Power Industry Standard of People's Republic of China

Design Specifications for Gate Hoist in Hydropower

and Water Resources Projects

DL/T 5167-2002

Issue date: September 16, 2002 Implementation date: December 1, 2002

Issued by: National Economic and Trade Commission of China
 Contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................. 3
1. Scope .................................................................................................................. 5
2. Normative Reference .......................................................................................... 6
3. Basic Symbols .................................................................................................... 7
4. General Provisions .............................................................................................. 8
5. Design Principle and Requirements .................................................................. 10
6. Load .................................................................................................................. 22
8. Mechanism........................................................................................................ 30
9. Structure ........................................................................................................... 52
10. Electrics .......................................................................................................... 75
Annex A (Informative Annex) Hoisting Force, Lift Head, Span and Speed
Series of Gate Hoist Date and Example of Working Class of Gate Hoist .............. 82
Annex B (Informative) Recommended Values of Acceleration (Deceleration) of
Running Mechanism and Corresponding Acceleration (Deceleration) Time ......... 84
Annex C (Informative) Calculation Method of Horizontal Lateral Force Ps
during Oblique Running of Gate Hoist .................................................................. 85
Annex D (Informative) Calculation Data of Wind Load .......................................... 87
Annex E (Informative) Permissible Physical Quantity of Commonly-used
Friction Surface Material ....................................................................................... 91
(Informative) .......................................................................................................... 92
Friction Coefficient and Efficiency ......................................................................... 92
Annex G (Informative) Relevant Calculation Data of Parts and Track ................... 94
Annex H (Informative) Calculation Data for the Hydraulic Gate Hoist ................. 114
Annex J (Informative) Materials for Calculating Stability of Two-way or
One-way Bending Members ............................................................................... 133
Annex K (Informative Annex) Overload check of motor ...................................... 150
Annex L (Informative Annex) Heating inspection of winding-type asynchronous
motor ................................................................................................................... 152
Annex M (Informative Annex) The allowable output capability (P) of YZR series
electromotor under different load duration factor (FC value) and under different
CZ values (the average startup multiples K= 1.7) ............................................... 155
Annex N (Informative Annex) The electromotor of gate hoist mechanism FC,
CZ and G values in the capacity selection calculation ........................................ 161
Annex P (informative annex) Current-carrying capacity of conducting wire ........ 162
Annex Q (informative annex) Explanations on the text description in these
Specifications ...................................................................................................... 167
 Foreword

This standard contain amendment the hydraulic hoist content of SL 41-1993

Hydraulic and Hydropower Project Specification for Design of Gate Hoist
according to Notice on Project of Establishment and Amendment of Power
Industry Standard in 1997, and the amendment format complies with
requirements of Basic Regulation for Compilation of Power Industry Standard
(DL/T 600-2001).

This standard fully reflects new experiences on design, manufacture,

installation and operation of large and medium gate hoist of hydropower and
water resource projects over the last decade, on basis of comprehensive
survey, conclusion and research. Amendment and implementation of this
standard may establish a new and uniform design standard for the industry
and further improve industrial design level.

Opinions were asked on the amendment content of this standard from relevant
units in written form in October 1998. Standard amendment working
conference was held in Zhengzhou city, Henan Province, in November 1999,
and principle, method and task were determined on the conference. The first
exposure draft of Design Specifications for Gate Hoist in Hydropower and
Water Resources Projects was issued in April, 2000, and was discussed and
amended on Changzhou Conference. Then it was issued again in May, 2000,
for more than 50 design institute, factory, college and research institute of
hydropower and water resource system, to give their opinions. In April, 2001,
first draft for approval was worked out, forming formal draft for approval after
discussion and supplement made on Chengdu conference. Examination of the
draft standard for examination was carried out on Hangzhou conference in
December, 2001, forming draft standard for approval after amendment.

Revision involves 18 articles of the hydraulic gate hoist part of original

standard, and 2 articles of the 18 are cancelled, 4 articles are added, and 14
articles are supplemented. After revision, hydraulic gate hoist part totally
contains 20 articles and 36 clauses, and over 90% of original articles are
revised. Also, revisions are made to relevant articles of hydraulic gate hoist
part, or to relevant original parts that are obviously out of date, these revisions
involve 12 articles.

The revision practically summarizes and absorbs experiences on fast

development of hydraulic gate hoist over last decade in China, so as to enrich
content of the standard. For instance, it is summarized that malfunctions
happened in operation of hydraulic gate hoist are caused by contamination of
hydraulic oil. So measures to prevent hydraulic oil from pollution are put forth
and series new requirements of cleanness of hydraulic oil, oil filtration,
cleaning of oil pipe, as well as material of oil pipe and oil tank are definitely
prescribed. And it is prescribed that crest spillway radial gate double drum
hydraulic hoist shall adopt relevant synchronous measures according to
concrete conditions. In order to strengthen systematicness and integrality of
articles, merges and adjustment are made among articles involving the same
content but being dispersed in different articles, such as content of oil tube is
concentrated in clause 8.4.7.

Appendixes attached thereto are informative appendixes.

This standard is proposed by and under the jurisdiction of Power Industry

Hydropower Plant Metallic Structure and Gate Hoist Technical Committee of
Standardization.

This Standard is compiled by Northwest Hydroelectric Investigation & Design

Institute, State Power Company; Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation &
Design Institute, State Power Company; Mid-south Design and Research
Institute for Hydroelectric Project; and Jiangsu wujin Hydraulic Hoist Co., Ltd.
This standard is drafted by: Chen Wenhong, Zhao Fuxin, Liao Yongping, Gong
Jianxin and Guo Xihong

First issue of this Standard is promulgated on October 1, 1993.

 1. Scope

This specification prescribes design principle, load, material and mechanism of

gate hoist of hydropower projects.

This standard is applicable to fixed gate hoist and mobile gate hoist that mainly
adopt electric drive to open and close gate and trash rack in hydropower
project. Fixed gate hoist includes different types, such as winding type,
screw-rod type, hydraulic hoist and chain-type, and mobile gate hoist includes
portal hoist, trolley hoist and bridge hoist.
 2. Normative Reference

The following documents contain contents which, through reference in this text,
composite provisions of this standard. For dated reference, subsequent
amendments (excepting corrigenda content) to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. Parties to agreements based on this standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the
normative document referred to applies.

GB/T 116 Specifications for Rivet

GB/T 699 Quality Carbon Structure Steel
GB/T 700 Carbon Structural Steels
GB/T 985 Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Gas Welding Manual
Arc Welding and Gas-shielded Arc Welding
GB/T986 Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 117 Specification for Cast Copper Alloys
GB/T 1231 Specifications of High Strength Bolts with Large Hexagon Head,
Large Hexagon Nuts and Plain Washers for Steel Structures
GB/T 1348 Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Bolts, Screws and Studs
GB/T 3098.2 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners: Nuts - Coarse Thread
GB/T 3098.3 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners - Set Screws
GB/T 3098.4 Mechanical properties of fasteners-Nuts-Fine pitch thread
GB/T 3098.6 Mechanical properties of fasteners-Bolts, screws and studs made
of stainless-steel
GB/T 3633 Technical requirement for sets of torshear type high strength bolt
hexagon nut and plain washer for steel structures
GB/T 5117 Carbon steel covered electrodes
GB/T 5118 Low alloy steel covered electrodes
GB/T 9439 Grey iron castings
GB/T 11352 Carbon steel castings for general engineering purposes
GB/T 13098 Ethylene oxide for industrial use
GB/T 14039 Hydraulic fluid power-Fluids-Method for coding level of
contamination by solid particles
JB/ZQ 4297 Alloy Casting Steel
JB/ZQ 4295 Stainless Steel, Acidproof, Heat-resisting Forging Steel
ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power -- Fluids -- Method for coding the level of
contamination by solid particles
NAS 1638 Hydraulic fluid power -- Fluids -- Method for coding the level of
contamination by solid particles
 3. Basic Symbols

M refers to bend diameter or torque;

N refers to axial force;
P refers to applied load;
Q refers to shearing force;
P refers to working pressure;
qv refers to flow quantity;
E refers to elastic modulus of steel;
G refers to shearing modulus of steel;
refers to positive stress;
refers to shear stress;
s refers to yield strength;
b refers to tensile strength;
A refers to area;
l or L refers to span or length;
h or H refers to height;
I refers to moment of inertia;
W refers to resistance moment;
d or D refers to diameter;
R refers to radius;
refers to slenderness ratio;
refers to thickness;
i refers to transmission ratio;
v refers to velocity;
n refers to coefficient or rotate speed;
 4. General Provisions

4.0.1 This standard is the necessary regulation and technical basis of type
selection, arrangement, design and calculation of gate hoist. Where
discrepancies are found between this standard with other relevant design
standard, this standard will prevail.

4.0.2 Except hydraulic gate hoist, working class of gate hoist mechanism is
divided into 4 classes according to their design service life and load status (see
Table 4.0.2). Working class of the main hoisting mechanism is just the working
class of the gate hoist. For examples of working classes of gate hoist, see
Appendix A.

Table 4.0.2 Working Classes of Mechanism

Working Class Design Service Life (h) Load Status

Q1-light 800 Be not infrequently
Q2-light 1600 used, and not often used
to hoist rated load
Q3-medium 3200 Sometimes to hoist
rated load, but medium
load is usually hoist.
Q4-heavy 6300 Be frequently used to
hoist rated load.

4.0.3 Design Data

Data needed to design gate hoist shall include the followings:

1. Requirements of hoisting mode, water-refilling mode, water-discharging,

local-hoisting and hoisting and travel speed of hydropower and water resource
main gate operation;
2. Sizes of gate flap and gate slot, allowable sizes of relevant arrangement,
and relevant sizes and requirements of connection between gate and gate
hoist.
3. Electric control mode and interface requirements;
4. Hydrology, weather, mud, sand and water quality;
5. Load data;
6. Relevant conditions of manufacturing, transportation and installation;
7. Earthquake and other special requirements;
8. Requirements of dynamic power and control power supply.

4.0.4 For selection of hoisting force, lift head, span and speed, see Appendix
A.
4.0.5 Gate hoist shall be equipped with relevant safety devices, such as brake,
load limiting device, moment limiting device, upper and lower caging device,
travel limiter, buffer, wind-prevention rail clamping device, anchorage,
hydraulic system protection and electric protection device.

4.0.6 Gate hoist shall adopt protective measures, such as moisture-proof,

ventilation, corrosion-proof and weather proof.

4.0.7 Generally, fatigue strength of structural components of hoisting

equipments is not calculated.

4.0.8 Disassembly size and weight of gate hoist shall comply with
transportation provisions, and transportation unit shall have necessary rigidity.
 5. Design Principle and Requirements

5.1 General Provisions

5.1.1 Design of gate hoist must satisfy relevant requirements, such as

advanced technology, reliable operation, economic feasibility, convenient
maintenance, harmonized landscape, labor security and environmental
protection.

5.1.2 Type of gate hoist shall be selected according to hydraulic arrangement,

door type, number of hole, operation and time requirement after
comprehensive technical and economic research. In selection of gate hoist for
gates having different usages, the following principles can be followed:

1. Generally, gate hoist of water release system main gate adopts

one-door-one-machine arrangement, but if gate operation and hoisting
limitation allow, mobile gate hoist can be adopted.

2. Gate hoist of multi-hole water release system usually use mobile gate hoist.

3. For gate hoist of hole-sealing gate used for diversion during construction,
the hoisting force shall satisfy the requirement that gate is hoisted under
certain delivery head, and accurate lifting indication device.

4. Gate hoist of tide gate and working water gate adopt one-gate-one-machine
arrangement.

5. Type of gate hoist used to control fast gate at water inlet of power plant and
outlet of pump plant shall adopt hydraulic or winding type fast gate hoist
through comprehensive technical and economic comparison according to
engineering arrangement, gate load during hoisting and lift head. The control
power supply that can fast shut circuit off shall be set according to
power-losing conditions of AC power supply of power plant.

6. When maintenance gate is set at water inlet of multiunit power plant, mobile
gate hoist is usually adopted, and maintenance gate hoist of flood system and
water release system shall be considered where conditions are allowed.

7. For gate hoist of multi-hole trash rack at water inlet of unit, auxiliary hoisting
mechanism can be set at upriver, or auxiliary hook and main hook can also be
adopted within span. If hydraulic structures are dispersedly arranged and gate
hoists are unconditionally used, mobile gate hoist can be set independently.

8. Generally, multi-hole draft pipe maintenance gate of power plant is

recommended to adopt mobile gate hoist.

9. For assembly gate or gate that shall be hoisted step by step, mobile gate
hoist with automatic hooking beam operation is usually adopted.

5.1.3 Working conditions of maintenance personnel shall be considered

according to climatic conditions and sandstorm, and fixed gate hoist can either
be set in machine room or be set outdoor. Machine room shall be departed
from vent-hole of gate. Necessary space shall be reserved for maintenance
and installation at the side where machine is near to the machine room, and
passage shall be reserved between machine and wall, and width of the
passage shall not be less than 0.8m. Where gate hoist is set outdoor, separate
cover shall be adopted. Dustproof, moisture-proof and rain-proof measures
shall be considered for electric equipments.

In cold region where gate hoist will be operated in winter, the machine room
shall have lagging facility; in hot region where gate hoist will be operated in
summer, the machine room shall have cooling facility; in area where there are
frequent sandstorms, gear transmission of gate hoist is recommended not to
adopt open type, or completely-closed machine room can be set. Selection of
working oil or lubricating oil shall consider air temperature conditions at the
operation area.

5.1.4 In addition to the maximum lift head of gate, gate hoist shall also have
appropriate reserve. The maximum working lift head of gate hoist controlling
submerged hole arch door shall satisfy requirements to change side and top
water stop.

5.1.5 According to hydraulic conditions and technical and economic indexes,

high-lift hoist can be adopted, if conditions are met.

5.1.6 Arrangement of high-lift hoist shall prevent disturbance of movable block

group, steel cable and gate slot.

5.1.7 Movable block group shall adopt protective measures to prevent steel
cable from escaping from the slot. Movable block group that is submerged
under water is recommended to adopt sliding bearing axle, and anti-corrosion
measures shall be adopted on the surface. Seal device shall be adopted, if
rolling bearing is adopted.

5.1.8 When plane gate is lifted, the hoisting central line shall keep accordance
with the hoisting central line of the gate.

5.1.9 For mobile hoist having large hoisting force, hoisting tool and gate (or
sag rod) are recommended to adopt automatic hooking beam or manual hitch
bar. When connecting shaft is heavy and operation is difficult, fixed hoist is
recommended to adopt manual hitch bar.

5.1.10 Installation elevation of gate hoist shall satisfy requirement of safe

operation, so as to prevent power section and electric equipments of gate hoist
from flooding, and shall be convenient for normal maintenance of gate, gate
slot and component of gate hoist. In addition, anti-corrosion of components
exposed to water shall be considered.

5.1.11 Gate hoist that controls flood relief gate and other emergency gate must
be equipped with reliable stand-by power supply.

5.1.12 During selection of gate hoist series, hoisting force of gate hoist shall be
greater than or equal to calculated hoisting load.

5.1.13 Dropping speed of fast gate hoist of power plant shall be determined
according to requirements of holes, and decelerator shall be set to guarantee
that gate speed approaching to the bottom is not faster than 5m/min.

5.1.14 Dropping speed of gate controlled by fast gate hoist at outlet of pump
station shall be determined according to requirements of fast-closing hold, and
measures shall be adopted to control its speed approaching to be fully closed.

5.1.15 Double-point hoisting gate hoist shall be equipped with relevant

synchronous measures. And gate operation shall not be affected by error of
the double hoisting points during operation.

5.1.16 Where there is sediment accumulation before gate, hoisting force of

double-point hoisting gate hoist shall be determined according to nonuniformity
coefficient of load on the double hoisting points.

5.1.17 For gate that has requirement of refilling water with small opening, gate
hoist shall be equipped with travel switch or other devices to satisfy small
opening precision.

5.2 Winch Hoist

5.2.1 Winch hoist is usually used to control gate which depends on gravity,
water column or other method to close, and one hoist is usually used to control
one gate.

5.2.2 In general conditions, gate hoist shall adopt on-site operation. If there are
several gate hoists, a centralized control room can be set for the operation.
5.2.3 Besides strength and reliability, chassis of gate hoist shall also be rigid
enough.

5.2.4 If direction of hoisting load is gradient, action of horizontal force on

relevant components shall be considered, and relevant influence shall be
calculated.

5.2.5 Requirements of high-lift gate hoist:

1. For high-lift gate hoist with rope guide, flange shall be set at place where
steel cable of rope reel returns; guide screw rod of rope guide shall consider
selection of helix angle, arch radius at top turning point as well type of wrap
angle of nut.

2. Free double-layer winch high-lift gate hoist is recommended to set turning

flange at position where steel cable returns and to control plane included angle
that is vertical to the reel axle when the steel cable of the second layer
deviates.

3. For high-lift gate hoist whose two double-connected pulley block reeving is
greater than 2, fixed pulley block shall be hinged onto bracket of the pulley
block, and disturbance of steel cable and rest bar of fixed pulley block shall be
prevented.

4. High-lift gate hoist adopting drum with broken line grooves shall consider
length of the broken line and inclination of rope groove. In addition, turning
flange shall be set at position where drum groove returns.

5.2.6 Requirements of winch hoist controlling tainter gate:

1. For top-exposed arch-gate winch hoist and pan type gate hoist whose
hoisting points are set before the water-supporting deck, the steel cable and
hoisting tools are generally set on the panel of tainter gate as close as possible,
and are recommended not to set movable pulley block; during arrangement,
connection method of steel cable, hoisting tools and lifting eye shall be
considered.

2. Top-exposed tainter gate winch hoist, whose hoisting points are set behind
the water-supporting deck, can be substituted by plain gate winch hoist or be
retrofitted. During arrangement, winding, turning method synchronous action of
double hoisting points shall be considered.

3. When top-exposed tainter gate is lifted by pan-type gate hoist, regulating

block of steel rope shall be set.

4. Whether stand-by power supply or manual hoisting device shall be set to

top-exposed tainter gate winch hoist shall be determined by hoisting capacity,
significance of gate and reliability of dynamic power.

5. If submerged tainter gate is controlled by plain gate winch hoist, disturbance

of steel cable and rest bar of fixed pulley block shall be prevented. Where fixed
pulley block or guide pulley device is set under the rest bar, their maintenance
and lubrication conditions shall be considered. Coupling shafts of movable
pulley block (or passing sag rod) and lifting eye of submerged tainter gate shall
be chrome-plated, and shall be equipped with lubricating devices. In addition,
axle hole shall have sheath.

5.2.7 Requirement of winch hoist controlling flap gate:

1. Movable pulley block shall be arranged higher than elevation of sediment

accumulation.

2. Elevation of gate hoist chassis bottom must be 0.21m- 0.2m higher than
travel route of gate top.

3. During operation of gate, steel cable shall not rub with gate flap, and
included angle between connection line of lifting eye center and lifting center of
gate hoist and the vertical line when the gate is fully opened shall not exceed
15 degree.

5.3 Screw Rod Gate Hoist

5.3.1 Electric screw rod gate hoist shall have reliable safety protection device
for electric or mechanical overload.

5.3.2 Manual and electric double-duty or manual screw rod gate hoist shall be
equipped with safety handle bars.

5.3.3 When manual mechanism and machine are connected with each other,
manual and electric double-duty shall have safety measures to break all circuit.

5.4 Hydraulic Gate Hoist

5.4.1 According to different operational requirements of gate, design working

condition of hydraulic cylinder of hydraulic gate hoist can adopt
double-direction action type or single-direction action type. For single-direction
action type hydraulic gate hoist, if there requirements of filling valve,
maintenance and installation, appropriate pressure can be added during
system design, but pressure value shall be kept in 0.5MPa - 1MPa.

5.4.2 Double hoisting point hydraulic gate hoist shall adopt relevant
synchronous measures according to different factors, such as type, size,
structural stiffness and lateral support of the gate to be controlled. During
operation of top-exposed tainter gate, if the tainter gate has reliable lateral
support and strong torsional stiffness, hydraulic system can adopt throttle
governing and deviation-correction circuit may not be set. In addition,
capacity of gate hoist is recommended to have appropriate reserves. If
hydraulic gate hoist adopts deviation-correction circuit, closed-loop control
shall be adopted, and reliable travel measuring system shall be adopted
according to requirements of synchronous precision. Also, pipe system is
recommended to be arranged symmetrically.

5.4.3 Reasonable arrangement of tainter gate hydraulic hoist shall give integral
consideration to hoisting capacity, travel, obliquity and swing angle.

5.4.4 Arrangement of pump station of hydraulic gate hoist:

1. Number of pump station of hydraulic gate hoist can be determined according

to operation requirement of gate, and one pump station can be set for one
hoist (two cylinders for one machine with double lifting eyes) and one pump
station can be shared by several hoists. Electric motor unit of oil pump in pump
station shall be equipped with stand-by electric motor unit of oil pump.

2. Arrangement of oil pump motors of hydraulic gate hoist shall consider

requirements of anti-vibration, noise-deadening and maintenance
convenience.

5.4.5 Hydraulic components shall adopt standard hydraulic components, and

system whose flow quantity is greater than 100L/min is recommended to give
priority to two-way cartridge inserted valve.

5.4.6 Safe and reliable travel supervision device shall be adopted according to
supervisory precision and requirements of hydraulic gate hoist; gate opening
instrument is recommended to adopt multi-rotation absolute sensor; stop
device with different theory is recommended to be set for extreme-position limit,
and shall not be substituted by overflow valve.

5.4.7 Working pressure of hydraulic system is recommended to be less than

25MPa; test pressure of hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic valve unit shall adopt
1.5P when P16MPa, and shall adopt 1.25P when P>16MPa.
Test pressure of pipe system shall adopt 1.5P when P16MPa, 1.25P when
16MPa<P25MPa, and 1.15P when P>25MPa; test pressure of oil return pipe
and oil exit pipe shall be determined according to 1.5 times internal pipe
pressure.

