Oct. 9, 1951 B. T.

MALAcHowsKl 2,570,467
TRANSMISSION
Filed Feb. 5, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet l

INVENTOR.
BRONISLAUS IMALACHOWSKI
BY

ATTORNEYS
Oct 9, 1951 B. T.I MALAcHowsKl 2,570,467
TRANSMISSION
Filed Feb. 5, 1947 3 Sheets-Shea?l 2

INVENTOR.
BRoNlsLAu s T. MALAcHowsKl
BY '

ATTORNEYS
Oct. 9, 195.1 B. T. MALAcHowsKl 2,570,457
. TRANSMISSION

Filed Feb. 5, 1947 ` s Smets-sheet s

INVENTOR.
BRONISLAUS T_MALACHOWSKl
BY
l l

ATTORNEYS
Patented Oct. 9, 1951 2,570,467

UNITED STATES PATENT `OFFICE

2,570,467 ' .

"TRANSMISSION
Bronislaus T. .MalachowskL` Detroit, Mich.
Application February 3, 1947, serial No. 726,033
>1 Claim. (Cl. "Z4-_6881) 1
1 , 2
The invention relates to transmissions andre gears are mounted on the carrier 8 having the
fers more particularly to automaticV transmissions radial ange 9 and the hub I0 which latter en
for driving a driven shaft at various speedsl from circles and is secured to the driven shaft 2 as by
a drive shaft. ' being splined thereto. Each planetary gear 1
The invention has for one of its objects to pro is journalled on the shouldered pin II which~
vide an improved transmission which is con extends transversely of and is xedly secured to
structed to drive a driven shaft through a rela the radial ange 9.
tively wide range of speeds. - For driving the external gear 5 by the drive
The invention has for another object to pro shaft, clutch mechanism is provided between theV
vide an improved transmission which is con two. This clutch mechanism comprises the front
structed to positively drive the driven shaft at internal and external cone clutch members I2
one speed and to drive the driven shaft by means and I3, respectively, having the external and in~
`of a uid coupling at higher speeds. ternal conical friction Vfaces I4 and I5, respec
The invention has for a further object to pro tively. The external gear 5 is rotatable with the
vide an improved transmission having means for fron-t internal cone clutch member I2 and> is lo
holding the driven shaft from rotation in the di cated at the rear end of the hub I6 of the inter
rection of rotation of the drive shaft at a faster nal cone clutch member and is preferably inte'--
rate than that of the drive shaft. gral therewith. The external cone clutch mem-f
The invention has for further objects to provide ber I3 is movable axially forwardly from an in-r
an improved transmission having an automatical operative position with the friction faces' I4 and
ly operable clutch between the drive shaft and l'out of driving engagement to an operative po*
epicyclic gearing ofthe transmission to drive the sition with the friction faces in driving engag-
latter from the former and to provide an im ment and to accomplish the forward axial move-
proved transmission having clutches for coupling ment the drive shaft I is provided at its rear end
the drive shaft to one of the external and internal. with the radial ange I'I tov which is iixedly se-f
gears of the epicyclic gearing and to a uid cou cured the actuating ring I8. The actuating ring
pling and for also coupling .the uid coupling to i8 has the external teeth I9 arranged at an angle"4
the other of the external and internal. gears to of substantially 45 to the axis of the drive shaft
eiect driving oi' the driven shaft at a progressive and- the external cone clutch member I5 has th'e
ly increasing rate. ' 30 correspondingly inclined internal teeth 20 in mesh-
With these as well as other objects in View, the with the external teeth I9. The angle of the
invention resides in the novel> features of con teeth is such that upon rotation of the drive'
struction and combinations and arrangementsof shaft If in a clockwise direction looking from
parts as more fully hereinafter set forth.. in front of the transmission, the external cone
In the drawings: 35 clutch member is moved' axially forward to bring
Figure l is a longitudinal section through a its intel-nal friction face I5 into firm frictional'
transmission embodying the invention; enga-gement with the external friction face I4 of
Figures 2, 3', 4, 5 and 6 are cross sections on the internal cone'clutch member to drive the
the lines 2_2, 3_3, 4--4, 5-5'and 6-6 of Figure latter. '

