twice the frequency of the highest
frequency component of the signal.
In operation, many modern codecs
achieved compression by first encoding
the signals using a 12-bit linear PCM
Digital Signal
code, then converting the 12-bit linear
Processing
code into an 8-bit compressed code by
discarding some of the bits. This is a
simple example of:
Sampling of an analog signal using a
Flat-topped sample-and-hold circuit such that the
Sampling sample has the same amplitude for its
whole duration.
Message The basic building block of the FDM
Channel hierarchy.
Samuel F.B
Morse
Who invented the telegraph?
The simplest modulation technique,
Amplitude- where a binary information signal
Shift Keying modulates the amplitude of an analog
carrier.
Is the lowest Open System
Interconnection hierarchy and is
Physical Layer responsible for the actual propagation
of unstructured data bits (1s and 0s)
through a transmission medium.
Error-correction scheme that actually
Forward Error detect and corrects transmission errors
Correction when they are received without
requiring a retransmission.
It allows the overall complexity of the
system to be broken down into
Transparency
individual function layers- that operate
essentially by themselves.
 This are very useful pictorial
State
representations that clearly show the
Transition
Diagram protocol operations such as words or
conventional drawings.
Pair of wires that connects the central
Local loop
office to the users phone
Network that connects users who are in
LAN
the same general location
In operation, many modern codecs
achieved compression by first encoding
the signals using a 12-bit linear PCM
Digital Signal
code, then converting the 12-bit linear
Processing
code into an 8-bit compressed code by
discarding some of the bits. This is a
simple example of:
A balanced modulator that will used in
conjuction with a microwave generator,
Transmit power amplifier, and band-pass filter,
Modulator up-converts the IF carrier to an RF
carrier and amplifies the RF to the
desired output power.
The loss of data that occurs when two
collision stations transmit at the same time on a
network
Used to established a point to point
TCP
connection across a network.
Defines the rules of the conversation
network
the message passing among the
protocol
network users
Responsible for providing signals to the
SLIC loop sensing activity and sending phone
signals at the end of the loop
-48 The typical amount of voltage in dc use
in the battery of the central office with
respect to ground
A network that is composed of a smaller
WAN LAN that are closely link. It is needed
for areas spread out geographically
How many central office allotted for
1
each exchange?
It is a method of switching that provides
space
a separate physical path for each
switching
symbol
a flow of loop The central office detects a request for
current service from a telephone by:
The OSI Layer responsible for data
tracking as it moves through a network.
It controls and ensures the end to
Transport
end integrity of the data message
propagated through the network
between two devices.
The OSI Layer responsible for data
tracking as it moves through a network.
It controls and ensures the end to
Transport
end integrity of the data message
propagated through the network
between two devices.
It is used on long distance circuits, in
Echo
an effort to overcome echoes caused by
Suppressors
circuit imbalances.
A/an _______ is a range of frequency in
octave which the upper frequency is double the
lower frequency.
A small variable capacitance in parallel
trimmer with each section of ganged capacitor is
called _______.
1/10 How many wavelengths long are
 required for a pair of conductors to be
considered as a transmission line?
At exactly one-quarter wavelength, the
parallel-
short-circuited transmission line
resonant
behaves as a(an) ___________ circuit.
Which of the following is a flat
conductor separated by an insulating
microstrip dielectric from a large ground plane that
is usually one-quarter or one-half
wavelength long?
One complete revolution around a
Smith Chart represents _________
wavelengths.
A mismatched transmission line is also
resonant
referred to as a ___________ line.
It is the ratio of the speed of
velocity factor propagation on a line to that of light in
free-space.
Which of the following is the most
widely used UTP cable that can carry
CAT 5
baseband data at rates up to 100 Mbps
at a range up to 100m?
One of the advantages of DSB is the
the signal is
savings of great deal of power. Which of
difficult to
demodulate the following is the reason why it is not
widely used?
If the input in a transmitter is collector-
high-level
modulated, the system is called a
modulator
_______________________.
What circuit is used to return the
de-emphasis frequency response of a signal to its
normal, flat level?
companding It is the most common means of
overcoming the problems of quantizing
error and noise.
________________ means that the
characteristics and performance of an
antenna
antenna are the same whether the
reciprocity
antenna is radiating or intercepting an
electromagnetic signal.
Which of the following methods is used
top hat loading to lower the resonant frequency of a
shortened vertical antenna?