Test pressure duration shall exceed 10 minutes.

5.4.8 Piston rod of hydraulic cylinder of hydraulic gate hoist must adopt
anti-corrosion measures.

5.4.9 End bearings of hydraulic cylinder of top-exposed tainter gate hydraulic

hoist shall be of hinge structure type, and can be arranged at the center of
hydraulic cylinder where upper supporting point can meet relevant conditions.
If end bearing is adopted and vertical obliquity of hydraulic cylinder is relative
large when the gate is fully closed, yield-proof measures shall be adopted.
Generally, end bearing of hydraulic cylinder of hydraulic gate hoist adopts
globe bearing.

5.4.10 Beside fast valve hydraulic gate hoist, hydraulic fluid port of lower-cavity
of hydraulic cylinder is recommended to set hydraulic safety locking device.

5.5 Chain Gate Hoist

5.5.1 China gate hoist is mainly used to control top-exposed working gate.

5.5.2 Lifting speed of chain gate hoist shall not exceed 1m/min generally.

5.5.3 Double hoisting point chain gate hoist shall have reliable synchronous
devices to guarantee synchronous operation of the two hoisting points.

5.5.4 In order to prevent the chain from touching water during gate hoisting,
chain-withdrawing device shall be set at one end of chain.

5.5.5 Chain of chain gate hoist shall have anti-corrosion measures.

5.6 Mobile Gate Hoist

5.6.1 Span of mobile gate hoist and lifting height of working platform (dam crest,
tailrace platform) shall be able to satisfy requirements of gate operation and
trash rack.

5.6.2 Operational load and travel load of mobile gate hoist shall be determined
according to concrete conditions.
5.6.3 Generally, control and operation are realized on mobile gate hoist.

5.6.4 According to requirement of central arrangement, when mobile gate hoist

travels along a curve, reliable measures shall be adopted to prevent overload
and blocking.

5.6.5 According to concrete arrangement, mobile gate hoist with small capacity
can also adopt electric hoist and monorail trolley.

5.6.6 Anti-overturn stability of mobile gate hoist.

1. Verification of working condition

Working condition verification of anti-overturn reliability shall be determined

according to Table 5.6.6-1.

2. Proof of anti-overturn stability.

Anti-overturn stability of gate hoist shall be calculated under the worst load
combination according to working conditions listed in Table 5.6.6-2. If moment
of all load and gate hoist to overturn side is equal to or greater than zero
( M 0 ), the gate hoist can be deemed as stable.

During verification of anti-overturn stability, relevant dangerous side of gate

hoist shall be calculated.

Considering practical impact of different loads on stability, a load coefficient

shall be multiplied by all sorts of load moment during verification of
anti-overturn stability of gate hoist. For concrete values, see Table 5.6.6-2.

Table 5.6.6-1 Working Condition Verification

Verification of working condition Characteristics of working conditions
1 Static load without wind
2 Mobile load with wind
3 Off-work state in windstorm
 Table 5.6.6-2 Load Coefficient
Verification Self Load Horizontal Wind Remark
of Working Weight Inertia Power
Condition Force
(including
load)
1 0.95 1.4 0 0 Gate hoist with
2 0.95 1.2 1 1 cantilever shall verified
3 0.95 0 0 1.15 the following items:
(1) Longitudinal
(cantilever plane)
stability (working
condition 1, 2 and 3);
(2) Transverse (travel
direction) stability
(working condition 2
and 3). Transverse and
longitudinal stability
(working condition 2
and 3) shall be verified
for gate hoist without
cantilever.

5.6.7 Safety of gate hoist against wind and slide

Safety of gate hoist against wind and slide shall be verified according to the
following two working conditions:

1. Normal working condition:

Pz l 1.1Pw1 + Pa Pf (5.6.7-1)

Where,

Pzl refers to braking force generated by detent of running mechanism on wheel

tread, N;

Pwl refers to the maximum wind power along running direction under working
state, N;

Pa refers to sliding force caused by gradient, N;

Pf refers to frictional resistance during running of gate hoist, N; its running
frictional resistance coefficient shall be selected from Table 5.6.7.

When braking force Pzl is greater than adhesive force of wheel, Pzl shall be
substituted by adhesive force between wheel and track, and its adhesive
coefficient shall adopt 0.12.

Table 5.6.7 Running Frictional Resistance Coefficient

Slide Bearing Rolling Bearing
0.015 0.006
Note: =Pf/P, where P refers to total wheel pressure.

2. Off-working state

Pz2 1.1Pw2 + Pa - Pf (5.6.7-2)

Where,

Pz2 refers to clamping braking force generated by track clamp of running

mechanism along track direction, N;

Pw2 refers to maximum wind power of gate hoist under off-working condition
along running direction, N.

Friction factor between track and rail clamp (whose surface has scores and
that has been quenched) shall adopt 0.25, and the maximum operating force
on manual rail clamp shall not exceed 200N.

5.7 Safety Protection Device of Gate Hoist

In order to guarantee reliable operation of gate hoist, all sorts of gate hoists
shall be equipped with relevant safety devices.

5.7.1 Brake Apparatus

Besides hydraulic gate hoist, all mechanism of gate hoist shall be quipped with
brake apparatus. Screw rod gate hoist shall be equipped with brake apparatus
according to its structural type.

5.7.2 Load Limiter

Hoisting mechanism of gate hoist shall be equipped with load limiter (except in
special cases), and composite error of the load limiter shall not exceed 5%.
The load limiter can be of mechanical type or electrical type; hydraulic system
shall be equipped with overflow valve.

5.7.3 Travel Limiter

Running terminal of each mechanism of gate hoist shall be equipped with

relevant travel limiter.

5.7.4 Buffer

Running mechanism of all electric-drive mobile gate hoist shall be equipped

with buffer, or uptilted arch track can be adopted at track end as buffer.

5.7.5 Anemoscope

Exposed mobile gate hoist shall be equipped with anemoscope at upper part of
gate hoist where the wind is not blocked. When wind speed is faster than
limited working wind speed, the anemoscope shall be able to alarm to stop
work and automatically cut off power supply of running mechanism.

5.7.6 Rail clamp and anchor device

Exposed mobile gate hoist shall be equipped with rail clamp. When
off-working-state wind pressure exceeds 700N/m2 or the gate hoist may be
flooded, traction cable or other anchor device must be adopted.

5.7.7 Electric protection device

Electric protection device shall comply with provisions of 10.4 hereof.

5.8 Automatic Hooking Beam

5.8.1 Hydraulic shaft-crossing-type automatic hooking beam

This type of automatic hooking beam is manly used in operation of large and
medium gates. During design, water shall be prevented from enterring
electromotor, oil pump and junction box, and reliability of signal transmitter and
strength of cable shall be guaranteed. Hoisting speed of cable drum shall be in
accordance with the speed of lifting mechanism.

5.8.2 Mechanical automatic hooking beam

1. Weight automatic hooking beam

Weight automatic hooking beam can be divided into different types, such as
weight rotation type, weight hooking type and improvement type, and they are
usually used to control medium and small gates. Consideration shall be given
to design of position where there are relative rotation and slide, so as to
prevent failure of hooking due to corrosion, sand or other impurities.

2. Hook-type automatic hooking beam

During design of suck kind of hooking beam, running parts and locking devices
controlling the hook shall be considered, so as to prevent failure due to
corrosion, sand and other impurities.

3. Free-hook-type automatic hooking beam

This kind of automatic hooking beam is mainly used to control large and
medium gates. During design, hooking and clamping object shall match with
each other.

5.8.3 Design of automatic hooking beam

Design of automatic hooking beam shall satisfy the following requirements:

1. The gate shall better stop water at upper stream. Where gate stops water at
down stream, safety and reliability of underwater work shall be considered.

2. When operation of multi-leaves gate and trash rack, manufacturing and

installation accuracy of gate (rack) groove shall be improved, so as to be
adaptable to operation in gate (rake) groove.

3. Automatic hooking beam shall go through static balancing test, and

center-of-gravity position can be adjusted by counterweight. According to
different types, guidance orientation and safety devices shall be set, and
operation of hooking beam shall be guaranteed to be flexible, reliable and free
from incline and block.

4. Relative rotation and sliding parts of automatic hooking beam shall adopt
lubricating and anti-corrosion measures.
 6. Load

Different gate hoists may have different load requirements. Load combinations
listed bellow is applicable to gate hoist of different types.

6.0.1 Self-weight Load

Self-weight load refers to weight of gate hoist structure, mechanical equipment,

electric equipment and ballast.

6.0.2 Hoisting Load

Hoisting load refers to the maximum hoisting force, holding force and
pressure acted on lifting eye connecting gate hoist and gate (or sag rod,
automatic hooking beam).

6.0.3 Running load

Running load refers to vertical load, excepting self-weight, beared by mobile

gate hoist during operation, such as gate weight or weight of other materials.

6.0.4 Horizontal load

1. Running inertia force

Running inertia force refers to the inertia force generated by weight of gate
hoist, trolley and running load during start or stop of running mechanism.
Considering structural dynamic effect of gate hoist or trolley during sudden
start or variation of driving force, running inertia force shall be 1.5 times result
of weight multiplying running acceleration, but shall not exceed adhesive force
between driving wheel and track. For acceleration (deceleration), see Annex B.

2. Horizontal force during rotation of slewing hoist

During movement of slewing machine of slewing hoist, horizontal force

generated by hoisting weight (including wind power, inertia force generated by
start and centrifugal force during rotation) shall be calculated according to
horizontal force generated by inclination between carrying rope and plump line.

Under normal conditions, during calculation of drift angle of carrying rope of

motor power, aI = (0.25 - 0.3)aII; during calculation of fatigue and abrasion
mechanical parts, aI = (0.3 - 0.4)aII; during calculation of the mechanical
strength and anti-overturn stability, the maximum angle of drift of carrying rope
shall be aII; where n>0.33r/min, aII=4 degrees; where n0.33r/min, aII=2
degrees. Generally, centrifugal force of self weight of slewing hoist can be
neglected.

In calculation of metallic structure, horizontal force generated by slewing hoist

and hoisting weight (suspended weight) during start or stop of slewing hoist
shall be 1.5 times result of the weight multiplying acceleration of the weight
center (centrifugal force generated by weight of the slewing hoist is ignored
generally). Here, wind power acting on hoisting weight shall be calculated
separately and shall be overlapped along the worst direction. When the
calculated horizontal force of hoisting weight is bigger than horizontal force
calculated according to the maximum angle of drift aII, value of acceleration is
recommended to reduce.

3. Horizontal lateral force generated during oblique running of gate hoist

For horizontal lateral force generated during oblique running of gate-type,

bridge-type and platform hoist, see Annex C.

6.0.5 Impact load

1. Impact load generated by mobile gate hoist on buffer shall be calculated

according to practical dynamic energy generated practical impact speed of
bumping limit switch, but impact speed shall not be less than 50% of rated
running speed.

Impact load of fixed connect of buffer and buffer arresting device shall be
calculated according to impact condition of rated running speed.

2. During calculation of impact load, kinetic energy of hoisting weight will not
be considered for gate hoist whose hoisting weight can swing freely. But
hoisting weight shall be considered for gate hoist having guide frame to limit
hoisting weight from swinging.

6.0.6 Wind load

1. Exposed mobile gate hoist shall consider wind load. Wind load can be
divided into working-state wind load and off-working-state wind load.
Working-state wind load refers to the maximum calculated wind power that
gate hoist can bear in normal operation. Off-working-state wind load refers to
the maximum calculated wind power that gate hoist can bear under off-working
condition.

2. Wind load shall be calculated according to formula 6.0.6-1:

PwCKhqA (6.0.6-1)

Where,

Pw refers to wind load acting on gate hoist or hosting weight, N;

C refers to wind coefficient;
Kh refers to variation coefficient of wind pressure;
q refers to calculated wind pressure, N/m2;
A refers to windward area, which is vertical to wind direction, of gate hoist or
hoisting weight, m2.

In the above calculation, the worst condition action of wind power on gate hoist
shall be adopted.

3. Calculated wind pressure can be calculated according to formula 6.0.6-2:

q 0.613v2 (6.0.6-2)

Where,

v refers to calculation wind speed, m/s.

Calculation wind pressure shall be determined according to calculation wind

speed at a height where is 10m from the datum plane. Off-working-state
calculation wind pressure of mobile gate hoist shall be calculated according to
that the datum plane is the lower running level.

Calculation wind pressure can be divided into three types, such as qI, qII and
qIII. Among these three types, qI refers to calculation wind pressure of gate
hoist under normal working state, and it can be used for drag calculation during
selection of motor power and verification of heat-exerting of mechanical
components; qII refers to the maximum wind pressure in working state, and it
can be used to calculate strength, rigidity and stability of mechanical
components and to verify overload capacity of drive device and anti-overturn
stability of full machine in working state; qIII refers to calculation wind pressure
in off-working state, and it can be used to verify strength and anti-overturn
stability of mechanical components and metallic structure of gate hoist and for
design calculation of wind-prevention and slide-prevent device and anchorage
of gate hoist.

Calculation wind pressures of gate hoist are listed in Table 6.0.6-1. If local
weather data are available, the calculation wind pressure shall be calculated
according to the most-frequent maximum wind speed provided in local weather
data.
4. Altitude variation coefficient of wind pressure Kh

Working state calculation wind pressure of gate hoist shall not consider
variation of altitude (Kh=1). Variation coefficient Kh of wind pressure following
altitude in off-working state shall be calculated according to formula 6.0.6-3
and 6.0.6-4.

For land: Kh = (h/10)0.3 (6.0.6-3)

For island and sea Kh = (h/10)0.2 (6.0.6-4)

Where,

h refers to height from calculation point to datum plane, m.

In the calculation, the height can be divided into isotonic wind segment at
every 20m, and then using the coefficient Kh of height of midpoint at each
segment to multiply the calculation wind pressure.

Table 6.0.6-1 Calculation Wind Pressure (N/m2)

Region Calculation wind Calculation wind pressure
pressure in working state in off-working state
qI qII qIII
Inland 0.6qII 150 500-600
Coastal area 250 600-1000
Taiwan Province and 250 1500
Hainan Province
Note: 1. Coastal area refers to land or island within 100Km far from coastline.
2. qII is recommended to adopt small value in inland of North China,
Middle China and South China; to adopt big value in northwest,
southwest and northeast of China, and Shanghai shall be taken as a
border in costal area, so qII shall adopt 800N/m2 in Shanghai, adopt
small value in costal area north of Shanghai and adopt big value in
costal area south of Shanghai; qII value of off-working-state wind
pressure of gate hoist used at areas where are usually suffered from
storm, such as Zhanjiang, or where there are frequent light wind,
shall be calculated by formula 6.0.6-2 according to yearly maximum
wind speed recorded in local weather data.
3. Where wind pressure qII = 150N/m2, equivalent wind speed is
15.6m/s; where wind pressure qII = 250N/m2, equivalent wind speed
is 20.19m/s.

5. Wind coefficient C
1) for wind coefficient C of single-slice structure and single-piece object of gate
hoist, see Table 6.0.6-2.

2) For space structure with two or more pieces, the wind coefficient can adopt
the wind coefficient of single-piece structure. For calculation of windward area,
see Annex D.

3) Wind load of space truss with triangle cross section can adopt 1.25 times
wind load on projected area of truss vertical to wind.

4) When wind direction and structure form a angle, wind load on structure can
be calculated by dividing the wind load into two forces along two directions
according to the angle formed.

Table 6.0.6-2 Wind Coefficient C of Single-slice Structure

No. Structural type C
1 Plane girder made of molded steel (solidity 1.6
ratio =0.3 - 0.6)
2 Molded steel, L/h 5 1.3
steel plate, 10 1.4
molded steel 20 1.6
girder, steel 30 1.7
plate girder 40 1.8
and 50 1.9
box-section
component
3 Circular pipe Qd2 1
and tubular 3
structure 7
10
13
4 Closed driver's cab, machine room, balancing 1.1 - 1.2
weight, steel rope and objects.
Note: 1. In this table, L refers to length of structure or structural component, h
refers to height of windward face, m and q refer to calculation wind
pressure (see Table 6.0.6-1) (in N/m2); d refers to exterior caliber of
pipe (in m);
2. When driver's cab is set on ground, C = 1.1, when it is suspended
over ground, C = 1.2.

6.0.7 Temperature load

Generally, temperature load is not considered.

6.0.8 Installation load

During design of gate hoist, load generated during installation must be

considered. During installation of exposed gate hoist, wind pressure shall
adopt 100N/m2.

6.0.9 Snow load

Snow load is only considered at area where there is snow frequently, and its
value shall be determined according to local relevant data.

6.0.10 Gradient load

If gate hoist is movable on track, when installation gradient is not greater than
0.3#, gradient load can not be considered, otherwise, gradient load shall be
calculated according to practical gradient.

6.0.11 Earthquake load

When basic intensity of earthquake at area where gate hoist is used is equal to
or greater than 7 degrees, horizontal earthquake load shall be considered.

6.0.12 Test load

Before gate hoist is used, dynamic load and static load tests shall be carried
out. The testing field shall be solid and plane, and wind speed shall not exceed
8.3m/s generally. Dynamic test shall adopt 110% of rated load, and static test
shall adopt 125% of rated load. The test shall be carried out to the worst
position of the gate hoist. Where there are special requirements, special
consideration can be taken.

Large mobile gate hoist can also adopt hydraulic dynamometer to carry out the
test. During the test, testing regulations must be established to regulate
load-adding order and methods which shall be observed.
 7. Material

7.1 Casting Material

7.1.1 Carbon steel casting shall adopt ZG230-450, ZF270-500, ZG310-570

and ZG340-640 stipulated in GB/T 11352.

7.1.2 Alloy steel casting shall adopt ZG35CrMo, ZG42CrMo, ZG40crz65Mn,

ZG40Mn2 and ZG50Mn2 regulated in JB/ZQ4297.

7.1.3 Gray pig iron casting shall adopt HTl50, HT200 and HT250 stipulated in
GB/T 9439.

7.1.4 Ductile cast iron shall adopt QT450-10 and QT500-7 stipulated in GB/T
1348.

7.1.5 Copper-alloy casting shall adopt ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5, ZCuSn10Pb1,

ZCuA110Fe3, ZCuA110Fe, 3Mn2, ZCuZn38Mn2Pb2 and
ZCuZn25A16Fe3Mn3 stipulated in GB/T 1176.

7.2 Forging

7.2.1 Carbon steel forging shall adopt 20, 25, 35, 45, 50Mn and 65Mn
stipulated in GB/T 699.

7.2.2 Alloy steel forging shall adopt relevant materials stipulated in GB/T 3077.

7.2.3 Stainless steel forging shall adopt relevant material stipulated in JB/ZQ
4295.

7.3 Structural Metallic Material

7.3.1 Generally, structural metallic material shall adopt 0235 stipulated in GB/T
700 or Q345 stipulated in GB/T 1591.

7.3.2 Main bearing material shall adopt Q235C or Q345C.

7.3.3 When temperature at local area where the gate hoist is used is equal to
or lower than -20, Q235D or Q345D shall be adopted.

7.4 Joint Material

7.4.1 Welding material

1. Welding rod of manual welding shall adopt relevant types stipulated in GB/T
5117 and GB/T 5118. Selection of type of welding rod shall conform to strength
of main metal.

2. Automatic and semi-automatic welding shall adopt welding wire and welding
flux shall conform to strength of main metal.
7.4.2 Riveting material

Generally, riveting material shall adopt ML2, ML3, Q235 and Q215 stipulated
in GB/T 116i.

7.4.3 Bolting

1. Common bolt

Materials of bolt and stud shall comply with provisions of GB/T 3098.1 and
GB/T 3098.3, and nut material shall comply with provisions of GB/T 3098.2
and GB/T 3098.4.

2. Stainless steel bolt

Materials of stainless steel bolt, screw, stud and nut shall comply with
provisions of GB/T 3098.6.

3. High-strength bolt

Materials of high-strength bolt, nut and washer shall comply with provisions of
GB/T 1231 and GB/T 3633.
 8. Mechanism

8.1 Hoisting Mechanism

8.1.1 Electromotor

1. Static power of mechanism shall be calculated according to hoisting load,

weight of hoisting tools, rated hoisting speed and mechanism efficiency, and
electromotor shall be selected according to static power, working mode, load
duration rate and load duration. Generally, electromotor can not go through
verification of overload and heat-generation.

1. Static power of mechanism can also be calculated according to equivalent

hoisting load, weight of hoisting tools, rated hoisting speed and mechanism
efficiency, and electromotor can also be selected according to static power,
working mode, load duration rate or load duration. In this case, electromotor
shall go through verification of overload and heat generation. For verification
methods, see Annex J and K.

2. Except for hydraulic gate hoist, hoisting mechanism is recommended to

select metallurgy and hoisting motor according to short-term (or intermittent)
working system. Pump unit of hydraulic gate hoist can select asynchronous
motor without speed-regulation requirements according to start with zero load.

3. Except for fast gate hoist, mean acceleration of mechanism shall not be less
than 0.3m/s2.

8.1.2 Detent

Each independent drive device shall be equipped with a supporting detent.

And braking safety coefficients are as follows:

1. If there is one set drive device and one detent, braking safety coefficient of
the detent shall not be less than 1.75.

2. If there is one drive device and two detents, braking safety coefficient of
each detent shall be calculated according to total braking moment and shall
not be less than 1.25;

3. If there are two sets of drive devices having rigid connection and one detent
is set for each, braking safety coefficient of each detent shall be calculated
according to total braking moment and shall not be less than 1.25.

4. If there are two sets of drive devices having rigid connection and two detents
are set for each, safety coefficient of each detent shall be calculated according
to total braking moment and shall not be less than 1.1.

Deceleration caused by common braking shall be less than 0.3m/s2.

8.1.3 Decelerator

Relevant decelerator shall be selected according to calculation load and total

transmission ratio of the hoisting mechanism. Generally, decelerator of
winch-type, chain-type and mobile gate hoist shall be composed of standard
decelerator and open-gear transmission. Single-class transmission ratio of
open gear is recommended not to exceed 6.3.

