vs.

/



()
()

Syntax
a. The sentence patterns of language(Fromkin &
Rodman 1998)
word formation(2004)
(1999:133)
( 1985)
morphology()
b. The part of the grammar that represents a
() 1994 2000
speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases
and sentences is called syntax The study of the internal structure of words,
and of the rules by which words are formed.

(1999:134)
( 1985:126)
c.(1982:107)
3 4

()
--(2008:22)

() 1
2
/ 3
4
/ 5
6
7
(1990)(2000) 8
9
10

11

5 6

1
 / 1
--(2007)2-1-1 -(1990)







1.

2.


()
()



7 8

2 /
--(2000)




(2003)

(


2003)




9 10

---(2003)
---------------------------------------------



a.()
b. ()
c. ()
d. ()

e.()

11 12
12

2

-- 1
Lexicalization




Grammaticalization


()

13 14

2





()




()


15 16

X+




()


+Y


2002
17 18

+Y




X+



19 20

lexicalization
Lexicalization-Brinton and Traugott
( 2005 )
a. Ordinary process of word formation
b. process of fusion resulting in a decrease in
autonomy in compositionality
c. process of separation resulting in an increase in

autonomy
d. institutionalized adoption into the lexicon or the
creation of neologisms

21 22

Grammaticalization, syntacticization
- 2002 2003a




Givon 1971


vs 1995
20002000
23 24

4
 vs.
--2002

2000
Heine et. al. 1991b

PERSON > OBJECT > PROCESS > SPACE > TIME
> QUALITY Heine et. al. 1991b
2003b
Hopper 1991

25 26

X I

27 28

XII

29 30

5
 X--

a.
b.
c.
2003
31 32

X--
X--

33 34

X--

a
b
2003

Xn+n

Xv/adj+n
35 36

6
 X+--
semantic bleaching


2002
X+


+Y


37 38

X+--










39 40

X+-- X+--

41 42

7
 X+--
X+--

()

43 44

2000
45 46

X+ +Y

1

2




( )


47 48

8







1

2



49 50

+Y +YX+

()
X+




+Y

51 52

2004 A B C

Comrieanimacy
2002 E1
D1 E2
D2 E3 F
D3 E4
D4 E5
1987 E6
+Y4X+22 2003

person > object > process > space > time> quality
(Heine et. al. 1991)
53 54

9
 X+
A B D2
C
D1 E2E3
E6
D3 2000

D4 /
E1 E5
E4 X+

55 56

1


Heine et. al. 1991
2001



(vs.)(vs.
)
57 58

2
-Hopper1991

layering
divergence Y
X
()


specialization
syntacticization

persistence ?
2000 2006
de-categorialization X
59 60

10
 -
--?
??(2000)
*
( ) *

(1984)V+N2533
(2006:70)
(1996)HSK 355
248(70%) (2006:73-74)
--1957
()
61 62

(1998):
HSK314248 :

:
1.6%
2.4%
:
2.6% :
5.2% (1979) :
(2006:77-79)


63
- 64

: (2000)



:

65 66

11

-2006 -2006






-


naadv

(N+A)(N+V)
(V+A)(V+V) vs.

67 68

vs.
VOAC


()

V+A+O

: V++O

OV+C+
+O * *
V+C+
69 70

2006
:
?! 2006 X+

*/??!

*?!
2006
1-30
2000

2006
71
72

12