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What
is
Transpiration
1
.... Cont TRANSPIRATION (T)
2
.... Cont TRANSPIRATION (T)
How to
ESTIMATE
TRANSPIRATION
3
.... Cont TRANSPIRATION (T)
BLANNEY-CRIDDLE METHOD
whereby :-
4
.... Cont TRANSPIRATION (T)
BLANNEY-CRIDDLE METHOD
BLANNEY-CRIDDLE METHOD
where :-
u = monthly consumptive use (inch)
k = consumptive use coefficient
6
.... Cont TRANSPIRATION (T)
BLANNEY-CRIDDLE METHOD
7
.... Cont TRANSPIRATION (T)
BLANNEY-CRIDDLE METHOD
8
EXAMPLE 2.3
Given :-
Crop = Alfalfa p = 9.88 Find :-
Location = South k = 0.85 u ???
Time = July
T = 72F
9
SOLUTION
Step !!
From equation:-
0.85 72 9.88
u
100
10
EXAMPLE 2.4
Given :-
T1 = 61.6F, T2 = 70.3F, T3 = 75.1F, T4 = 73.4F
p1 = 10.02, p2 = 10.08, p3 = 10.22, p4 = 9.54
Find :-
U ???
11
SOLUTION
Step !!
From equation:-
B 27.9
12
SOLUTION
Ks = 0.65
Therefore;
U 0.65 27.9
U 18.1 in of water
(4 months growing season)
13
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
What
is
Evapotranspiration
14
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
Evaporation
potential (ETp)
Evaporation
Actual (ETa)
15
Potential Evapotranspiration (ETp ) - the
water loss which will occur if at no time
there is a deficiency of water in the soil for
the use of vegetation (have adequate water
in the soil profile).
16
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
How to
ESTIMATE
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
17
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
ESTIMATING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Thornthwaite method
Penman method
18
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
1st METHOD
THORNHWAITE METHOD
whereby :-
19
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
1st METHOD
THORNHWAITE METHOD
20
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
1st METHOD
THORNHWAITE METHOD
21
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
Penman, H.L. 1948: Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. Roy. Soc.
A, 193, 120-45.
22
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
ET p H E o
whereby :-
= the slope of saturated vapor pressure
curve of air at absolute temperature
(mmHg/F).
H = the daily heat budget at the surface
(estimate of net radiation)(mm/d)
E0 = daily evaporation (mm)
ET = the evapotranspiration for a given
period (mm/d)
= Psychrometric constant, 0.27
23
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
H R A (1 r ) 0.18 0.55
n
B 0.56 0.092e d
0.5
0.10 0.9
n
D D
OR
H Rl RB
Which
a d
24
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
PENMAN METHOD
2ndMETHOD
ea = the saturation vapor pressure at mean air temperature (mmHg)
(Figure 2.7 or Table 2.1)
ed = the saturation vapor pressure at men dew point (actual vapor pressurein the
air) (mmHg)
h = ed /ea ed = h ea
h = relative humidity (in decimal)
RI = net of short wave radiation (mm/day)
RB = long wave radiation accepted by earth (mm/day)
R @ RA = the mean monthly extraterrestrial radiation (mmH2O evaporated/day)
(Table 2.6)
= curve slope of vapor pressure at t (mmHg/F) (Figure 2.8)
n/D = cloud ratio
n = actual duration of bright sunshine
D = maximum possible duration of bright sunshine
r = reflection coefficient of surface (in decimal)
Eo = daily evaporation (mm)
ETp = potential evapotranspiration (mm/day)
u2 = mean wind speed at 2m above the ground (mi/day)
H = daily heat budget at surface (mm/day)
B = variable given (Table 2.5) 25
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
26
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
27
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
28
.... Cont EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET)
2ndMETHOD
PENMAN METHOD
29
EXAMPLE 2.5
Step !!
From equation:-
ET p H 0.27 Eo
0.27
a d
31
SOLUTION
where:-
ea From Table 3.1, (at Ta = 33C)
have to interpolate ea
42.18
ea 42.18 31.83 e a 31.83
31.83
35 30 33 30
e a 38.04 inHg
30 33 35 (C)
ed = h ea
ed h = ed/ea ed = 0.45 38.04 = 17.12 mmHg
32
SOLUTION
therefore:-
Eo 0.3538.04 17.12 1 0.0098 (36)
Eo 9.91 mm/day
33
SOLUTION
where:-
RA have to interpolate
16.7
RA 16.7 16.5 R A 16.5
16.5 40 30 33 30
R A 16.56
30 33 40
K = C + 273
K = 33C + 273 = 306K
Again B have to interpolate
B 17.69
305 306 310 (K)
35
SOLUTION
therefore:-
H (16.56) (1 0.07) 0.18 (0.55 0.7)
(17.69) 0.56 0.092 17.12 0.10 (0.9 0.7)
H 6.38 mm / day
Thus:-
(1.2 6.38) (0.27 9.91)
ETp
1.2 0.27
38
SOLUTION
Step !!
This is
From equation:-
Et H 0.27 Eo
0.27
a d
SOLUTION
where:-
ea From Table 3.1, (at Ta = 24.2C)
have to interpolate es
23.76
ea 23.76 17.53 e a 17.53
17.53
25 20 24.2 20
e a 22.76 inHg
20 24.2 25 (C)
ed = h ea
ed h = ed/ea ed = 0.5 22.76 = 11.38 mmHg
40
SOLUTION
therefore:-
Eo 0.3522.76 11.38 1 0.0098 (130)
Eo 9.06 mm/day
Calculate Rl first :-
Need to find RA :-
RA at North, Latitude 50, June
RA From Table 3.6,
RA = 16.7
Therefore :-
42
SOLUTION
Next, compute RB :-
Need to find B :-
B at T = 75.5F have do interpolation
B 15.71
75 75.5 80 (F)
43
SOLUTION
Therefore :-
R B 15.71 0.56 0.092 11.38 0.10 (0.90 0.7)
R B 2.86 mm/day
Thus :-
H = 7.08 2.86
H = 4.22 mm/day
Hence :-
(0.75 4.22) (0.27 9.06)
Et
0.75 0.27
Et 5.5 mm/day
44
TIMES UP
THANK YOU
45