8.2 Running Mechanism

8.2.1 Determination of static running resistance

Static running resistance includes frictional resistance, ramp resistance and

wind resistance.

Frictional resistance includes resistance caused by friction between wheel and

track during running of gate hoist with load (self weight of gate), frictional
resistance in wheel bearing and additional resistance between wheel rim and
track side. Generally, the aforesaid third resistance is calculated according to
the first and second frictional resistances multiply a additional coefficient.

Ramp resistance refers to the resistance generated during mechanism with full
load travels along a gradient.

Wind resistance refers to resistance caused by calculation wind pressure on

exposed gate hoist in normal working state.

8.2.2 Electromotor

Static power of mechanism shall be calculated according to static running

resistance, running speed and mechanism efficiency. Electromotor shall be
selected according to static power of mechanism, working mode of
electromotor and load duration rate. Where inertia is relative large, inertia force
shall also be considered.

Generally, electromotor shall go through verification of overload and heat

generation, and value of acceleration shall be controlled. For verification
method, see Annex K and L.
Generally, value of mean acceleration caused during start of mechanism can
be adopted according to Annex B.

8.2.3 Detent

Total braking moment transferred from braking moment of running mechanism

and running minimum frictional resistance (excepting frictional resistance
between wheel rim and track side) to the brake axle shall be able to satisfy that
gate hoist or trolley with running load, down the wind and downhill conditions
can be stopped within specific time limit, but selection of detent shall guarantee
that the braking time will not cause track-slip between drive wheel and track.

8.2.4 Track-slip verification

Generally, main drive wheel shall not slip on track during start or braking of
running mechanism. During verification, adherence coefficient between steel
wheel and track shall adopt 0.12 for outdoor work; 0.15 for indoor work; and
0.2-0.258 when there are sands on steel track.

8.3 Turning Mechanism

8.3.1 Equivalent static resistance moment

Equivalent static resistance moment of turning mechanism includes frictional

resistance moment, equivalent wind resistance moment and ramp resistance
moment in normal working state.

8.3.2 Electromotor

Required equivalent power shall be calculated according to equivalent static

resistance moment, turning speed and mechanism efficiency of turning
mechanism, and electromotor shall be selected according to equivalent power,
working mode of electromotor and load duration rate of the mechanism.

Primarily selected electromotor of turning mechanism must go through

verification of overload and starting acceleration, which shall be within 0.1m/s2
- 0.3m/s2 generally.

8.2.3 Detent

Braking moment of detent of turning mechanism shall be able to stop turning

part under the worst working state and the maximum turning radius, and
braking deceleration shall be within 0.1m/s2 0.3m/s2 generally.
8.3.4 Limit moment rotating joint

Transmission mechanism that has self-locking possibility shall be equipped

with limit moment rotating joint. If non-self-locking mechanism is not equipped
with limit moment rotating joint, transmission mechanism shall go through
verification of static strength in accident state.

8.4 Hydraulic System

8.4.1 Arrangement of hydraulic system

1. Except for specific components, equipments of hydraulic system shall be

arranged in machine room, where fire protection, ventilation, moisture-proof,
insulation, flood-proof and drainage measures shall be considered.

2. Arrangement of various hydraulic components and valve shall be as neat

and convenient as possible. Indication meter and gauge and hydraulic
components (overflow valve, pressure meter switch and oil filter) requiring
adjustment or supervision shall be arranged at a position where is convenient
for observation and operation.

3. Oil purifier is recommended to be adopted.

8.4.2 Hydraulic system shall go through verification of pressure loss. Where

here are frequent work, heat generation shall be verified, and oil temperature is
recommended not be exceed 50.

8.4.3 Hydraulic system shall also go through calculation of leakage and

hydrodynamic shock.

8.4.4 Oil tank:

1. Volume of oil tank shall satisfy working requirements of gate hoist and
storage of hydraulic oil.

2. If electromotor unit of oil pump is arranged on the tope of oil tank, top plate
of the oil tank shall have enough rigidity.

3. Structural design of oil tank shall consider filling and discharging of hydraulic
oil and cleaning of oil tank. Oil pointer shall be set at easily-visible position on
tank wall, and the highest and lowest oil level shall also be marked. Bottom of
the oil tank shall be made into a gradient oblique to oil outlet.

4. Oil suction pipe and oil return pipe shall be as far as possible from each
other and shall be isolated by clapboard. Height of the clapboard shall not be
lower than 3/4 height from the highest oil level to tank bottom. If sieve is set on
the clapboard, the clapboard shall be higher than the highest oil level.

5. Oil suction pipe and oil return pipe shall be inserted lower than the lowest oil
level, and distance from the oil suction pipe to tank bottom shall not be less
than 2 time pipe caliber, and to tank wall shall not be less than 3 time pipe
caliber. The lowest oil level shall be 100mm higher than the oil suction pipe and
shall be larger than 3 times pipe caliber. Distance from oil return pipe to tank
bottom shall be less than 2 times of pipe caliber. Pipe ends shall be obliquely
cut with 45 degree, and oil outlet shall face tank wall.

6. Oil tank shall adopt stainless steel.

7. Where oil re-filling tank is set, volume, setting elevation, pipeline joint and
caliber of oil re-filling tank shall be able to guarantee sufficient oil filling at
upper cavity when hydraulic cylinder piston drops.

8. If hydraulic gate hoist is set in cold region and will be operated in winter,
heating device and thermometer are recommended to be set. During operation
of heating device, local overheating of hydraulic oil shall be prevented.

9. Vent with air filter, oil filling orifice with filter screen and magnetic device shall
be set on oil tank.

8.4.5 Hydraulic oil

1. Requirement of hydraulic oil

1) Hydraulic work oil shall have certain viscosity and favorable

viscosity-temperature characteristics, and petroleum-type hydraulic oil is
generally adopted.

2) Hydraulic work oil shall have the following characteristics, such as favorable
lubrication, anti-oxidation, corrosion-free, fire resistance, anti-emulsification,
damage-free for sealing material and shall have certain foam-eliminating
capacity.

3) Hydraulic work oil shall be pure and shall not have mechanical impurities
and water. Cleanness of hydraulic oil shall reach class 7-9 of NASl638
standard or class 16/13 - 18/15 of GB/T 14039. Servo system shall be selected
according to requirements of valve block.

2. Dynamic viscosity of work oil shall be selected according to type of oil pump,
working temperature and system pressure, see Table 8.4.5.

3. If hydraulic gate hoist is set in low-temperature region and will be used in all
seasons, when oil cylinder is arranged outdoor and there is no equipment to
heat oil liquid, freezing point of hydraulic oil shall be at least 15 - 20 lower
than the lowest environmental temperature.

Table 8.4.5 Selection of Oil Type and Viscosity according to Working

Temperature Range
Pump type Pressure Movement viscosity/(mm2/s) Type and
5 - 40 40 - 80 viscosity
class of oil
applicable
vane pump Below 7MPa 30 50 40 75 HM oil, 32,
Above 7MPa 50 - 70 55 - 90 46, 68
HM oil, 46,
68, 10
Gear pump 30 - 70 95 - 165 HL oil, (HM
for medium
and high
pressures),
32, 46, 68,
100, 150
radial-plunger 30 50 65 - 240 HL oil, (HM
pump for medium
and high
pressures),
32, 46, 68,
100, 150
axial plug 40 70 - 150 HL oil, (HM
pump for medium
and high
pressures),
32, 46, 68,
100, 150
Note: 1. 5-40 and 40-80 are working temperature range of hydraulic
system.
2. Hv shall be adopted in cold area and Hs shall be adopted in chilliness
area.
3. Where there are gunmetal components and silvered components,
attention shall be paid to selection of HM oil, and ashless HM oil or
low-zinc HM oil shall be adopted.

8.4.6 Filter
1. Filtration precision of filter in hydraulic system shall be determined according
to filtration precision requirements of pump and value samples that have been
selected.

2. Filter is recommended to be arranged at oil return mouth, and filterability

shall be greater than 3 times oil return capacity of oil pump. If filter is arranged
at oil suction mouth, filterability of oil suction filter shall be greater than 5 times
oil suction capacity of oil pump. Filterability of pressure filter shall be greater
than 2 times oil passing capacity. Filter is recommended to have pressure
difference signal transmitter and bypath relief valve.

3. Air filter set on oil tank shall have de-humidity function.

8.4.7 Hydraulic pipeline

1. Efforts shall be made to guarantee short pipe, less bending and neat
arrangement, and bending degree shall not be less than 90 degree. The
minimum curvature shall not exceed 3 times external caliber generally, and
high-pressure and low-pressure pipes shall be divided by obvious different
colors.

2. If hose is adopted, the hose shall not be tensioned or tortured, and shall not
abrade with other objects during movement. Length of straight part from end to
bending part shall not be less than 6 times hose caliber, and bending radius
shall not be less than 10 times external hose caliber.

3. Oil pipe shall adopt stainless steel seamless pipe. For calculation of relevant
diameter and wall thickness, see Annex H.

4. After installation and before debugging of hydraulic pipeline system, rinsing

device shall be adopted to rinse oil liquid circularly. After circular rinsing,
cleanness of pipeline system shall be able to reach requirements of item 3 of
clause 1 in article 8.4.5.

5. Arrangement space among pipes shall be able to satisfy requirements of

installation, operation and maintenance of pipe, valve and flange.

6. During arrangement of pipeline, manual stop valve shall be equipped at

connection of pump station and hydraulic cylinder.

8.5 Calculation Principle of Parts

8.5.1 Calculation method

Strength calculation includes static strength calculation and fatigue strength
calculation.

Strength calculation methods refer to permissible stress method and safety

factor method.

Some parts (such as screw rod) shall also go through calculation of rigidity and
stability.

Long high-speed transmission shaft shall also go through verification of critical

speed.

8.5.2 Calculation load

1. Fatigue calculation basic load:

1) Fatigue calculation basic load borne by parts of hoisting mechanism shall be

calculated by 0.6-1 time moment (or force) transmitted by hoisting force to the
calculation parts according to type of gate and working property. And fatigue
calculation basic load of parts on high-speed shaft shall be calculated
according to 1.3-1.4 times rated moment of electromotor.

2) Fatigue calculation basic load of parts of running and returning mechanism

shall be the total moment of inertia moment and static resistance moment
borne by parts during starting of mechanism. And it can be estimated
according to formula 8.5.2-1:

MImax = (1 22.0)Mn (8.5.2-1)

Where,

MIma refers to fatigue calculation basic load moment of calculation part, Nm;
Mn refers to moment transmitted from rated moment of electromotor to
calculation part, Nm

Coefficients 1.2-2.0 refer to rigidity dynamic load coefficients, being related to

the ratio of drive characteristics of electromotor and rotation inertia moment of
calculation part.

2. The maximum working load shall be used to calculate static strength of

calculation part.

1) The maximum load of hoisting mechanism shall adopt 1-1.2 times moment
(or force) transmitted from hoisting force on to calculation part, and part on
high-speed shaft shall adopt the result of rated moment of electromotor
multiplying 1.3-1.4. In special cases, it can be verified according to the
maximum running torque of electromotor, and permissible stress of part can
adopt 0.9s of material.

2) If the maximum working load of running and returning mechanism is

adopted during starting or braking of mechanism, the maximum oscillatory
torque borne by part can be estimated according to formula 8.5.2-2:

MIImax = (1.1 - 1.5)Mnmax (8.5.2-2)

Where,

MIImax refers to the maximum oscillatory torque of calculation part, Nm.

When elastic vibration is considered, the biggest one among augmenting

coefficient of moment, system elasticity and damp shall adopt the smallest
value.

3. The maximum off-working load shall be determined by combination of

maximum off-working wind load and weight of equipment. maximum
off-working load belongs to non-frequent load and it can be used to verify static
strength of some components.

4. Special Load:

1) Buffer impact load: it refers to dynamic load generated during buffer impacts
running mechanism of mobile gate hoist. It can be estimated according to
formula 8.5.2-3:

MIIImax = 0.25(R/i) PImax (8 5.2-3)

Where,

MIIImax refers to moment generated during buffer impact on to drive shaft of

running mechanism, Nm;

R refers to wheel radius, m;

i refers to total transmission ratio of running mechanism;

PImax refers to the total maximum wheel pressure during running of drive
wheel of calculation transmission mechanism, N.
2) Installation load: it shall comply with provisions of 6.0.8.

3) Test load: it shall comply with provisions of 6.0.12.

8.5.3 Number of stress cycles

During calculation of fatigue strength of transmission parts, number of stress

cycles shall be calculated within required design service life. If stress variation
is absolute value of 10% of maximum stress, number of stress cycles may not
be calculated.

Number of stress cycles N can be calculated according to formula 8.5.3:

N = FZ (8.5 3)

Where,

F refers to number of stress cycles of part per hour;

Z refers to total design service life of part, h.

Generally, service life of mechanism parts shall be calculated according to

design service life of mechanism. In certain cases, due to economic
consideration or technical limitation, design service life of some parts may be
different from design service life of mechanism.

8.5.4 Strength limitation

During calculation of static strength, yielding limitation of material that has

favorable plasticity may be adopted as yielding point of parts.

If ratio of yielding limitation of material s to extension strength b is greater

than 0.7, in order to avoid brittle rupture due to exceeding yielding limitation of
material, it is stipulated that imagined yielding point shall be calculated
according to formula 8.5.4-1 and 8.5.4-2:
8.5.5 Fatigue strength limitation

Generally, fatigue strength limitation is obtained through verification or

calculation. Value of fatigue strength limitation of parts depends on:

1. Characteristics of stress cycle (min/max)

2. Quality of material;

3. Shape and dimension change of parts;

4. size of parts;

5. surface condition of parts.

8.5.6 Strength verification

Mechanical transmission parts must go through strength verification. But due

to that load duration is short and rare and may not cause fatigue damage or
excessive wear, so fatigue and antiwear verification can not be carried out.
Strength verification shall satisfy formula 8.5.6:

yielding point or fatigue strength limitation of part

Calculated stress (8.5.6)
strength safety coefficient

Strength safety coefficient shall be adopted according to provisions of Table

8.5.6.

8.5.7 Abrasion

For parts that are often exposed to abrasion in operation, wearing amount of
the frictional face shall be guaranteed within allowed range. For detent, clutch
and sliding bearing, pressure intensity p on unit area of section and
characteristic coefficient pv (p multiply related speed to frictional surface) shall
be verified, so as to guarantee its wearing amount within allowable value. For
allowable physical quantity of material of frictional surface, see Annex E.

Table 8.5.6 Strength Safety Coefficient

Calculation content Fatigue Static strength verification
verification Maximum Maximum
nI working load off-working load,
nII special load nIII
Hoisting Forging 1.6 1.6 1.4
mechanism and rolling
pieces
Casting 1.8 1.8 1.6
steel
Returning, Forging 1.4 1.4 1.2
running and rolling
mechanisms pieces
Casting 1.6 1.6 1.4
steel
Note: For gate hoist of special importance, safety coefficient can be
appropriately increased.

8.6 Component Design

8.6.1 Lifting hook, lifting folk and lifting shaft

Generally, lifting hook and lifting folk shall adopt high-quality low-carbon killed
steel or low-carbon alloy steel.

Lifting shaft shall adopt high-quality carbon steel or alloy constructional steel.

During design of lifting hook or lifting folk, plane elasticity bent lever method
shall be adopted for calculation. Generally, lifting hook or lifting folk can be
selected according to hoisting force and working class.

Lifting shaft shall consider the worst condition, and its calculation load shall be
the maximum working load and its working state can adopt static load.

8.6.2 Steel cable, pulley and drum

1. Generally, steel cable of gate hoist shall adopt galvanized steel cable
(especially in underwater working condition), and linear contact lay steel cable
shall be adopted preferentially. Multiple-wound steel cable is recommended to
adopt metallic-corer steel cable; and mono-wound steel cable that is often
submerged under water is recommended to adopt asbestos-core steel cable.

Strength of steel cable shall satisfy requirements of formula 8.6.2-1:

F0 nS (8.6.2-1)
Where,

F0 refers to failure pull of steel cable adopted, N;

n refers to the minimum safety coefficient of steel cable, see Table 8.6.2-1;

S refers to the maximum static working pull of steel cable, N; when lift head is
larger than 50m, weight of steel cable shall also be considered.

The maximum declination angle of steel cable winding in and out from pulley
groove shall not exceed 3.5 degree generally.

Where steel cable is wound in or pulled out from drum, deviation angle of steel
cable from two sides of screw shall not exceed 3.5 degree generally.

For single drum or multiple-wound drum, angle that steel cable deviates from
vertical plane of drum is recommended not to exceed 2 degree.

2. Drum calculated according to diameter of steel cable and minimum coiling

diameter of pulley shall be calculated according to formula 8.6.2-2:

D0min = ed (8.6.2-2)

Where,

e refers to coefficient related to working class of mechanism, see Table

8.6.2-2;

d refers to diameter of steel cable, mm.

Diameter of balanced pulley shall adopt 0.8 time D0min.

Table 8.6.2-1 Minimum safety Coefficient of Steel Cable

Table 8.6.2-2 Coefficient of Drum and Pulley e

3. Pulley and drum shall be made of cast iron generally, and its number shall
not be less than HT200 stipulated in GB/T 9439. Gate hoist with large capacity
is recommended to adopt cast steel or welding pulley; drum is commended to
adopt welding drum or progressively-welded cast steel.

4. Strength calculation and stability verification of drum:

If L3D, only maximum pressure stress on drum wall surface can be

calculated.

If L>3D, besides calculation pressure stress, combined stress generated by

bending moment and torque shall also be verified.

If D1200mm and L>2D, besides strength calculation, drum wall shall also go
through stability verification. Where, D refers to bottom diameter of drum
groove, mm; L refers to drum length, mm.

For strength calculation and stability verification of drum, see Annex G.

8.6.3 Gear and worm gear transmission

1. Common gear material

Small gear shall adopt high-quality carbon steel or alloy constructional steel;
and big gear shall adopt cast carbon steel or alloy cast steel. Material selection
and heat treatment hardness shall match with gears.

Usual materials of worm gear: worm wheel shall adopt copper base alloy or
zinc base alloy, and small equipment and equipment used to transmit small
load can also adopt cast iron; worm rod shall adopt high-quality carbon steel or
alloy constructional steel.

2. Where gear adopts soft tooth surface or half-hard tooth surface, hardness of
tooth surface of small gear shall be 30HB higher than the hardness of big gear;
when gear adopts hard tooth surface, hardness of tooth surface of small and
big gear shall be basically identical.
3. Gear transmission shall calculate contact strength of tooth surface and
bending strength of gear. For closed-type gear transmission, tooth surface is
recommended to adopt half-hard tooth surface.

Worm gear is mainly used in mechanism (such as returning mechanism and

running mechanism) having large transmission rate and close structural
arrangement. Strength calculation of gear worm shall be based on calculation
contact strength on tooth surface, bending strength of worm wheel tooth shall
go through verification; if worm rod is also used as transmission shaft, strength
calculation and rigidity calculation shall be carried out on shaft basis.

8.6.4 Shaft

1. Shaft material: usual material of shaft shall adopt medium carbon steel; and
the most-commonly-used material is 45 stipulated in GB/T 699, and 35SiMn,
42SiMn, 40MnB, 40Cr and 40 CrNi alloy steel can also be adopted.

2. Original size of shaft can go through preliminary strength calculation

according to permissible stress method. Shaft structure can be determined
according to the preliminary size obtained and all necessary factors, and then
practical safety coefficient of dangerous section shall be determined and its
rigidity shall be calculated.

3. Critical rotation speed of shaft: if rotation speed of long transmission shaft

exceed 400r/min, beside calculation of strength and rigidity, critical rotation
speed shall also be verified and shall satisfy requirements of formula 8.6.4-1:

Where,

nmax refers to practical maximum rotation speed of shaft, r/min;

ncr refers to critical rotation speed, r/min;

d1 refers to interior diameter of shaft, mm; when solid shaft is adopted, d1=0;

d2 refers to exterior diameter of shaft, mm;

L refers to supporting space of shaft, m.

4. Calculation of shaft rigidity can adopt the following values:

1) Maximum deflection shall not exceed 0.0003 time space among supporting
points generally.

2) Maximum deflection of shaft with gear shall not exceed 0.01-0.03 time gear
module generally.

3) Maximum deflection angle caused by deflection at supporting point shall not

exceed 0.001 rad generally.

4) Generally, allowable torsion angle shall adopt 0.5 /m.

8.6.5 Decelerator

1. If standard decelerator is adopted, total design service life shall conform to

working class of relevant mechanism where it belongs to. Decelerator shall be
selected according to rated load or rated power of electromotor or working
conditions required. When necessary, maximum radial load at output shaft of
decelerator shall be verified.

2. During design of decelerator, load capacities (referring to contact strength of

tooth surface) of each transmission class shall be basically identical.
Supporting axle of decelerator gear shall have enough strength and rigidity,
and type and size of gear shall be selected according to weight and direction of
load and application requirements. Shell of decelerator shall have enough
strength and rigidity.

3. Lubrication of decelerator shall adopt oil bath lubrication generally. If special

oil pump lubrication is adopted, high-speed meshing gear shall go through
splash lubrication before starting.

8.6.6 Coupling

If coupling is adopted on gate hoist, type shall be determined according to

working condition and then selection shall be made from standard specification
table of coupling according to transmission moment, shaft size and rotation
speed, and formula 8.6.6-1 shall be satisfied:

Mc Mt (8.6.6-1)

Mc nMIImax (8.6.6-2)
Where,

Mc refers to calculation moment of coupling, and it shall be calculated

according to formula 8.6.6-1, Nm;

n refers to safety coefficient of coupling; for hoisting mechanism, n = 1.8; for

other mechanism, n = 1.5;

Mt refers to rated moment listed in specification parameter of coupling, Nm;

MIImax see clause 2 of 8.5.2.

