WORKSHOP: “APPLYING THE INTEGRATED

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES APPROACH TO THE

INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM PLAN FOR
BOGOTÁ”

SEPTEMBER 16, 2010

INTERAMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
WASHINGTON D.C, UNITED STATES

Co-sponsors

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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES APPROACH
OVERVIEW
The Clean Air Institute has partnered with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to expand the
use of the Integrated Environmental Strategies approach in Latin American cities. The Integrated
Environmental Strategies (IES) is an approach originally develop by the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to help local and national governments identify policies and technologies that reduce local
air pollutants and have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Currently, the IES approach is being implemented in Colombia to assess the “Sistema Integrado de
Transporte (SIT)” of the city of Bogota, under the coordination of the Clean Air Institute (CAI) and the
Alcaldia Mayor of Bogota through the involvement of The Universidad de Los Andes, with the financial
support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)

Other eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Mexico, The Philippines and South Korea)
are using the IES approach with impressive results. IES has influenced institutional thinking, policy
analysis, and technical capacity building in important ways in all of the participating countries.

By analyzing and implementing relevant “integrated” policies and measures, such as public
transportation, energy efficiency, and clean energy, IES communities have an opportunity to optimize
the impact that implementation efforts have on air quality, public health, the local economy, and global
climate change. These ancillary or “co-benefits” are generally considered to be:

• The greenhouse gas reductions associated with reducing local air pollution, and
• The health and economic benefits that result from reducing local air pollution.

The IES approach helps support the design and implementation of integrated measures that achieve co-
benefits. This process can occur within the context of planning new infrastructure development in urban
areas (such as “smart growth” measures that combine land-use planning, public transportation, and
high-density development) to reduce energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution. The
process can also occur within the context of redesigning existing systems to maximize co-benefits
through integrated measures.

OBJECTIVES
IES provides an analytic framework for considering the strategies that can yield local and global benefits.
The IES process works by partnering teams of researchers, local and national policy decision makers, and
other stakeholders to identify cost-effective control strategies through:

• Identifying the strategies that have the potential to achieve local air quality and greenhouse gas
co-benefits while meeting public health and economic development objectives.
• Identifying tools, training opportunities, and approaches to help analyze and quantify potential
environmental, public health, and economic benefits of the proposed (or considered)
strategies.
• Facilitating consideration of climate change in local transportation, energy, and environmental
policy initiatives.
• Building expertise in integrated (or multi-disciplinary) analysis.
• Promoting implementation of measures and policies with multiple benefits.
• Refining, improving, and disseminating analytical methodologies for benefits analysis.

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IES PROCESS
The IES process is largely defined by an analytical framework that is directly linked to policy
implementation. The process consists of seven integral steps. A preliminary IES team building/project
scoping phase precedes four technical analyses (i. emissions analysis; ii. air quality analysis; iii. health
effects analysis; and iv. economic valuation). Each technical analysis builds upon the results of the
previous one. However, each analysis is a discrete activity (see figure below).

The results of the analyses are then shared with in-country policymakers and other stakeholders. The
team might also disseminate results more broadly through publications, attendance at workshops, etc.
Implementation of the most promising measures may be ready to begin, or additional steps may need
to be taken to pave the way for implementation (such as undertaking additional analysis, further
refining existing analyses, building public support, etc.).

Figure 1 – IES Process

Scope project and build team

Develop energy/transport emissions baselines

and scenarios

Calculate atmospheric concentrations technical

analysis
components
Quantify public health effects

Perform economic valuation of health benefits

Rank measures and share results

Implement measures

BENEFITS OF IES
Policies are changing. In several participating countries, the ultimate goal of IES is being achieved.
The process and its results are influencing the direction of a region’s planning and urban development:

IES methods and analyses are helping to shape the planning process undertaken by the regional office of
the National Environment Commission (CONAMA) in Santiago. Chile, as it considers revisions to the
city’s pollution control plan.

IES methods and results have supported the Mexico City Government to assess the benefits of the
Insurgentes BRT Corridor, including transport benefits besides health benefits, operational costs and
green house gas reductions.

IES has also supported the Brazilian government to assess their PROCONVE program, leading to
prioritize technologies and fuel interventions to reduce emissions from the transport sector.

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Policymakers are considering benefits and costs. In developing and developed countries alike,
emissions control and mitigation efforts can be expensive. By sharing decision-making tools and
technical expertise, IES is helping countries calculate the benefits of avoided human health effects form
mitigation strategies (other benefits categories of interest could also be monetized). Quantifying the
costs and benefits of particular mitigation measures can illustrate their cost effectiveness:

Researches in Santiago, Chile, for example, estimate that, cumulatively, more than 1,700 premature
deaths, 150,000 emergency room visits and 2 million asthma attacks and bronchitis cases could be
avoided by implementing an IES policy scenario over 20 years. The corresponding annual value of these
avoided health effects is over $700 million U.S. dollars by 2020.