It is a phenomenon caused by any
end effect support insulators used at the ends of
the wire antenna.
Which of the following is not a reason
more cost- why most half-wave antennas are
effective mounted horizontally at low
frequencies?
The shape of the electromagnetic
radiation
energy radiated from or received by an
pattern
antenna is called the
Antennas that transmit an equal amount
omnidirectiona
of energy in the horizontal direction are
l
called
The ability of an antenna to send or
directivity receive signals over a narrow horizontal
directional range is referred to as
A basic antenna connected to a
transmission line plus one or more
parasitic array additional conductors that are not
connected to the transmission line form
a
An antenna made up of a driven
Yagi antenna element and one or more parasitic
elements is generally referred to as a
 Which antennas usually consist of two The distance
collinear or more half-wave dipoles mounted end between the
to end? satellite and Why does the downlink frequency
ground station appear to vary by several kHz during a
A stacked collinear antenna consisting is changing, low earth orbit satellite pass?
broadside causing the
of half-wave dipoles spaced from one
array Doppler effect
another by one-half wavelengths is the
When the characteristic impedance of The most ambitious LEO constellation
maximum Teledesic
the transmission line matches the to date is ______.
power transfer
will take place output impedance of the transmitter and A satellite-dish owner has a 3 meter
the impedance of the antenna itself, dish designed for C-band (4 GHz)
Gain increases
A one-quarter wavelength of coaxial or by 9.54 dB, operation. The owner wants to use the
balanced transmission line of a specific beamwidth same dish with a new feedhorn, for Ku-
a Q section impedance connected between a load decreases to band (12 GHz) satellites. What effect
and a source in order to match 1/3 of its will the change in frequency have on
former value. the gain and beamwidth of the
impedances is
antenna?
A signal propagated in a waveguide has
a full wave of electric intensity change What is the nominal uplink frequency for
14 GHz
TE20 between two further walls, and no the Ku band?
component of the electric field in the To cover all inhabited regions of the
direction of propagation. The mode is 1 earth, the number of polar-orbit
It is a microwave device that allows RF satellites required is
energy to pass through in one direction Two antennas have gains of 5.3 dBi and
isolator The second
with very little loss, but absorbs RF antenna has a 4.5 dBd, respectively. Which has a
power in the opposite direction. higher gain. greater gain?
A metal wrapped around the parabolic Hertz antenna A half-wave dipole is sometimes called:
shroud antenna aperture to eliminate sidelobes
interfering nearby stations is called between half-
An antenna's beamwidth is measured
power points
is greater than The wavelength of a wave in a
in free space waveguide _________. radio signals "Ground Effects" refers to the effects on
reflecting off an antenna's radiation pattern caused
Geostationary satellites are located at the ground by
00 latitude
____ with respect to the equator.
a shorted stub,
The quality of a space-link is measured An antenna can be matched to a feed
G/T an LC network,
in terms of the ______ ratio. a loading coil line using
the number of allocation of AM Radio Broadcasting is
As the length of a "long-wire" antenna is
lobes from
increases increased
Part of broadcasting in a day that refers
Log-Periodic nighttime to that period of time between 1000
LPDA stands for
Dipole Array period UTC to 2200 UTC. UTC stands for
a field-strength Field strength at a distance from an Universal Time Coordinates.
meter antenna is measured with An AM broadcast service area in which
A receiving antenna with a built-in primary groundwave field of 1mV/m (60dBu) is
active antenna service area not subject to objectionable interference
preamplifier
or objectionable fading.
The height above mean sea level of a
35,786 km satellite in a geosynchronous orbit In antenna mast or tower construction,
around Earth is: the required obstruction painting and/or
150 ft lighting must be imposed on mast or
latitude & The location of a satellite is generally tower more than from the ground
longitude specified in terms of level.
A point in the orbit of an object orbiting Regarding the design of AM antenna,
perigee the earth that is located closest to vertical what should be the polarization of the
Earth. radiator?
The outline of a communications As per Philippine standard, what is the
footprint satellite antenna pattern on the earth is minimum frequency separation in any
known as: 36 kHz
service area for adjacent AM radio
TDMA ( Time stations?