8.6.7 Bearing

1. Generally, sliding bearing is used in low-speed and heavy-load transmission

of gate hoist, such as movable pulley block of high-lift gate hoist that is usually
submerged underwater, and sliding bearing may also be used to support drum.
Bearing shall be determined according to journal size, and result obtained
through maximum unit pressure P multiplying its relative linear speed against
the rotation frictional surface, namely pv value, shall be verified to not exceed p
value and pv value. For p value and pv value, see Annex E. [

2. During selection of rolling bearing, the following items shall be given:

1) Generally, total design service life of bearing can be identical to working

class of mechanism, or one class lower then working class of mechanism
where necessary.

2) Rotation speed of rolling part of bearing. rolling bearing whose rotation

speed is less than 10r/min shall only go through rated static load calculation.

3) Radial applied load.

4) Axial applied load.

5) Working condition and working state (property of working load, rotation

housing washer, humidity, type and supply method of lubricant).

6) Structural shape and overall size of bearing.

According to the aforesaid conditions, equivalent dynamic load or equivalent

static load can be calculated. After calculation of required rated dynamic load
or rated static load, rolling bearing can be selected.
8.6.8 Load limiter

Gate hoist shall be equipped with reliable and adjustment-convenient hoisting

load limiter. If load on hoisting load limiter exceeds 10% of rated load, overload
alarm signal shall be made and power supply shall be cut off. Normal operation
shall be able to be recovered after correct load is obtained. If necessary,
deficient load limiter can be set.

Standard value of lifting force and holding force (or downward pressure) shall
be adjusted according to requirement of gate. If necessary, lifting force and
holding force (or downward pressure) can be limited separately.

Lever-type and centrifugal-type load limiters are often adopted. Electric

protection device and special electronic apparatus (such as electronic scale)
shall be maintained if they are used as overload protection device.

8.6.9 Indication and position control of lift head (travel)

1. Lift head (travel) indication: mechanical type or electronic type can be

adopted, and detection precision and display precision shall be determined
according to operation requirements and value of lift head (travel).

2. Position control: gate hoist shall have extreme-position limiter, and other
positions (such as filling valve of gate) can be controlled according to concrete
requirements. When gate hoist reaches control position, power supply shall be
cut off automatically or alarm signal shall be given out.

Running mechanism shall be equipped with travel limiter. When big and small
trolley reach extreme positions, power supply shall be cut off automatically and
alarm signal shall be given out.

Returning mechanism having rotation angle requirement shall be equipped

with returning limiter, and when mechanism returns to extreme positions,
power supply shall be cut off automatically and alarm signal shall be given out.

8.6.10 Buffer

Buffer shall be designed according to impact kinetic energy (see 6.0.5). Buffer
shall be designed according to the maximum impact force generated during
gate hoist runs in rated speed, and strength safety coefficient shall be 1.15
under such condition.

Gate host can adopt spring buffer, rubber buffer and hydraulic buffer. Small
gate hoist adopt spring buffer, but wooden buffer can also be adopted.

8.6.11 Wheel and track

1. Wheel material shall adopt 45, 65Mn stipulated in GB/T 699, ZG 340-640
stipulated in GB/T 11352, and ZG35CrMnSi and ZG34CrNiMo stipulated in
JB/ZQ 4297.

2. Generally, diameter of wheel shall not exceed 1.25m. When rated running
load is carried, wheel tread shall be calculated according to fatigue; if
maximum load is lifted, wheel tread shall be calculated according to strength.
For calculation of wheel tread, see Annex G.

3. Medium and small gate hoist shall adopt P-type railway steel track generally,
large gate hoist can adopt QU-type crane-special track. For strength
calculation formula, see Annex G. Track of electric block shall adopt rolled I
bar.

8.6.12 Lift bolt and nut

Generally, lift bolt of screw rod gate hoist adopts Q275 stipulated in GB/T 700
and 35 and 45 stipulated in GB/T699.

Load bearing nut shall be made of cast bronze generally. And those having low
relative slip speed can adopt cast iron or ductile cast iron.

Screw thread shall adopt trapezoidal thread generally; in order to guarantee

self-locking, angle of lead of screw middle line is recommended to be
4 a 4.5

1. Lift bolt: slenderness ratio of pressure screw rod 200, tension screw rod
250. Slenderness ratio of important screw rod shall be appropriated
reduced.

Conversion coefficient of calculation length of screw rod: when one end of

screw rod adopts swing joint and the other end adopts fixed joint, =0.7; when
both ends of screw rod adopt swing joint, =1.0.

Under pressure working conditions, screw rod shall go through stability

verification.

Besides tension and pressure, screw rod also bear twisting moment. Screw
rod of oscillating-type screw rod gate hoist also bears bending moment. For
calculation of bending moment, see Annex G.
2. Load-bearing nut: working height H of nut shall be determined according to
allowable bearing stress on screw surface. For relevant calculation, see Annex
G.

8.6.13 Chain and chain wheel

Commonly-used load-bearing chain is piece-type hoisting chain. Material of

pin and chain plate of piece-type hoisting chain is recommended to adopt 45#
or 50# steel, and shall go through heat treatment.

Maximum allowable load of chain (including weight of chain) shall be:

Where,

p refers to breaking load of chain, N;

nr refers to safety coefficient; nr=5 - 5.5.

Single-segment chain shall go through breaking load test and assembled

chains shall go through load test. Testing load shall be equal to 50% of
breaking load.

Chain wheel of piece-type hoisting chain is integrated with shaft generally, and
number chain wheel tooth is recommended to be 9 - 12. Chain wheel that is
usually used underwater shall adopt sliding bearing and shall have
anti-corrosion measures.

8.6.14 Oil Pump

Type of oil pump shall be determined according to requirements of system on

performance of oil pump. Specification of oil pump shall be determined
according to required maximum working pressure and maximum working flow
of oil pump.

For maximum working pressure and maximum working flow of oil pump, see
Annex H.

8.6.15 Hydraulic components

1. Type of hydraulic components shall be determined according to working

requirements of hydraulic system, and its maximum working pressure and
rated flow shall satisfy requirements of working conditions.

2. Overflow cock set to guarantee safety of hydraulic cylinder shall adopt

direct-action structure.

3. During selection of throttling valve and speed control valve, relevant

characteristics, such as regulating range and minimum stable flow shall be
considered.

4. Electromagnet of electromagnetic directional valve or electro-hydraulic

change valve shall adopt direct-flow wet structure, and its working state is
recommended to be display by indication lamp.

5. Number of pressure gauge shall be determined according to requirements

of hydraulic system. If there are supervisory requirements, pressure sensor
shall be configured according to relevant requirements.

8.6.16 Hydraulic cylinder

1. Strength calculation of cylinder wall. Strength of cylinder wall shall be

calculated according to the following two conditions:

1) Section far enough from flange and supporting flange. Cylinder wall stress
at this position is longitudinal stress and hoop stress generated by working
pressure in cylinder;

2) Section connecting cylinder body and flange. Stress generated by working

pressure in cylinder at this position shall add longitudinal stress and hoop
stress generated by bending moment meanly distributed on cylinder wall at
flange.

Strength of cylinder wall can be calculated according to Annex H.

2. Main structural parameters of hydraulic cylinder can be determined

according to Annex H. Calculation length of piston rod shall be determined
according to fixed form of hydraulic cylinder, and for conversion coefficient of
calculation length, see Annex H. During calculation of slenderness ratio of
piston rod, inertia moment is recommended to be calculated according to rod
having sudden variation, and allowable slenderness ratio of piston rod is
recommended to be less than 200 in pressure, and shall be less than 250 in
tension.

3. Longitudinal stability calculation:

1) For pressure piston rod, when calculation length L is greater than 10 times
diameter d (L refers to distance from supporting center of cylinder body to rod
end connection point when piston rod is fully pulled out), stability calculation
shall be carried out.

2) Longitudinal stability of hydraulic cylinder shall be calculated under condition

that piston rod is fully pulled out and bears maximum downward pressure.

3) For stability calculation of hydraulic cylinder, see Annex H.

4. Piston rod surface shall adopt chrome-plating anti-corrosion measure, and

material can adopt medium carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel.

5. Seal: generally, seal of hydraulic cylinder adopts V-type, O-type and Y-type
seal ring.

1) V-type combined seal rings are used for dynamic seal between piston and
inner wall of cylinder body, and piston rod and end cover.

2) O-type seal ring is generally used for static seal between end cover and
cylinder body, piston and piston rod.

3) Y-type seal ring can also be adopted for dynamic seal between piston and
inner wall of cylinder body.

6. Dust ring shall be set at end where hydraulic cylinder piston rod is pulled out.
If necessary, impurity-scraping and ice-scraping rings can be adopted.
 9. Structure

9.1 Calculation Principle

Permissible stress method is adopted for calculation in this code. Metallic

structure of gate hoist shall go through strength, stability and rigidity
calculations, and shall satisfy specified requirements. During calculation,
plastic influence of material is not considered generally, and fatigue strength
will not be calculated.

Structure shall be calculated according to two load conditions: 1. Strength,

rigidity and stability will be calculated according to maximum working load; 2.
Strength and stability will be calculated according to maximum working load
and special working load.

9.2 Load Combination

Load combination stated in this article is applicable only to structural and

connection calculation of mobile gate hoist; for load combination, see Table
9.2.

Table 9.2 Load and Load Combination

Name of load Load combination Load combination

Class I Class II
Ia Ib Ic Id Ie Ia Ib Ic Id
Self-weight load
Hoisting load of main
hoisting mechanism
Running load
Hoisting inertia force
Inertia force of trolley
Wind load in working state
Wind load in off-working
state
Lateral force caused by
oblique running
Impact load
Test load
Earthquake load
Hoisting load of auxiliary
hoisting mechanism
Note: 1. Different combinations of load are used to calculate different position
of structure.
 2. If temperature load, snow load, installation load and gradient load
need to be considered, they can be added to the load listed in this
table.

9.3 Permissible Stress

9.3.1 Permissible stresses of structural materials shall be classified according

to sizes listed in Table 9.3.1.

Table 9.3.1 Size Classification of Steel

Group Thickness or diameter of steel
Q235 Q345
I 16 16
II >16-40 >16-25
III >40-60 >25-36
IV >36-50

9.3.2 In load condition of class I, permissible stress of structural material shall

be adopted according to Table 9.3.2.

Table 9.3.2 Permissible Stress in Load Condition Class I N/mm

Type of stress symbol Q235 Q345

Tension, [] 160 150 145 230 220 205 190
pressure, bending
shear [] 95 90 85 135 130 120 110
Local [cd] 240 240 220 350 330 310 290
compression
(abrade smoothly
and fix tightly)
Local [cj] 120 115 110 175 165 155 145
closely-connected
compression
Note: 1. Local pressure bearing refers to the condition where particle surface
of component web plate bears extrusion of local load or end face
bears pressure;
2. Local close pressure bearing refers to small-mobility pressure stress
hinged on projection place of contract surface.

9.3.3 In class-I load condition, for permissible stress of welding joint, see Table
9.3.3.

9.3.4 For permissible stress of rivet, bolt and pin connections, see Table 9.3.4.
 9.3.5 Permissible stress value of Table 9.3.2 - 9.3.4 shall be 15% higher than
values in the class-II load condition.

Table 9.3.3 Permissible Stress of Welding Joint under Class-I Load Condition
Type Type of stress symbol Buried arc automatic, Buried arc automatic,
of semi-automatic welding semi-automatic welding and
weld and manual welding manual welding using E50
using E43 welding rod welding rod
Q235 Q345
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
I II III I II III IV
compression [n] 160 150 145 230 220 205 190
Butt tension Buried arch automatic [1] 160 150 145 230 220 205 190
weld welding
Examination of Precise [1] 160 150 145 230 220 205 190
weld quality of method
buried arch Common [1] 135 120 115 200 190 175 165
automatic or method
semi-automatic
manual
welding
Shear [] 95 90 85 165 130 120 110
corner Tension, [t] 115 105 100 160 150 140 130
fillet compression
and shear
Note: 1. Common method for examination of welding joint refers to visual examination, measurement and hole-drilling
examination; precise method refers to supplement examination by radiant ray, magnetic particle and ultrasonic on basis
of common method;

2. Permissible stress of overhead weld shall multiply 0.8;

3. Permissible stress of field weld shall multiply 0.9;

4. Where single side of single-angle welded component is connected, the connected side shall be any side of equal leg
angle steel and short side of unequal leg angle steel, and permissible stress of welding joint shall multiply 0.85.

Table 9.3.4 Permissible Stress of Rivet, Bolt and Pin Connection N/mm2
Type of Type of stress symbol Rivet, bolt, pin Steel grade of component
connection steel grade Q235
ML2, Q235, Group I Group II Group III
ML5 35
Rivet Shear [] 135 - - - -
connection Bearing [c] - 320 300 290
(type-I hole) Nail-head pulling [] 85 - - - -
Finished bolt Tension [] 125 - -
(type-I hole) shear [] 125 - -
Common bolt compression [c] 290 275
connection
Common bolt Tension [] 125 - -
connection shear [] 90 - -
compression [c] 190 185
Pin connection Bending [] 150 - -
Shear [] 90 - -
Compression [c] 190 185
 Table 9.3.4 (Continue)
Type of Type of stress symbol Rivet, bolt, pin Steel grade of component
connection steel grade

Q345
ML2, Q235, Group I Group Group Group
ML5 35 II III IV

Rivet Shear [] 135 - - - -

connection Bearing [c] 460 440 410 380
(type-I hole) Nail-head pulling [] 85 - - - - -
Finished bolt Tension [] 125
(type-I hole) shear [] 125
compression [c] 420 395 370 345
Common Tension [] 125 - - - -
bolt shear [] 90 - - - -
connection compression [c] 280 265 250 235
Pin Bending [] 150 - - - -
connection Shear [] 90 - - - -
Compression [c] 280 265 250 235
Note: 1. Holes whose wall quality belong to the following conditions shall be classified as class I:
- hole that is drilled on assembled structure according to design aperture;
- holt that is drilled by drill jig on single part or component according to design aperture
- hole that is firstly drilled or punched into a small hole on a single part and then is drilled on
assembled component to the design aperture.
2. If sunk rivet or semi-sunk rivet is adopted, values listed in this table shall multiply 0.8;
3. For field-installed connection rivet, values listed in this table shall multiply 0.9.

9.4 Calculation of Strength of Structure and Connection Component

9.4.1 General structural calculation

Under tension, pressure, bending and torque condition, strength of structural

components of gate hoist can be calculated according to general strength
calculation formula, and calculation stress shall not be less than permissible
stress.

When there is concentrated load on top flange of girder, local pressure stress
of web plate shall be calculated according to formula 9.4.1-1.

Where,

m refers to local compression stress, N/mm2;

p refers to concentrated load, N;

refers to thickness of web plate, mm;

a refers to action length of concentrated load; a shall be block length for slide
block and be 50mm for wheel;

hy refers to distance from component top (without track) or track top (with track)
to upper edge of calculation height of web plate, mm.

When there are large positive stress , large shear stress and local pressure
stress m on the same calculation position, conversion stress shall also be
verified according to formula 9.4.1-2.

Where,

and m shall carry their positive and negative sign separately.

9.4.2 Strength calculation of structural component connected by high-strength

bolt

Strength of axial tension and axial pressure structural components connected

by high-strength bolt shall be calculated according to formula 9.4.2-1.

Where,

N refers to axial force of component, N;

Z refers to number of high-strength bolt through which component is

connected to one end of node plate or jointed plate;

Z2 refers to number of high-strength bolts on calculation section (bolts on the

outmost line);

A refers to net area of verification section, mm2.

9.4.3 Calculation of connection strength

1. Welding connection: when there is positive stress and shear stress at

butt-welding position, connection strength shall be calculated according to
formula 9.4.3-1:

Where,

h refers to conversion stress of weld, N/mm2;

[] refers to permissible stress of weld, N/mm2, see Table 9.3.3.

2. High-strength bolt connection

1) During anti-shear connection, permissible bearing force of each bolt shall be

calculated according to formula 9.4.3-2:

[P] = 0.7ZmfPg (9.4.3-2)

Where,

[P] refers to permissible bearing force of each high-strength bolt, N;

Zm refers to frictional coefficient, and it shall be selected from Table 9.4.3-1;

Pg refers to pre-tension of high-strength bolt, N; it shall be selected from Table

9.4.3-2.

Coefficient 0.7 is multiplied so as to reduce impact of compression deformation

of connection component on pull.
Table 9.4.3-1 Frictional Coefficient f
Processing method of contract face of component at Steel grade of
connection position component
Q235 Q345
Sandblast 0.45 0.55
Painting inorganic zinc rich paint after sandblast 0.35 0.40
Red rust is generated after sandblast 0.45 0.55
Eliminating superficial rust with steel brush or rolling 0.30 0.35
surface without any treatment

Table 9.4.3-2 Pre-pull of Each High-strength Bolt Pg kN

2) When high-strength bolt connection bears shear force on frictional surface

and external pull along stud shaft direction, permissible bearing force on each
high-strength bolts shall be calculated according to formula 9.4.3-2, but Pg
shall be substituted by (Pg-1.4Pt), where Pt refers to external pull borne by
each high-strength bolt along its axial direction, and this external pull shall not
exceed 70 of pre-pull Pg. )

3) Number Z of high-strength bolt required for connection shall be calculated

according to formula 9.4.3-3:

Z=N/[P] (9.4.3-3)

Where,

N refers to axial force on connection, N;

[P] refers to permissible load of one high-strength bolt, N.

9.5 Stability Calculation

9.5.1 Axial pressure component

1. Besides strength and rigidity conditions, axial pressure components shall

also verify whole stability and local stability.

2. Slenderness ratio of component:

1) Permissible slenderness ratio of components shall not exceed values listed
in Table 9.5.1-1.

Table 9.5.1-1 Permissible Slenderness Ratio of Component ()

Name of Component Tension Compression
component component
Primary bearing For chord 150 120
structural component member of truss
For whole 180 150
structure
Secondary bearing structural component 200 150
(such as other rod of main truss and chord
of auxiliary truss)
Other component 350 250

2) When yielding point s of steel material is higher than 350N/mm2, imagined

slenderness ratio F of component can be adopted for calculation, and F can
be calculated according to formula 9.5.1:

Where,

srefers to yielding point of material, N/mm2.

3) When component is of composite cancelled structure, conversion

slenderness ratio of whole structural component can be calculated according
to formulas listed in Table 9.5.1-2. For single piece of lacing-bar combined
compression component, when slenderness ratio is greater than conversion
slenderness ratio, stability shall also be calculated.

Table 9.5.1-2 Calculation Formula of Conversion Slenderness Ratio h of

Cancelled Component
Ite Surface shape of Type of Calculation formula Meaning of
m component lacing symbol
materi
al
1 Lacing y refers to
plate slendernes
s ratio of
imaginary
axis;
 1 refers to
slendernes
s of
single-limb
to 1:1 axis,
its
calculation
shall adopt
net
distance
between
lacing
plates
(rivet
connection
component
shall adopt
distance
between
edge of
lacing plate
and center
of rivet).
2 Lacing A refers to
bar total gross
sectional
area of all
chord rods
cut from
section of
component
;
A1 refers to
total gross
sectional
area of all
oblique
lacing bars
cut from
section of
component
.
3 Lacing 1 refers to
plate slendernes
s of
single-limb
to 1:1 axis,
its
calculation
shall adopt
net
distance
between
lacing
plates
(rivet
connection
component
shall adopt
distance
between
edge of
lacing plate
and center
of rivet).
4 Lacing A1x refers
bar to total
gross
sectional
area of all
oblique
lacing bars
within
plane
which is
cut from
section of
component
and which
is vertical
to x-x axis;
A1y refers
to total
gross
sectional
area of all
 oblique
lacing bars
within
plane
which is
cut from
section of
component
and which
is vertical
to y-y axis;
5 Lacing refers to
bar angle
between
plane
where
lacing bar
is and x
axis.
Note: 1. Single limb slenderness ratio of lacing plate combination component
shall not exceed 40, and size of lacing plate shall comply with the
following provisions: width of lacing plate along longitudinal direction
of column shall not be less than 2/3 of distance between axial lines of
limb component, and thickness shall not be less than 1/40 of the
distance, and shall not be less than 6mm;
2. Obliquity between oblique lacing bar and axial line of structural
component shall be kept within 40-70 degrees.

9.5.2 Double-direction or single-direction compression-bending structural

component

When structural components bear axial force and double-direction moment of

strong axis (X-axis) and weak axis (Y-axis), besides strength verification,
stability shall also be verified, and for calculation method, see Annex J.

9.5.3 Calculation of Whole Stability of Bending Structural Component

1. Whole stability of bending structural component can not be calculated, if one

of the following conditions is satisfied:

1) For structural component with box section, when ratio of sectional height
and width between two web plates is not greater than 3; or the section can
guarantee lateral stiffness (such as space truss) of structure;
2) Rigid plates are laid on compression flange plate thickly and can resist
against torsion and horizontal displacement;

3) Ratio of free length l to width b of compression flange plate of

freely-supported beam with I-shaped cross is not greater than values listed in
Table 9.5.3.

Table 9.5.3 l/b Value without Whole Stability Verification

h/b=100 h/b=50
h/b Load is Load is No matter Load is Load is No matter
added added where added added where
on upper on lower load is on upper on lower load is
flange flange added, if flange flange added, if
plate plate there is plate plate there is
lateral lateral
supporting supporting
point in point in
span span
2 6/13 25/2l 19/16 17/14 26/22 20/17
4 15/12 23/19 17/14 16/13 24/20 18/1 5
6 13/1l 21/17 16/1 3 15/12 22/18 7/14
Note: 1. Meaning of symbols in this table: h refers to full height of structural
component. l refers to free length of compression flange plate. l may
also refer to span of structural component without lateral supporting
point within span and to spaces among lateral supporting points of
compression flange plate for structural component with lateral
supporting point. B refers to width of compression flange plate of
structural component; b refers to thickness of compression flange
plate of structural component.
2. Structural measure shall be adopted at end supporting position of
structural component to prevent torsion of end section.
3. In this table, numerator is applicable to Q235 and denominator to
Q345.