1; and The external cone clutch member I5 is resili--

Figure 7 is an edge elevation of one of the entl-y urged axially in a rearward direction by-
members shown in Figure 6. means of the annular series of axially extending
The transmission, as illustrated in the present coil springs 2| which abut the drive shaft an'ge'
instance, is particularly adapted for use in motor Il andf thevannular plate 22, the latter abutting
vehicles and comprises thev drive shaft' I`, the 45 the front-side of the radial ange 23 of the exter
axially aligned driven shaft 2 and mechanism be nal cone clutch member. To limit the rearward
tween the two shafts comprising the epicyclic~ axial movement of the external cone clutch mem
gearing 3 andV the fluid coupling 4 for driving" ber under the' action of the coil springs there' is
the driven shaft from the drive shaft through a theannu-lar stop 24v` secured tothe plate 22 by the`v
relatively wide range of speeds in a smooth un 50 cap-bolts~25 and extending over and abutting' the
interrupted manner. front' side of thefl'ange I1.
The epicyclic gearing 3 comprises the external _ _ The hub I6 'ofi the internal cone clutch mem
or sun gear 5, the internal gear Iiv and the planeY berA I2 has the~ reduced portion 26V which extends
tary gears or pinions 1 between and in mesh with axiallyjforwardly within the enlarged rearward
the external and internal gears; The planetary 55 portion 21 of the drive shaft I. The driven shaft

2 extends within the reduced hub portion 26.
A suitable bearing 28 is provided between the
enlarged rear end portion 21 land the section 29
of the transmission housing. Also suitable bear
ings 3U and 3| are provided between the enlarged
rear end portion 21 and the reduced hub portion
26 and between the reduced hub portion 26 and
the driven shaft 2 respectively.
To prevent rotation of the internal gear 6 in
a counter clockwise direction looking from in `
front of the transmission so that the drive shaft
I can positively drive the driven shaft 2, the
roller one-way brake mechanism 32 is provided
between the rear member 33 which rotates with
the internal gear as a unit and the section 34
of the transmission housing. The roller one
way brake mechanism comprises the axially
rearwardly extending portion 35 of the _hub 36
of the rear member, the rollers 31 and the ring
38 xedly secured to the housing section 34. The 20 10 are provided.
hub portion 35 has the external cam faces 39
engageable with the rollers and the ring 38 has>
a cylindrical internal face concentric with the
driven shaft 2 and also engageable with the
rollers. A suitable bearing 4|) is located between 25 the carrier hub I, the rollers 61 and the axially
the hub 36 and the driven shaft 2.
The uid coupling 4 comprises the opposed
annular drive and driven sections 4| and 42 re
spectively, each being, as shown, of semi-circu
lar cross section and opening toward the other.
The drive and driven sections are provided with
the substantially radial iins 43 and 44 respec
tively, the number of the former being prefera
bly greater than the number of the latter. The
drive section 4I is fixedly secured to the front 35 ing from in front of the transmission relative
external cone clutch member I3 by the bracket
45 which is welded to the section and secured
to the radial nange 46 of the external cone
clutch member by the cap bolts 41. The front
section is also connected to the plate 22 and 40 wise direction looking from in front of the trans
stop 24 by the bracket 43 riveted to the drive
4
springs 52. The driven section 42 of the fluid
coupling is xedly secured to the rear external
cone clutch member 49 by the bracket 51 which
is welded to the driven section and secured to the
radial flange 58 of the external cone clutch
member by the cap bolts 59. The driven section
is also connected to the radial ange 60 of the
rear external cone clutch member by the annu
lar plate 6| and the bracket 62, the former being
secured to the flange by the cap bolts 63 and the
latter being riveted to the driven section and se
cured to the plate by the cap bolts 64.
To prevent overrunning of the driven shaft 2
relative to the drive shaft I in a clockwise direc
tion looking from in front of the transmission,
or in other words, to prevent rotation of the driven
shaft at a faster rate than the drive shaft in a
clockwise direction looking from in front of the
transmission, the roller clutch mechanisms 65 and
l
The roller clutch mechanism 65 is located be
tween the rear internal cone clutch member 33
and the planetary gear carrier 8 and comprises
the axially rearwardly extending portion 66 of
forwardly extending portion 68 of the hub 36 of
the rear internal cone clutch member. The hub
portion 66 has the external cam faces 69 engage
able with the rollers, and the hub portion 68 has
a cylindrical internal face concentric with the
carrier hub and the driven shaft and also engage
able with the rollers. This roller clutch mecha
nism prevents overrunning of the rear internal
cone-clutch member in a clockwise direction look
to the carrier and the driven shaft, or in other
words, prevents rotation of the rear internal cone
clutch member at a faster rate than the plane
tary gear carrier and the driven shaft in a clock
mission. `

