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Hilti, Inc.
7250 Dallas Parkway, Suite 1000
Plano, TX 75024
1-800-879-8000
www.hilti.com
Fastening Technology
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3.1.6.1 Strength Design (SD) ca2 = distance from center of an anchor shaft to the
terminology edge of concrete in the direction perpendicular
to ca1, in. (mm)
A Nc = projected concrete failure area of a single anchor
or group of anchors, for calculation of strength in ccr,Na or cNa = projected distance from the center of an anchor
tension, in.2 (mm2) shaft on one side of the anchor required to
develop the full bond strength of a single
A Na = projected influence area of a single adhesive adhesive anchor, in. (mm)
anchor or group of adhesive anchors, for
calculation of bond strength in tension, in.2 (mm2) d or da = outside diameter of anchor or shaft diameter of
headed stud, headed bolt, or hooked bolt,
A Nao = projected influence area of a single adhesive in. (mm)
anchor, for calculation of bond strength in tension
if not limited by edge distance or spacing, dbit = nominal drill bit diameter, in. (mm)
in.2 (mm2) dh = diameter of clearance hole in attachment
A Nco = projected concrete failure area of a single anchor, (e.g. baseplate), in. (mm)
for calculation of strength in tension if not limited dnom = nominal anchor diameter, in. (mm)
by edge distance or spacing, in.2 (mm2)
do = anchor outside diameter (O.D.), in. (mm)
A se,N = effective cross-sectional area of anchor in
tension, in.2 (mm2) e'N = distance between resultant tension load on a
group of anchors loaded in tension and the
A se,V = effective cross-sectional area of anchor in shear, centroid of the group of anchors loaded in
in.2 (mm2) tension, in. (mm)
A se = tensile stress area of threaded part, in.2 (mm2) e'V = distance between resultant shear load on a group
A Vc = projected concrete failure area of a single anchor of anchors loaded in shear in the same direction,
or group of anchors, for calculation of strength in and the centroid of the group of anchors loaded
shear, in.2 (mm2) in shear in the same direction, in. (mm)
A Vco = projected concrete failure area of a single anchor, 'c = specified concrete compressive strength,
for calculation of strength in shear, if not limited psi (MPa)
by corner influences, spacing, or member fya = specified bolt minimum yield strength, psi (MPa)
thickness, in.2 (mm2)
futa = specified bolt minimum ultimate strength,
c = distance from anchor centerline to the closest psi (MPa)
free edge of concrete, in. (mm)
h or ha = thickness of member in which an anchor is
cac = critical edge distance required to develop the located, as measured parallel to anchor axis,
basic strength as controlled by concrete breakout in. (mm)
or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in
uncracked concrete without supplementary hef = effective anchor embedment depth, in. (mm)
reinforcement to control splitting, in. (mm) hmin = minimum member thickness, in. (mm)
ca,max = maximum distance from the center of an h0 = depth of full diameter hole in base material,
anchor shaft to the edge of concrete, in. (mm) in. (mm)
ca,min = minimum distance from the center of an anchor kcr = coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in
shaft to the edge of concrete, in. (mm) tension, cracked concrete
ca1 = distance from the center of an anchor shaft kuncr = coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in
to the edge of the concrete in one direction, tension, uncracked concrete
in. (mm); If shear is applied to anchor, ca1 is taken
kcp = coefficient for pryout strength
in the direction of the applied shear; If tension
is applied to the anchor, ca1 is the minimum
edge distance, in. (mm)
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e = load-bearing length of anchor for shear, in. (mm) S = elastic section modulus of anchor bolt, in.3 (mm3)
tfix = maximum thickness of attachment
th = anchor useable thread length, in. (mm)
(e.g. baseplate) to be fastened, in. (mm)
MsO = characteristic value for the bending moment
Tinst = recommended anchor installation torque,
corresponding to rupture, in-lb (Nm)
ft-lb (Nm)
n = number of anchors in a group
Tmax = maximum tightening torque, ft-lb (Nm)
Na = nominal bond strength in tension of a single
Vb = basic concrete breakout strength in shear
adhesive anchor, lb (kN)
of a single anchor in cracked concrete, lb (kN)
Nag = nominal bond strength in tension of a group of
Vcb = nominal concrete breakout strength in shear of a
adhesive anchors, lb (kN)
single anchor, lb (kN)
Nao = characteristic tension capacity of a single
Vcbg = nominal concrete breakout strength in shear of a
adhesive anchor in tension as limited by bond/
group of anchors, lb (kN)
concrete failure, lb (kN)
Vcp = nominal concrete pryout strength of a single
Nb = basic concrete breakout strength in tension
anchor, lb (kN)
of a single anchor in cracked concrete, lb (kN)
Vcpg = nominal concrete pryout strength of a group of
Nba = basic bond strength in tension of a single
anchors, lb (kN)
adhesive anchor, psi (MPa)
Vn = nominal strength in shear, lb (kN)
Ncb = nominal concrete breakout strength in tension of
a single anchor, lb (kN) Vsa = nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
individual anchor in a group of anchors as
Ncbg = nominal concrete breakout strength in tension of
governed by the steel strength, lb (kN)
a group of anchors, lb (kN)
Vua = factored shear force applied to a single
Nn = nominal strength in tension, lb (kN)
anchor or group of anchors, lb (kN)
Np = pullout strength in tension of a single anchor in
= strength reduction factor
cracked concrete, lb (kN)
cr = characteristic bond stress for cracked concrete
Npn,f'c = nominal pullout strength in tension of a single
conditions taken as the 5 percent fractile of
post-installed mechanical anchor, lb (kN)
results of tests performed and evaluated
Npn = nominal pullout strength in tension of a single according to ACI 355.4 or ICC-ES AC308,
anchor, lb (kN) psi (MPa)
Nsa = nominal strength of a single anchor or uncr = characteristic bond stress for uncracked
individual anchor in a group of anchor in tension concrete conditions taken as the 5 percent
as governed by the steel strength, lb (kN) fractile of results of tests performed and
Nsb = side face blowout strength of a single evaluated according to ACI 355.4 or ICC-ES
anchor, lb (kN) AC308, psi (MPa)
Nsbg = side face blowout strength of a group of c,N = factor used to modify tensile strength of
anchors, lb (kN) anchors based on presence or absence of cracks
in concrete
Nua = factored tensile force applied to an anchor or an
individual anchor in a group of anchors, lb (kN) c,p = factor used to modify pullout strength of
anchors based on presence or absence of cracks
s = anchor axial spacing, in. (mm)
in concrete
scr,Na = critical adhesive anchor spacing for tension
c,V = factor used to modify shear strength of
loading at which the tension capacity of each
anchors based on presence or absence of
anchor is theoretically unaffected by the presence
cracks in concrete and presence or absence of
of the adjacent loaded anchor, in. (mm)
supplementary reinforcement
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1.5hef
anchors, from a line through a row of
adjacent anchors. ANc shall not exceed
nANco, where n is the number of anchors in
s2
the group that resist tension
ca,2
ec,N = modification factor for anchor groups
loaded by an eccentric tension force
Example of determination of A Nc
1
= 1 (17.4.2.4)
2e'N
( 1+
3h ef )
ed,N = modification factor for edge effects for
single anchors or anchor groups loaded
in tension
For post-installed anchors that have been tested in c,P = 1.4 for anchors located in a region of a
accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, specific values of the concrete member where analysis indicates
effectiveness factor (more precisely, kcr for cracked concrete no cracking at service load levels
conditions and kuncr for uncracked concrete conditions)
= 1.0 where analysis indicates cracking at
are established in accordance with the provisions of that
service load levels
document or the relevant ICC-ES acceptance criteria. Values
of kcr and kuncr for Hilti anchor products can be found in the Pullout values are based on direct tension testing of anchors
product specific sections of this guide. in cracks as well as on the results of moving crack tests.