2. Where bending member fails to comply with the aforesaid conditions, its
whole stability shall be verified. For details, see Annex J.

9.5.4 Local Stability of Plate

1. Local stability of web plate

1) When ratio of height of web plate h0 to thickness (h0/)70 (60) (including

number in the bracket is applicable to Q345 and number out of the bracket is
applicable to Q235), transverse ribbed stiffener can be determined according
to structure. In order to support steel track, short transverse ribbed stiffener or
track-bearing beam shall be adopted. In this case, space among short ribbed
stiffeners shall be determined according to local bending stress conditions of
steel track and flange plate. Generally, space among short ribbed stiffener
shall not exceed 750mm and height is about 0.3h.

2) When 70 (60) < (h0/) 160 (135), transverse ribbed stiffeners shall be set
and verification shall be carried out.

3) When 160 (135) < (h0/) 240 (200), besides transverse ribbed stiffeners,
longitudinal ribbed stiffener shall also be set at (1/5 - 1/4)h height of
compression edge, and verification shall be carried out.

4) When 240 (20) < (h0/) 320 (270), besides transverse ribbed stiffeners,
two lines of longitudinal ribbed stiffeners shall be set at compression area,
where the first line shall be set at (0.15-0.20)h to compression edge of web
plate, and the second line shall be set at (0.35-0.40)h to compression edge of
web plate, and verification shall be carried out.

5) When (h0/) > 320 (270), calculation shall be carried out according to local
stability requirements of high web plate.

2. Local Stability of Compression Flange Plate:

1) When ratio of out-extending width of compression flange plate with I-shaped

section along each side to thickness of compression flange plate with I-shaped
section is not greater than 15 for Q235 and not greater than 12 for Q345, local
stability of compression flange plate may not be calculated.

2) For box section, local stability may not be calculated if ratio of central
distance of web plate b0 to thickness of compression web plate y satisfies the
following requirements: For Q235 (b0/y) 60 and for Q345 (b0/y) 50.

Where flange plate is wide, one or more pieces of longitudinal ribbed stiffener
shall be set, to satisfy the aforesaid (b0/y) 60 (50). Stability may not be
calculated when inertia moment Iz3 of longitudinal ribbed stiffeners can satisfy
clause 2 of 9.5.6.

9.5.5 For calculation of local stability of plate, see Annex J.

9.5.6 Requirement of structural side of ribbed stiffener

1. When local stability of web plate can be satisfied, spacing n among

transverse ribbed stiffener of web plate shall not be less than 0.5h, and shall
not exceed the bigger one of h0 and 2m, where ho refers to height of web
plate.

Size of transverse ribbed stiffener of web plate shall be determined according

to formula 9.5.6-1 and 9.5.6-2:

Where,

b1 refers to out-extending width of transverse ribbed stiffener, mm;

1 refers to thickness of transverse ribbed stiffener, mm.

When web plate has both transverse ribbed stiffener and longitudinal ribbed
stiffener, besides the aforesaid provisions, transverse ribbed stiffener shall also
satisfy:
Izl 3h03 (9.5.6-3)

Where,

Izl refers to inertia moment of section of transverse ribbed stiffener to central

line of thickness of web plate, mm4;

refers to thickness of web plate, mm.

For ribbed stiffener with box section, when transverse ribbed stiffener is jointed
by 4 pieces of plates, inertia moment Izl of longitudinal plate against contact
line shall not be less than 1.5h03.

In addition, longitudinal ribbed stiffener of web plate shall also satisfy

requirements of formula 9.5.6-4 and 9.5.6-5:

Where,

Iz2 refers to inertia moment of section of longitudinal ribbed stiffener of web

plate against central line of web plate thickness, mm4;

a - see Fig. 9.5.6 Spacing among Transverse Ribbed Stiffener, mm.

Figure 9.5.6

When transverse or longitudinal ribbed stiffener doesn't adopt batten but adopt
mold steel, the part (whose width is 20) welded to the ribbed stiffer can be
included in the section of ribbed stiffener, and practical inertia moment against
center-of-gravity line of the section can be calculated, and requirements of
formula 9.5.6-4 and 9.5.6-5 shall be satisfied.

2. Longitudinal ribbed stiffener of flange plate shall satisfy requirements of

formula 9.5.6-6:

Where,

fIz3 refers to inertia moment of section of longitudinal ribbed stiffener of flange

plate against central line of flange plate thickness, mm4;

b0 - see Fig. 9.5.6 Center Distance of Web Plate, mm;

y - see Fig. 9.5.6 Thickness of Flange Plate, mm;

m refers to number of longitudinal ribbed stiffener of flange plate.

9.6 Rigidity Requirement

Rigidity can be divided into static rigidity and dynamic rigidity. Static rigidity is
expressed by static elastic deformation value of structure and structural
components at certain position when specified load is added on certain
position; generally, for gate hoist, dynamic rigidity of vibration system is only
verified when there are relevant requirements.

Static rigidity requirements of bridge-type, platform-type and gantry hoist are

as follows:

When rated load is added at midspan or at worst position (at lifting-start

position for platform-type and single-direction gantry hoist), due to vertical
static deflection yL caused by rated hoisting load and weight of trolley at
midspan, the following requirements shall be satisfied:

Midspan deflection of bridge-type and bi-direction-type gate hoists:

When working class is Q1 and Q2, yL L/700 (9.6-1)

When working class is Q3 and Q4, yL L/800 (9.6-2)

Where,

L refers to span of gate hoist.

For gantry hoist with cantilever, when trolley with full load is at effective
working position of cantilever, vertical static deflection at this position:

yL Lc/350 (9.6-3)

Where,

Lc refers to effective working length of cantilever.

Generally, horizontal midspan displacement value of bridge-type and

platform-type gate hoist is recommended to be controlled at:

ys L/2000 (9.6-4)

For gantry of gantry hoist, the horizontal displacement along the two directions
is recommended to be less than 1.5H under the worst load combination.
Where H refers to height from track level (upper flange of main girder for
single-direction hoist) of big trolley to track level of small trolley.

When small trolley gantry and mechanical equipment are installed directly on
platform trolley bracket and gantry of single-direction hoist shall be
appropriately strengthened. When the maximum vertical static deflection is
used as component of freely supported beam, it is recommended to be
controlled to be:

ye L/2000 (9.6-5)

Where,

L refers to span of trolley, platform trolley and single-direction gantry hoist.

For cantilever, L is recommended to be controlled to be

ye Lc/1000 (9.6-6)

Where,

Lc refers to effective working length of cantilever.

9.7 Gantry Structure

9.7.1 Structural type of gantry

According to operating requirements, gantry structure can be designed into

without cantilever, single-cantilever, double-cantilever and semi-gantry type.
According to different sectional structure, gantry structure can be designed into
box section, plate girder and lattice section type (truss and strut).

Generally, connection between gantry leg and main girder shall be of rigid
connection, namely rigid leg.

9.7.2 Calculation principle of internal gantry force

1. Within gantry plane: for gantry having two rigid legs, calculation figure of
static structure shall be adopted for calculation of internal force of main girder,
and calculation figure of once hyperstatic structure shall be adopted for
calculation of internal force of leg.

2. Within plane of leg: for connection between leg and lower transverse girder,
when ratio of leg rigidity to beam rigidity is greater than 0.6, the internal force
shall be calculated according to triple hyperstatic structure; when the ratio is
less than or equal to 0.6 and other section of leg is larger this area, the internal
force shall be calculated according to once hyperstatic structure. For simple
calculation figure, see Figure 9.7.2.

3. Combination of various loads added on gantry hoist during running shall be

used as conditions to verify internal force of gantry structure.

4. For large gantry hoist, the internal force is recommended to be calculated by

computer according to space system.

Figure 9.7.2 Calculation Figure for Gantry in Leg Plane

9.8 Constructional Requirement

9.8.1 General principle

1. Efforts shall be made to guarantee simple structure, definite force bearing of

main bearing structure, and impact of concentrated stress shall be reduced.

2. Structural design must be convenient for manufacture, examination,

transportation, installation and maintenance. Exposed and underwater
structures (such as hooking beam) must avoid water accumulation.

3. Thickness of steel plate and mold steel limb of main bearing structure shall
not be less than 5mm.

4. Main bearing structural components can adopt different connection methods

at different positions, but two different connection methods shall not be
adopted at the same position.

5. For welded beam, besides position close to bearing position, lower part of
transverse ribbed stiffener shall not be directly welded on tension flange plate,
and shall break at position not less than 50m far from inner surface of tension
flange plate. For wide flange (such as where people can pass) box beam or
single-web plate beam, in order to avoid deformation of tension flange plate
during construction and transportation, lower part of transverse ribbed stiffener
can be welded to 10mm - 16mm thick tie plate. And then tie plate can be
welded together with tension flange plate with longitudinal weld, see Fig.
9.8.1-1.

6. Butt welds of web plate and flange plate of welded beam are recommended
not to be arranged on the same section, and spacing among them shall not be
less than 200mm; transverse ribbed stiffener shall be departed from butt weld
of parallel web plate, and spacing among them shall not be less than 200mm.

7. When track is laid on compression flange plate of welded beam and wheel
pressure is added, if track just faces web plate, web plate and compression
flange plate are recommended to adopt successive penetrated weld, and
transverse ribbed stiffener must be chamfered at connection between ribbed
stiffener and web plate (see Figure 9.8.1-2). In condition where wheel pressure
is transmitted by transverse ribbed stiffener or by participation of transverse
ribbed stiffener, the transverse ribbed stiffener shall also be welded tightly with
compression flange plate. Length of weld under bearing surface of track shall
not be less than 1.4 times bearing width of track. In addition, double-side weld
shall be adopted and double-side stagger weld or single-side intermittent weld
can be adopted on other positions.

Figure 9.8.1-1 Arrangement of Welded Box Beam and Single Web Plate
Transverse Ribbed Stiffener
 Figure 9.8.1-2

8. Thickness of truss gusset plate shall be selected from Table 9.8.1 according
to internal force of web rod.

Table 9.8.1 Thickness of Gusset Plate

9. Generally, for main beam of gantry hoist and bridge-type hoists, midspan
camber shall be 0.001L, where L refers to span. Upwarp degree of cantilever
end shall be Lc/350, where Lc refers to effective working length of cantilever.

9.8.2 Weld connection

1. Weld metal: weld metal is recommended to match with body metal. If

different types of steel with different strengths are welded, welding material
that matches with low-strength steel can be adopted.

2. Butt weld: groove type of butt weld shall comply with provisions of GB/T 985
and GB/T 986.

In main bearing structures, if butt weld between plates with different

thicknesses or widths, transit gradient not exceeding 1:4 shall be made from
one or both sides, see Figure 9.8.2-1.

Figure 9.8.2-1

3. Fillet weld:

1) For minimum height hwmin of fillet weld, see Table 9.8.2 (when thickness of
welding piece is less than 4mm, minimum height of weld shall be the same as
welding piece). Generally, maximum height of fillet weld shall not exceed 1.2
times thinner welding piece.

2) For main structure bearing dynamic load, surface of fillet weld shall be made
into concave arch or straight line. Ratio of right-angle side of weld to side weld
shall be 1:1, and to end weld shall be 1:1.5. Overlapped length shall be equal
to or longer than 5 times thickness of thinner welding piece, see Figure 9.8.2-2.

Figure 9.8.2-2

3) Minimum calculation length of fillet weld at side or end shall be 8hw.

Maximum calculation length of side weld shall be 40hw when bearing dynamic
load, shall be 60hw when bearing static load. Overlong part will not be
considered in calculation.

4. In primary welding connection, intermittent welding with small thickness can

be adopted, net distance among intermittent welding shall not exceed 15min in
compression component and shall not exceed 30min in tension component.

Table 9.8.2 Minimum Height of Fillet Weld(hwmin) mm

9.8.3 Rivet connection and bolt connection

1. In main bearing structure, cup head rivet shall be adopted, and diameter d of
the rivet shall be 13mm - 22mm generally, and sunk rivet is only adopted in
special conditions, but sunk rivet shall be adopted in nail rod tension
connection.

2. Total thickness of rivet steel plate shall not exceed 5d. Where the total
thickness exceeds 5d, bolt connection is recommended to be adopted.

3. When rivet or bolt connection is adopted, each component shall have at

least two rivets or bolts at one side of node or joint. Number of rivet or bolt in
each line is recommended not be exceed 5, but the number determined by
strength calculation shall be satisfied.

4. If reamed-hole bolt connection is adopted and component bears dynamic

load, aperture shall be less than d+ (0.2-0.3)mm, where d refers to nominal
diameter at bolt matching position. If component bears repeated load, match of
hole and bolt shall not be less than H11/H9.

5. When high-strength bolt is adopted for connection, in order to prevent

connection piece from local damage caused by head of nut and bolt,
high-strength steel washer shall be set at the two position.

6. Aperture of high-strength bolt shall be 1mm - 2mm larger than diameter of

bolt.

7. Common bolt can only be adopted in connection between less important

components.

8. Permissible distance from rivet and bolt shall comply with values listed in
Table 9.8.3.

9.8.4 Laying of track

1. If trolley track is fixed by pressure plate, fixing position of pressure plate
shall just face transverse ribbed stiffener.

2. Height difference and transverse dislocation of track level at joints shall not
exceed 1mm. Connection joint of trolley track shall not exceed 2mm, and
connection joint of big trolley shall be 1mm - 3mm generally (excepting
temperature joint).

Table 9.8.3 Permissible Distance of Rivet and Bolt

Name Arrangement and direction Maximum Minimum
permissible permissible
distance (lesser distance
one between the
two values)
Distance Outer row 8d or 12 3d
between Middle row Compression 12d or 18
centers component
Tension 16d or 24
component
Distance from Along direction of internal 4d or 8 2d
center to force
edge of Vertical to Cutting edge 1.5d
component direction of Rolling edge 1.2d
internal
force
Note: d refers to aperture, refers to thickness of thinnest plate among
connection components.

9.8.5 Landing, Ladder, Handrail and Cab

1. Ladders leading to driver's cab, electric equipment room, landing,

mechanical and electric equipment installation platform must be safe,
convenient and reliable. Minimum width of ladder is recommended not to be
less than 500mm. Erect ladder shall be equipped with safety loop over 3m
from the ground, spacing among safety loops shall not exceed 800mm, and
shall have longitudinal connection bar. Number of safety loop shall not be less
than 3. Distance from ladder to top of loop shall be less than 700mm and shall
not exceed 800mm.

2. When height of working inclined ladder exceeds 10m, the ladder shall be
connected by segments, and rest platform must be set at each connection
part.

3. Laying plates of landing and working platform are generally made of

checkered steel plate with anti-skid property. For gantry hoist and bridge-type
hoist with trolley, distance from out-extending part of trolley to handrail of
landing shall not be less than 500mm.

4. Firm handrail must be set at landing, working platform and inclined ladder,
and vertical height of handrail shall not be less than 1m. Middle handrail shall
be set at about 450mm to plate, and baffle plate shall be set at place not less
than 70 mm at bottom. If there are limitations, height of handrails on trolley
platform of bridge-type hoist and gantry hoist may be less than 1m.

5. Design of net space size, operation device, display instrument and chair in
cab shall comply with relevant provisions of labor protection and safety.

6. Cab shall have favorable visibility, and tempered glass or other shatter-proof
glass shall better be adopted for the cab.

7. When big difference exists between working temperature in cab and

temperature of working environment, cooling or heating measures shall be
adopted in the cab.

8. Where there are special requirements (such as working at termite region),

relevant protective measures shall be adopted in the cab.

10. Electrics

10.1 Electromotor

Winch-type, screw-rod-type, chain-type, gantry-type, bridge-type and platform

gate hoist shall adopt hoisting metallurgy asynchronous motor YZ-type and
YZR-type generally, and hoisting metallurgy DC electromotor and other types
that can meet requirements of gate hoist can also be adopted. Generally,
hydraulic gate hoist shall adopt asynchronous electromotor without
speed-adjustment requirement.

Rated power of electromotor shall be selected according to static power of

structural calculation, working mode of electromotor, load duration rate or load
duration. Where design limit has requirements, maximum moment or locked
rotor moment of electromotor shall satisfy starting requirements of mechanism.
Under design rated working condition, temperature rise of components of
electromotor shall not exceed specified value.

For verification formula, see Annex K, L, M, N and P.

10.2 Drive Component of Detent

Drive component of detent must be selected according to volatge of power
supply, frequency, ambient conditions and corresponding mechanism working
condition.

For AC transmission system, running mechanism shall adopt hydraulic

push-rod generally, and short-travel braking electromagnet may be adopted.
For DC transmission system, efforts shall be made for hoisting mechanism to
adopt serial-connected electromagnet and for running mechanism to adopt
parallel-connected electromagnet.

DC serially-connected electromagnet shall verify holding force of

electromagnet of starting pull and minimum load during starting of first-step
electromagnet.

10.3 Resistor

10.3.1 Electromotor with different load duration rate are recommended to

adopt general resistor of different parameters; when load duration rate may be
different but close to each other, resistors of the same type can be adopted.
10.3.2 Resistor used for starting shall be selected through calculation, and
tolerance between calculated value and adopted value shall be 5%. In order
to reduce number of resistance box, tolerance of resistance of specific class
can be 10%, but tolerance of total resistance of each box shall not exceed
8%; tolerance of commonly-adopted serial-class resistor can be expanded
appropriately, but the error shall not exceed 1.5% of rated resistance of
electromotor.

10.3.3 Load duration rate of resistance of different classes shall be selected

according to different connection conditions, and allowable current value of
resistor shall not be less than rated current of electromotor, but specific class is
allowed to be 5% lower. Commonly-serial-class resistor shall be selected
according to long-term working system, and allowable current of components
adopted shall not be less than rated current of electromotor. Generally, hoisting
mechanism shall not adopt frequency sensitive rheostat, if adopted,
requirements of working conditions shall be considered.

10.3.4 resistor with 4 or less boxes can be stacked up; spacing among boxes
of resistors with over 4 boxes shall not be less than 80mm, and thermal baffle
resistor bracket can be adopted among boxes.

10.3.5 External connection wire of resistor with connectors shall have a nude
part and measures shall be adopted to prevent the nude part from short-circuit.
If resistors are used outdoor, a cover shall be set for heat elimination and rain
proof.

10.4 Protection Device

Generally, gate hoist shall be equipped with the following electric protection
devices: short-circuit protection, over-current protection, no-voltage protection,
null-position protection, open-phase protection, position-limit protection,
overload protection, main isolation switch and emergency switch that can cut
main power supply off. If DC transmission system is adopted, field-loss
protection and over-speed protection shall be set.

Gantry, bridge-type and platform-type gate hoist shall also be equipped with
travel protection and channel-mouth switch.

Exposed current-carrying parts of electric equipments that may be touched

shall be equipped with protection measures shall be adopted to prevent
electric shock. Other electric protection devices may also be adopted
according to design requirements and user's requirements.

10.5 Transmission System

10.5.1 Transmission scheme

Generally, transmission system of gate hoist shall adopt AC transmission

system. Where there are special requirements, DC transmission system can
also be adopted.

Hoisting mechanism of wire-wound-type asynchronous electromotor controlled

by control panel shall have at least one low-speed step during descending, and
electric braking shall be set during deceleration of descending. But where
there are special conditions (such as grab bucket), exception can be allowed.

10.5.2 Control mode

Control mode shall be selected according to requirement of transmission

system to operational performance and operational mode, type and capacity of
electromotor, load duration rate, switching times, expected service life of
controller and type and position of operational device.

Generally, control mode of wire-wound asynchronous electromotor

transmission system can be selected according to provions of Table 10.5.2.

Table 10.5.2 Control Mode of Transmission by Wire-wound Asynchronous

Electromotor
Capacity of Control mode
electromotor, kW switching times switching times switching times
150 300 600
22 K K K (P)
>22 P (K) P P
Note: 1. Electromotor capacity refers to rated power of electromotor in basic
load duration rate of intermittent periodic duty (S3), kW.
2. K refers to direction control by cam-operated controller; P refers to
control by command controller and control panel; symbols out of
bracket refer to types adopted generally, and symbols in bracket refer
to types that can be adopted.

DC system shall adopt control by master controller and control panel generally.
Multiple fixed gate hoists can adopt centralized control and separate control;
fixed gate hoist can also adopt remote control and field control according to
concrete working requirements. If possible, field control of gate hoist can adopt
programmable controller.

10.6 Conducting Wire and Feeder Device

10.6.1 Conducting wire

Conducting wire of gate hoist must adopt copper-core stranded conductor.

Type of conducting wire shall be selected according to laying method, ambient
temperature and voltage class. Generally, rubber insulation wire, cable and
plastic insulated cable can be adopted, and conducting wire with small section
may also adopt plastic insulated wire.

Wiring on gate hoist must adopt multi-strand single-core conductor whose

sectional area shall not be less than 1.5mm2 and multi-core conductor whose
sectional area shall not be less than 1mm2. Sectional area of conduction can
not be considered for connection wires of electric devices, oil-pressure servo
mechanism and sensor components.

Generally, wires shall be laid in grooves or metallic ducts. Where it is

inconvenient to lay wires in grooves or metallic ducts or there is relative
displacement, wires can be laid in flexible tubes. Cable can be laid directly.
Protective measures shall be adopted at place where there are mechanical
damage, chemical corrosion and oil corrosion.

Wires of different mechanism, AC and DC and different voltage classes shall

be laid in different tubes, illuminating wires are recommended to be laid
separately. Single-core conducting wire whose AC current capacity is over 25A
shall not be allowed to be laid in metallic duct. Junction box shall be set at
connection and branch point of conducting wires, junction box installed outdoor
shall have rain-proof measures and wire holes shall have covers.

Bending radius of cable laying shall not be less than 10 times external
diameter of cable.