section and secured to the plate and stop by The roller clutch mechanism 16_ is located be
the cap bolts 25. tween the external or sun gear 5 and the drive
` For driving the internal gear 6 in a clockwise shaft I, and comprises the portion 1I of the hub
direction by the iluid coupling 4 and more par I6 in rear of the reduced portion 26, the rollers 12
ticularly its driven section 42, clutch mechanism and the axially rearwardly extending flange 13
is provided. This clutch mechanism comprises upon _the radial flange I1 of the drive shaft.
the rear member 33 and the rear external cone The hub portion 1I has the external cam faces
clutch member 49, the rear member forming a 14 engageable with the rollers and the flange
rear cone clutch'member with the internal gear 13'has a cylindrical internal face concentric with
atY its front end and preferably integral there the. drive shaft and the driven shaft and also en
with. The rear external and internal cone clutch gageable with the rollers. The roller clutch
members have the external and internal con mechanism'10 prevents overrunning of the ex
centric friction faces 56 and 5| respectively. ternal or sun gear 5 in a clockwise direction look
The rear external cone clutch member is axially 55 ing from in front of the transmission relative
movable rearwardly relative to the rear internal to the drive shaft or, in other words, prevents ro
cone clutch member from an inoperative posi tation of_the external or sun gear at a faster
tion in-which the friction faces are out of driv rate than the drive shaft in a clockwise direc
ing engagement to an operative position in which tion looking from in front of the transmission.
they rmly engage each other or are in driving 60 The radial flange I1, the web of the front in
engagement. To resiliently hold the external ternal cone clutch member I2 and the web of the
cone clutch member in its forward position with rear internal cone clutch member 33 are provided
clearance between the friction faces there are with Vannular series of holes 15, 16 and 11 re
the annular series of axially extending coil spectively through which the transmission liquid
springs 52 abutting the internal cone clutch 65 passes to the iiuid coupling 4 when the latter is in
member and the ring 53 which latter has a radi operation. The housing section 29 is formed with
ally. outwardly extending flange abutting the the passage 18 and 19 leading from the central and
rear face of the radially inwardly extending an peripheral portions, respectively, of the interior
nular Yprojection 54 of the external cone clutch of the transmission housing to the bearing 28 to
member. 55 is a stop in the nature of a plate 70 assure lubrication of the bearing by the trans
xedly secured to the front side of the internal mission liquid at all times. '
cone clutch member by the cap screws 56 and With the construction as thus far described
adapted to be abutted by the ring 53 to limit and assuming the partsv to be stationary, it will
the forward axial movement of the external cone be'seen that upon rotation of the drive shaft I in
clutch member under the action of the coil 75 a .clockwise direction-looking from in front of the
 2,570,467
5
transmission, the actuating member I8 rotates section of the fluid coupling and the planetary
the front external cone clutch member I3 and gearing no appreciable resistance or drag is
the drive section 4I of the fluid coupling in the exerted by the driven section upon the driven
inoperative position of the front external cone shaft when the latter is being driven at low speed.
clutch member until the resistance to rotation While the drive shaft I may be driven through
exerted mainly by the drive section by reason of its a clutch, it may also be driven directly, in which
inertia and the inertia of the transmission liquid case; it is desirable to provide means which may
overcomes the effort exerted by the coil springs be> manually controlled to connect lthe driven
2l after which the actuating member I8 in addi shaftzto another shaft such as the propeller shaft
tion to rotating the front external cone clutch 10 of a motor'vehicle. As shown in the present in
