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Vamos a ver dos mtodos para calcular un desvo, estos son(a)mtodo de Colesy
(b)el mtodo IRS.
Longitud curva (CL) Esta es la distancia desde el punto tangente (T) hasta la punta
terica de cruce (TNC)medida a lo largo de la va principal.
Longitud aguja (SL) Esta es la distancia desde el punto tangente (T) al taln de la
aguja (TL) medido a lo largo de la va principal.
Radio del desvo (R)este es el radio del tramo circular del desvo.El radio R es igual
al radio sobre la va principal mas la mitad de la trocha,
R=R1+0.5G
Como el radio de una curva es bastante grande, para fines prcticos, R puede
tomarse igual a R1.
ACCESORIOS ESPECIALES USADOS EN LOS DESVIOS
Flat bearing platesAs turnouts do not have any cant, flat bearing plates
areprovidedunderthesleepers.
Grade off chairsThese are special chairs provided behind the heel of the
switchestogiveasuitableramptothetonguerail,whichisraisedby6mmatthe
heel.
GaugetieplatesTheseareprovidedoverthesleepersdirectlyunderthetoeof
theswitches,andunderthenoseofthecrossingtoensurepropergaugeatthese
locations.
Coles method
Thisisamethodusedfordesigningaturnouttakingofffromastraighttrack(Fig.
14.11).Thecurvaturebeginsfromapointonthestraightmaintrackaheadofthe
toeoftheswitchatthetheoreticaltoeofswitch(TTS)andendsatthetheoretical
noseofcrossing(TNC).Theheeloftheswitchislocatedatthepointwherethe
offsetofthecurveisequaltotheheeldivergence.Theoretically,therewouldbeno
kinksinthislayout,hadthetonguerailbeencurvedasalsothewingrailuptothe
TNC.Sincetonguerailsandwingrailsarenotcurvedgenerally,therearethe
followingthreekinksinthislayout.
(a) Thefirstkinkisformedattheactualtoeoftheswitch.
(b) Thesecondkinkisformedattheheeloftheswitch.
(c) The third kink is formed at the first distance block of the crossing. The
notationsusedinFig.14.11arethefollowing.
Curvelead(CL)=AE=TE'
Switchlead(SL)=TL
Leadofcrossing(L)=LE'
Gaugeoftrack(G)=AT=EE'
Angleofthecrossing()CEAECE
Heelofdivergence(d)=LM
Numberofthecrossing(N)=cot
Radiusofouterrailofturnoutcurve(R)=OE=OT(Oisthe
centreoftheturnoutcurve)
Calculations
Curvelead(CL)InATE,
=2GN(approximately)
Switch lead (SL)TL is the length of the tangent with an offset LM =D=
heeldivergence.
L=curveleadswitchlead
Radiusofcurve(R)InAOE,
OE=OT=R,OA=RG
OE2=OA2+AE2
OE2=(RG)2+(curvelead)2
Example14.1Calculatetheleadandradiusofa1in8.5BGturnoutfor90Rrails
usingColesmethod.
IRS method
Inthislayout(Fig.14.12),thecurvebeginsfromtheheeloftheswitchandendsat
the toe of the crossing, which is at the centre of the first distance block. The
crossingisstraightandnokinkisexperiencedatthispoint.Theonlykinkoccursat
thetoeoftheswitch.ThisisthestandardlayoutusedonIndianRailways.The
calculations involved in this method aresomewhat complicated and hence this
methodisusedonlywhenprecisionisrequired.
Example 14.2Calculate the lead and radius of a 1 in 8.5 BG turnout with
straightswitches.UsetheIRSmethod.
OnIndianRailways,normally1in8.5turnoutsareusedforgoodstrainswhile1in
12and1in16turnoutsareusedforpassengertrains.Recently1in20and1in24
turnoutshavealsobeendesignedbytheRDSO,tobeusedtopermithigherspeeds
for fast trains on the turnout side. The maximum speeds permitted on these
turnoutsaregiveninTable14.5.
*AspertheIndianRailwaywayandworks(IRWW)manual,aspeedof15km/h
was originally permitted on 1 in 8.5 turnouts. However, due to a subsequent
numberofderailmentsofpassengertrainsonturnincurves,thespeedsonthese
turnoutshaverowbeenreducedto10km/honly.
Thefiguresinthesecondrowcorrespondtocurvedswitches.
Aspeedof30km/hisalsopermittedon1in12turnoutsonthoseinterlocked
sections where all turnouts over which a running train may pass are 1 in 12
throughoutthesectionandthelocomotivesarefittedwithspeedometers.Inall
othercases,speedisrestrictedto15km/honly.
60km/hpermittedonlyforhighspeedturnoutstoDrg.No.RDST/T403.
whereRistheradiusoftheouter leadrail,Gisthegauge,histheleadofthe
straightlegofthecrossingaheadofTNCuptotheTPoftheleadcurve,tisthe
thicknessoftheswitchatthetoe,Iisthedistancefromthetoeoftheswitchtothe
pointwherethetangentdrawntotheextendedleadcurveisparalleltothemain
linegaugeface,Visthedistancebetweenthemainlinegaugefaceandthetangent
drawntotheleadcurvefromadistancelfromthetoe,yistheverticalordinate
alongtheYaxis,isthecrossingangle,andistheswitchangle.
Layout of Turnout
Tolayoutaturnoutinthefield,thevaluesofoffsetsfromthegaugefaceofthe
straighttracktothegaugefaceoftheturnoutmaybeadoptedfromTable14.6.