A satellite access technique where each
Division What is the maximum power allowable
Multiple
earth station transmits a short burst of
information during a specific time slot. for remote pick-up stations used as
Access) 35 W
broadcast auxillary services for AM and
azimuth & An earth station antenna look angle is FM broadcast stations?
elevation determined by :
What is the classification of an FM
An ITU radio communication standards Class B station having an ERP not exceeding
for satellite services which provides 30kW?
information on the range of frequencies
ITU-R S.1001-2 What is the modulation used for the
that can be used by fixed satellite
AM DSB SC stereophonic subcarrier of FM
service systems for emergency and
composite baseband signal?
disaster relief operations.
526.5 to 1705
What is the pilot subcarrier frequency
As per Philippine standard, frequency 19 kHz
kHz used in FM stereophonic transmission?
 Frequency allocation of FM broadcast in
88 108 MHz
the Philippines
What is the color TV system adopted by
NTSC
the Philippines?
Exact value of color subcarrier
3.579545
frequency (MHz) is
What is the maximum allowable ERPs
1 MW for channels 7 13 in Metro Manila and
Metro Cebu?
At NTSC standard, the number of lines
525
per frame = ________ lines/frame
Nominal RF bandwidth of NTSC TV
6 MHz
channel
A land mobile station used for the
transmission of TV program materials
TV Pick-up and related communications from the
station scenes of events occurring at remote
points from TV broadcast station
studios to TV broadcast station.
What is the mode of radio wave
propagation that utilized ionosphere as
sky wave
a medium of transmission and / or
reception of radio signals?
What is a diversity scheme that uses
space diversity two (2) separate antennas and
receivers for each single transmitter?
What is a diversity scheme that uses
frequency
two (2) different frequencies in a
diversity
simplex path?
The power density is inversely
Inverse Square proportional to the square of the
law distance from the source. This law is
known as
The lowest portion of the ionosphere
that is useful for long-distance
communication by amateurs; about 100
E
to 115 km above the earth is known as
the layer. This is often termed as the
Kennely-Heavyside layer.
A graph which shows the radiation in
actual field strength of electromagnetic
Radiation
fields at all points which are at equal
Pattern
distance from the antenna is known
as
A phenomenon on the surface of the
11-year sun with appearance and
sunspot disappearance of dark irregularly
shaped areas.
What should be done to increase the
increase
transmission distance at frequencies
antenna height
higher than HF bands?
electrical
properties of
Which of the following factors must be
the terrain,
antenna
considered in the transmission of a
surface wave to reduce attenuation?
polarization,
frequency
Identical telephone numbers in different
area codes parts of a country are distinguished by
their ___.
in erlangs Telephone traffic is measured ____.
In a cellular telephone system, each cell
repeater
site contains a ____.
the unit is When the signal from a mobile cellular
handed off unit drops below a certain level, what
to a closer cell action occurs?
cluster In a cellular telephone system, group of
 cells is called ___. Advanced
Mobile Phone In Cellular Radio, AMPS stand for:
In Cellular Telephone Systems, these Service
forward links are transmissions from base stations to
mobile units (Downlink) Base Station
In Cellular Radio, BSC stands for:
Controller
The typical voltage across a telephone
48 volts DC Mobile
when on-hook is: Switching In Cellular Radio, MSC stands for:
trunk lines Central offices are connected by: Center

occurs when traffic

channels
In GSM, voice channels are called:
the central
In telephony, call blocking is:
office capacity frequency
is exceeded hopping
In Mobile Communications, GSM uses:
twisted-pair The cable used for local loops in International
copper wire telephone system is mainly: Mobile In Mobile Communications, IMSI stands
Subscriber for:
697Hz,770Hz,8 In DTMF, the four vertical frequencies Identification
52Hz,941Hz are ____.
An acoustical phenomenon wherein the
1209Hz,
sound continues to persist after the
1336Hz,1477Hz In DTMF, the Horizontal frequencies are reverberation
,1633Hz cause of sound has stopped resulting in
repeated reflections is called
In Cellular Telephone Systems, these
reverse links are transmissions from mobile units to A type of microphone that uses the
base stations (Uplink) principle of a capacitor as a means of
transduction. It uses a polarizing
Condenser
high group In DTMF, the horizontal frequencies is voltage of between 9 and 48 V of DC
frequencies also known as supply applied to its diaphragm by an
external power supply.
low group In DTMF, the Vertical frequencies is
frequencies also known as A number from 0 to 1 representing the
Absorption
ability of a surface material to absorb
allow signals The bandwidth of voice-grade signals Coefficient
sound energy is known as
to be on a telephone system is restricted in
multiplexed order to: The difference in dB between the
dynamic range loudest level of sound and the softest
This is the highest-ranking office in the passage of sound is known as _
DDD network in telephony in terms of
regional center
the size of the geographical area served Critical The highest frequency that can be used
and the trunking options available. Frequency for skywave propagation between two
 specific points on earths surface. important when deciding between using
a diode laser or an LED?
