Professional Documents
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November 2
2014
014
01 4
RESIDENCE HALLS
Six New Trends in Student Living
32
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COVER STORY NOVEMBER VOLUME 55, NO. 11
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editorial
I
n June, a teenage shooter carrying concealed According to the 17 experts we interviewed,
Agnes Smolen
EDITORIAL ADVISERS automatic weapons shot and killed a 14-year- one of the most important things you can do
David P. Callan, PE, CEM, LEED AP, HBDP old student athlete in an Oregon school. is guard the front door. That sounds basic, but
Senior Vice President, McGuire Engineers, Inc.
Vincent J. DAmbrosio In January, a 12-year-old boy killed one many schools have multiple entry points that
Senior Vice President, Hill International, Inc.
Patrick E. Duke student with a 20-gauge shotgun and wounded literally open the door to trouble.
Senior Vice President, CBRE Healthcare two others in New Mexico. In October 2013, For new schools, you should design a single
Carolyn Ferguson, FSMPS, CPSM
President, WinMore Marketing Advisors another 12-year-old shot and killed a teacher at public entry that essentially funnels visitors (even
Josh Flowers, AIA, LEED AP BD+C
General Counsel, Hnedak Bobo Group Sparks (Nev.) Middle School. parents) into a secure holding room, where they
Emily Grandstaff-Rice, AIA, LEED AP BD+C On December 13, 2013, almost exactly a year can be checked before being allowed further
Associate, Cambridge Seven Associates
Arlen Solochek, FAIA to the day of the Sandy Hook event, an 18-year- access to the building. Creating such a space in
Associate Vice Chancellor, Maricopa County CCD old carrying a shotgun and Molotov cocktails an existing school can be difcult, but it should
Philip Tobey, FAIA, FACHA
Senior Vice President, SmithGroupJJR killed a female student at Arapahoe (Colo.) High not be dismissed out of hand. If there was one
Peter Weingarten, AIA, LEED AP School before turning the gun on himself. recommendation that our experts agreed on, it
Director of the Architectural Practice, Gensler
GROUP DIRECTOR - PRINCIPAL These are the school shootings that make was to have a single point of entry to the school.
Tony Mancini national headlines. Many nonfatal but frighten- Another point that kept coming up was the
610.688.5553; tmancini@sgcmail.com
EVENTS MANAGER ing incidents barely make the local news. No back door problem. The classic case is the
Judy Brociek
847.954.7943; jbrociek@sgcmail.com individual school or school district is immune: teacher who shoves a stick in the door nearest
DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT It could never happen here no longer applies. the parking lot so he can get to and from his car
Doug Riemer
For list rental information, contact Geffrey Gardner at
What, if anything, can architects, engineers, and without having to go to the front entrance. All
845.201.5331; geffrey.gardner@reachmarketing.com contractors do to stop the shootings? doors need to be alarmed so that they cant be
MANAGER OF EDITORIAL & CREATIVE SERVICES
Lois Hince We tried to answer that question in our Janu- easily accessed by an intruder. Thats one place
MARKETING DIRECTOR ary Special Report, Can design prevent another to spend money, the experts told us.
Michael Porcaro
SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES
Sandy Hook? (www.BDCnetwork.com/Sandy- As for technology, it, too, requires careful
Circulation Department Hook). Our answer: Design alone cant stop the planning, since it can be expensivealthough
Building Design+Construction
3030 W. Salt Creek Lane, Suite 201 shootings. But good school security planning even the most advanced PTZ (point, tilt, zoom)
Arlington Heights, IL 60005-5025
and design, coupled with the right technology cameras are becoming fairly affordable. For new
CORPORATE
Chairman Emeritus (1922-2003) andvery importanttraining, preparation, and schools or retrots, you should look into so-
H.S. Gillette
Chairperson
rehearsal, can save lives. called IP-based systems, which are the new
K.A. Gillette K-12 school design and construction is the standard in this area.
President/CEO
E.S. Gillette third-largest business sector for BD+C readers, Just dont assume that throwing money at
Senior Vice Presidents after healthcare and higher education. So, lets technology will solve your school security prob-
Ann ONeill, Rick Schwer
Senior Vice President/CFO take this opportunity to review some of the key lem. Careful planning and design come rst.
