PART-C

1. A shaft carries four masses in parallel planes A, B, C and D in this order along its length. The
masses at B and C are 18 kg and 12.5 kg respectively, and each has an eccentricity of 60 mm.
The masses at A and D have an eccentricity of 80 mm. The angle between the masses at B and
C is 100 and that between the masses at B and A is 190, both being measured in the same
direction. The axial distance between the planes A and B is 100 mm and that between B and C
is 200 mm. If the shaft is in complete dynamic balance, determine :
1. The magnitude of the masses at A and D;
2. The distance between planes A and D; and
3. The angular position of the mass at D.

2. A rotating shaft carries four unbalanced masses 18 kg, 14 kg, 16 kg and 12 kg at radii 50 mm,
60mm, 70 mm and 60 mm respectively. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th masses revolve in planes 80 mm,
160mm and 280 mm respectively measured from the plane of the first mass and are angularly
located at60, 135 and 270 respectively measured clockwise from the first mass looking from
this mass end of the shaft. The shaft is dynamically balanced by two masses, both located at 50
mm radii and revolving in planes mid-way between those of 1st and 2nd masses and midway
between those of 3rd and 4th masses. Determine, graphically or otherwise, the magnitudes of
the masses and their respective angular positions.

3. A shaft 1.5 m long, supported in flexible bearings at the ends carries two wheels each of 50 kg
mass. One wheel is situated at the centre of the shaft and the other at a distance of 375 mm from
the centre towards left. The shaft is hollow of external diameter 75 mm and internal diameter
40 mm. The density of the shaft material is 7700 kg/m3 and its modulus of elasticity is 200
GN/m2. Find the lowest whirling speed of the shaft, taking into account the mass of the shaft.
4. A flywheel is mounted on a vertical shaft as shown in Fig. The both ends of the shaft are fixed
and its diameter is 50 mm. The flywheel has a mass of 500 kg. Find the natural frequencies of
longitudinal and transverse vibrations. Take E = 200 GN/m2.

5. Four masses A, B, C and D as shown below are to be completely balanced.

A B C D
Mass (kg) - 30 50 40
Radius (mm) 180 240 120 150

The planes containing masses B and C are 300 mm apart. The angle between planes
Containing B and C is 90. B and C make angles of 210 and 120 respectively with
D in the same sense. Find:
1. The magnitude and the angular position of mass A; and
2. The position of planes A and D.

6. A, B, C and D are four masses carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100,125, 200 and 150
mm respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and
the mass of B, C and D are 10 kg, 5 kg, and 4 kg respectively.
Find the required mass A and the relative angular settings of the four masses so
that the shaft shall be in complete balance.

7. The reciprocating mass per cylinder in a 60 V-twin engine is 1.5 kg. The stroke and
connecting rod length are 100 mm and 250 mm respectively. If the engine runs at 2500
r.p.m., determine the maximum and minimum values of the primary and secondary
forces. Also find out the crank position corresponding these values.
8. An inside cylinder locomotive has its cylinder centre lines 0.7 m apart and has a stroke of 0.6
m. The rotating masses per cylinder are equivalent to 150 kg at the crank pin, and the
reciprocating masses per cylinder to 180 kg. The wheel centre lines are 1.5 m apart. The cranks
are at right angles.
The whole of the rotating and 2/3 of the reciprocating masses are to be balanced by masses
placed at a radius of 0.6 m. Find the magnitude and direction of the balancing masses.
Find the fluctuation in rail pressure under one wheel, variation of tractive effort and the
magnitude of swaying couple at a crank speed of 300 r.p.m.
 PART-B
1. Derive the following expressions, for an uncoupled two cylinder locomotive engine :
(a) Longitudinal vibration; (b) Transverse vibration; and (c) Torsional vibration.
2. A shaft of length 0.75 m, supported freely at the ends, is carrying a body of mass 90 kg
at 0.25 m from one end. Find the natural frequency of transverse vibration. Assume
E = 200 GN/m2 and shaft diameter = 50 mm.
3. A single cylinder reciprocating engine has speed 240 r.p.m., stroke 300 mm, mass of
reciprocating parts 50 kg, mass of revolving parts at 150 mm radius 37 kg. If two third
of the reciprocating parts and all the revolving parts are to be balanced, find: 1. The
balance mass required at a radius of 400 mm, and 2. The residual unbalanced force
when the crank has rotated 60 from top dead centre.
4. Derive the following expressions, for an uncoupled two cylinder locomotive engine :
(b) Variation is tractive force; (b) Swaying couple; and (c) Hammer blow.

5. A cantilever shaft 50 mm diameter and 300 mm long has a disc of mass 100 kg at its
free end. The Young's modulus for the shaft material is 200 GN/m2. Determine the
frequency of longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the shaft.

6. shaft 50 mm diameter and 3 metres long is simply supported at the ends and carries
three loads of 1000 N, 1500 N and 750 N at 1 m, 2 m and 2.5 m from the left support.
The Young's modulus for shaft material is 200 GN/m2. Find the frequency of transverse
vibration.

PART-A
1. The primary unbalanced force is maximum when the angle of inclination of the
crank with the line of stroke is?
2. What is meant by partial balancing?
3. Multi cylinder engines are desirable because
4. Secondary forces in reciprocating mass on engine frame are
5. The effect of hammer blow in a locomotive can be reduced by?
6. When a body is subjected to transverse vibrations, the stress induced in a body
will be
7. The factor which affects the critical speed of a shaft is
8. The ratio of the maximum displacement of the forced vibration to the deflection
due to the static force, is known as
9. When there is a reduction in amplitude over every cycle of vibration, then the
body is said to have
10. What are the causes and effects of vibration?