Additional pullout values associated with seismic testing may
also be provided.
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where:
Vco
ec,V ed,V c,V h,V Vb (17.5.2.1b)
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n
ua
n
(17.6.3)
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3.1.6.8 Required edge surface as shown below for proper anchor function and to
distances, anchor properly resist compression loads.
spacing and member
thickness
Strength Design
Refer to ACI 318 -14 Section 17.7, ACI 355.2, ACI 355.4, or
the relevant ICC-ES acceptance criteria for the geometry
requirements for cast-in-place and post-installed anchors.
= z + (n do) Vr Vf
z = distance from center of base plate to whereby Nr and Vr are the lowest design resistances
surface of concrete (standoff distance) determined from all applicable failure modes in tension and
do = anchor outside diameter at concrete surface shear, respectively, and Nf and Vf are the factored tension and
shear loads resulting from the governing load combination.
n = 0, for loading with clamping at the concrete For this assessment, identical failure modes as described in
surface as provided by a nut and washer Section 3.1.6.3 must be considered.
assembly (required for mechanical anchors)
Thus, for a single anchor, the controlling resistance would be
= 0.5, for loading without clamping at the
determined as follows:
concrete surface, e.g., adhesive anchor
without nut and washer at concrete surface Nr = min | Nsar,Ncbr,Npr,Nar |
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ed,N = modification factor for edge effects for single The nominal concrete breakout strength of anchor groups is
anchors or anchor groups loaded in tension likewise determined as follows:
A Na
= 1 if ca,min 1.5hef (D.10) Nagr = A ec,Naed,Nacp,NaNbar (D.21)
Nao
c min where:
= 0.7 + 0.3 if ca,min < 1.5hef (D.11)
1.5hef
ANao = projected influence area of a single
c,N = modification factor for concrete conditions
adhesive anchor with an edge distance
(uncracked, cracked, reinforced, etc.). Ref.
equal to or greater than cNa
CSA A23.3-14 Clause D.6.2.6 and relevant
ICC-ES Evaluation Service Report. = (2cNa )2 (D.22)
= a c cr dahefR (D.24)
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3.1.7.5 Design Requirements the half pyramid is given by the axis of the
for Shear Loading anhor row selected as critical. The value
of ca1 must be taken as the distance from
The factored resistance of an anchor in shear as governed the edge to this axis. A Vc must not exceed
by steel, Vsar, shall be evaluated by calculations based on the nA Vco, where n is the number of anchors in
properties of the anchor material and the physical dimensions the group
of the anchor. In accordance with CSA A23.3-14 Clause D.7.1,
the factored resistance of an anchor in shear shall not exceed ec,V = modification factor for anchor groups
the following: loaded eccentrically in shear
1
= (D.38)
Vsar < Ase,V s futa R (D.30) 2e'V 1.0
For cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and post-
(1 + 3c
1
)
ed,V = modification factor for edge effect for a
installed anchors without sleeves extending through the shear
single anchor or group of anchors loaded
plane:
in shear computed using the smaller value
Vsar < Ase,V s 0.6 futa R (D.31) of ca2
where futa shall not be greater than the smaller of 1.9fya or 860 = 1.0 if c2 1.5c1 (D.40)
MPa. c2
= 0.7 + 0.3 if c2 < 1.5c1 (D.41)
1.5c 1
For post-installed anchors with sleeves extending through the
c,V = modification factor for concrete conditions
shear plane, Vsar shall be based on the 5% fractile of results of
(uncraked, cracked, reinforced, etc.).
tests performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2.
Ref. CSA A23.3-04 Clause D.7.2.7 for
As per CSA A23.3-14 Clause D.7.1.3, where anchors are used permitted values of this factor.
with built-up grout pads, the factored resistances shown
h,V = modification factor for shear strength of
above can be reduced by 20%.
anchors located in concrete members with
The factored concrete breakout resistance of a single h < 1.5c1
anchor loaded in shear is determined in accordance with 1.5c1
CSA A23.3-14 Clause D.7.2.1 as follows: = h (D.42)
A Vc Vbr = factored concrete breakout resistance in
Vcbr = V (D.32)
A Vco ed,V c,V h,V br shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete
The concrete breakout resistance of anchor groups is likewise
= 0.58 ( )0.2 do c a 'c (c1)1.5 R (D.35)
determined as follows: do
= for cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or
A Vc
Vcbgr = V (D.33) hooked bolts, Ref. CSA A23.3-14 Clause
A Vco ec,V ed,V c,V h,V br
D.7.2.3
Where:
The factored pryout resistance of a single anchor is
A Vco = projected area for a single anchor in a deep
determined in accordance with CSA A23.3-14 Clause D.7.3
member with a distance from edges equal
as follows:
to or greater than 1.5ca1 in the direction
perpendicular to the shear force. It is Vcpr = kcpNcbr (D.44)
permitted to evaluate A Vco as the base of a
Likewise, for anchor groups, the factored pryout resistance
half pyramid with a side length parallel to
is determined as follows:
the edge of 3ca1 and a depth of 1.5ca1
Vcpgr = kcpNcbgr (D.45)
= 4.5(ca1)2 (D.34)
where
A Vc = projected area of the failure surface on the
side of the concrete member at its edge for kcp = 1.0 for hef < 65 mm
a single anchor or a group of anchors. It is
kcp = 2.0 for hef 65 mm
permitted to evaluate A Vc as the base of a
truncated half pyramid projected on the
side face of the member where the top of
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3.1.8.5 How to Calculate Adjustment factors are applied for all applicable near edge
Anchor Capacity Using and spacing conditions.