Variation in signal loss caused by
fading
natural weather disturbances. In 1815, the correct explanation of
Fresnel
diffraction was given by
The height above the earths surface
virtual height from which a refracted wave appears to It is the central part of the optical
Optical Fiber
have been reflected communication system
The highest frequency that can be used The light energy that is always emitted
Critical Quanta
for skywave propagation between two or absorbed in discrete units
Frequency
specific points on earths surface.
Which of the following Ethernet fiber
10 Base-FB
Electromagnetic waves that are directed optic standard uses synchronous,
sky waves (Backbone)
above the horizon level. Centralized Clock?
The most common light used in fiber- It is a mixed, multiple-service standard
Infrared
optic links is FDDI - II to allow the transmission of voice and
video over an FDDJ network.
50 and 62.5 In the telecommunications industry, the
micron most commonly used fiber(s) are It is a layer of plastic that surrounds a
Buffer Tube
fiber or group of fibers
The abrupt change in refractive index
Step index from core to cladding of fiber-optic cable The angular separation between the
is called the Beamwidth two half-power points on the power
density radiation pattern.
Minimize the A technique that is used to minimize the
core diameter pulse dispersion effect is to Refers to the direction in space of
electric vector of the electromagnetic
Power Which is not an important characteristic Polarization
wave radiated from an antenna and is
consumption of a light detector? parallel to the antenna itself.
The dispersion of light in fiber-optic Placing a metallic array on the antenna
Waveguide
cable caused by a portion of the light effects to increase the current at the
dispersion
energy traveling in the cladding is called Top loading base of the antenna, and also to make
Distributed the current distribution more uniform.
feedback What is this called?
(DFB) and
Recent laser developments for fiber- What principle that states that the
vertical cavity
surface optic communication include Principle of properties of an antenna are
emitting reciprocity independent of whether it is used for
(VCSEL) transmission or reception.
Response time Which of the following considerations is Zoning This is often used to cure the problem
 of great thickness required of lenses
used at lower microwave frequencies or
for strong curved wavefronts.
A structure-generally metallic and
sometimes very complex-designed to
antenna provide an efficient coupling between
space and the output of a transmitter or
input to a receiver.
The ratio comparing the power density
generated by a practical antenna in
Directive gain some direction, with that due to an
isotopic antenna radiating the same
total power.
Any array that is directional at right
Broadside
angles to the plane of the array is said,
action
by inference, to have __________.
The ratio of the focal length to the
Aperture mouth diameter is called __________ of
the parabola, just as in camera lenses.
Corresponds to a resonant transmission
Resonant
line, and the dipole antennas describe
antenna
so far have been resonant.
In fiber optics, it is a measure of the
conversion efficiency of a
photodetector. It is the ratio of the
Responsivity
output current of a photodiode to the
input optical power and has the unit of
amperes per watt
A phenomenon also called stress
corrosion resulting if the glass fiber is
Static fatigue
exposed to long periods of high
humidity?
Plancks law The theory which states that when
visible light or high-frequency
electromagnetic radiation illuminates a
metallic surface, electrons are emitted.
The science of measuring only light
Photometry
waves that are visible to the human eye
The process of constructing an ILD that
Lasing is similar to LED except that the ends
are highly polished.
A phenomenon in optical fibers
communication system that is caused
Pulse
by the difference in the propagation
spreading
times of light rays that take different
paths down the fiber.
Equivalent temperature of a passive
noise
system having the same noise power
temperature
output of a given system.
The technique that uses the BPSK
vector relationship to generate an
DPSK output with logical 0s and 1s
determined by comparing the phase of
two successive data bits is
Quadrature
A special digital modulation technique
amplitude
that achieves high data rates in limited-
modulation
(QAM) bandwidth channels is called
Ionospheric FSK systems are much superior to two-
fading tone amplitude-modulation systems with
characteristics respect to
Using an oscilloscope to display
overlayed received data bits that
Eye pattern
provide information on noise, jitter, and
linearity is called a(n)
The type of radio transmission that uses
Spread
pseudorandomly switched
spectrum
transmissions is known as
Code-division Use 8-bit PCM
multiple- The acronym CDMA refers to code and
The AT&T T1 lines
access ________. include 24
systems voice channels
Orthogonal The ground wire in a USB cable is
Frequency The acronym OFDM refers to Brown
______.
Division ________.
