MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The various machining process in manufacturing industries are carried out by

separate machining machine. It need more space requirement and time with high
expenses. But the fabrication of multi operation machine, which contains three
operations in a single machine. The operations are namely drilling, Cutting and
grinding. It is a new concept specially meant to reduce the work time and save the
cost. Instead of using a Cutting machine we are using the special arrangements for
Cutting operation in the drilling machine same for the grinding operation also, so we
can save the investment cost of exceed Cutting and grinding machine in the industries.
The machine operates through drilling machine with the bevel gear and cam
mechanism arrangements. Hence exactly we can carry out three operations in this
machine, namely drilling, Cutting and grinding. It is a simple in construction and easy
to operate. Driller, Bevel gear, Drill bit, Chuck, Cam mechanism, bearings, Cutting
tool, Hacksaw and guide are the main parts used in this machine.
The various machining process in manufacturing industries are carried out by
separate machining machine. It need more space requirement and time with high
expenses. But the fabrication of multi operation machine, which contains three
operations in a single machine. The operations are namely drilling, Cutting and
grinding. It is a new concept specially meant to reduce the work time and save the
cost. Instead of using a Cutting machine we are using the special arrangements for
Cutting operation in the drilling machine same for the grinding operation also, so we
can save the investment cost of exceed Cutting and grinding machine in the industries.
The machine operates through drilling machine with the bevel gear and cam
mechanism arrangements. Hence exactly we can carry out
three operations in this
machine, namely drilling, Cutting and grinding. It is a simple in construction and easy
to operate. Driller, Bevel gear, Drill bit, Chuck, Cam mechanism, bearings, Cutting
tool, Hacksaw and guide are the main parts used in this machine.
In this project we are fabricate the multi operating machine using for the
different application. These projects we are using motor and gear arrangement to
operate the machine are any multiple type various machining process variable
operation. Some needs of automation are described below.

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1.1 NEED FOR AUTOMATION

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, motorizeds,

robotics, etc., of these sources, motorizeds form an attractive medium for low cost
automation.The main advantages of all motorized systems are economy and
simplicity. Automation plays an important role in mass production.

Nowadays almost all the manufacturing process is being atomized in order to

deliver the products at a faster rate. The manufacturing operation is being atomized for
the following reasons.

To reduce man power

To reduce the work load
To reduce the production time
To reduce the fatigue of workers

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

The multi process machine is used to do the multi operations like Drilling,
Cutting, grinder at a time and which is used to save the time and space requirement of
an industry. The main concept of machine is to do the operations like Cutting and
grinding by the use of drilling operation using cam arrangement. Here the bevel gear
arrangement is used for carrying out the operations. Bevel gear is used to
perpendicular (90) power transmission. One of the bevel gear is connected with the
motor and another one with the drill chuck hence when the motor is rotated the drill
chuck also rotates. The motor pulley shaft is connected to a cam arrangement on the
other side. Cam arrangement converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion and the
reciprocating motion is used for the Cutting and grinding operation. The Cutting toll
and grinding tool are guided by a horizontal guide bush..

A grinding machine (usually called shaper) is mainly used for producing flat
surfaces, which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. Sometimes irregular or curved
surfaces are also produced by shapers. In existing grinding machines the stroke length
can be varied depends upon the changing the distance between centre of the bull gear
and pivot pin. It means the pivot pin will move away or towards the centre of the bull
gear.

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In advanced grinding machine the vertical slots are provide on one side of the
grinding machine. The slots can be used to move vertically (either upwards or
downwards) the bull gear position. It makes us easy to change the bull gear position. It
means centre of the bull gear position can be moved away or towards the pivot pin.
When the bull gear is move downwards or towards the pivot pin, stroke length can be
increased or vice versa. In advanced grinding machine the stroke length can be varied
in two types, one is to change the distance between centre of the bull gear and crank
pin and another is to change the vertical distance between centre of the bull gear and
pivot pin. So in an advanced grinding machine, without changing the diameter of the
bull gear and height of grinding machine, we can increase the stroke length greatly.

A drilling machine is a device for making holes in components. The manuall

operated type of drilling machine creates problems such as low accuracy, high setup
time, low productivity, etc. A CNC machine overcomes all these problems but the
main disadvantage of a CNC drilling machine is the high initial cost and requirement
of skilled labour for operating the machine. Hence, there arises a need for a low cost
CNC machine which can not only drill holes with high accuracy and low machining
time but also have low initial cost. The need for skilled operator is eliminated by
providing a software with a more user friendly graphical user interface.