10.6.2 Feeder device

1. Feeder device of trolley: cable, copper wire, mold steel or other conducting
material can be adopted. Selection of type and specification shall satisfy
requirements of current capacity and voltage loss in gate hoist. Diameter of
copper slide wire shall not be less than 6mm, and size of angle steel shall not
be less than 40mm40mm4mm. Feeder device of trolley shall be set at place
where is convenient for maintenance. If nude conducting material is adopted
as feeder device of trolley, safety protection measures shall be set near the
device.

Rigid slide wire shall be installed on fixer of isolated slide wire. Spacing among
fixer bracket shall not exceed 3m, length of slide wire extending out of bracket
shall not exceed 0.8m; distance between adjacent slide wire shall not be less
than 130mm vertically and shall not be less than 270mm horizontally. Current
collector of rigid slide wire shall be weighted by self weight or spring, so as to
guarantee favorable connection with slide wire during running, and current
collector shall not incline or decline during running.

Flexible slide wire shall be equipped with middle support, insulation of middle
support shall be installed on rigid bracket, and tension devices shall be
adopted at both ends of slide wires. Selection of current collector: low capacity
and common electric segment can adopt current collector of single pulley type;
failure may be caused by temporary break of current collector with high
capacity, so double-pulley folk-type bracket shall be adopted.

If mobile cable is adopted for feeder device of trolley, fixed contact box shall be
set on brackets of big trolley and small trolley, and cables shall be arranged
tightly. In addition, cable shall be abraded or shall not bear over tension during
running of trolley and mobile bracket shall be able to move flexibly.

2. Feeder device of big trolley: cable drum or slide wire device can be adopted.
When travel distance is long, capacity is large and cable-drum wound cable
must be adopted, high-voltage power supply can be adopted, and power
supply can be transferred to all mechanism after being stepped down by
transformer installed on gate hoist.

10.7 Voltage Loss

Where AC power supply is adopted, voltage loss from low-voltage busbar of
power supply transformer to any terminal of electromotor shall not exceed 15%
of rated voltage during peak current. Generally, voltage loss in gate hoist may
be 4%, and may be 6% for gate hoist that is not often operated.

If power is supplied by cable drum, voltage loss of cable drum shall not belong
to internal voltage loss of gate hoist.

10.8 Lighting, Single and Communication

10.8.1 Lighting

Appropriate lighting shall be available in machine room, electric room, passage,

ladder and cab of gate hoist, and shall comply with relevant standards. Design
and arrangement of working lighting shall not affect visual field of operating
personnel in normal operation. Voltage of fixed lighting power supply shall not
exceed 220V, and metallic structure must not be used as lighting circuit.

If single accumulator is adopted for power supply, voltage shall not exceed 24V,
and supply voltage of portable lighting device shall not exceed 36V.

10.8.2 Signal and communication

State of main power supply of gate hoist shall have obvious signal indication in
operation room. Malfunction signal and alarm signal can be set according to
requirements. Signal device can adopt audible signal and signal lamp, and
these devices shall be set within visual and audible field of relevant personnel.

Telephone, wireless interphone and loudspeaker can be adopted as

dispatching and working communication facilities at power plant.

10.9 Earthing

Reliable earthing shall be made to all electric equipments, metallic enclosure

not carrying current under normal condition, metallic wire tube and metallic
cover of cable and step-down side of safety lighting. Unreliable electric
connection between wheel and track can be caused by non-conducting
deposited dust, so mobile gate hoist shall be equipped with special earthing
wire, and earthing trunk is recommended to be adopted to steel structure
where there are many weld.

Users shall be responsible for earthing of big track and fixed gate hoist, and
the earthing shall comply with requirements of relevant codes.
Earthing branch of single low-voltage electric equipment shall adopt copper
wire, and according to mechanical strength, allowable minimum section area
shall be 4mm2 for exposed nude wire, and shall be 1.5mm2 for insulated wire.

Sectional area of earthing wire shall be reviewed according to possible

earthing short-circuit current and thermal stability, and shall not be less than
the following value generally: steel: 800mm2; copper: 50mm2.

When cab of mobile gate hoist is connected with main structure by bolt,
number of earthing point shall not be less than two. Earthing wire must not be
used as current-carrying zero line.

10.10 Miscellaneous

For electric equipments of gate hoist used in humid tropic zone, dry heat zone
and high-altitude zone, design and selection shall satisfy relevant
requirements.

10.11 Working Scope of Electric Design

Working scope of electric design shall include the following content: instruction
and calculation letter, electric principle figure, panel arrangement figure,
terminal installation and wiring figure, field installation and wiring figure, list
electric equipments and materials, as well as structure and manufacture figure
of fixed electric equipments.
Annex A (Informative Annex) Hoisting Force, Lift Head, Span and Speed
Series of Gate Hoist Date and Example of Working Class of Gate Hoist

A.1 Hoisting Force Series

Table A.1 Hoisting Force Series kN

A.2 Lift Head Series

Table A.2 Lift Head Series m

A.3 Span Series of Mobile Gate Hoist

Table A.3 Span Series m

A.4 Speed Series

Table A.4 Speed Series m

Hoisting speed of screw rod gate hoist shall be 0.2m/min - 0.5m/min;

Hoisting speed of winch hoist shall be 1m/min - 2.5m/min.

For mobile gate hoist, running speed of trolley shall be 5m/min - 10m/min, and
running speed of big trolley shall be 10m/min - 25m/min.

Hoisting speed of hydraulic gate hoist shall be 0.2m/min - 1m/min; closing

speed of fast hydraulic gate hoist is recommended not to exceed 5m/min when
the gate is closing to the bottom sill.

A.5 Example of Working Classes

Table A.5 Example of Working Classes

Type of gate hoist Working class
Winch hoist Hoisting maintenance gate Q1-light
Hoisting Lift head <40m Q1-light, Q2-light
emergency gate Lift head 40m Q2-light,
Q3-medium
Hoisting working Lift head <40m Q2-light,
gate Q3-medium
Lift head 40m Q3-medium,
Q4-heavy
Screw-rod gate Hoisting emergency gate Q1-light, Q2-light
hoist Hoisting working gate Q2-light
Chain gate hoist Hoisting working gate Q2-light,
Q3-medium
Mobile gate Lift head <40m Q1-light,
hoist Q3-medium
Lift head 40m Q2-medium,
Q4-heavy
 Annex B (Informative) Recommended Values of Acceleration
(Deceleration) of Running Mechanism and Corresponding Acceleration
(Deceleration) Time

Table B.1 Recommended Values of Acceleration (Deceleration) of Running

Mechanism and Corresponding Acceleration (Deceleration) Time
Running Low-speed and Commonly-used
speed m/s medium-speed gate hoist with medium-speed gate hoist
long running distance
Acceleration Acceleration Acceleration Acceleration
(deceleration) (deceleration) (deceleration) (deceleration)
time t (s) a (m/s2) time t (s) a (m/s2)
l.00 6.6 0.15 4.0 0.25
0.63 5.2 0.12 3.2 0.19
0.40 4.1 0.098 2.5 0.16
0.25 3.2 0.078
0.16 2.5 0.064
Annex C (Informative) Calculation Method of Horizontal Lateral Force Ps
during Oblique Running of Gate Hoist

Horizontal lateral force during oblique running of gate hoist can be proximately
calculated according to the following formula:

Where,

P refers to total wheel pressure that may appear on the hoist side where
lateral force is added frequently (it is related trolley position), see Figure C.1;

refers to horizontal lateral force coefficient, and it shall be determined

according to Fig. C.2.

L refers to span of gate hoist, m;

B refers to spacing among gate hoists, m; where there are 4 wheels on one
track, B shall adopt spacing among exterior wheel axles; when there are 8
wheels on one track, B shall adopt distance between two central lines of
wheels; if horizontal guide wheel is adopted, B shall adopt horizontal distances
among wheels.

Figure C.1 Position of Trolley of Gate Hoist and Wheel Pressure during
Running
Figure C.2 Relation between and L/B
 Annex D (Informative) Calculation Data of Wind Load

D.1 Windward Area

Windward area of gate hoist structure and object shall be calculated according
to the worst windward direction, and projection area on plane vertical to wind
direction shall be adopted.

D.1.1 Windward area A of signal-piece structure of gate hoist:

Where,

A1 refers to overall area of structure or object, A1 = hl, see Figure D.1;

refers to solidity ratio of structure, namely, =A/A1, see Figure D.1.

Figure D.1 Overall Size of Structure or Object

D.1.2 For two parallel structures with same height and type, wind-shielding
action of the front piece to the back piece shall be considered, and total
windward area A = A1 +A2 (D.2)

Where,

A1 refers to windward area of the front structure,

A2 refers to windward area of the back structure,

refers to wind-shielding conversion coefficient of the front piece to the back
piece between two pieces of adjacent truss; it is related to the solidity ratio of
the front (first) piece and spacing ratio a/h between the adjacent two pieces
(see Figure D.2).

D.1 For 3 pairs n-pieces parallel structures with the same type, same height
and same spacing, under action of longitudinal wind power, overlapping
wind-shielding effect of multiple-pieces structure shall be considered, and total
windward area of structure shall be determined according to the following
formula:
Where,

1 refers to solidity ratio of the front (first) structure;

AII refers to overall area of the front (first) structure, m2.

If formula D.3 is adopted to calculated windward area A and formula 6.0.6-1 is

adopted to calculated total wind load, due to different types of each structure,
wind coefficient of one structure shall be multiplied.

Table D.1 Solidity Ratio of Structure

Windward structural Solid structure and 1.0
type and object object
Mechanism 0.8-1.0
Truss made of mold 0.3-0.6
steel
Steel pipe truss structure 0.2-0.4

Table D.2 Wind-shielding Conversion Coefficient of Truss Structure

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Interval 1 0.84 0.70 0.57 0.40 0.25 0.15
ratio 2 0.87 0.75 0.62 0.49 0.33 0.20
a/h 3 0.90 0.78 0.64 0.53 0.40 0.28
4 0.92 0.81 0.65 0.56 0.44 0.34
5 0.94 0.83 0.67 0.58 0.50 0.41
6 0.96 0.85 0.68 0.60 0.54 0.46
Note: Wind-shielding conversion coefficient of other structure can be selected
according to Annex D.2 hereof.

D.1.4 Windward Area of Object

Windward area of hoisted object shall be determined according to practical

projection of the object on plane vertical to wind direction. If overall size of
object is not definite, approximate method can be adopted to estimate the
value.
Figure D.2 Relation of Spacing among Parallel Structures

D.2 Wind-shielding Conversion Coefficient

D.2.1 Wind-shielding conversion coefficient of components with I-shaped

cross section, box section and trapezoidal closed section can be
approximately adopted from values listed in the following tables:

D.2.1.1 For wind-shielding conversion coefficient of component with I-shaped

cross section, see Figure D.3 and Table D.3.

Table D.3 Wind-shielding Conversion Coefficient of I-shaped Cross Section

Figure D.3 Parallel Structure Size Relation of Components with I-shaped Cross
Section

D.2.1.3 For wind-shielding conversion coefficient of mixed structure of beam

with I-shaped cross section and truss (mixed structure for short), see Figure
D.4, Table D.4 and Table D.5.

Table D.4 Wind-shielding Conversion Coefficient of Mixed Structure

Table D.5 Wind-shielding conversion coefficient , when solidity ratio of truss

0.3-0.4
 Fig. D.4 Relation of Section Construction Size of Mixed Structure

D.2.1.3 For wind-shielding conversion coefficient of component (beam) with

box-type or trapezoidal section, see Fig. D.5 and Table D.6.

Table D.6 Wind-shielding Conversion Coefficient of Component (Beam) with

Box-type Section and Trapezoidal Section

Figure D.5 Size Relation of Component with Box Section and Trapezoidal
Section

Figure D.7 Wind-shielding Conversion Coefficient of Truss Structure

D.2.3 In truss-type tower frame with square section or like-square section, if

oblique web rod within the same segment of current parallel truss is arranged
reversely, wind-shielding conversion coefficient of the next truss is about 2 time
value when web rod is arranged along the same direction (for values of truss
web rod arranged along the same direction, see Table D.2).

D.2.4 Wind coefficient C of component (beam) with single trapezoidal section

under action of lateral wind power shall be 1.2.
Annex E (Informative) Permissible Physical Quantity of Commonly-used
Friction Surface Material

Table E.1 Maximum Permissible Physical Quantity of Detent and Clutch

Surface
Material [p] N/mm2 [pv] Without lubrication
of N.m/(mm2.s)
frictional For support For control
surface of decline
For For Block Belt Block Belt Friction Allowable
support control type type type type coefficient temperature
of
decline
Asbestos 0.8 0.4 5 2.5 2.5 1.5 0.42-0.48 220
rubber
rolling
best
against
steel
Asbestos 0.6 0.3 5 2.5 2.5 1.5 0.35 220
steel wire
braking
belt
against
steel

Table E.2 Maximum Permissible Physical Quantity of Copper Alloy Bushing

Material
 Annex F
(Informative)
Friction Coefficient and Efficiency

Table F.1 Friction Coefficient

Name of frictional material Friction
coefficient
Rolling bearing:
ball-type or column-type 0.015
Taper roller type 1.02
Sliding bearing
Rolling friction force arm between wheel and steel track
Steel wheel - diameter (400mm-1000mm) flat 0.05-0.07
champignon rail 0.06-0.12
End with arch steel track 0.06-0.09
Cast iron wheel - diameter (400mm-1000mm) flat 0.07-0.14
champignon rail
End with arch steel track
Rail clamping device mouth and steel track
Clamp mouth without thread 0.12-0.15
Clamp mouth with thread (HRC55) 0.25

Table F.2 Approximate Value of Mechanical Transmission Efficiency

Transmission part Efficiency
Cylindrical gearing Sliding bearing Rolling bearing
Open-type cylindrical gear pair (grease 0.90-0.92 0.92-0.94
lubrication) 0.96-0.98
Closed-type cylindrical gear pair (oil
lubricant)
Bevel gear transmission Sliding bearing Rolling bearing
Open-type bevel gear pair (grease 0.90-0.92 0.92-0.94
lubrication) 0.95-0.97
Closed-type bevel gear pair (oil lubricant)
Chain wheel of chain gate hoist 0.90-0.93
Rolling bearing 0.88-0.91
Sliding bearing
Intermediate axle 0.97-0.99
Rolling bearing 0.95-0.97
Sliding bearing
Drum 0.94-0.96
Sliding bearing 0.96-0.98
Rolling bearing
Pulley
Sliding bearing 0.95
Rolling bearing 0.98
Gear coupling 0.96
Decelerator
Monopole cylindrical gear decelerator 0.97
Bipolar cylindrical gear decelerator 0.95
Monopolar bevel gear decelerator 0.95
Double-reduction bevel-spur gear 0.94
Pulley block Sliding bearing Rolling bearing
Reeving of 2
pulleyblock 3
4
5
6
7
8
 Annex G (Informative) Relevant Calculation Data of Parts and Track

G.1 Drum

G.1.1 Calculation of Drum Wall

When L3D, compression stress of drum wall shall be calculated according to

formula G.1:

Where,

A refers to multi-layer wound coefficient related to winding layers of steel cable;

its value shall be selected from Table G.1;

Smax refers to maximum pull of steel cable, N;

refers to thickness of drum wall (for cast iron min12mm, for cast steel
min15mm), mm;

t refers to pitch spacing of screw grooves on drum, mm;

[p] refers to permissible compression stress, N/mm2;

for steel: [p]=s/1.5 (s refers to yielding point)
for cast iron: [p]=b/4.25 (b refers to compression intensity).
]
Table G.1 Multi-layer Wound Coefficient

When L>3D, conversion stress generated by bending moment and torque shall
be calculated according to formula G.2:

Where,
MF refers to conversion moment, Nmm;
Mw refers to bending moment borne by drum, Nmm;

Wn refers to torque moment borne by drum, Nmm;

W refers to resistance moment of drum section, mm3;

[] refers to permissible stress, N/mm2;

For steel: []=s/2.5;
For cast iron: []=b/6 (b refers to tension intensity).

When D1.2m, L>2D, stability shall be calculated according to formula G.3:

Where,

K refers to stability coefficient;

pw refers to critical stress of stability, N/mm2;

For sSteel:

For cast iron:

refers to radius of groove bottom of drum, mm;

p refers to unit compression stress of drum wall, N/mm2;

G.1.2 Calculation of Drum Shaft (Fig. G.1)

Main load of drum shaft with large gear shall include: Smax (maximum pull of
steel cable), Pj (weight of drum and drum shaft), Pc (weight of large gear), Po
(periphery force of large gear) and Pr (radial force of large gear). Pal and Pbl
refer to counter force under action of Smax and Pj. Horizontal bending force,
vertical bending moment and relevant bending stress of each sections can be
calculated separately according to force calculation diagram of drum shaft.

G.1.3 Calculation of connection between large gear and drum

 Figure G.1 Calculation Diagram of Force Borne by Duplex Drum Shaft

If torque is transferred between drum and large gear through sheet, connection
bolt bears no shear, and only plays as connection effect, see Figure G.2. Shear
force of sheet shall be calculated according to formula G.4:

Where,
M refers to torque transferred by sheet, Nmm;
n refers to number of sheet;
d1 refers to exterior aperture of sheet, mm;
d2 refers to interior aperture of sheet, mm;
D refers to diameter of center circle among sheets, mm.

Torque is directly transferred by bolt between drum and large gear through
reamed hole, and it also plays connection role. Shear stress of bolt used for
reamed hole shall be calculated according to formula G.5:

Figure G.2 Connection Figure between Drum and Large Gear

Where,
d1 refers to diameter of stick part of bolt used for reamed hole, mm;
For meaning of other symbols, see relevant definition stated above.

Extrusion stress shall be calculated according to length L of bolt used for

sheet or reamed hole transferring torque and according to formula G.6:

Where symbols have same meaning as stated above.

For 45# steel sleeve that is processed, []=85N/mm2, [cm] = 280N/mm2

G.1.4 Calculation of Bolt of Pressure Plate

Steel cable shall be fixed on to the drum by pressure plate, see Figure G.3.

Figure G.3 Figure for Fixing of Steel Cable

Tension stress of pressure plate bolt shall include tension stress generated by
driving force and tension force generated by bending of bolt caused by friction
between washer and pressure plate.

Calculation of tension stress of pressure plate bolt is related to wrap angle a of

steel cable on drum and shape of groove of pressure plate.

When a = 3:

If groove of pressure plate is of trapezia, tension stress of pressure plate bolt

shall be calculated according to formula G.7:
 Where,
Smax refers to maximum pull of steel cable;
n refers to number of bolt of pressure plate; it shall not be less than 2;
L refers to force arm of friction action (see Figure G.3).
[1] refers to permissible tension stress,[1]=s/2.5

If groove of pressure plate is round, tension stress of pressure plate bolt shall
be calculated according to formula G.8:

Where symbols have same meaning as stated above.

When a = 4:

If groove of pressure plate is of trapezia, tension stress of pressure plate bolt

shall be calculated according to formula G.9:

Where symbols have same meaning as stated above.

If groove of pressure plate is round, tension stress of pressure plate bolt shall
be calculated according to formula G.10:

Where symbols have same meaning as stated above.

 Figure G.4 Forging Single-hook Structure

G.2 Lifting tools

G.2.1 Forging single hook

Structure of single forging hook is show in Figure G.4.

G.2.1.1 Strength calculation of hook body

Tension stress at internal side of A-A section shall be calculated according to

formula G.11:

Where,

P refers to calculation load of hook, N;

e1 refers to distance from center of gravity of section to interior side of section,
mm;
K refers to shape coefficient of A-A section; A-A section is usually used as
trapezoidal section (see Figure G.4), hDb10.67hb20.4b1, K0.1;
A refers to area of A-A section, mm2;
D refers to diameter of lifting hole of hook, mm.

G.2.1.3 Strength calculation of thread and screw rod of hook head.

(1) Tension stress of screw rod neck shall be calculated according to formula
(G.12)
Where,
d0 refers to diameter of screw rod neck, mm.

(2) Bending stress of screw rod neck shall be calculated according to formula
G.13:

Where,
d refers to exterior diameter of thread, mm;
d1 refers to interior diameter of thread, mm;
n refers to number of working thread;
h refers to height of thread root, mm.

(3) Extrusion stress of contact surface of thread shall be calculated according

to formula G.14:

Where,
t refers to spacing among thread, mm;

Figure G.5 Relation Figure for Size of Lifting Folk

H refers to height of thread contact surface, mm.

G.2.2 Lifting folk

G.2.2.1 Strength calculation of folk body:

Tension stress at internal side of A-A section shall be calculated according to

formula G.15:

Where,
P refers to calculation load of lifting folk;
a refers to conversion coefficient of stress; it shall be selected according to

in Figure G.6.

Interior stress of axle hole on B-B section shall be calculated according to

formula G.16:

Where, for h2, d and a, see Figure G.5.

 Figure G.6 Relation Figure between a and .
Exterior tension stress of C-C section shall be calculated according to formula
G.17:

Where,

K refers to shape coefficient of C-C section; for rectangular section

, for b, D and h3 see Figure G.5.

G.2.3 Lifting plate

Size relation of lifting plate is shown in Figure G.7.

Figure G.7 Size Relation of Lifting Plate

(1) Bearing stress of hole wall of lifting plate shall be calculated according to
formula G.18:

Where,
P refers to load borne by one lifting plate, N;

refers to thickness of lifting plate, mm;

d refers to diameter of axle hole of lifting plate, mm;

(2) Tension stress on horizontal section of axle hole of lifting plate can be
calculated according to formula G.19:

Where,

B refers to width of lifting plate, mm;

a refers to stress concentration coefficient; it shall be selected according to d/B

and Figure G.8.

Figure G.8 Relation between a and d/B

(3) Tension stress on vertical cross-section of axle hole of lifting plate can be
calculated according to formula G.20:

Where,

R=B/2, mm
G.3 Wheel Trolley

G.3.1 Calculation of fatigue strength of wheel tread

Calculation load Pc of fatigue strength on wheel tread shall be calculated

according to formula G.21:

Where,

Pmax refers to maximum wheel pressure of big trolley or small trolley during
running with load, N;

Pmin refers to minimum wheel pressure of big trolley or small trolley during
running with load, N.