David Shreiner ndings from our Special Report, in the hope
Vice President of Content & Custom Media
Diane Vojcanin that you will be able to implement them in future Robert Cassidy, Editorial Director
Vice President of Events school projects. rcassidy@sgcmail.com
Harry Urban
For advertising contacts, see page 72.
A
more fragmented architectural industry is recovering mod-
estly from the recent economic recession.
Prots and hiring are up. Firms are diversifying their ac-
tivities and services. BIM is approaching a tipping point in terms of
its growing importance for billable projects. And domestic projects
continue to be most rms bread and butter.
These are some of the ndings in The Business of Architec-
ture, AIAs Firm Survey Report for 2014. The results of the survey,
conducted for the Institute by Readex Research, are compiled from
responses to an emailed questionnaire by 2,038 rms.
The survey recounts the impact of a devastating recession, when
architectural rms gross billings for the years 2008 to 2011 plum-
meted by 40%. Construction spending, at $900 billion in 2013, still
lags the $1.17 trillion in spending in 2006. But since 2011, rms
gross billings grew by 20% to $31.1 billion last year, and net billings
were up as well, to $23.4 billion.
SOURCE: AIA
Developers and governments continue to account for the lions
share of rms billings, with two-thirds of all billings in 2013 coming
from repeat clients, most of which selected the rms through a
noncompete process.
Even with most of the institutional sector remaining in recession in 2013,
In 2013 there were 18,000 AIA member-owned rms, about the this building category generated half of the billings at architecture rms.
same as in 2005. But the bigger rms dont seem as dominant as This share is down from 58% in 2011 and just under 54% in 2008.
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they once might have been. Larger rms downsized and there have HARVARD GSD LAUNCHES A
been more startups. (One-third of respondents said they founded
their companies after 2009.) More than three-fths of respondents
DESIGN-CENTRIC CENTER FOR
identify themselves as small businesses; as of 2013, 63% had fewer GREEN BUILDINGS AND CITIES
than ve employees. Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Design has launched the
While their numbers remain small, the percentage of women and Center for Green Buildings and Cities, a research center that will
minority owners of architectural rms increased during the recession. focus on advancing the energy efciency of buildings through bet-
Part-time and contract employees may be showing up more frequently ter design.
on companies payrolls. But it also appears that architectural rms are A rapidly urbanizing global economy has led to energy con-
bolstering their core workforces again. From January 1, 2013, to January sumption patterns that need to be changed to avoid dramatic
1, 2014, one-third of the rms responding to the survey said they had environmental consequences, says the design schools dean,
added full-time employees (compared to 16% in the previous year). Mohsen Mostafavi. Improving the energy efciency of buildings is
Another bellwether of improving market conditions is protability: absolutely critical.
rms prot in 2013 stood at 10.7% of billings, versus 9.8% in 2011. Ali Malkawi, a GSD professor who specializes in architectural
Companies with commercial/industrial capabilities enjoyed even more technology and computation, is directing the center, whose
robust prot gains. design-centric strategy will link research outcomes to the devel-
During the recession, perhaps for survival, more rms diversied their opment of new processes, systems, and products. To stimulate
offerings to become one-stop shops. Four in 10 respondents now identify ideas and set its agenda, the Center was scheduled to hold a
their services and activities as multidisciplinary, with some of the addi- Challenge Conference on November 7. Presenters were to include
tions to their menus including graphic design and expert-witness services. James Carpenter, Founder of James Carpenter Design Associ-
For more: www.BDCnetwork.com/AIArmsurvey ates; Gordon Gill, Founding Co-partner of Adrian Smith + Gordon
Gill Architecture; Phil Harrison, President/CEO of Perkins+Will;
Alejandro Murat, CEO of Infonavit, which provides nancing for af-
fordable housing in Mexico; and Joshua Prince-Ramus, a Principal
of Rex-NYC.
The Center is backed by Evergrande Group, the giant China-
based property developer that recently announced it would invest
nearly $15 billion to build 9.2 gigawatts of photovoltaic projects in
that country, according to the National Business Daily. The terms
of Evergrandes support of the Center were not disclosed.
For more: www.BDCnetwork.com/HarvardCenter
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news
flashing Even with a sizable margin of error it is clear that there are far fewer
women in practice than in school, said Lian Chikako Chang, ACSAs
Director of Research and Information, who authored the report.
cutting The reasons why this leaky pipeline persists are not so clear.