Many companies use one operator to run more than one CNC machine.
Indeed, Id bet the majority of companies in the United States use at least some of
their operators in this manner.

Several factors contribute to the wisdom of having one operator run two or
more CNC machines. Some of the most important considerations include lot sizes;
cycle times; setup times; machine costs versus operator costs; urgency of getting jobs
done; and even availability of skilled operators in your area

In many cases, I disagree with the decision to use one operator to run multiple
machinesat least from a cost standpoint. Ive been in many companies in which
using operators in this fashion actually costs more than having a separate operator run
each machine.

I suspect that at least part of the reason some companies have one operator
running multiple machines are that management just cant stand to see someone idle.
While this may be an important concern, a hasty decision to have one operator run
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multiple machines often results in much lower overall machine output. Again, this
may cost more than having a separate operator run each machine.

My discussions will be limited to comparing costs from having a separate

operator for each machine, as opposed to one operator for two machines. This means,
of course, that you must know your costs. The only costs in this equation are machine
cost and operator cost.

2.1 MACHINE COST

For this purpose, machine cost is the hourly rate a company pays to use the
machine (not the cost your company charges for the machines use). At the very least,
it is the monthly payment a company makes (loan/lease) divided by the number of
hours per month the machine is in use.

There is usually much more involved with determining machine cost than just
the monthly payment. Cost of upkeep, which includes preventive maintenance,
lubricants, coolant and even crash repair, should be included in your machine-cost
calculation. Some companies also include the cost of floor space the machine requires.

Note that Im not including tooling of any kind in the machine cost. We need
only the amount of money your company must pay per hour for the machines use.
(By the way, if no one in your company can tell you the cost of each machine, find out
why.) Machine cost should be an important factor in determining the amount of profit
your company makes for each job you do or the product you sell.

For accounting purposes, some companies apply a blanket rate to the machines
they own. For these companies, every machine the company ownsbe it a $5,000
knee mill or a $200,000 CNC machinehas the same cost per hour. This may be good
for approximating purposes, but it wont be accurate enough for making wise
decisions related to operator utilization.

2.3 QUICK COMPARISON

The more the operators cost, the more advantageous it will be to have one
operator run two or more machines. The more each machines cost, the less
advantageous it will be to have one operator run two or more machines.

In many companies Ive visited, a manager can point out every penny that goes
into what an operator costs (again, wages plus benefits). One company I visited even
includes the cost of the parking space the operator uses to park his or her car.
However, when it comes to machine costs, they are not nearly so knowledgeable and
diligent. Again, having an accurate value for both operator and machine cost is of
paramount importance to making wise operator-utilization decisions. Inflated operator
costs and/or devalued machine costs lead to poor operator-utilization decisions. It will
appear that using one operator for two or more machines is more cost-effective than it
really is.

Though I may be getting ahead of myself a bit, note that the maximum cost
benefit you can expect per hour is the cost of one operator. Think about it. When you
have one operator running two machines instead of a separate operator for each
machine, the most you can gain per hour is the hourly cost of one operator.

The VAS-T machines incorporate secondary operations with traditional thread

rolling and bending.

Machines are capable of performing the following operations:

Wire feeding and straightening by Videxs reciprocating straightener.

Cutting to precise length, using a positive stop with a short cut sensor.
Secondary Operations Including; Chamfer Cutting, Cross Drilling, End

Drilling, Flattening, Stamping, Marking, Grooving, or even Assembly

of pins, washers, or flux balls, etc.

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Thread Rolling on a planetary system, using the Controlled Start

Technique.

Bending optional) using the Slide Die Bender adjustable throughout

the machine range.

The VAS-T line is used for production of a wide range of parts such as B7
Studs, Weld Studs, Long blanks for long Headed Bolts, Bicycle Shafts with rounded
ends, Pre-pointed Bolts, Blanks for High Tensile Steel and Stainless Steel Threaded
Rods.

The chips from the turning process are separated and diverted into a bin
outside the machine. The machines are equipped with a Quick-Change System, which
allows effective manufacturing of short production batches, using less skilled
operators. The VAS-T line has the capacity to combine any number and any
combination of operations in one machine. Expected production rates are 30-60 PPM,
depending upon the type of secondary operations.