Simplified Tables For example, the capacity in tension corresponding to the
The process for calculating the capacity of a single anchor anchor group based on worst case anchor a in the figure
or anchor group is similar to the ASD calculation process below is evaluated as follows:
currently outlined in section 3.1.9 of this document. ACI: Ndes = 4 Nn fA,x fA,y fR,x fR,y
The design strength (factored resistance) of an anchor is CSA: Ndes = 4 Nr fA,x fA,y fR,x fR,y
obtained as follows:
Tension:
ACI: Ndes = n min | Nn fAN fRN ; Nsa |
Shear:
ACI: Vdes = n min | Vn fAV fRV fHV ; Vsa |
where:
Note: designs are for orthogonal anchor bolt patterns and no
n= number of anchors
reduction factor for the diagonally located adjacent anchor is
Ndes = design resistance in tension
required.
Nn = design strength in tension considering
concrete breakout, pullout, or bond failure Where anchors are loaded simultaneously in tension and
(ACI) shear, interaction must be considered. The interaction
Nsa = design strength in tension considering steel equation is as follows:
failure (ACI)
Nr = factored resistance in tension considering Nua Vua
ACI: ____ + ____ 1.2
concrete breakout, pullout, or bond failure Ndes Vdes
(CSA)
Nsr = factored resistance in tension considering Nf Vf
CSA: ____ + ____ 1.2
steel failure (CSA) Ndes Vdes
Vdes = design resistance in shear
where:
Vn = design strength in shear considering
concrete failure (ACI) Nua = Required strength in tension based on
Vsa = design strength in shear considering steel factored load combinations of ACI 318-14
failure (ACI) Chapter 5.
Vr = factored resistance in shear considering Vua = Required strength in shear based on
concrete failure (CSA) factored load combinations of ACI 318-14
Vsr = factored resistance in shear considering Chapter 5.
steel failure (CSA) Nf = Required strength in tension based on
fAN = adjustment factor for spacing in tension factored load combinations of CSA A23.3
fRN = adjustment factor for edge distance in Chapter 8.
tension Vf = Required strength in shear based on
fAV = adjustment factor for spacing in shear factored load combinations of CSA A23.3
fRV = adjustment factor for edge distance in shear Chapter 8.
fHV = adjustment factor for concrete thickness in
shear (this is a new factor that ASD did not
use previously)
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3.1.9 Allowable Stress Design hef = effective anchor embedment depth, in. (mm)
(ASD) hmin = minimum member thickness, in. (mm)
3.1.9.1 Allowable Stress Design hnom = distance between base material surface and
(ASD) terminology bottom of anchor (prior to setting is applicable),
in. (mm)
Anom = nominal bolt cross sectional area, in.2 (mm2)
ho = depth of full diameter hole in base material,
Asl = cross sectional area of anchor sleeve, in.2 (mm2)
in. (mm)
Ast = tensile stress area of threaded part, in.2 (mm2)
= anchor embedded length, in. (mm)
c = distance from anchor centerline to the closest
free edge of base material, in. (mm)
th = anchor useable thread length, in. (mm)
RV3 = adjustment factor for edge distance, shear Vrec = recommended shear load, lb (kN)
loading perpendicular and away from free edge 3.1.9.2 General requirements
fy = specified reinforcing bar yield strength, psi (MPa) and recommended
loads
Fy = specified bolt minimum yield strength, psi (MPa)
In accordance with the general ASD principles, the design of
Fu = specified bolt minimum ultimate strength,
anchors must satisfy the following conditions:
psi (MPa)
Nservice Nrec
h = thickness of member in which anchor is
Vservice Vrec
embedded as measured parallel to anchor axis,
in. (mm)
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RV2 = adjustment factor for edge distance, shear loading 3.1.9.4 Interaction - ASD
parallel to free edge
Where anchors are loaded simultaneously in tension and
RV3 = adjustment factor for edge distance, shear loading shear, interaction must be considered. The usual form of the
perpendicular and away from free edge interaction equation for anchors is as follows:
Adjustment factors are multiplicative and are applied for all
Nd Vd
[
N ] [ V ]
edge and spacing conditions that are less than ccr and scr,
Vrec = + 1.0
respectively. rec rec
= exponent, 1 2
Frec,a = Fallow,a Rx Ry Ax Ay
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7VB
Check the controlling
design strength in ten- / VB
sion and shear against the
factored service loads in Z
tension and shear.
"
Y 4FDUJPO""
Dimensional
parameters: Given:
d0 = 5/8 in. Normal weight concrete, 'c = 4,000 psi; cracked concrete conditions assumed; seismic design category (SDC) C
hnom = 4.75 in.
Reference ACI 318-14, Ch. 5 and ICC-ES ESR-1917 for LRFD Factors
hef = 4 in.
=> Assume condition B for all factors
tfixture = 1/2 in.
Carbon steel 5/8" x 6" KWIK Bolt TZ anchors; anchors are considered ductile steel elements
h = 12 in. 4 anchors in tension: no tension eccentricity
sx = 4 in. 4 anchors in shear: no shear eccentricity
sy = 4 in. [Seismic without o (17.2.3.4.3 (a))] Nua = 1,500 lb Vua(-y direction) = 3,000 lb
c+x = 6 in. [Seismic with o (17.2.3.4.3 (d))] Nua = 3,000 lb Vua(-y direction) = 6,000 lb
c+y = 8 in.
Calculation per ACI 318-14 Chapter 17, ICC-ES ESR-1917, KWIK Bolt TZ ACI 318 ref. ESR ref.
Check minimum anchor spacing, edge distance, concrete member thickness
8 BDDFQUBCMFFEHFEJTUBODF
BOETQBDJOHDPNCJOBUJPOT
7 JOTIBEFEBSFB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
edge distance (c) in
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Minimum base material thickness = 6 in. Actual base material thickness (h) = 12 in. 6 in. < 12 in. OK
Notes on tension parameters:
hef = 4 in. for a 5/8" KWIK Bolt TZ having hnom = 4.75 in.
hnom = hole depth Section 4.1.10
Anchor length (anch) = 6" for a 5/8" x 6" KWIK Bolt TZ. 17.7 Table 1
Fixture thickness ( tfixture ) = 1/2 in. R17.7 Table 3
Assume the nut/washer thickness = 3/4 in. Figure 4
Actual thread length = 2.75 in.