The problem may start in academia, where only around one-fourth of
this guys lecturers, directors, heads, and chairs of U.S. architectural schools are
female. Only 19% of architecture school deans are female.
productivity It could also be argued that women are leaving the profession at
higher rates than men because they are discouraged by the lack of
recognition their work receives. Only about 5% of all TOPAZ Medallion
in half? recipients have been women; ditto for Pritzker Prize winners. Since
1907, only one of the 70 AIA Gold Medals has been awarded to a
womanto Julia Morgan, FAIA, in 2014, 57 years after her death.
With the share of awards going to women increasing by about 5%
each decade, if we continue at this pace well be waiting until 2080 to
see a 50-50 split, Chang notes.
Chang stated that a more systematic approach to professional de-
velopment will be required in order for women to achieve as architects
at rates more equal to those of men.
The data reviewed here suggest that we should focus particularly
on two areas: rst, what happens before applying to and enrolling in
architecture school; and second, what happens at higher levels in the
profession, academia, and related practices, she wrote.
TotalFlash For more: www.BDCnetwork.com/WomenInArchitecture
ashing
panels
HOW TO KEEP PUBLIC LIBRARIES
RELEVANT IN A DIGITAL AGE
Public libraries will avoid being relegated to the scrap heap of history
in a digital age as long as they continue to serve as platforms for
learning, creativity, and innovation that strengthen their communities.
Thats the conclusion of a new report, Rising to the Challenge:
Re-envisioning Public Libraries, which the Aspen Institute has pro-
duced in partnership with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
There are nearly 9,000 public library systems and 17,000 branch-
es and outlets across the U.S. Nearly seven in 10 Americans say
they have at least medium levels of engagement with their public
libraries. Nearly a quarter of U.S. adults use their local libraries for
TotalFlash, the industrys only complete flashing Internet access. The public library is a key partner in sustaining the
educational, economic and civic health of the community during a
system for masonry cavity walls.
time of dramatic change, [and] there is already a signicant physical
presence and infrastructure to leverage for long-term success, the
report states. The library is a core civil society institution, democ-
racys maker space, says the report.
But as public libraries shift from being repositories of materials to
becoming platforms for learning and participation, their ability to pro-
vide access to vast amounts of content in all formats will be crucial.
Libraries will have to be capable of procuring and sharing e-books
and other digital content on the same basis as physical versions, and
having affordable, universal broadband technologies that deliver and
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Connect with
freedom of design.
A system that Connect
tests with
itself so you eServices.
can go
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news
ASPEN INSTITUTION
fore, a library platform needs to be adaptable
to the needs of the individual patron.
The library as platform radically reshapes
[its] daily activities, shifting away from the old
model of organizing and lending the worlds
knowledge toward a new vision of the library
as a central hub for learning and community
A Pew Research Center survey on library usage found that a large proportion of Americans, connections, the report concludes.
even those who seldom visit a library, consider libraries important institutions in their geographic The report recommends four strategic
communities and believe that their communities would suffer a loss if the library closed. opportunities for action to guide libraries
transformation: 1) aligning their services to
help create content. While a library is both a physical and support community goals, 2) providing ac-
A 21st-century library will remain relevant virtual place, the report believes its physical cess to content in all formats, 3) ensuring
only if it is built on three key assets: people, presence anchors it most rmly in the com- the long-term sustainability of public libraries
place, and platform. The report states that munity. But the library as a learning center is through greater attention to potential nancial
libraries are shifting from building collections also becoming more of a destination, a way resources, and 4) cultivating leadership.
to building human capital, relationships, and station on the learning journey. In that capac- For more: www.BDCnetwork.com/
knowledge networks in the community. ity the library in a digital age should also be a LibraryReport
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M
ore than 750 Greenbuild attendees
visited the Environment Education
Classroom, a modular building
constructed by BD+C and its partners, on
October 22 and 23 in New Orleans. Design
of the 570-sf facility was completed by
local rm Eskew+Dumez+Ripple, the 2014
AIA National Firm, under the direction of
Amanda Rivera, AIA, LEED AP BD+C. The
facility was constructed by design-builder
Broadmoor LLC, Metairie, La., under the
supervision of Ryan Mouledas.