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CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS

Different equipments are used in fabrication of multipurpose machine, and

they are described below

3.1 INDUCTION MOTOR (IM)

An induction motor (IM) is a type of alternating current motor where power is

supplied to the rotating device by means of electromagnetic induction. It is also called
asynchronous motor.

An electric motor converts electrical power to mechanical power in its rotor

(rotating part). There are several ways to supply power to the rotor. In a DC motor this
power is supplied to the armature directly from a DC source, while in an induction
motor this power is induced in the rotating device.

Fig.3.1 Motor

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An induction motor is sometimes called a rotating transformer because the

stator (stationary part) is essentially the primary side of the transformer and the rotor
(rotating part) is the secondary side. Induction motors are widely used, especially
polyphase induction motors, which are frequently used in industrial drives.

Induction motors are now the preferred choice for industrial motors due to
their rugged construction, absence of brushes (which are required in most DC motors)
and thanks to modern power electronics the ability to control the speed of the motor.

3.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AND COMPARISON TO SYNCHRONOUS

MOTORS

The basic difference between an induction motor and a synchronous AC motor

is that in the latter a current is supplied onto the rotor. This then creates a magnetic
field which, through magnetic interaction, links to the rotating magnetic field in the
stator which in turn causes the rotor to turn. It is called synchronous because at steady
state the speed of the rotor is the same as the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the
stator.

By way of contrast, the induction motor does not have any direct supply onto
the rotor; instead, a secondary current is induced in the rotor. To achieve this, stator
windings are arranged around the rotor so that when energized with a polyphase
supply they create a rotating magnetic field pattern which sweeps past the rotor. This
changing magnetic field pattern induces current in the rotor conductors. These
currents interact with the rotating magnetic field created by the stator and in effect
cause a rotational motion on the rotor.

However, for these currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor and
the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator must be different, or else the
magnetic field will not be moving relative to the rotor conductors and no currents will
be induced. If by some chance this happens, the rotor typically slows slightly until a
current is re-induced and then the rotor continues as before. This difference between
the speed of the rotor and speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator is called
slip. It is unit less and is the ratio between the relative speed of the magnetic field as

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seen by the rotor (the slip speed) to the speed of the rotating stator field. Due to this an
induction motor is sometimes referred to as an asynchronous machine.

3.3 CONSTRUCTION

The stator consists of wound 'poles' that carry the supply current to induce a
magnetic field that penetrates the rotor. In a very simple motor, there would be a single
projecting piece of the stator (a salient pole) for each pole, with windings around it; in
fact, to optimize the distribution of the magnetic field, the windings are distributed in
many slots located around the stator, but the magnetic field still has the same number
of north-south alternations. The number of 'poles' can vary between motor types but
the poles are always in pairs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, etc.).

Induction motors are most commonly built to run on single-phase or three-

phase power, but two-phase motors also exist. In theory, two-phase and more than
three phase induction motors are possible; many single-phase motors having two
windings and requiring a capacitor can actually be viewed as two-phase motors, since
the capacitor generates a second power phase 90 degrees from the single-phase supply
and feeds it to a separate motor winding. Single-phase power is more widely available
in residential buildings, but cannot produce a rotating field in the motor (the field
merely oscillates back and forth), so single-phase induction motors must incorporate
some kind of starting mechanism to produce a rotating field. They would, using the
simplified analogy of salient poles, have one salient pole per pole number; a four-pole
motor would have four salient poles. Three-phase motors have three salient poles per
pole number, so a four-pole motor would have twelve salient poles. This allows the
motor to produce a rotating field, allowing the motor to start with no extra equipment
and run more efficiently than a similar single-phase motor.

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3.4 TYPES OF ROTOR

There are different types of rotor are avalabile for the opereations called slip
ring rotor, solid core rotor

3.4.1 Squirrel-Cage Rotor

The most common rotor is a squirrel-cage rotor. It is made up of bars of either

solid copper (most common) or aluminum that span the length of the rotor, and are
connected through a ring at each end. The rotor bars in squirrel-cage induction motors
are not straight, but have some skew to reduce noise and harmonics.

3.4.2 Slip Ring Rotor

A slip ring rotor replaces the bars of the squirrel-cage rotor with windings that
are connected to slip rings. When these slip rings are shorted, the rotor behaves
similarly to a squirrel-cage rotor; they can also be connected to resistors to produce a
high-resistance rotor circuit, which can be beneficial in starting

3.4.3 Solid Core Rotor

A rotor can be made from solid mild steel. The induced current causes the
rotation.