Available thread length = anch - hef = 6 in. 4 in. = 2 in.
tfixture + nut/washer thickness = 1/2 in. + 3/4 in. = 1.25 in. 2 in. > 1.25 in. OK
4-anchors in tension. Highest tension load acting on a single anchor = Nua / 4 = 3,000 lb / 4-anchors
= 750 lb / anchor 17.4.1.2
Table 3
Steel strength: Nsa = 17,170 lb/anchor Eq. (17.4.1.2)
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Note: Pullout strength does not need to be considered. Reference Table 3 in ESR-1917. Table 3
Assume the full shear load acts on the row of anchors nearest to the x+ edge ca1 = 6 in.
1.5ca1 = (1.5) (6 in.) = 9 in. if c 9 in. use 1.5 ca1 h = 12 in. 17.5.2.1
smax = 3 ca1 = (3) (6 in.) = 18 in. if s > 18 in. no group action R17.5.2.1
AVc = (c+y + sy + c-y ) (MINIMUM [1.5ca1 ; h]) = (8 in. + 4 in. + 9 in.) (9 in.) = 189 in2 Eq. (17.5.2.1c)
AVc0 = (4.5) (ca1 )2 = (4.5) (6 in.)2 =162 in2
17.5.2.5
No shear eccentricity ec,V = 1.0
Eq. (17.5.2.5)
The edge distances perpendicular to the direction of the shear load are defined as ca2.
Note: 17.5.2.1(c) permits ed,V = 1.0 to be used when calculating shear parallel to an edge.
17.5.2.6
The ed,V calculation in this example is conservative.
( ) ( )
c a2+y 8 in. Eq. (17.5.2.6b)
ca2+y = 8 in. ca2-y = ed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 = 0.7 + 0.3 = 0.967
1.5ca1 9 in.
( )
0.2
e
(a) Vb = (7) a danchor c' (ca1)1.5
danchor
e = MINIMUM [hef ; 8danchor ] = MINIMUM [4 in. ; 5 in.] = 4 in. 17.5.2.2
Eq. (17.5.2.2a) Table 3
( )
0.2
4 in. Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
Vb = (7) (1.0) 0.625 in. 6,000 psi (6 in.)1.5 = 7,456 lb
0.625 in.
(b) Vb = 9 a 'c (ca1)1.5 = (9) (1.0) 4,000 psi (6 in.)1.5 = 8,366 lb
Vcbg =
( 189 in2
162 in2 ) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (7,456 lb) = 8,699 lb 17.5.2.1 (b)
17.5.2.1 (c) Table 3
Calculate shear parallel to edge: Vcbg,parallel = (2) (8,699 lb) = 17,398 lb Eq. (17.5.2.1b)
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Vcpg = (kcp) (Ncbg) Ncbg = 15,290 lb hef = 4 in. kcp = 2 17.5.3.1 (b)
Table 3
Vcpg = (2) (15,290 lb) = 30,580 lb Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
Summary
Anchors are ductile steel elements check 17.2.3.4.3 (a) first
[Ductility check] Tension calculations per 17.2.3.4.3 (a)
Tension Nominal strength Design strength Factored load % Utilization Comments
Steel strength 17,170 lb/anchor 20,604 lb/anchor 375 lb/anchor 1.80% OK
Concrete breakout 15,290 lb - 1,500 lb 17.30% OK Controls
Pullout strength N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Steel strength does not control: 17.2.3.4.3 (a) is, therefore, not satisfied. Need to satisfy 17.2.3.4.3 (d)
Tension calculations per 17.2.3.4.3 (d)
Tension Nominal strength Design strength Factored load % Utilization Comments
steel = 0.75
Steel strength 17,170 lb/anchor 750 lb/anchor 5.80% OK
12,878 lb/anchor
seismic = 0.75
Concrete breakout 15,290 lb concrete = 0.65 3,000 lb 40.30% OK controls
7,454 lb
Pullout strength N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Shear calculations per 17.2.3.5.3 (c)
Shear Nominal strength Design strength Factored load % Utilization Comments
steel = 0.65
Steel strength 7,600 lb/anchor 1,500 lb/anchor 30.40% OK
4,940 lb/anchor
seismic = 1.0
Concrete breakout 17,398 lb concrete = 0.70 6,000 lb 49% OK controls
12,179 lb
seismic = 1.0
Pryout 30,580 lb concrete = 0.70 6,000 lb 28% OK
21,408 lb
Calculation per ACI 318-14 Chapter 17, ICC-ES ESR-1917, KWIK Bolt TZ ACI 318 ref. ESR ref.
Interaction equation 17.6 Section 4.1.9
Check: Vua (0.2)Vcbg
Vua = 6,000 lb (0.2) (12,179 lb) = 2,436 lb 17.6.1
Vua > (0.2)Vcbg
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IOPN
IFG
design strength in tension
and shear against the
factored service loads in
Z
tension and shear.
"
4FDUJPO""
Y
Dimensional
parameters: Given:
d0 = 1/2 in. Normal weight concrete, 'c = 4,000 psi; cracked concrete conditions assumed; seismic design category (SDC) C
hnom = 3 in. Reference ACI 318-14, Ch. 5 and ICC-ES ESR-3027 for LRFD Factors
hef = 2.16 in. => Assume condition B for all factors
tfixture = 3/8 in. Carbon steel 1/2" x 4" KWIK HUS-EZ anchors. Anchors are considered non-ductile steel elements
2 anchors in tension: No tension eccentricity
h = 6 in. 2 anchors in shear: No shear eccentricity
s = 5 in. [Seismic with 0 (17.2.3.4.3 (d))] Nua = 1,000 lb Vua = 800 lb towards the fixed edge
c = 2 in.
Things to check: References:
Geometry requirements Seismic per 17.2.3.4.3 (d) Mechanical anchor KWIK HUS-EZ
Tension design strengths Seismic per 17.2.3.5.3 (c) ACI 318-14, Chapter 17
Shear design strengths Tension/shear interaction ICC-ES ESR-3027
Calculation per ACI 318-14 Chapter 17, ICC-ES ESR-3027, KWIK HUS-EZ ACI 318 Ref. ESR Ref.
Check minimum anchor spacing, edge distance, concrete member thickness
cmin = 1.75 in. smin = 3 in. 17.7
Section 4.1.10
Notes on tension parameters: R17.7
3hef = (3) (2.16 in.) = 6.48 in. s = 5 in. < 6.48 in. consider group action 17.4.2.1
Table 2
1.5hef = (1.5) (2.16 in.) = 3.24 in. c = 2 in. < 3.24 in. consider edge influence R17.4.2.1
Notes on shear parameters: 17.7
Section 4.1.10
Check shear perpendicular to x + edge ca1 = 2 in. R17.7
3ca1 = (3) (2 in.) = 6 in. s = 5 in. < 6 in. consider group action 17.5.2.1
Table 2
1.5ca1 = (1.5) (2 in.) = 3 in. c = 2 in. < 3 in. consider edge influence R17.5.2.1
hmin = 5.50 in. h = 6 in. > 5.50 in. OK
Notes on installation:
Section 4.1.10
hef = 2.16" for a 1/2" KWIK HUS-EZ having hnom = 3".