Platinum Sponsors for the project (including
product donations): Access Lighting, Accoya,
ASSA ABLOY, Bayer MaterialScience, Carlisle
Syntec Systems, CENTRIA, LG, MechoSys-
tems, and the Modular Building Institute.
Additional donations of products and
services came from: Calmar, Craft Croswell,
Cosentino, Davies Shoring, Dufrene Building
Materials, F.L. Crane, HTE Electrical, Harmon
Engineering, Johnsonite, Juneau-Odenwald,
Kohler, Manufab, MCC, Metro Disposal,
ModSpace, New Orleans Iron Works, Roxul, The Environment Education Classroom, de-
Runo, South Coast Solar, Southern Walls signed by Eskew+Dumez+Ripple and built by
Broadmoor LLC. The 570-sf modular unit was
and Windows, Stewart Interiors, Tandus/Cen- displayed at Greenbuild in October and will be
tiva, and TLC Engineering. permanently installed in the Lower Ninth Ward.
At Greenbuilds closing, the facility was
towed to a temporary holding station in New to raise the $20,000 needed to permanently
Orleans. The structure has been donated to install the structuresite preparation, founda-
the Center for Sustainable Engagement and tion work, utility hookups, etc. The completed
Development/Sustain the Nine, a community facility will be used as a community center
group that has been working in the Lower to educate K-12 students and Ninth Ward
Ninth Ward since 2005, when Hurricane residents on matters related to water quality,
Katrina ravaged New Orleans. stormwater management, rainwater harvest-
BD+C is helping the nonprot organization ing, resiliency, and climate issues.
6 8
INTERCEPT ENTYRE
MODULAR METAL PANEL SYSTEM
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SIX TRENDS STEERING TODAYS
college residence
U
ntil recently, the most important thing college students
wanted in on-campus housing was privacyprivate
bedrooms, private baths, private this, private that. In the
race to attract students, colleges and universities did
their best to create living spaces that tried to fulll that wish.
The resulting boom in suite-style housingwith private bed-
rooms, common living rooms, and bathrooms shared by two, three,
or four suitematesdelivered as much privacy as most colleges
could afford to provide. But the emphasis on privacy carried with it
the potential to foster isolation among students, particularly if the
residence hall had limited common areas for socializing.
Today, college facilities directors are rethinking certain assump-
tions about campus living spaces. Some are reverting to an older
university housing model: double rooms with bathrooms and com-
mon areas shared by larger groups of students. Students them-
selves are coming around on this approach, albeit slowly. Dennis
Lynch, Associate Principal at Baltimore design rm Ayers Saint
Gross, recalls one college senior he met at a design roundtable. The
student had spent his entire college career in a suite-style building
with no shared lounge space. He said, I made a mistake. I only got
to know my suitemates, said Lynch. The student regretted not hav-
ing tried a traditional unit during his college career.
This is not to imply that suite-style spaces are a thing of the past.
They are still being built. But institutions of higher learning are look-
ing for student housing designs that create greater opportunities
for students to interact with each other, thereby fostering a closer
sense of community.
Residence hall design is also being jolted by technology. Mobile
computing, ubiquitous Internet connectivity, and distance learning
including MOOCs, or massive open online coursesare having a
Students chill in a lounge at the Massachusetts College of profound effect on how, when, and where students learn. College
Art and Design. The $52 million, 493-bed residence hall in classrooms and libraries were the rst building types to feel the
downtown Boston doubled the colleges housing capacity.
LUCY CHEN
Design rm ADD Inc. conducted extensive benchmarking brunt of this technology; now, it is the residence halls turn.
studies, hosted charettes, and developed full-scale mockup How these factors will impact the college experience for current
bedroom units for students to explore and critique. and future students is not entirely clear. To gain perspective, lets
LUCY CHEN
Mass Pharma), both private institutions, to construct its Tree House residence
hall. Making the deal pencil out required some deft real estate maneuvers.
First, Wentworth transferred a parking lot to MassArt to allow the site to be
expanded. Next, Wentworth and MCPHS University con-
tributed $700,000 toward the cost of building out a stu-
dent health center that all three schools now share. Then
MCPHS agreed to sublease a substantial number of the
buildings 17 residence floors to house its students, which
helped to defray MassArts costs. The last step saw Mass-
Art secure state funding to complete the financing for the
$54 million project.