Line fatigue strength of line contract on wheel tread shall be calculated

according to formula G.22:

Where,

K1 refers to permissible line contract stress constant related to

material, N/mm2; steel wheel K shall be selected from Table G.2;
D refers to diameter of wheel tread, mm;
b refers to effective contact width between wheel tread and track,
mm;
c1 refers to rotation speed coefficient, see Table G.3;
c2 refers to working class coefficient, see Table G.4.

Line fatigue strength of point contract on wheel tread shall be calculated

according to formula G.23:

Where,

K2 refers to permissible point contact stress constant related to material,

N/mm2; steel wheel K2 shall be selected from Table G.2.

R refers to larger value of curvature radius of wheel tread and track, mm;

m refers to coefficient determined according to ratio of curvature radius of track

head and wheel tread (r/R); it shall be selected from Table G.5.

G.3.2 Contact strength calculation of wheel tread

Calculation load Pb of contact strength of wheel tread shall be maximum wheel

pressure of gate hoist under maximum hoisting load.

Line fatigue strength of line contract on wheel tread shall be calculated

according to formula G.24:
Pb2.2K1Db (G.24)

Table G.2 K1 and K2 Values

b K1 K2
500 3.8 0.053
600 5.6 0.1
650 6.0 0.132
700 6.6 0.171
>800 7.2 0.245
Note: 1. b refers to tension strength of material that has not be treated,
N/mm2.
2. Generally, steel wheel may need to go through heat treatment; line
contact can adopt HB = 300 - 340, point contract can adopt HB =
340 - 380, and depth of heat treatment can be 15mm - 20mm.
During determination of permissible value of K1 and K2, b of
material that has not be treated shall be adopted.
3. When ductile cast iron is adopted,b500N/mm2, K1 and K2 shall be
selected according to b=500N/mm2.

Table G.3 Value of Rotation Speed Coefficient C1

Rotation speed of C1 Rotation speed of C2
wheel r/min wheel r/min
22.4 1.04 11.2 1.12
20 1.06 10 1.13
18 1.07 8 1.14
16 10.9 6.3 1.15
14 1.1 5.6 1.16
12.5 1.11 5 1.17

Table G.4 Working Class Coefficient C2

Working Q1 Q2 03 Q4
class of
running
mechanism
C2 1.25 1.12 1.0 0.0
Where, meaning of symbols are same with those defined in formula G.22.

Line fatigue strength of point contact on wheel tread shall be calculated

according to formula G.25:
Pb3.3K1Db (G.25)

Where, meaning of symbols are same with those defined in formula G.23.

Table G.5 Value of Coefficient m

r/ 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0
R 5 0 5
m 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.2
88 00 20 40 68 90 36 00 16 00 70 80
Note: 1. When r/R adopts other values, m value can be calculated according to
interpolation method;
2. r shall be smaller curvature radius of two surface contacted, mm.

G.4 Track

For track under action of strength calculation load Pb of wheel, see Figure G.9.

Figure G.9 Track Wheel Strength Calculation

G.4.1 foundation bearing stress of track bottom plate can be calculated

according to formula G.26. When center distance between two adjacent rolling
wheels is less than 3hk, approximate calculation can be made according to
formula G.27:
Where,

b refers to wheel strength calculation load, N;

hk refers to track height, mm;
Bk refers to width of bottom plate of track, mm;
L refers to middle distance between two adjacent rolling wheels, mm.
If track foundation is made of concrete, permissible bearing stress [0] shall be
adopted according to Table G.6.

Table G.6 Permissible Stress of Concrete [0] N/mm2

Symbol Concrete grade

150 200 250 300

[0] 5 7 9 11

G.4.2 Bending stress of track section can be calculated according to formula

G.28:

Where,
Wk refers to resistance moment of track section, mm3;
Meanings of Pb and Hk are same with definition stated above.

B.4.3 Local bearing stress of track neck can be calculated according to formula
G.29:

Where,
refers to distance from track neck to track level, mm;
t refers to thickness of track neck, mm.

G.4.4 Bending stress of bottom plate of track can be calculated according to

formula G.30:

Where,
c refers to length of cantilever of bottom plate, mm;
 refers to thickness of bottom plate, mm;
G.5 Calculation of load-bearing nut of hoisting screw rod
G.5.1 strength calculation of hoisting screw rod:

Due to that hoisting force is usually greater than closing force, so hoisting force
shall be adopted as strength calculation load of P1.

Twisting moment Mk borne by hoisting screw rod can be calculated according

to formula G.31.

Where,
P1 refers to hoisting force, N;
a refers to lifting angle of thread;

p' refers to equivalent frictional angle,

f refers to sliding frictional coefficient between screw rod and nut; it is related to
material and processing precision; it shall adopt 0.07-0.15 generally, or
average value 0.12 can be adopted;

refers to section angle of thread, for rectangular thread =0 degree, for

trapezoidal thread =30 degrees.

d2 refers to diameter of thread, mm.

Torsional shearing stress k of hoisting screw rod can be calculated according

to formula G.32:

Where,

Mk refers to twisting moment,

d1 refers to interior diameter of thread, mm.
Bending moment borne by hoisting screw rod can be calculated according to
formula G.33:

Where,
refers to frictional coefficient of gantry pillars;
d0 refers to diameter of pivot shaft of gantry pillar, mm.
Bending stress of hoisting screw rod can be calculated according to
G.34;

Where,
M refers to bending moment,
d1 refers to interior diameter of thread, mm.

Axial stress of hoisting screw rod can be calculated according to formula

G.35:

Where,
P1 refers to hoisting force, N;
d1 refers to interior diameter of thread, mm.

Combined stress of hoisting screw rod can be calculated according to

formula G.36:

Where,

refers to bending stress, N/mm2;

refers to axial stress, N/mm2;

refers to yielding point of material, N/mm2;

refers to shearing stress, N/mm2.

G.5.2 Stability verification of hoisting screw rod:

When slenderness ratio of hoisting screw rod stability can be verified

according to formula G.37.

Where,
P2 refers to closing force, N;
E refers to elastic modulus of material, N/mm2;
n refers to stability safety coefficient; it shall be 1.8 - 3 generally;
Conversion coefficient of length;
L refers to practical length of tension calculation of hoisting screw rod, mm;
d1 refers to interior diameter of thread of screw rod, mm;

When slenderness ratio of hoisting screw rod and there is additional

bending moment action, calculation shall be made according to formula G.38:

Where,
P2 refers to closing force, N;

refers to stability coefficient of eccentrical compression; it shall be adopted

according to Table G.7;
A refers to sectional area of interior diameter of screw rod, mm2;
Table G.7 Value of Stability of Eccentric Compression
 Table G.7 (Continue)

Note: 1. eccentricity refers to resistance moment

of section of screw rod whose interior diameter is d1;

2. Slenderness ratio

G.5.3 Strength Calculation of Load-bearing Nut:

Working height H of load-bearing nut shall satisfy requirements of bearing

stress on contact surface of thread, and can be calculated according to formula
G.39:
Where,
P1 refers to hoisting force, N;
t refers to thread distance, mm;
d refers to exterior diameter of thread, mm;
d1 refers to interior diameter of thread, mm.
H refers to height of nut, mm; H/t refers to number of working teeth of thread, it
shall adopt 10 when it exceed 10;
[q] refers to permissible bearing stress, N/mm2; it can be selected from Table
G.8.

Bending strength of thread root can be calculated according to formula G.40:

Where,

Z refers to number of working teeth of thread; it shall adopt 10 when it exceeds

10;

h refers to height of thread;

b refers to thickness of tread root, for trapezoidal thread

refers to permissible bending stress, N/mm2; it shall be selected

according to Table G.7.

Shearing strength of thread root shall be calculated according to formula G.41:

Where,

refers to permissible shearing stress, N/mm2; it shall be selected from

Table G.8;

Meanings of other symbols have same meaning with those defined above.

Table G.8 Permissible Stress of Commonly-used Material of Load-bearing Nut

N/mm2
Material name Bearing stress [q] Bending Shearing
stress
stress

Note: sand casting material shall adopt small value, and die cast metallic
material shall adopt the bigger one.
 Annex H (Informative) Calculation Data for the Hydraulic Gate Hoist

H.1 Calculation of Oil Pump Electric Machine Unit

H.1.1 Calculation of Maximum Working Pressure and Maximum Working Flow

of the Oil Pump

The maximum working pressure of the oil pump shall be calculated

according to Formula :

Where,

The rated working pressure of the oil cylinder;

: The total pressure loss of the system; it is usually selected

5%-10% of the rated working pressure.

The maximum working flow of the oil pump can be calculated according to:

Where:

: The maximum working flow of the oil cylinder working at the same
time;

K: the leakage coefficient of the system; 1-1.3;

The rated pressured of the hydraulic pump shall be greater than or equal to
1.25P1. If there are test behaviors, the requirements on the test pressure shall
be met.

H.1.2 Calculation of the Electromotor Power

The driving power (P) of the hydraulic pump shall be calculated according to:

Where,
: The driving power of the hydraulic pump, kW;

: The maximum working pressure of the oil pump, MPa;

 : The maximum working flow of the oil pump, L/min;

: The total efficiency of the hydraulic pump; it shall be selected

according to Table H.1.

Table H.1 The Total Efficiency of the Hydraulic Pump

Type of the Gear Wheel Vane Pump Plunger Pump
Hydraulic Pump Pump
Total Efficiency

H.2 Calculation of the Diameter and Wall Thickness of the Oil Pipe

H.2.1 Calculation of the Diameter of the Oil Pipe

The internal diameter (d) of the oil pipe shall meet requirements on the flow
and flow speed. It shall be calculated according to:

Where:

: The internal diameter of the oil pipe, mm;

: Working flow, L/min;

: the permissible flow speed, m/s (for the oil suction pipe,

, for the pressure oil pipe, , for

the stub pipe, and for the short pipes and partial
shrinking place, .

H.2.2 Calculation of Wall Thickness of the Oil Pipe

The wall thickness ( ) of the oil pipe shall be calculated according to:

Where:

Wall thickness of the oil pipe, mm;

: The maximum working pressure of the oil pipe, MPa;

 : The internal diameter of the oil tube, mm;

: The permissible stress of the oil piper; it shall be calculated

according to Formula (H.6). For the copper pipe,

: Tensile strength, N/mm2;

: Safety factor;

H.3 Calculation of the Sealed Frictional Resistance

The frictional resistance (Pv) of the lock ring shall be sum of the plunger
sealing and piston rod sealing frictional resistances. It shall be calculated
according to:

Where,

Frictional resistance, N;

The pressure difference on both sides of the piston packing, Mpa;

: The pressure difference on both sides of the piston rod packing,

Mpa;

: the internal diameter of the oil cylinder, mm;

The external diameter of the piston rod, mm;

: the effective height of the plunger sealing;

: The effective height of the piston rod packing, mm;

The friction factor of the lock ring; it shall be 0.06-0.2;

The frictional compensation coefficient of the piston packing;

The frictional compensation coefficient of the piston rod packing ring;

for the O-type lock ring, For the impaction lock

ring,: For the lip lock ring,:

H.4 Main structural dimensions of the oil cylinders are recommended as
follows:

H.4.1 The length (l) of the rod bush shall be 0.8-1.5 times of the diameter of the
piston rod. If it is tilt or horizontally arranged, the larger value shall prevail. The
guide distance (under the full extension state of the piston rod, the distance
from the center of the guide sleeve of the plunger to the center of the rod bush)
of the tilt or horizontally allocated oil cylinder shall be greater than (D/2+H/20),
But shall be no less than three times of the diameter of the piston rod. D is the
diameter of the plunger and H is the journey of the hydraulic cylinder.

H.4.2 The width (b) of the plunger shall be 0.6-1.0 time of the internal diameter
of the oil cylinder.

H.4.3 During the initial selection, the diameter of the piston rod shall be 0.4-0.6
time of the internal diameter of the oil cylinder. Then, the strength calculation
and stability calculation is carried out.

H.5 Strength Calculation of the Cylinder Wall

H.5.1 The cylinder wall thickness (d) shall be calculated according to the

moderate thickness of

Where,

The cylinder wall thickness, mm;

The rated working pressure of the oil cylinder;

The internal diameter of the hydraulic cylinder, mm;

The specific strength; for the seamless steel pipe,

The additional thickness considering the wall thickness tolerance and

the corrosion; commonly, it is rounded up to the nominal thickness;

The permissible stress of the cylinder material; MPa;

Where,

The tensile strength of the cylinder material; MPa;

safety coefficient

H.5.2 Conversion stress of section where is far enough

from flange and bearing flange shall be calculated according to:

where,

longitudinal stress,

Hoop stress,
The rated pressure in the cylinder.

Other symbols shall refer to Figure H.1.

Figure H.1 Calculation Schedule of the Cylinder Flange Strength

At the section of the cylinder and the flange joint, the strength calculation of the
cylinder wall shall be carried out by overlaying with the longitudinal stress and
hoop stress due to the evenly-distributed bending moment (M0). The reduced

stress shall be calculated according to:

Where,

The longitudinal principal stress;

Where, M0 is the evenly-distributed bending moment.

Hoop stress principal stress.

The Poisson ratio of the steel:

Other symbols shall refer to Figure H.1.

H.6 Calculation of the Piston Rod

H.6.1 The calculation of the piston rod with the single-action cylinder installed
on the rigid mount:

H.6.1.1 If there is no lateral displacement for the gate and the piston rod
receives the pull. The tension force can be calculated according to:

Figure H.2 Calculation Schedule of the Single-action Cylinder Rigid Mount

Piston Rod
Where,

The pull of the piston rod, N;

The maximum diameter of the piston rod section, mm.

H.6.1.2 If the lateral displacement happens to the gate (as shown in Figure
H.2), the piston rod will receive the pull and being moment. The stress of the
piston rod shall be calculated according to:
Where,

The pull of the piston rod, N;

The minimum diameter of the piston rod section, mm;

The calculated bending moment of the piston rod;

The bending moment acting on the piston rod,

If the lateral displacement ( ) generated on the end of the piston rod,

the relevant horizontal force (the piston rod at the upper limit position), N;

Where,

The elastic modulus of the piston rod materials,

The moment of inertia of the piston rod section, mm4;

see Figure H.2, mm;

The bending moment due to the friction in the gate ear, It

shall be calculated according to:

Where,

The ax diameter of the gate ear, mm;

The friction factor at the piston rod ear; it shall be selected according to
Table H.2.

H.6.2 The calculation of the piston rod with the single-action cylinder installed
on the rotation mount:

The piston rod of the single-action cylinder installed on the rotation bearing, the
bending moment (Figure H.3) due to the friction between the rotation bearing
and the ear as well as the pull shall be received. The stress shall be
calculated according to:
Where,

The pull of the piston rod, N;

The minimum diameter of the piston rod section, mm;

The calculated bending moment of the piston rod critical section;

Where,

The bending moment due to the friction in the gate ear, It

shall be calculated according to:

The bending moment due to the friction i the oil cylinder cylinder body

cylinder body rotation bearing,

Where,

The friction factor in the rotation bearing of the oil cylinder body shall be
selected according to Table H.2.

The supporting ax diameter of the rotation bearing, mm;

shall refer to Figure H.3; mm,

Figure H.3 Calculation Schedule of the Single-action Cylinder Rotation Mount

Piston Rod
 Table H.2 Friction Factor (f) in Rotation Bearings
Bearing Type Friction Factor
Without Grease
lubrication lubrication
Sliding Bearing Steel Vs Steel
Steel Vs Pig Iron
Steel Vs
Gunmetal
Antifriction Ball bearing
Bearing Roller bearing

H.6.1 The calculation of the piston rod with the double-acting cylinder installed
on the rigid mount.

H.6.3.1 If there is no lateral displacement in the gate and the piston rod
receives the pull or pressure, the pull and compressive stress shall be
calculated according to Formula (H.11).

Where,

The pressure of the piston rod,N;

The diameter of the piston rod,mm;

the longitudinal bending coefficient. According to the flexibility ( ), it

shall be selected according to Table H.3

Where,

The reduced length of the piston rod, mm; it is related with the fixed
form of the oil cylinder body, as shown in Figure H.4.

Table H.3 The Longitudinal Bending Coefficient ( ) of the Piston Rod

Receiving Pressure in the Center
Flexibility 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Material
1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6
 0 9 7 5 2 9 6 1 5 9 0
1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
0 0 8 5 3 0 4 0 4 6 9
Flexibility 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

Material
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
2 5 0 6 2 9 6 3 1 9
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
3 8 2 8 7 4 1 9 7 5

Figure H.4 Calculation Schedule of Reduced Length of the Piston Rod

Figure H.5 Calculation Schedule of Stability of the Piston Rod

H.6.3.2 If the gate possible has the lateral displacement, the piston rod will
receive the pull (pressure) and the bending moment, considering the behavior
(Figure H.5) of the protruded oil cylinder of the piston rod. The stress shall be
calculated according to Formula (H.16). The stability shall be calculated
according to Formula (H.17).

Where,

: the pull of the piston rod, N;

The calculated bending moment of the piston rod;

The bending moment acting on the piston rod,

the lateral displacement ( )generated on the end of the piston rod, N;
 The elastic modulus of the piston rod materials, MPa;
The moment of inertia of the piston rod section, mm4;

The bending moment due to the friction in the gate ear, It

shall be calculated according to Formula (H.13):

please refer to Figure H.5, mm;

Where,

the permissible stress reduction coefficient during the longitudinal

bending of the piston rod. According to the conditions, the flexibility and
the reduced eccentricity rate ( ) shall be selected according to Table H.4.

The pressure of the piston rod,N;

The conditional flexibility shall be calculated according to:

Where,

Piston rod flexibility, The value shall be selected as

shown in Figure

The yielding point of the piston rod materials, N/mm2,

The safety factor of the piston rod materials, n=1.1-1.2;
The reduced eccentricity rate (m0) shall be calculated according to:

Where,

The influence coefficient of the sectional form; If If

Table H.4 Permissible Stress Reduction Coefficient Under the Longitudinal

Bending of the Piston Road Eccentrically Compressed
H.6.4 The piston rod of the double-acting cylinder installed on the rotation
bearings receives the pull (pressure) force and the bending moment. The
stress on the piston rod shall be calculated according to Formula (H.14). Also,
the stability shall be checked according to Formula (H.10).

During the stability calculation, the conditional flexibility ( ) shall be

calculated according to Formula (H.18).

The reduced length (L0 shall be decided according to Figure H.6 and Formula
(H.20):

If ,
If b>0.4m,

Figure H.6 Calculation Schedule of Double-acting Cylinder Rotation Bearing

Where,

: The inertia moment of the piston rod and the oil cylinder body
section, mm4;

The reduced eccentricity (m0) shall be decided according to the bending

moment diagram feature (Figure H.3) of the piston rod, the ratio between

bending moments on both ends, the conditional flexibility and the relative
eccentricity rate (m) according to the Table H.5.

The relative eccentricity shall be calculated according to Formula (H.21):

Where,

The larger value between M1 and M2, the end bending moments.

The influence coefficient of the sectional form;

The stress of the piston rod, N;

During the calculation of the K=Mmin/Mmax, the smaller value of the M1 and M2,
end bending moments (absolute value) shall be Mmin and the larger, Mmax.

The calculation of the piston rod of the horizontal type double-acting cylinder:

H.6.4 The piston rod of the double-acting cylinder installed on the rotation
bearings receives the pull (pressure) force and the bending moment. The
stress on the piston rod shall be calculated according to Formula (H.14). Also,
the stability shall be checked according to Formula (H.10). The load diagram
and the bending moment diagram of the piston rod shall refer to Figure H.7.

The bending moment M1 due to the friction in the ear shall be calculated
according to Formula (H.13):

The bending moment M2 due to the friction in the oil cylinder bearing shall be
calculated according to Formula (H.22):

Table H.5 Converted Eccentricity m0

 Figure H.7 Horizontal Type Oil Cylinder Calculation Schedule

(a) Oil Cylinder Arrangement Plan

(b) When the door rotates the angle of , the load diagram and the bending
moment diagram.
(c) When the door rotates the angle of , the load diagram and the bending
moment diagram.

Where,

The bending moment due to the friction on the shaft neck of the

rotation bearing beam;

The moment to the oil cylinder rotation center from the friction of the

tail bracket.

The gross weight of the oil cylinder including the hydraulic oil.
The diameter of the end weight bearing wheel, mm;

The diameter of the wheel and axle of the end weight bearing wheel,
mm
The force arm of the rolling friction; it shall be 0.5mm-0.6mm;

The friction factor of the rotation shaft neck; it shall be selected

according to Table H.1.
 The radius from the tail weight bearing wheel to the oil cylinder
rotation center, mm;

During the stability calculation, the conditional flexibility ( ) shall be

calculated according to Formula (H.21).

The reduced length (L0) shall be decided according to Figure H.6 and Formula
(H.20): The relative eccentricity shall be calculated according to Formula
(H.21):

the converted eccentricity (m0) shall be decided according to the bending

moment diagram feature (Figure H.7), the ratio between bending moments on

both ends, the conditional flexibility ( ) and the relative eccentricity (m) in
Table H5.

H.7 Pollution Class of Hydraulic Oil

Pollution Class of Dubbing Solid Particles in ISO4406, please refer to Table

H.6.

H.7 Pollution Class of Dubbing Solid Particles in NAS1638 shall refer to Table
H.7.

Pollution Class of Actuating Medium Actuating Medium Solid Particles for the
Hydraulic Pressure System in GB/T 14039 shall refer to Table H.8.