3.5 DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling is a machine process by which a hole is produced or enlarged by a

drill. Drill is a revolving tool. It is usually the most effective and economic method of
producing hole in solid materials. The hole is produced either by giving movement to
the rotating drill or moving the work axially against the rotating drill. Drilling machine
is more suitable than lathe and vertical milling machine. Drilling machine can also be
used for boring, reaming, tapping and spot facing. It is specific type of end cutting tool
called drill. It is used for drilling holes. It carries the cutting edge at the flat end or at
the end of flute.

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Drilling tool is a cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes
in solid material.

Usually, drills are rotated by a drilling machine and fed into stationary work,
but on other types of machines a stationary drill may be fed into rotating work or drill
and work may rotate in opposite directions. To form the two cutting edges and to
permit the admission of a coolant and the ejection of chips, two longitudinal or helical
grooves or flutes are provided. The point, or tip, of a drill is usually conical in shape,
and it has cutting edges where the flutes end. The angle formed by the tapering sides
of the point determines how large a chip is taken off with each rotation of the drill.
The degree of twist of the helical flutes also affects the drills cutting and chip-
removal properties. For general-purpose twist drills the helix angle is about 32. The
angle formed by the two sides of the tapering point is 118 for standard drills, while
for drilling tough metals, a flatter point with a 135 angle is recommended.

The peripheral portion of the drill body not cut away by the flutes is called the
land, and to reduce friction and prevent the land from rubbing against the sides of the
hole, most of the land is cut away, leaving a narrow ridge called the margin that
follows the edge of the side of the flute that forms the cutting edge. The fluted part, or
body, of a drill is either hardened high-carbon steel or high-speed steel; other drills
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have inserts of cemented carbide to form cutting edges or are made from sintered-
carbide rods. The shanks of twist drills are either straight or tapered and when not
integral with the body are made from low-carbon steel and welded to the body.
Straight-shank drills must be gripped in a chuck; tapered shanks fit with a sticking
taper in matching holes in the machine and are driven partly by the taper and partly by
a tang that fits in a slot in the machine. For enlarging cored, punched, or drilled holes,
core drills are particularly suited. These have three or four flutes, and because the
cutting edges do not extend to the centre of the drill, they cannot originate holes in
solid materials. Cutting is accomplished by a chamfered edge at the end of each flute.

3.6 BELT AND PULLEY

Belt and pulley mechanism is provided for transmitting drive from the motor
to drill spindle and cam arrangement.

3.6.1 Pulley

A pulley is a wheel with a groove along its edge, also called a sheave, for
holding a rope or cable. Pulleys are usually used in sets designed to reduce the amount
of force needed to lift a load. The same amount of work is necessary for the load to
reach the same height as it would without the pulleys. The magnitude of the force is
reduced, but it must act through a longer distance. The effort needed to pull a load up
is roughly the weight of the load divided by the number of wheels. The more wheels
there are, the less efficient a system is, because of more friction between the rope and
the wheels.

The pulleys and lines are weightless, and that there is no energy loss due to
friction. It is also assumed that the lines do not stretch. With this assumption, it
follows that, in equilibrium, the total force on the pulley must be zero. This means that
the force on the axle of the pulley is shared equally by the two lines looping through
the pulley. The lines are not parallel, the tensions in each line are still equal, but now
the vector sum of all forces is zero.

A second basic equation for the pulley follows from the conservation of
energy the product of the weight lifted times the distance it is moved is equal to the
product of the lifting force times the distance the lifting line is moved. The weight
lifted divided by the lifting force is defined as the advantage of the pulley system. It is

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important to notice that the amount of work done in an ideal pulley is always the
same. The work is given by the effort times the distance moved. The pulley simply
allows trading effort for distance.

3.6.2 Belt

Belts are used to mechanically link two or more rotating items. They may be
used as a source of motion, to transmit power at up to 98% efficiency between two
points, or to track relative movement.

Fig. 3.3 Pulley and Belt

As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where the belt is
adapted to continually carry a load between two points. A belt may also be looped
between two points so that the direction of rotation is reversed at the other point.
Power transmission is achieved by specially designed belts and pulleys. The demands
on a belt drive transmission system.

Belts normally transmit power only on the tension side of the loop. Designs for
continuously variable transmissions exist that use belts that are a series of solid metal
blocks, linked together as in a chain, transmitting power on the compression side of
the loop.