17.7
The anchor length not including the head (anch) = 4" for a 1/2" x 4" KH-EZ.
R17.7 Table 1
The actual hnom = anch tfixture = 4 in. 0.375 in. = 3.625 in.
Table 2
h = 6 in. > 5.50 in. actual hnom = 3.625 in. < 6 in. OK
hhole = 3.625 in. + 0.375 in. = 4 in. 4 in. < 6 in. OK
Calculate nominal steel strength in tension: Nsa 17.4.1.2 Section 4.1.2
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17.4.2.6
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. c,N = 1.0; cp,N = 1.0
17.4.2.7
17.4.2.2
Note: normal weight concrete a = 1.0. Nb = kc,cr a c' (hef)1.5 = (17) (1.0) 4,000 (2.16 in.)1.5 = 3,413 lb Table 3
Eq. (17.4.2.2a)
Ncbg =
(
60.15 in2
42 in2 )
(1.0) (0.85) (1.0) (1.0) (3,413 lb) = 4,326 lb
17.4.2.1 (b)
Eq. (17.4.2.1b)
Table 3
'c
Calculate nominal pullout strength in tension: Neq Section 4.1.8.2
2500
Note: Pullout strength does not need to be considered. Reference Table 3 in. ESR-3027. Table 3
Calculate nominal steel strength in shear: Vsa 17.5.1.2 Section 4.1.5
Edge projections in x+ and x- directions are assumed to be infinite for purposes of concrete breakout 17.5.2.6
calculations in shear ed,V = 1.0 Eq. (17.5.2.6a)
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( )
0.2
e
(a) Vb = (7) a da c' (ca1)1.5
da
e = MINIMUM [ hef ; 8danchor ] = MINIMUM [ 2.16 in. ; 4 in. ] = 2.16 in. 17.5.2.2
Eq. (17.5.2.2a) Table 4
( )
0.2
Vb = (7) 2.16 in. (1.0) 0.50 in. 4,000 psi (2 in.)1.5 = 1,186 lb Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
0.50 in.
(b) Vb = 9 a 'c (ca1)1.5 = (9) (1.0) 4,000 psi (2 in.)1.5 = 1,610 lb
Vcbg = ( )
33 in2
18 in2
(1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1.0) (1,186 lb) = 2,174 lb
17.5.2.1 (b)
Eq. (17.5.2.1b)
Table 4
17.5.3.1 (b)
Calculate design concrete pryout strength in shear: Vcpg = (kcp) (Ncbg) Section 4.1.7
Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
17.5.3.1 (b)
Ncbg = 4,326 lb hef = 2.16 in. kcp = 1.0 Vcpg = (1.0) (4,326 lb) = 4,326 lb Table 4
Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
Summary
Cannot check 17.2.3.4.3 (a) because KWIK HUS-EZ is a non-ductile anchor element. Check 17.2.3.4.3 (d)
Tension calculations per 17.2.3.4.3 (d)
Tension Nominal strength Design strength Factored load % Utilization Comments
steel = 0.65
Steel strength 18,120 lb/anchor 500 lb/anchor 4.30% OK
11,778 lb/anchor
seismic = 0.75
Concrete breakout 4,326 lb concrete = 0.65 1,000 lb 47.40% OK controls
2,109 lb
Shear calculations per 17.2.3.5.3 (c)
Shear Nominal strength Design strength Factored load % Utilization Comments
steel = 0.60
Steel strength 5,547 lb/anchor 400 lb/anchor 12.00% OK
3,328 lb/anchor
seismic = 1.0
Concrete breakout 2,174 lb concrete = 0.70 800 lb 52.5% OK controls
1,523 lb
seismic = 1.0
Pryout 4,326 lb concrete = 0.70 800 lb 26% OK
3,028 lb
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strengths against
the factored service
POMZ
loads. BODIPST
BSFJOUFOTJPO
Z
"
Y 4FDUJPO""
Dimensional Given:
parameters: Normal weight concrete, c = 6,000 psi; cracked concrete conditions assumed; seismic design category (SDC) D
hef = 15 in. Use ACI 318-14 Ch. 5 and ICC-ES ESR-3187 for LRFD Factors
h = 24 in. => Assume condition B for all factors and temperature range A
sx = 8 in. HIT-HY 200 Adhesive with 1" ASTM A193 B7 threaded rod; anchors are considered ductile steel elements
sy1 = 12 in. Four anchors in tension: Tension eccentricity = 2.59 in.
sy2 = 12 in. Six anchors in shear: no eccentricity in shear
c+x = 6 in. [Seismic without 0 (17.2.3.4.3 (a))] Mua (x-axis) = 184,000 in-lb Vua = 6,800 lb (+x direction)
c-y =- [Seismic with 0 (17.2.3.4.3 (d))] Mua (x-axis) = 230,000 in-lb Vua = 8,500 lb (+x direction)
da = 1 in.
dhole = 1.125 in.
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MINIMUM [ sx ; sy1 ; sy2 ] = MINIMUM [ 8 in. ; 12 in. ; 12 in. ] = 8 in.; smin = 5 in. smax = 3hef = (3) (15 in.) = 45 in.
NOTE: anchors spaced > 3hef are not assumed to act as a group in tension; 5 in. 8 in. 45 in. OK
17.7
MINIMUM [ c+x ; c-x ; c+y ; c-y ] = MINIMUM [ 6 in. ; ; ; 12 in. ] = 6 in.
R17.7 Section 4.1.9
cmin = 5 in. cmax = 1.5hef = (1.5)(15 in.) = 22.5 in.
