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1) Unexpected Photography - Small aperture f/22 while capturing reflection in water; which will bring

everything visible in the reflection.

2) Fountain Spray You Keep Shooting with Bryan Peterson AdoramaTV - Sunny 16 rule , Looney 11
rule.

The sunny 16 rule (also known as the sunny f/16 rule) is a method of estimating correct daylight
exposures without a light meter. (For lunar (moon) photography there is a similar rule known as the
looney 11 rule.)

The basic rule is, "On a sunny day with front lit scene, set aperture to f/16 and shutter speed to the
[reciprocal of the] ISO film speed [or ISO setting] for a subject in direct sunlight."

For example:

On a sunny day and with ISO 100 film / setting in the camera, one sets the aperture to f/16 and the
shutter speed to 1/100 or 1/125 second (on some cameras 1/125 second is the available setting nearest
to 1/100 second).

On a sunny day with ISO 200 film / setting and aperture at f/16, set shutter speed to 1/200 or 1/250.

On a sunny day with ISO 400 film / setting and aperture at f/16, set shutter speed to 1/400 or 1/500.

An elaborated form of the sunny 16 rule is to set shutter speed nearest to the reciprocal of the ISO film
speed / setting and f-number according to this table:

Aperture Lighting conditions Shadow detail

f/22 Snow/sand Dark with sharp edges

f/16 Sunny Distinct

f/11 Slight overcast Soft around edges

f/8 Overcast Barely visible

f/5.6 Heavy overcast No shadows

f/4 Open shade/sunset No shadows

Add one stop Backlighting n/a

3) Too Close Composition You Keep Shooting with Bryan Peterson AdoramaTV; For Close up shots and
filling the frame, come close to the subject so that its edges are out of the frame and then back out.
4) Creating the Perfect Background for Portraits; More emphasis on the background than the subject.
Take simple yet complimentary background to the subject. Use large telephoto lens (at focal lengths of
about 240 to 300), Limited/shallow depth of field (by using small Aperture values of f/5.6 to f/7.1.
Subject is at least 20 to 30 feet away from the background. Avoid backgrounds filled with bright and
dark (continuous tone backgrounds); if light and dark is unavoidable, use uniform pattern of light and
dark.

5) 10-Stop Neutral Density Filter Usage for Bright Landscape photography; 10-stop ND filter adding ten
stops (down) to the exposure, after applying this filter, pick largest aperture value like f/29 (long depth
of field) and then USING LONG SHUTTER SPEED eg (30 seconds). This long exposure time will not be
possible in bright light conditions but 10 stop ND filter will cut the light down ten stops to achieve the
effect.

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