3.7 CAM

A cam is a projecting part of a rotating wheel or shaft that strikes a lever at one
or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver
pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape
that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower which is
a lever making contact with the cam.

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The reason the cam acts as a lever is because the hole is not directly in the
centre, therefore moving the cam rather than just spinning. On the other hand, some
cams are made with a hole exactly in the centre and their sides act as cams to move
the levers touching them to move up and down or to go back and forth.
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3.9 BEVEL GEAR

Two important concepts in gearing are pitch surface and pitch angle. The pitch
surface of a gear is the imaginary toothless surface that you would have by averaging
out the peaks and valleys of the individual teeth. The pitch surface of an ordinary gear
is the shape of a cylinder. The pitch angle of a gear is the angle between the face of

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the pitch surface and the axis. The most familiar kinds of bevel gears have pitch
angles of less than 90 degrees and therefore are cone-shaped. This type of bevel gear
is called external because the gear teeth point outward. The pitch surfaces of meshed
external bevel gears are coaxial with the gear shafts; the apexes of the two surfaces are
at the point of intersection of the shaft axes. Bevel gears that have pitch angles of
greater than ninety degrees have teeth that point inward and are called internal
bevel gears.

3.10 BEARING

A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts,

typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified broadly according
to the motions they allow and according to their principle of operation. Low friction
bearings are often important for efficiency, to reduce wear and to facilitate high
speeds. Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape, by its material,
or by introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces.

By shape, gains advantage usually by using spheres or rollers. By material,

exploits the nature of the bearing material used. Sliding bearings, usually called
bushes bushings journal bearings sleeve bearings rifle bearings or plain bearings.
Rolling-element bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings. Jewel bearings, in

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which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center. fluid bearings, in which
the load is carried by a gas or liquid magnetic bearings, in which the load is carried by
a magnetic field. Flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by a load element
which bends. Bearings vary greatly over the forces and speeds that they can support.
Forces can be radial, axial (thrust bearings) or moments perpendicular to the main
axis. Bearings very typically involve some degree of relative movement between
surfaces, and different types have limits as to the maximum relative surface speeds
they can handle, and this can be specified as a speed in ft/s or m/s.

The moving parts there is considerable overlap between capabilities, but plain
bearings can generally handle the lowest speeds while rolling element bearings are
faster, hydrostatic bearings faster still, followed by gas bearings and finally magnetic
bearings which have no known upper speed limit.

A linear-motion bearing or linear slide is a bearing designed to provide free

motion in one dimension. There are many different types of linear motion bearings
and this family of products is generally broken down into two sub-categories: rolling-
element and plane.

Motorized linear slides such as machine slides, XY tables, roller tables and
some dovetail slides are bearings moved by drive mechanisms. Not all linear slides are
motorized and non-motorized dovetail slides, ball bearing slides and roller slides
provide low-friction linear movement for equipment powered by inertia or by hand.
All linear slides provide linear motion based on bearings, whether they are ball
bearings, dovetail bearings or linear roller bearings. XY Tables, linear stages, machine
slides and other advanced slides use linear motion bearings to provide movement
along both X and Y multiple axis.

There are many types of bearings, each used for different purposes either
singularly or in combinations. These include ball bearings, roller bearings, ball thrust
bearings, roller thrust bearings and tapered roller thrust bearings.

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3.10.1 Ball bearings

Fig. 3.6 Ball Bearing

Ball bearings, as shown to the left, are the most common type by far. They are
found in everything from skate boards to washing machines to PC hard drives. These
bearings are capable of taking both radial and thrust loads, and are usually found in
applications where the load is light to medium and is constant in nature (ie not shock
loading). The bearing shown here has the outer ring cut away revealing the balls and
ball retainer.

3.10.2 Roller bearings

Fig. 3.7 Roller Bearing

Roller bearings like the one shown to the left are normally used in heavy duty
applications such as conveyer belt rollers, where they must hold heavy radial loads. In
these bearings the roller is a cylinder, so the contact between the inner and outer race
is not a point (like the ball bearing above) but a line. This spreads the load out over a
larger area, allowing the roller bearing to handle much greater loads than a ball
bearing. However, this type of bearing cannot handle thrust loads to any significant
degree. A variation of this bearing design is called the needle bearing. The needle
roller bearing uses cylindrical rollers like those above but with a very small diameter.
This allows the bearing to fit into tight places such as gear boxes that rotate at higher
speeds.