member moves it axially forwardly to its opera stance. 80 is a manually operable clutch member
tive position. The front external cone clutch movable axially forwardly to clutch the driven
member then rotates the front internal cone shaft 2 to the shaft 8| and also movable axially
clutch member I2 and the sun gear 5 and this rearwardly to clutch the driven shaft2 through
sun gear through the planetary gearsl l and the Cil reverse gearing to the shaft 8 I.
carrier 8 rotates the driven shaft in a clockwise What I claim as my invention is:
direction looking from in front of the trans A'transmission comprising a drive shaft ro
mission, the internal gear B during this time being tatable in one direction, a driven shaft, epicyclic
held from counter clockwise rotation, looking gearing having external and internal gears and
from in front of the transmission, by the roller 20 a lplanetary gear meshing with said external and ~~
one-way brake mechanism 32. The drive section internal gears and operatively connected to said
4| of the fluid coupling il rotates with the front driven shaft, a fluid coupling comprising opposed
external cone clutch member I3 and, as the speed drive and driven sections, a clutch member con
of the drive shaft I increases, the liquid in the nected to one of said external and internal gears,
drive section is forced into the driven section 42 25 a second axially movable clutch member coopera
of the fluid coupling to compel the latter to ro tive with said first mentioned clutch member and
tate. As the force exerted by the liquid increases carrying said drive section, means operable by
the speed of rotation of the driven section in said drive shaft for rotating and axially mov
f creases and finally the liquid travels circumferen ing said cooperating clutch member in frictional
tially in the torus of the fluid coupling generating engagement with said rst mentioned clutch
a centrifugal force of its own to overcome the member, a third clutch member connected to the
resistance to rearward axial movement of the other of said external and internal gears, a fourth
driven section which latter is then moved axially , clutch member cooperative with said third clutch
rearwardly and away from the drive section and member and carrying said driven section and ro
gradually moves the rear external cone clutchV tatable and axially movable by said driven section
member 49 axially rearwardly from its inop into frictional engagement with said third clutch
erative position to its operative position. This member, and means for holding said third clutch
rear external cone clutch member then rotates member from rotation in a direction opposite that
the rear internal cone clutch member 33 and of said drive shaft.
at a progressively increasing rate as the rate of 40 BRONISLAUS T. MALACHOWSKI.
rotation of the driven section of the fluid coupling
increases until all of the parts are rotating as REFERENCES CITED
a unit at which time the internal gear B is ro The following references are of record in the
tating at the same rate as the sun gear 5 and the lille of this patent:
driven shaft 2 is rotating at the same rate as the
UNITED STATES PATENTS
drive shaft I.
By reason of the roller clutch mechanisms 65 Number Name Date
and 'I0 the driven shaft 2 cannot overrun the . 2,015,300 Dell et al _________ __ Sept. 24, 1935
drive shaft I so that the means for rotating the 2,055,300 Maurer _________ __ Sept. 22, 1936
drive shaft can function as a brake for the driven 50 2,112,016 Dell et al _________ __ Mar. 22, 1938
shaft. Also by reason of the clutch construction 2,238,748 Patterson _________ __ Apr. 15, 1941
between the drive shaft and the driven shaft no 2,298,649 Russell __________ __ Oct. 13, 1942
appreciable driving effort is exerted on the driven 2,301,451 Pollard __________ __ Nov. 10, 1942
shaft by the drive shaft when the latter is ro 2,388,062 Keller ___________ __ Oct. 30, 1945
tating at low or idling speed. Further by rea 2,410,921 Avila ____________ __ Nov. 12, 1946
son of the clutch construction between the driven 2,421,190 Dodge ____ __ ...... __ May 2'7, 1947