Improvements in local air quality in Buenos Aires, Argentina, could save as many as 4,000 lives annually
between 2000 and 2010.

Communication is improving, in many countries, IES projects have fostered communication and
interaction –not only between researches, but also among policy staffs in diverse fields, In some
instances, such close working relationships are unprecedented.

IES can also help remove institutional barriers and promote cooperation among different stakeholders
within a country. In addition, IES facilitates information exchange and training opportunities – both
within and among countries.

RELEVANCE TO STAQ TRAINING AND TECHNICAL

ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
The objective of the STAQ framework/methodology effort is to develop a common framework for
assessing benefits of transport interventions. That includes relevant approaches and methodologies for
a comprehensive assessment of different types of transport interventions. The STAQ project is focused
specifically on defining the scope, data requirements, and strengths and weaknesses of various
methodologies based on a number of criteria. The STAQ Program is reviewing the experience of the
Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) approach in the context of its applicability to analyze
sustainable transport interventions, support project prioritization and investment decision-making.

By sharing expertise among these two efforts (this workshop and the workshop on "Critical Review of
Methodologies" in Washington DC on September 15-16, 2010, also partially co-financed by the Spanish
Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean (SFLAC) ), CAI will help to advance the regional component
(Regional Project) of the STAQ Program by improving the capacity of cities to quantify the impacts of
transport interventions and by supporting the adoption of transport policies and measures across the
Latin American region aimed at lowering CO2 emissions. This is also expected to create the basis for
further dialogue on methodologies and modelling to assess GHG and air quality emission reduction
benefits with LAC cities.

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Draft Agenda
th
September 16 , 2010
Venue: Interamerican Development Bank
Room:

9:00 – 9:10 Welcoming Remarks and Introductions -- IDB/Clean Air Institute (CAI)

9:10 – 9:20 Review of Workshop Description and Objectives -- Universidad de los Andes / CAI

9.20 – 10:35 Plenary Session: Background and Context of the Project

Moderator – Sergio Sanchez, CAI

Emissions reductions and mobility improvements in Bogota from the SITP --

Bogota Secretariat of Mobility

Bogotá´s Pollution Reduction Plan -- Bogota Secretariat of Environment

The IES Approach -- Jack Fitzgerald, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Applying the Integrated Environmental Strategies Approach in Bogota: Project Overview

-- Eduardo Beherentz, Universidad de los Andes

10:35 – 10:50 Design and Facilitation of Roundtable Discussions

The roundtable discussions are intended to help clarify the project work plan in terms of
data needs and availability, methodologies to be employed, expected
products/deliverables and timeframe(s) for completion, existing technical capabilities and
technical assistance needs, and the interrelationship of the various IES components.

Each roundtable will be aided by a facilitator who will help guide the discussion. In this
introductory session, the facilitator will briefly discuss the roundtable guidelines, structure,
and the series of questions to be addressed by the roundtable participants for each
session.

10:50 – 11:05 Break

11:05 – 11:45 Roundtable Discussion 1: Emissions Baselines and Definition of Alternative Scenarios for
Reduction of Criteria Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Summary (by facilitator) of work plan objectives, identified methodologies, and
deliverables related to this component of the IES study.

Introductory remarks by University of los Andes followed by discussion (all participants)

11:45 – 12:25 Roundtable Discussion 2: Calculating Air Quality Impacts of Proposed Measures
Summary (by facilitator) of work plan objectives, identified methodologies, and
deliverables related to this component of the IES study.

Introductory remarks by Luis Cifuentes (Catholic University of Chile) followed by discussion

(all participants)

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12:25 – 1:15 Roundtable Discussion 3: Public Health Impacts Assessment and Economic Valuation of
Health Outcomes Associated with Air Pollution
Summary (by facilitator) of work plan objectives, identified methodologies, and
deliverables related to this component of the IES study.

Remarks by Luis Cifuentes (Catholic University of Chile), Scott Voorhees (EPA), and
Veronica Garibay (Instituto Nacional de Ecología de Mexico) followed by discussion (all
participants)

1:15 – 2:30 Lunch

2:30 – 3:30 Roundtable Discussion 4: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions and Abatement Costs
Summary (by facilitator) of work plan objectives, identified methodologies, and
deliverables related to this component of the IES study.

[Introductory remarks by Luis Cifuentes, Catholic University of Chile] followed by discussion

(all participants)

3:30 – 4:15 *Panel Discussion 1: Land Use, Transport, and Air Quality – Formulation of Actions to
Maximize Co-Benefits
Moderator: Sergio Sanchez, CAI

Panelists: Uniandes, Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad, Veronica Garibay (INE), Ralph

Gakenheimer (CAI)

Questions/Discussion
4:15 – 4:30 Break

4:30 – 5:00 The Clean Technology Fund and its Relationship with the IES Project
IDB -- Carlos Mojica

Questions/Discussion
5:00 – 5:15 Nexts Steps for Refining the Project Work Plan
University of los Andes and CAI