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3.10.3 Thrust ball bearings

Fig.3.8 Thrust Bearing

Ball thrust bearings like the one shown to the left are mostly used for low-
speed non precision applications. They cannot take much radial load and are usually
found in lazy susan turntables and low precision farm equipment.

3.10.4 Roller thrust bearing

Fig.3.9 Roller Thrust Bearing

Roller thrust bearings like the one illustrated to the left can support very large
thrust loads. They are often found in gearsets like car transmissions between gear
sprockets, and between the housing and the rotating shafts. The helical gears used in
most transmissions have angled teeth; this can causes a high thrust load that must be
supported by this type of bearing.

3.10.5 Taper roller bearing

Fig. 3.10 Taper Roller Bearing

Tapered roller bearings are designed to support large radial and large thrust
loads. These loads can take the form of constant loads or shock loads. Tapered roller

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bearings are used in many car hubs, where they are usually mounted in pairs facing
opposite directions. This gives them the ability to take thrust loads in both directions.
The cutaway taper roller on the left shows the specially designed tapered rollers and
demonstrates their angular mounting which gives their dual load ability.
The above bearing types are some of the most common. There are thousands
of other designs, some standard and some specific applications but all perform the
same basic function. Essentially further types of bearings usually take all or some of
the characteristics of the above bearings and blend them into one design. Through the
use of careful material selection and applying the correct degree of machining
precision, a successful bearing solution can usually be found.

3.11 VICE

It is a device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a work piece; one of
the jaws is fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for
holding a work piece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing,
the vise may be permanently bolted to a bench. In vises designed to hold metallic
work pieces, the active faces of the jaws are hardened steel plates, often removable,
with serrations that grip the work piece; to prevent damage to soft parts, the
permanent jaws can be covered with temporary jaws made from sheet copper or
leather. Pipe vises have double V-shaped jaws that grip in four places instead of only
two. Woodworking vises have smooth jaws, often of wood, and rely on friction alone
rather than on serrations.

For holding work pieces on the tables of machine tools, vises with smooth
hardened-steel jaws and flat bases are used. These machine vises are portable but may
be clamped to the machine table when in use; means may also be provided for
swiveling the active part of the vise so that the work piece can be held in a variety of
positions relative to the base. For holding parts that cannot be clamped with flat jaws,
special jaws can be provided.

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For holding parts that cannot be clamped with flat jaws, special jaws can be provided.

Fig. 3.11 Vice

3.12 HACK SAW

A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal.

They can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood; for
example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with
them. There are hand saw versions and powered versions (power hacksaws). Most
hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such
hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow
disposable blade. The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate blades of
different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension.
Panel hacksaws forgo the frame and instead have a sheet metal body; they can cut into
a sheet metal panel further than a frame would allow. These saws are no longer
commonly available, but hacksaw blade holders enable standard hacksaw blades to be
used similarly to a keyhole saw or pad saw. Power tools including nibblers, jigsaws,
and angle grinders fitted with metal-cutting blades and discs are now used for longer
cuts in sheet metals.

On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the
teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the

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PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

push or pull stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards with work held in a
bench vice, hacksaw blades should be set to be facing forwards. Some frame saws,
including Fret Saws and Piercing Saws, have their blades set to be facing the handle
because they are used to cut by being pulled down against a horizontal surface.

3.13 CUTTING TOOL

In the context of machining, a cutting tool (or cutter) is any tool that is used to
remove material from the work piece by means of shear deformation. Cutting may be
accomplished by single-point or multipoint tools. Single-point tools are used in
turning, grinding, planning and similar operations, and remove material by means of
one cutting edge. Milling and drilling tools are often multipoint tools. Grinding tools
are also multipoint tools. Each grain of abrasive functions as a microscopic single-
point cutting edge (although of high negative rake angle), and shears a tiny chip.

Cutting tools must be made of a material harder than the material which is to
be cut, and the tool must be able to withstand the heat generated in the metal-cutting
process. Also, the tool must have a specific geometry, with clearance angles designed
so that the cutting edge can contact the work piece without the rest of the tool
dragging on the work piece surface. The angle of the cutting face is also important, as
is the flute width, number of flutes or teeth, and margin size. In order to have a long
working life, all of the above must be optimized, plus the speeds and feeds at which
the tool is run.