Multiplexing A(n) ________ is used to allow a digital
modem signal to be transmitted on an analog
Using radio to transmit gathered data channel.
Radio
on some particular phenomenon without
telemetry
human monitors is known as The bit ________ is the amount of
energy power in a digital bit for a given amount
The acronym for the form of data of time.
transmission in which the modulating
FSK
wave shifts the output between two The relationship for bit rate to ________
predetermined frequencies is _____. Channel bandwidth is defined by the Shannon-
Hartley theorem.
Pseudorandom implies a sequence that
re-created can be _____ but has the properties of In an S/H circuit, the time that it must
Aperture time
randomness. hold the sampled voltage is
______ implies that both analog and Foldover
Error signals associated with the
Hybrid digital signals share the same channel distortion and
aliasing sampling process are called
bandwidth.
Telemetry may be defined as _____ A(n) ________ is a single LSI chip
Remote codec containing both the ADC and DAC
metering.
circuitry.
Pulse-
frequency Which is not a type of pulse The NRZ digital signal-encoding format
modulation modulation? dc has a ________ component in the
(PFM) waveform.
Noise PPM and PWM are superior to PAM ReedSolomon codes utilize a
characteristics systems in technique called ________ to rearrange
interleaving the data into a nonlinear ordering
A procedure that decides which device scheme to improve the chance of data
Line Control has permission to transmit at a given correction.
time is called
The electric field intensity is measured
The major difficulty faced by delta V/m
Slope overload in:
modulators is
 It is a result of an increase in the charge Characteristic impedance of a
polarization
density in dielectric materials. transmission line is the impedance
input
measured at the _______ when its
directivity It refers to the maximum antenna gain. length is infinite.
The maximum horizontal distance Which region of the ionosphere is
between the transmitter and the F layer mainly responsible for long-distance
radio horizon
receiver for line of sight propagation is night time communications?
known as:
rhombic Which is properly terminated antenna?
Typical mode of radiation of helical
end fire
antenna is: Occurs when the radio beam is at point
diffraction
of grazing over an obstacle.
The electric field is perpendicular to the
vertical
earths surface, the polarization is: 92.4 + 20log F A microwave communications system,
+ 20 log D space loss calculation formula is
MF (Medium In what major RF band is ground wave
Frequency) basically applied? Is an OSI Layer which is responsible for
providing error-free communications
standing wave A measure of mismatch in a Data Link layer
across the physical link connecting
ratio transmission line primary and secondary stations (nodes)
The highest frequency that can be set Is the ratio of the largest possible
critical
back to earth by the ionosphere, if wave magnitude to the smallest possible
frequency
is sent vertically upward. Dynamic range
magnitude that can be decoded by the
Travel in a straight line from the digital-to-analog converter.
space wave transmitting antenna to the receiving Is a PCM system which uses a single
antenna. Delta
bit PCM code to achieve digital
modulation
they are very VLF waves are for some types of transmission of analog signals.
reliable services because Is a redundancy error detection scheme
It is the distance between two wave Longitudinal that uses parity to determine if a
wavelength fronts having the same phase at any redundancy transmission error has occurred within a
given instant. check message and is sometimes called
message parity.
It is a piece of transmission line which is
stub Is an n-bit data register inside the UART
normally short-circuited at the far end. Status Word
that keeps track of the UARTs transmit
register
The characteristic impedance of a and receive buffer registers.
length transmission line does not depend upon
its Is an access method used primarily with
CSMA/CD
LANs configured in a bus topology.
32 bits IP version 4 address length is
Is a multiport bridge that provides
Switch
bridging function.
Is a device which operates in the
Network layer and it makes forwarding
Router
decisions on the basis of network
addresses.
51.84 Mbps OC-1 (STS-1) line rate is
Peer-to-peer Is one in which all computers share
client/server their resources with all the other
network computers on the network.
Channel Is used to interface DTEs to digital
service unit transmission channels
Modulation which combines encoding
TCM and modulation to reduce the probability
of error.
Is an empirical record of a systems
BER
actual bit error performance
Is an error-correcting code used for
Hamming code correcting transmission errors in
synchronous data streams.