17.4.2.1 Table 12
Note: if an edge distance is > 1.5hef , it is not assumed to influence the anchor
R17.4.2.1
capacity unless splitting is considered: 5 in. 6 in. 22.5 in. OK
hmin = hef + 2dhole = 15 in. + 2 (1.125 in.) = 17.25 in. h = 24 in. > 17.25 in. OK
c-x = sx = 8 in. c+x = 6 in. c+y = sy1 = 12 in. sy2 = 12 in. c-y =
Note: Only the top 4 - anchors are in tension.
cmax = 1.5 hef = 22.5 in. if c 22.5 in. use 1.5 hef 17.4.2.1
R17.4.2.1
smax = 3 hef = 45 in. if s > 45 in. no group action
Eq. (17.4.2.1b)
ANc = (c-x + sx + c+x) (c+y + sy2 + c-y) = (22.5 in. + 8 in. + 6 in.) (22.5 in. + 12 in. + 22.5 in.) = 2,080.5 in2
ANc0 = (9) (hef)2 = (9) (15 in.)2 =2,025 in2
( ) ( )
1 1
ec,N = = = 0.90 Eq. (17.4.2.4)
2eN' (2) (2.59 in.)
1+ 1+
3hef (3) (15 in.)
17.4.2.6
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. c,N = 1.0; cp,N = 1.0
17.4.2.7
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. Normal weight concrete a = 1.0 17.4.2.2
Table 12
Nb = kc,cr a c' (hef)1.5 = (17) (1.0) 6,000 psi (15 in.)1.5 = 76,500 lb Eq. (17.4.2.2a)
Ncbg =
( 2,080.5 in2
2,025 in2 )
(0.897) (0.78) (1.0) (1.0) (76,500) = 54,991 lb
17.4.2.1 (b)
Eq. (17.4.2.1b)
Table 12
Section 4.1.4
ANa 17.4.5.1
Calculate nominal bond strength in tension: Nag = ed,Na ec,Na cp,Na Nba D.5.3.7 (b)
ANao (17.4.5.1b)
Eq. (D-16b)
k,uncr
cNa = (10) (da) uncr = 1,670 psi cNa = 12.86 in.
1,100 Section 4.1.4
cmax = cNa if c cNa use cNa smax = sNa if s sNa no group action [sNa = 2cNa] 17.4.5.1 D.5.3.7
(17.4.5.1c) Eq. (D-16b to f)
A Na = (c-x+ sx+ c+x) (c+y+ sy2+ c-y) = (12.86 in. + 8 in. + 6 in.) x (12.86 in. + 12 in. + 12.86 in.) = 1,013.2 in2
(17.4.5.1d) D.5.3.8
A Nao = (2cNa)2 = [ (2) (12.86 in.) ]2 = 661.5 in2 Table 14
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( ) ( )
e'N 2.592 in. 17.4.5.3
1+ 1+ D.5.3.11
cNa 12.86 in. (17.4.5.3)
Eq. (D-16j)
f'c
( ) ( )
6,000 0.1
0.1
Adjustment to bond strength = = = 1.09 (See ESR-3187, Table 14, footnote 1) Section 4.1.4
2,500 2,500 17.4.5.5
D.5.3.14
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. cp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a)
Eq. (D-16o)
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. Normal-weight concrete: a = 1.0
Section 4.1.4
k,cr = (1.09) (805 psi) = 877 psi as per ESR-3187, Table 14
17.4.5.2 D.5.3.9
N,seis= 1.00 as per ESR-3187, Table 14 k,seis = k,cr (17.4.5.2) Eq. (D-16f)
Table 14
Nba = (a) (k,cr ) () (da ) (hef ) = (1.0) (877) () (1 in.) (15 in.) = 41,328 lb
Section 4.1.4
Nag =
( 1,013.2 in2
661.5 in2 )(0.84) (0.83) (1.0) (41,328 lb) = 44,133 lb 17.4.5.1 (b)
(17.4.5.1b)
D.5.3.7 (b)
Eq. (D-16b)
Calculate nominal steel strength in shear: v,seis Vsa 17.5.1.2 Section 4.1.5
17.5.2.5
No shear eccentricity ec,V = 1.0
Eq. (17.5.2.5)
17.5.2.6
ed,V = 1.0 if ca2,min > 1.5 ca1
Eq. (17.5.2.6a)
Note: cracked concrete conditions, no edge reinforcement assumed. c,V = 1.0 17.5.2.7
1.5ca1 17.5.2.8
h,V = Check: ha = 24 in. ; 1.5ca1 = 9 in. 24 in. > 9 in. h,V 1.0
ha Eq. (17.5.2.8)
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( )
0.2
e
(a) Vb = (7) a da c' (ca1)1.5
da
e = MINIMUM [hef ; 8da ] = MINIMUM [15 in. ; 8 in.] = 8 in. 17.5.2.2
( ) Eq. (17.5.2.2a)
0.2
8 in.
Vb = (7) (1.0) 1 in. 6,000 psi (6 in.)1.5 = 12,078 lb
1 in. Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
Section 4.1.7
17.5.3.1 (b)
Calculate nominal concrete pryout strength in shear: Vcpg = (kcp) (MINIMUM [Ncbg ; Nag ]) D.6.3.2 (b)
Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
Eq. (D-30b)
Note: 6-anchors are in shear.
Calculate Ncbg for 6-anchors.
c-x = sx = 8 in. c+x = 6 in. c+y = sy1 = 12 in. sy2 = 12 in. c-y = 12 in. 17.4.2.1
cmax = 1.5 hef = 22.5 in. if c 22.5 in. use 1.5 hef 17.4.2.1
smax = 3 hef = 45 in. if s > 45 in., no group action Eq. (17.4.2.1c)
ANc = (c-x + sx + c+x ) (c+y + sy1 + sy2 + c-y ) = (22.5 in. + 8 in. + 6 in.) (22.5 in. + 12 in. + 12 in. + 22.5 in.) = 2,518.5 in2
ANc0 = (9) (hef)2 = (9) (15 in.)2 =2025 in2
17.4.2.4
Note: tension eccentricity not considered for pryout. ec,N = 1.0
Eq. (17.4.2.4)
17.4.2.6
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. c,N = 1.0 cp,N = 1.0
17.4.2.7
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. Normal weight concrete a = 1.0. 17.4.2.2
Table 12
Nb = kc,cr a c' (hef)1,5 = (17) (1.0) 6,000 (15 in.)1,5 = 76,500 lb Eq. (17.4.2.2a)
Calculate Nag for 6-anchors. c-x = sx = 8 in. c+x = 6 in. c+y = sy1 = 12 in. sy2 = 12 in. c-y = Section 4.1.4
1,820 17.4.5.1 D.5.3.7
cNa = 10 (1 in.) = 12.86 in.; if c cNa use cNa; if s > sNa no group action [sNa = 2cNa]
1,100 (17.4.5.1c) Eq. (D-16b to f)
A Na = (c-x + sx + c+x) (c+y + 2cy2 + c-y) = (12.86 in. + 8 in. + 6 in.) x (12.86 in. + 12 in.+ 12 in. + 12.86 in.) = 1,335.5 in2 (17.4.5.1d) D.5.3.8
A Nc0 = (2cNa)2 = (2 x 12.86)2 = 661.5 in2 Table 14
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Section 4.1.4
Note: cracked concrete conditions have been assumed. Normal weight concrete: a = 1.0
17.4.5.2 D.5.3.9
'c = 6,000 psi (1.09) (k,cr ) (N,seis ) = (1.09) (805 psi) (1.00) = 877 psi
Eq. (17.4.5.2) Eq. (D-16f)
N ba = (a) (k,cr ) () (danchor ) (hef ) = (1.0) (877 psi) () (1 in.) (15 in.) = 41,328 lb
17.4.5.1 (b) Table 14
Summary
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Anchor pretensioning forces dissipate over time due to In some cases, it may be necessary to ascertain the length
relaxation in the concrete and, to a lesser degree, in the bolt of time over which unprotected anchorages will survive
threads. Re-torquing anchors can result in a higher level of fire exposure. The design of anchors for fire conditions is
residual prestress. predicated on the availability of test data for the performance
of anchors subjected to a standardized time-temperature
Anchor pretensioning should not be counted on for cases
curve (e.g., ASTM E 119, ISO 834) while under load.