Table H.6 Pollution Class of Dubbing Solid Particles in ISO4406

 Table H.7 Pollution Class of Dubbing Solid Particles in NAS1638
(granularity in 100ml)

Table H.8 Pollution Class of Hydraulic Pressure System Hydraulic Pressure

System Actuating Medium Solid Particles
Table H.8 (continued)
 Annex J (Informative) Materials for Calculating Stability of Two-way or
One-way Bending Members

J.1 Materials for Calculating Stability of Two-way or One-way Bending

Members

The stability of the two-way or one-way bending members shall be calculated

according to Formula (J.1), (J.2) and (J.3). It shall also be in accordance with:

Where,
The calculated axial pressure, N;
The axial compression member stability factor selected according to the
maximum length-diameter ratio of the structure or the maximum presumed one;
it shall look up in Table J.1 and J.2.

The compensation factor for the axle load stability shall be calculated
according to Formula (J.4) or looked up in Table (J.3) and Table (J.4).

The smaller value of the Euler critical load Nex and Ney. They shall be
calculated according to the following formula:
 The gross sectional area of the structure, mm2;

refers to bending moment of end of structural

component,

refers to maximum bending moment caused by transverse load

in structure; when Mh is reverse against M0 and , shall

adopt zero,
Wx and Wy refer to resistance moment of section of structural component,
mm3;

refers to ingral stability coefficient of bending component; components

that comply with conditions listed clause 1 of 9.5.3 , shall be 1, those that

fail to comply with the conditions, value of can be selected according to

Table J.8 and formula J.9.

refers to conversion coefficient of different end bending

moment; it can be calculated according to formula J.5 and J.6;

refers to ratio of end bending moment borne by two ends of

component; they shall carry their own signs and their absolute value shall not
exceed 1.

refers to bending coefficient of transverse load; when transverse load

is a concentrated force, And it shall be 1 in other

conditions;

refers to influence coefficient of end bending moment winding strong

shaft to end bending moment winding weak shaft; when section is of closed

type, slenderness ratios of section or structural component with

strong anti-twisting performance are same, can adopt 1; in general

condition, shall be greater than 1, and it can be calculated according to

formula J.7;

refers to coefficient, see Table J.5 and J.6;

refers to coefficient; it shall adopt 0.15 for section with common open.
Table J.1 Stability Coefficient of Q235 Steel Axial Central Compression
Component
Table J.2 Stability Coefficient of Q345 Axial Central Compression
Component
Table J.3 Correction Coefficient of Axial Compression Stability of Q235 Steel
Table Correction Coefficient of Axial Compression Stability of Q345 Steel
Table J.5 a Value of I-shaped Section
 Table J.6 a Value of Groove Section

for space truss component, can adopt 1 during calculation; and

additional bending moment formed by primary displacement of

structural component caused by manufacturing error can be added into second

bending moment and the third bending moment in formula J.1.

J.2 Whole Stability Calculation of Bending Component

When bending component can not comply with condition of clause 1 of 9.5.3,
whole stability of component can be verified according to formula J.1 and J.2;

value can be selected according to Table J.7 or be calculated according to

formula J.8 and J.9.

of bending component with I-shaped combination section

If component section is of I-shaped combination section, whole stability

coefficient of bending component can be calculated according to formula J.8:
Table J.7 Whole Stability of Double-end Simply-supported Structure of
Common Rolled I-shaped Steel
Load condition Grade Free length
of 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I-shap
ed
steel
Compon Action Upp 10-20 2. 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
ent position of er 0 0 9 0 8 8 3 8 3
without concentra flan 22-32 2. 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
lateral ted load ge 4 8 9 6 2 2 4 9 5
supporti 36-63 2. 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
ng points 8 0 7 3 8 6 0 5 0
within Low 10-20 3. 1.9 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5
span er 1 5 4 1 2 9 3 7 2
flan 22-40 - 2.8 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
ge 0 4 7 7 6 3 4 6
45-63 - - 2.3 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6
0 2 0 6 0 9 0
Compon Action Upp 10-20 1. 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
ent position of er 7 2 4 8 7 0 5 1 7
without evenly flan 22-40 2. 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
lateral distribute ge 1 0 3 3 0 1 5 0 6
supporti d load 45-63 2. 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
ng points 6 5 7 3 9 0 4 8 5
within Low 10-20 2. 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
span er 5 5 8 3 8 6 2 7 2
flan 22-40 - 2.2 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
ge 0 5 0 5 0 0 2 6
45-63 - - 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
0 5 5 8 5 5 9
Component with lateral 10-20 3. 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
supporting point within span, 2 9 0 9 7 2 7 2
no matter where load is 22-40 3. 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
added. 0 0 4 6 6 5 6 9 3
45-63 - 2.2 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
0 8 0 0 6 6 9 3
Note:
1. Note: Concentrated load refers to the condition where a few concentrated loads are
added within 1/3 scope of midspan; loads in other conditions shall be considered as
evenly distributed load.

2. of tolled I-shaped steel shall be adopted according to this table; when

is greater than 0.8, shall be selected according to Table J.8 to substitute

.
3. This table is only applicable to Q235 steel; when values listed in this table are used in

steel of other grades, selected from table shall multiply ( ,

2
N/mm ).

4. when is not less than 2, whole stability needs not to be verified; if

values are greater than 2.5 times values listed in this table, they shall be converted.

Values of that are not listed in this table are greater than 3.60.

Where,

refers to whole stability coefficient; when calculation result is greater

than 0.8, its value shall be selected from Table J.8;

K2 and k3 refer to coefficients, and their values shall be selected from Table
J.9 and Table J.10;

K1 refers to coefficient, and its value shall be selected according to the

following provisions:

For double-end simple supported member with axially-symmetrical

combination sections:

When ,

When ,
For double-end simple-supported components having reinforced compression
flange plate and axial-symmetric web plate:

When ,

When ;

For double-axle symmetrical cantilever component with combined section k1 =

1;
Where,

refers to thickness of web plate, mm;

refers to thickness of compression flange plate, mm;

y refers to distance from axel to fiber bearing maximum pressure, mm;
I1 and I2 refers to inertia moment of compression flange and tension flange to
y axis, mm4;
l refers to free length of compression flange of component, mm;
b refers to width of compression flange, mm;
h refers to height of component, mm;
Ix and Iy refer to inertia moment of section to x axis and y axis, mm4;

refers to yielding point of steel material, N/mm2, Q235 shall adopt

240N/mm2.

Table J.8 Stability Coefficient

Table J.9 Coefficient K2 and K3 of Double-end Simple-supported Component
with I-shaped Section

Coefficient Component without lateral Component with lateral

supporting points within supporting point within
span span, no matter where
Concentrate Evenly load is added.
d load distributed
load
Alon Alon Alon Alon Double-axl Single-axl
g g g g e e
uppe lower uppe lower symmetric symmetric
r flang r flang al section al section
flang e flang e
e e
K 1480 4750 1350 360 2360 1970
2
K 1200 1200 1040 1040 1180 980
3
K 460 3730 460 2710 1450 1210
2
K 2400 240 2080 2080 2240 1870
3
Note: Concentrated load refers to the condition where a few concentrated
loads are added within 1/3 scope of midspan; loads in other conditions shall be
considered as evenly distributed load.

Table J.10 Coefficient k1 and k2 of Component with I-shaped Equal-section

Cantilever
Action position of concentrated load K1 K2
Upper 480 1330
flange
-300 2890

Section center 2650 2500

Lower flange 5690 1350
Note: this table is applicable conditions where free
end of component is fixed due to that concentrated
load is added.

J.2.2 w Value of Rolled Groove Steel with Simple Support

If the terminal of component section is made of rolling channel steel, the

calculation of the steadiness coefficient of load type and holding position shall
base on Formula J.12, but the steadiness coefficient shall not more than 1.0.

Symbols as above.

J.3 Local stability calculation of steel plate

J.3.1 The calculation on the critical stress of compression stress (1), shearing
strength () and local crushing stress ( ) shall according to Formula J.13,
Formula J.14, and Formula J.15:

Where:

Critical compression stress

Critical shearing stress

Critical local crushing stress

Plate edges elastic coefficient. From the range of 1 to 1.26, while one
side under the transverse pressure of marginal plate or the longitudinal
extended end-plate, choose the maximum value.

The flexion coefficient of simply supported on four sides

plate, depend on the side ratio (a/b) and the side load, base on Table J.11 to
calculate out the flexion coefficient, and the ribbed plate refer to Table J.12.

Euler stress calculation shall base on Formula J.16:

Where:

Thickness of plate, mm

Width or height of plate, mm

If the ribbed stiffener conform to the requirements of dimension, that can

calculate the stability of partial section, as well as the stability of partial section
and the ribbed plate.

J.3.2 The calculation on the critical combined stress of compression stress (1),
shearing strength () and local crushing stress () shall according to Formula
J.17

Where:

The signification of refer to Table J.11

Particular case

While local pressure affect on the fringe of plate, during calculation, the value

of or will set down as o. If the critical combined stress (include the

particular case as above) over 0.755, according to Formula J.18 to calculate
the reduced critical combined stress.

Where:

Yield point of materials

J.3.3 Allowable stress of local stability and the calculation of local stability:
The calculation of allowable stress of local stability base on Formula J.19 or

Formula J.20. when ,

If , then

Table J.11 Flection coefficient of local clapboard

No. Load condition aa/b K
1 uniform or
nonuniformity
 compression

2 uniform or
nonuniformity
compression

3 flexion
mainly
caused by Flexion coefficient (No. 1)
pressure while

Flexion coefficient (No. 2)

while

4 Pure shear

5 single side
partial
compression

Note: if a>3, base on a3b to

calculate the value of , and
Km
6 double side
partial
compression Kmbase on No.5 to
calculate the value of Km

Notes: 1 is the maximum crushing stress of plate, is the stress ratio of two
terminals; respective with the value of positive or negative.
2 To the lengthways ribbed stiffener whose web plate under the partial pressure, the
flection coefficient of above section can refer to the No.6 item of Table J.11; the flection
coefficient of bellow section can refer to the No.5 item if the extended width of partial
pressure is confirmed. For two or more lengthways ribbed stiffeners, the calculation of
flection coefficient also refer to above principles.

Table J12 Flection coefficient of sheet with ribs

No. Load condition K
1 Compression

2 Pure shear Table K

While the width of plate was

divided equally by stiffening ribs
3 Partial
compression
Kmbase on No.5 to calculate
the value of Km

Note: , the inertia moment of ribbed stiffener to the

central axial of plate,

cross-sectional area of ribbed stiffener,

rThe quality of compartments of ribbed stiffener

is the Poisson ratio of materials

Where:
nsafety factor, set down as 1.5 for I type load and 1.3 for II type load;
qImaginary proportional limit, choose5.
The calculation of partial stability shall base on Formula J.21.
 Annex K (Informative Annex) Overload check of motor

K.1 Hoisting mechanism motor

Where:
PnMotor rated power while adjusting the load duration factor, kW
PHoisting load, N;
vRaising speed, m/s
Total efficiency of mechanism
mAllowable overload multiples of motor torque while adjusting the load
duration factor (rated value or actual value of technical provision).

HCoefficient; base on the voltage loss (alternating current motor is 15%,

without regard to continuous current motor), allowable error of maximum
running torque or locked-rotor torque (winding type asynchronous motor is
10, cage type asynchronous motor is 15 and without regard to continuous
current electromotor), and hoisting 1.25 times of rated load, the H of winding
type asynchronous motor set down as 2.1, cagy type asynchronous motor set
down as 2.2 and continuous current electromotor set down as 1.4;
mQuality of motor

K.2 Running mechanism motor

K.2
Where:
PgThe gravitation of all motion parts, N
Coefficient of friction drag, see Table 5.6.7
m0Coefficient of slope drag, the roadway laying on reinforced beam or
steel beam set down as 0.001;
PwWind resistance, N, according to the maximum calculated wind
pressure (qII) of working order as detailed in Item 6.6, indoor Pw set down as 0;

Total flywheel moment of mechanism. The sum of each flywheel

moment on the mechanism of motor shaft, kgm2
v0Velocity of gate hoist (or trolly), m/s;
nRated speed of motor, r/min
taMechanism starting time, s;
aAverage per unit value of pull-in moment (relative to the rate moment
while adjusting the load duration factor), winding type asynchronous motor set
down as 1.7 (or 1.0 while adopt frequcncy sensitive rheostat); cage type
asynchronous motor set down as 0.9m; series excitation continuous current
electromotor set down as 1.9; D.C. compound generator set down as 1.8,
independent excitation DC motor set down as 1.7. The value of a can be
improved while adopt current self-adjusting system.

Other symbol as shown in Formula K.1

K.3 Rotation gear motor

Where: HCoefficient, winding type asynchronous motor set down as H

1.55, cage type asynchronous motor set down as H1.6 and DC motor set
down as H1;
MfRotating frictional resistance moment, Nm
MiMaximum rotating slope moment of resistance, Nm
MwThe maximum wind resistance moment caused by calculated wind
pressure, Nm
MaThe rotating horizontal resisting moment which caused by the swing
angle a1 (see Item 6.4.2) of carrying rope, Nm
iMechanismic resultant gear ratio.
Other symbols as shown in Formula K.1 and Formula k.2.
 Annex L (Informative Annex) Heating inspection of winding-type
asynchronous motor

L.1 The calculation formula of each parameter

L.1.1 Average power of steady state

L.1.1.1 Electromotor for hoisting mechanism

Where
P5 - Average power of steady state, kW;
G - Mean coefficient of steady-state load,G10.7, G20.8, G30.9,
the rating of G see Table N.1 of Annex N;
The rest symbols are the same with the formula (K.1) in Annex K.

L.1.1.2 Electromotor of running mechanism

Where:
G - Mean coefficient of steady-state load, G10.75, G20.80, the
rating of G see Table N.1 of Annex N;
Pw - Wind resistance, N, Calculated as the wind pressure of the gate
hoist under the normal operating status;
The rest symbols are the same with the formula (K.2) in Annex K.

L.1.1.3 The electromotor of traversing mechanism

Where:
G - Mean coefficient of steady-state load, G10.60, G20.60, The
rating of G see Table N.1 of Annex N;
M1 - The resistance torque of the equivalent ramp caused by inclination,
Nm;
Mw - Equivalent wind resistance torque calculated according to the
calculating wind pressure q1 (see Article 6.6.3); Nm;
The rest symbols are the same with the formula (K.3) in Annex K.

L.1.2 Dynamic power

 Where
Pa - Dynamic power, kW
Ta - The mechanism starting time under normal operating conditions, s;
The rest symbols are the same with the formula (N.2) in Annex N.

L.1.3 CZ value

L.1.3.1 Converted to the full start times

Where
Z - Converted full start times per hour;
d0 - Full start times per hour;
di - Startup or incomplete startup times per hour;
f - Electric retarding times per hour;
g, - Conversion factor, generally take the values stated in Table L.1;

Table L.1 g,
Coefficient g
Winding-type asynchronous motor 0.25 0.5

L.1.3.2 Inertia increment rate

Where:
C - Inertia increment rate,

-Flywheel torque of electromotor, kgm2;

-Flywheel torque converted to the motor shaft from the moving

quality and rotating quality out of electromotor, kgm2

L.1.3.3 CZ value

CZ value, the result of the inertia increment rate C multiplying the converted
full start times per hour, is the important parameters impacting the heating of
electromotor under startup and braking status.

L.2 Heating verification

For the convenience of application, Annex M lists the allowable output

power of YZR series winding-type asynchronous machine under different
load duration factors (FC values) and under different CZ value. If P Pa
(average power of steady state), then heating checkout of electromotor is
eligible.
Annex M (Informative Annex) The allowable output capability (P) of YZR
series electromotor under different load duration factor (FC value) and
under different CZ values (the average startup multiples K= 1.7)
 Annex N (Informative Annex) The electromotor of gate hoist

mechanism FC, CZ and G values in the capacity selection

calculation

N.1 The load duration factor FC value, CZ value and mean coefficient of
steady-state load G of each components of different gate hoists shall be
calculated according to the actual load. If the details of the load condition
is not available, then it can be selected from Table N.1.

Table N.1: FC value, CZ value and G value

Type Chain-type fixed winding type Mobile

Hoisting device

Revolution hoisting
mechanism

Trolley running
mechanism
Cart running
mechanism

Traversing
mechanism
Note: the load duration factor of mechanism PC value is designed for the occasions that the
working cycle length shall not be less than 10 min, and calculated according to the following
formula:

running time of mechanism in a working cycle

FC = 100
total time of a working cycle
 Annex P (informative annex) Current-carrying capacity of conducting wire

P.1 The computing formula of current-carrying capacity of conducting wire

Where:
Iz - Current-carrying capacity of conducting wire, A;
Ka - The laying correctness factor of cables or tube-through wires, generally, the correctness factor of tube-through wire is 0.9
and the cable is 0.8;
Kt - The ambient temperature correctness factor and normal value see Table P.1. Kt value can be calculated according to
Formula (P.2);
T1 - The maximum operating temperature of wire core; ;
T0 - Working environment temperature,;
T2 - Rated working environment temperature, 25or 45;
Kj - The load duration factor correctness factor of repeated short-time duty system, the working cycle time adopts 10 min, the
accepted value see Table P.2. Kj value can be calculated according to Formula (P.3);
FC - Load duration factor;
T - The heating time constant of conducting wire, the accepted value see Table P.3; s;
Ig - The baseline value of wire current-carrying capacity, the accepted value see Table P.3, A.

Table P.1: the temperature correction factor Kt of the current-carrying capacity of conducting wire, Kt
Rated working The maximum Working environment temperature
environment operating temperature +25 +30 +35 +40 +45 +50 +55 +60 +65 +70 +75
temperature, of wire core;

+25 +60 1.000 0.926 0.845 0.756 0.655 0.535
+65 1.000 0.935 0.865 0.791 0.707 0.612 0.500
+70 1.000 0.943 0.882 0.816 0.745 0.667 0.577 0.471
+45 +65 1.323 1.225 1.118 1.000 0.866 0.707
+70 1.265 1.183 1.095 1.000 0.894 0.775 0.632
+75 1.195 1.134 1.069 1.000 0.926 0.845 0.756 0.655 0.535
+80 1.173 1.118 1.061 1.000 0.835 0.866 0.791 0.707 0.612 0.500

Table P.2 the load duration factor correctness factor of conducting wire, Kj
Conducting Load Wire core section mm2
wire model continuity 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 96 120 150
BX, BXR 25% 1.313 1.417 1.477 1.50 1.614 1.678 1.754 1.790 1.834 1.849 1.876 1.880 1.898
copper 40% 1.149 1.212 1.249 1.296 1.336 1.377 1.425 1.448 1.476 1.486 1.503 1.505 1.517
core,
rubber
thread
CYYCW, 25% 1.250 1.304 1.324 1.398 1.461 1.520 1.604 1.645 1.701 1.742 1.84 1.807 1.830
CF, CFR 40% 1.111 1.143 1.155 1.200 1.240 1.277 1.330 1.356 1.391 1.417 1.444 1.459 1.473
single-core
cable
YC, YCW, 25% 1.490 1.531 1.590 1.640 1.696 1.750 1.808 1.803 1.838 1.865 1.877 1.902 1.912
CF, CFR 40% 1.258 1.284 1.321 1.353 1.388 1.422 1.460 1.456 1.479 1.495 1.510 1.519 1.526
three-core
cable
Table P.3 baseline value of current-carrying capacity of conducting wire
Wire Copper core cable Heavy type cabtyre cable Marine cable
core BX, BXR BV, BVR Heating time YC, YCW YC, YCW CF, CFR CF, CFR three-core
section copper core, copper core constant, s single-core cable three-core cable single-core cable cable
mm2 rubber thread plastic wire
Current-carrying capacity A at Current-ca Heati Current-ca Heati Current-ca Heati Current-ca Heati
25 rrying ng rrying ng rrying ng rrying ng
Op Tube-thr Op Tube-thr Op Tube-thr capacity A time capacity A time capacity A time capacity A time
en ough b en ough en ough at 25 const at 25 const at 45 const at 45 const
layi layi layi ant, s ant, s ant, s ant, s
ng ng ng
1.5 27 18 24 17 86 184 20 152 14 307
2.5 35 25 32 24 116 248 37 179 26 347 26 179 19 347
4 45 33 42 31 138 295 47 190 34 419 35 190 25 419
6 58 43 55 41 172 368 52 235 43 497 44 235 32 497
10 185 60 75 57 212 453 75 282 63 613 61 282 44 613
16 110 77 105 73 267 571 112 336 84 774 81 336 58 774
25 145 100 138 95 370 791 148 438 115 1050 105 438 77 1050
35 180 122 170 115 442 945 183 506 142 1020 135 506 94 1020
50 230 154 215 146 573 1230 226 626 176 1270 165 626 120 1270
70 285 193 265 183 641 1370 289 746 224 1540 205 746 145 1540
96 345 235 325 225 797 1700 353 917 273 1870 250 917 180 1870
120 400 270 375 260 820 1750 415 1040 316 2180 290 1040 205 2180
150 470 310 430 300 980 2090 335 1200 240 2450
a The aforesaid figures are abstracted from section 26, Electrical Engineering Manual (1979, Probation version), taking continuous duty system
( FCI100%), the current-carrying capacity at +25 (or +45) ambient temperature as baseline values.
B. In the table, the current-carrying capacity of tube-through wires is based on that three single-core wire pass through the steel tube in air. In order to
simplify the procedure, the cable used in gate hoist, no mater its wiring mode, laying position, generally adopt three single-core wire to adopt section;
when the quantity exceed three, the adopted section shall properly decrease the current-carrying capacity.
 Annex Q
(Informative Annex)
Explanations on the Text Description

Q.1 Wording explanation

Table Q.1 Wording explanation

Extent Positive Negative
Very strict Must Strictly prohibit
Strictly do under normal Shall "shall not" or "be
condition request not to"
Allow a few of selections, "it's appropriate to" or It's not inadvisable to
but can do so under the "generally"
available conditions
firstly
It shall do under general As much as possible
conditions but it has
some difficulties to do so
due to the
technical-economic
reasons
Can do under some It's approved to
conditions

Q.2 In the context, the specified standards, specifications or the other relevant
regulations shall be carried out, the statement is "carry out ...according to",
or "meet the requirements of ..."; for the non-compulsive enforcement of
the specific standards, specifications and the other provisions, the
statement is "make references to".