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PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND DRAWING

The mechanical multipurpose machine is consists of the following components

to full fill the requirements of complete operation of the machine.

4.1 MACHINE COMPONENTS

1. Motor- 60 rpm 12/24volt dc

2. Bevel gear

3. Cam

4. Belt and pulley

5. Bevel gear

6. Clamping vice

7. Bearing block

8. Driller

9. Hacksaw

10. Grinder
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL 28 ISSAT
PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

4.2 DRAWING FOR MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

(DRILLING, CUTTING AND CUTTING)

Fig. 4.1 Motorized Multipurpose Machine

Item Description Quantity Meterial

1 Motor 1
2 Hacksaw frame 1
3 Pulley 1
4 Drill chuck 1
5 Column 1
6 Cutting tool 1
7 Belt 1
8 Bearing 5
9 Bevel gear 1

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL 29 ISSAT

PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACH

CHAPTER 5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

Here the bevel gear arrangement is used for carrying out the operations. Bevel
0
gear is used to perpendicular (90 ) power transmission. One of the bevel gear is
connected with the motor and another one with the drill chuck hence when the motor
is rotated the drill chuck also rotates. The motor pulley shaft is connected to a cam
arrangement on the other side. Cam arrangement converts rotary motion into
reciprocating motion and the reciprocating motion is used for the Cutting and cutting
operation. The Cutting tool and cutting tool are guided by a horizontal guide bush.
 CHAPTER 6

MERITS & DEMERIT

6.1 MERITS

Easy To Implement
Low cost
Low maintenance
Easy to operate
Reduces time and increases production rate
Multi operations are performed at one time
All Operations performed by only one motor
Time Saving
Less Man power is required

6.2 DEMERIT

Uneven forces acts on the work piece

Only small components can be machined
 CHAPTER 7

APPLICATION

Used in small scale industries to reduce machine cost.

In such places where frequent change in operation are required.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL 34 ISSAT

PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

CHAPTER 8

LIST OF MATERIALS

The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed
below.

8.1 PROPERTIES
The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied
Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from
chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect

their selection

a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal

Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,

electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.The various Mechanical properties
Concerned are strength in tensile,

Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance,

impact resistance, eleastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness,
wear resistance and sliding properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,

Cast ability

Weld ability

Surface properties

Shrinkage

Deep drawing etc.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL 35 ISSAT

PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

8.2 MANUFACTURING CASE

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities
obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of
special materials.

8.3 QUALITY REQUIRED

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material.
For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of
components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or hand
forging the steel.

CHAPTER 10

FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

We can perform various operations like Grinder ,Drilling,or Cutting individually

by introducing coupling (engagement and disengagement) between them

We can perform Grinding Operation by introducing a grinding tool at

the Machining Shaft

We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by

replacing drilling tool.

We can change the speed of Motor by Regulator.

PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides flexibility in operation.
This innovation has made the more desirable and economical. The project Motorized
Multi Purpose Machine (Drilling, Cutting and Cutting) is designed with the hope that
it is very much economical and helps full to power transmitter to the driving unit with
variable speed. This project helped us to know the periodic steps in completing a
project work. Thus we have completed the project successfully.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL 40 ISSAT

PROJECT REPORT 2015 MOTORIZED MULTI PURPOSE MACHINE

REFERANCE

[1] R Maguteeswaran1,M Dineshkumar,R Dineshkumar,K Karthi.Fabrication of

multi process machine. International journal of research in Aeronautical and
mechanical engineering. Vol 2 issue 2. PP 105-111
[2] 2013, M. Anil Prakash, Nalla Japhia Sudarsan, K. Pavan Kumar and
K.Ch.Sekhar. Advanced shaper,International Monthly Refereed Journal of
Research In Management & Technology. Vol II
[3] 2014, D.V.Sabariananda1, V.Siddhartha1, B.Sushil Krishnana1, T.Mohanraj.
Design and Fabrication of Automated Hacksaw Machine. Second National
Conference on Trends in Automotive Parts Systems and Applications (TAPSA-
2014). Volume 3, Special Issue 2.
[4] 2014 Gautam Jodh , Piyush Sirsat , Nagnath Kakde , Sandeep Lutade. Design
of low Cost CNC Drilling Machine. International Journal of Engineering
Research and General Science Volume 2, Issue 2, Feb-Mar 14.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL 41 ISSAT