where cracking of the concrete may occur (i.e., earthquake
loading).
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3.1.14 Design of post-installed concrete splitting and reinforcing bar pullout failure prior to
reinforcing bar development (attainment) of bar yield stress. Although
connections the term lap splice implies direct transfer of stress from
bar to bar, forces between bars are transferred via struts
Previous to this section, design of post-installed threaded and hoop stresses in the concrete. The ICC-ES acceptance
rod and rebar have followed the anchoring provisions of criteria for adhesive anchors in concrete, AC308, now
ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 and CSA A23.3-14 Annex D. Another includes procedures and requirements for the recognition of
common and long-standing application of anchoring post-installed designed reinforcing using the development
adhesives is the installation of deformed reinforcing bars length provisions of ACI 318-14 Chapters 18 and 25. Hilti
in holes drilled in concrete to emulate the behavior of HIT-RE 500 V3 and HIT-HY 200 are recognized in ICC-ES
cast-in-place reinforcing bars. ESR-3814 and ESR-3187, respectively, for this purpose.
This section is a supplement to the Hilti North America
Post-installed
Post-Installed Reinforcing Bar Guide and is an alternative to reinforcing bars
considering the post-installed rebar as an "anchor". Refer to Transverse
the Guide for a comprehensive description of post-installed reinforcement
limits width of
reinforcing bar design with Hilti adhesive anchor systems. splitting cracks
2. Anchoring to concrete provisions in ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Tension development length: ACI 318-14 25.4.2.3
and CSA A23.3-14 Annex D.
Under the conditions given in ESR-3814 and ESR-3187 as
Within this section, development and splice lengths are revised in July 2015, design of post-installed reinforcing
provided according to ACI 318-14 Chapter 25 and CSA bars with HIT-RE 500 V3 and HIT-HY 200, respectively, may
A23.3-14 Chapter 12 calculations (see item 1 above). be performed using the applicable provisions of ACI 318-
In addition, embedment depths provided for anchorage 14 Chapters 18 and 25. The basic expression for tension
calculations correspond to development of reinforcing bars development length in Chapter 25 is provided in the following
following an approach outlined in a paper published in the equation as:
[ )]
ACI Structural Journal (see item 2 above). 3 y t e s
d = db
Post-installed reinforcing bar installations in accordance with
ACI 318-14 and CSA A23.3-14 can also be designed using
40 'c
( cb + ktr
db
Hiltis PROFIS Anchor and PROFIS Rebar software. You can where the confinement term (cb + Ktr)/db shall not be taken as
access PROFIS Anchor and PROFIS Rebar at www.us.hilti. greater than 2.5 and the design value of d shall not be less
com in the U.S., and at www.hilti.ca in Canada. than 12 inches per 25.4.2.1.
3.1.14.1 Development Note: Because the "top bar" factor, t, accounts for bar
and splicing using position effects in freshly poured concrete, it may be
neglected for the drilled-in portion of post-installed bars.
ACI 318-14 Chapter 25
t must be applied where applicable for the freshly cast-in
provisions
portion of new bars and for the spliced portions of existing
ACI 318-14 Chapter 25 contains provisions for reinforcing bar cast-in-place bars
development and splice lengths in non-seismic applications.
Development lengths are assumed to preclude
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Tension lap splices: ACI 318-14 25.5.2 Tension development length: CSA A23.3-14 12.2.2 EQ 12-1
Post-installed
reinforcing bars
Transverse
reinforcement
limits width of
splitting cracks
CIP
reinforcing Section A-A
bars
forces transferred
directly to CIP
reinforcing bars
via bond
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8-in.
design provisions for the determination of the tensile strength
1.5-in. (E) slab (N) Slab SECTION
of post-installed adhesive anchors in concrete, whereby
min (6-in., d / 5) Roughened surface,
B-B
B
1/4-in. amplitude the strength is taken as the minimum of the resistances
corresponding to steel rupture, concrete breakout, and
A-A
New-to-existing slab connection bond failure at the adhesive-to-concrete interface. Since
the establishment of development length is based on
Step 1: Parameters
the assumption of the attainment of a minimum strength
Existing construction (E) slab, 8-inch thick, 4000 psi normal corresponding to yield of the bar, the design equations
weight concrete, Gr. 60 reinforcement, for anchorage can also be applied to this problem.
#6 bars at 12-inch on-center spacing. Within the May-June 2013 issue of the ACI Structural
Note: other detailing not shown. Journal, Recommended Procedures for Development
and Splicing of Post-Installed Bonded Reinforcing Bars in
New construction (N) slab, 8-inch thick, 5000 psi normal
Concrete Structures by Charney, Pal and Silva provides a
weight concrete, Gr. 60 reinforcement,
methodology for establishing the bar embedment to develop
#6 bars at 12-inch on-center spacing.
the bar using the concepts of anchorage contained in ACI
Step 2: Determine the development length for 318-14 Chapter 17. This methodology is similarly applicable
a Class B splice to CSA A23.3 Annex D.
Assuming Ktr is equal to zero (i.e., no transverse reinforcing Note: This procedure is not addressed in ACI 318-14 or in
present to restrain splitting), with 12inch spacing and CSA A23.3. As stated in Charney, et al., the assumptions
1.5inch cover, cb = (1.5 + 0.625/2) = 1.875 inches and made to ensure bar yield are a matter of judgment and may
(cb + Ktr)/db = (1.875 + 0)/0.625 = 2.5. With (cb + Ktr)/db 2.5 require unique determination for specific applications and
and less than 12 inches of concrete in the slab member conditions. For specific cases, contact Hilti.
installed below existing bars, Table 89 in Sec. 3.2.4, applies
The use of bond values corresponding to the assumption of
to both existing and new reinforcement. From Table 83 in
uncracked vs. cracked concrete for the design of reinforcing
Sec. 3.2.4, the Class B splice length of a #6 bar in 4000 psi
bar embedment is a matter of judgment. The ACI 318-14
concrete is 22 inches.
Chapter 25 development length provisions do not explicitly
Per ACI 318-14 25.5.1.3, the distance between a post-installed consider reduction of bond corresponding to cracking of
reinforcing bar and an existing cast-in-place reinforcing bar to the concrete that may arise in conjunction with structure
which the post-installed bar is spliced shall be no greater than loading, shrinkage, etc. Furthermore, while the development
the lesser of 6 in. and one-fifth of the development length. For length provisions of the code appear to consider only the
this example 22/5 = 4.5 in. nominal yield strength of the bar, it may be prudent to
provide sufficient embedment to develop the actual bar
Step 3: Specification
yield, generally assumed to be 125% of the nominal value.
Install #6 Gr. 60 reinforcing bars at 12 inches on center with a Tables 90 and 95 in Sec. 3.2.3, and Tables 84 and 89 in
minimum 24-inch embedment (22-inch splice plus 2-inch end Sec. 3.2.4 provide calculated embedments to develop Gr.
cover) using Hilti HIT-RE 500 V3 as shown in the figure above. 60 rebar based on the application of anchor theory. For the
Locate post-installed bars within 4-1/2 in. of existing bars to development of these Tables, the strengths corresponding
be spliced. Install in accordance with Hilti Instructions for Use. to the applicable limit states for single bars in tension for
Do not damage existing reinforcing. Roughen interface to 1/4- non-seismic applications (i.e., SDC A and B) in ACI 318-14
inch amplitude prior to placement of post-installed bars. Chapter 17 are taken as follows:
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Roughened surface, Spacing: To account for the influence of nearby bars on the
1/4-in. amplitude concrete resistance (breakout/bond failure), minimum spacing
is calculated as the greater of 20db (k,uncr /1100 psi) 0.5
and 3hef,breakout
Section through a shotcrete onlay wall with post-installed Edge distance: To account for the effect of edge distance on
dowels designed using anchor provisions whereby the the concrete resistance, minimum edge distance is calculated
concrete breakout and bond strengths with reduction factors as the greater of 10db (k,uncr /1100 psi)0.5 and 1.5hef,breakout.
applied are each set equal to the assumed bar yield strength. In addition, for uncracked concrete, the minimum edge
In CSA calculations, R for breakout and bond calculations distance may be governed by the value of cac, the critical
is conservatively assumed to equal 1.0. The resulting edge distance for splitting failure where the design assumes
expressions are solved for hef as follows: uncracked concrete and where there is no reinforcing to
As governed by single-bar concrete breakout strength: control splitting cracks.
( )( h
)
0.4
( )
Ab (1.25 y ) 2/3 k,uncr
hef,breakout = cac = hef 3.1 - 0.7
1160 hef
ckc,uncr 'c
h
with minimum ca and s intended to preclude edge and where 2.4 and
hef
spacing effects.
k,uncr is the characteristic bond strength stated in the
As governed by single-bar bond strength: Evaluation Service Report and cannot be taken as larger than:
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Fastening Technology
Ca
Nbreakout,m =( )ANc
k
ANco c c,uncr
'c hef,breakout1.5
( )
(E) mat foundation ANa
Nbond,m = d h
ANao b k,uncr b ef,bond
hef,breakout =
cANc kc,uncr 'c
Condition II: thick member, heavily reinforcing
Considerations for determination of minimum edge distance with minimum ca intended to preclude edge effects.
Note: The term (ANco / ANc) depends on hef. For this reason,
the calculation of hef using the equation above may require
iteration.
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Fastening Technology
may elect to employ alternate design assumptions for bar Section views of wall-to-slab starter bars
development based on the specific conditions for a given
Step 1: Establish requirements for the new bars
design.
Existing construction (E) 12-inch thick foundation,
Edge distance: To account for the effect of edge distance on
6000 psi normal weight concrete,
the concrete resistance, minimum edge distance is calculated
Gr. 60 reinforcement.
as the greater of 10db (k,uncr /1100 psi )0.5 and 1.5hef,breakout.
New construction (N) 10-inch wide wall as shown,
In addition, for uncracked concrete, the minimum edge
5000 psi normal weight concrete, Gr.
distance may be governed by the value of cac, the critical
60 reinforcement, #5 bars at 24inch
edge distance for splitting failure, where the design assumes
on-center spacing.
uncracked concrete and there is no reinforcing to control
splitting cracks. Step 2: Determine the development length for the wall
starter bars using anchor theory
General assumptions: Embedment depths in Tables 91
through 93 and 96 through 98 in Sec. 3.2.3, and Tables 85 From Table 85 in Sec. 3.2.4, a #5 bar with f'c= 6000 psi
through 87 and 90 through 92 in Sec. 3.2.4,are predicated produces hef = 9 inches with ca 25 inches.
on the assumptions that 1) edge distances are no less than
Step 3: Specification
cNa and cac as defined by ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 and AC308,
respectively, 2) all bars in the group are loaded equally, 3) Gr. 60 #5 reinforcing bars installed at an 9-inch embedment
uncracked concrete conditions apply, 4) that orthogonal bars with Hilti HIT-RE 500 V3 at 24-inch O.C. no less than 25
are spaced far enough way to preclude edge and spacing inches from all edges. Install per Hilti Instructions for Use. Do
effects, 5) bars are NOT subject to sustained tension, and 6) not damage existing reinforcing. Roughen interface to 1/4-inch
that the number of bars in a linear array, nbars, is equal to 10. amplitude prior to placement of post-installed bars.
Note: Tables 91 through 93 and 96 through 98 in Sec. 3.2.3, Note: ACI 318-14 and ICC Evaluation Service Reports refer
and Tables 85 through 87 and 90 through 92 in Sec. 3.2.4, to the manufacturer instructions for use as the Manufacturers
provide calculated embedment depths, edge distances, and Published Installation Instructions (MPII).
spacing values corresponding to the stated assumptions
that are intended to develop 125% of nominal yield in Grade
60 reinforcing bars under non-earthquake conditions (i.e.,
SDC A and B). The use of other assumptions (e.g., bond
values corresponding to cracked concrete or seismic loading,
omission of the bar overstrength multiplier, etc.) will result in
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