The project wouldnt have happened without the
participation of Wentworth and Mass Pharma, says Kurt
Steinberg, who was appointed Acting President of Mas-
sArt in August. The 21-story, 145,600-sf structure is located
amid pricey real estate near renowned museums and the
Longwood Medical District. Bostons construction costs are
among the nations highest.
Steinberg says the college didnt want Tree House to
LUCY CHEN
upend the pricing structure of MassArts campus hous-
ing. Our goal was to not have the new beds be more
expensive than the beds in our other two residence halls,
he says. Mass Pharma leases 260 of the 493 beds; a por-
tion of the rent--$1,000 per bedgoes toward housing The exterior design of the 21-story, LEED
scholarships for MassArt students. The 20-year lease gives Silver MassArt Tree House was sug-
gested by Gustav Klimts Tree of Life.
MassArt the option to take over the space now occupied
The 145,600-sf structure has a ground-
by MCPHS University after 10 or 15 years. Should MassArt oor caf and living room (designed with
exercise that option, its on-campus housing would be able student participation), a health center, and
to accommodate about 44% of its students, mostly fresh- a Pajama Floor with a kitchen, game
men and sophomores, doubling its total housing capacity. room, laundry, and tness center. Housing
is provided in 136 four- and ve-bed suites
Designed by ADD, Inc., the Tree House was inspired by on 17 oors, congured in one-, two-, and
Gustav Klimts Tree of Life. The 280-foot-tall structure
CHUCK CHOI
three-bedroom layouts. Each residential
stands as proof that three institutions can combine forces to oor has a common space or workroom,
build a facility that fulfills the needs of all parties. as well as art walls that students can
draw, paint, doodle, or write on.
Peter Fabris
cial areas into tight budgets is to downsize Littles design for the renovation of a storage space of 72 sf (single) and 109 sf
student bedrooms. Rooms are getting College of Wooster (Ohio) residence facility (double). Little took advantage of the old
smaller so shared spaces can get bigger, made use of high ceilings to make small schoolhouses 12-foot-high ceilings to over-
says ADDs Boley. bedrooms seem less cramped. This adap- come the claustrophobia that might come
How small? Lisa Ferreira, AIA, LEED AP, tive reuse project of a historic 34,000-sf with eight- or nine-foot ceilings. The extra
Associate Principal at Boston design rm former elementary school buildingGault volume allowed the beds to be elevated
Goody Clancy, says 180 sf for a double is Schoolhouse, most recently used by the to provide ample closet and storage room
the low end of comfortable. More typical college for ofcescreated suite-style below the beds.
is 200-240 sf for doubles; about 125 sf for living for 74 seniors. Each suite has single A crows nest platform at the foot of each
singles, she says. or double podssleeping quarters and bed provides additional storage space; it
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university facilities
BUILDING TYPE REPORT
COURTESY LITTLE
in daylighting from extensive exterior glaz- can be used for
ing into hallways and creating nooks and cooking workshops
crannies for students to use as impromptu or special events,
study areas, or just to chill. Small cell phone such as a demonstra-
rooms are popping up along hallways, tion by a local chef. A student bedroom at the College of Wooster (Ohio) capitalizes on
where students can get some privacy to At Massachusetts 12-foot-high ceilings to optimize overhead storage space, extra sleeping
area, and daylighting. The conversion of the 34,000-sf former elementary
make calls of a sensitive nature. These College of Art and school/ofce space was designed by lead architect Little, with BSHM/
modern-day versions of Ma Bell phone Design in Boston, the Balog Steines Hendricks & Manchester Architects (AOR) and Karpinski
booths typically have transparent doors and Tree House residence Engineering (MEP). Bogner Construction Co. was the GC.
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permission from TWL.
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university facilities
BUILDING TYPE REPORT
school to dictate what to use. Their com- residence facility, continues to grow in inu- rooms in each residential college. Existing
puter lab is on their smartphones. ence, even at institutions that dont formally structures will have to be able to accommo-
The exception that proves the rule: adopt it. Classrooms and multi-purpose date such conditions at a reasonable cost
Texas A&M Universitys new Hullabaloo rooms with movable furniture and partitions for this to work.
Hall, which melds housing with an exten- that can be arranged like classrooms and
sive Community Learning Center. Its like lecture halls are desirable features in some 6. UNIVERSITIES ARE LOOKING FOR
a library without books, says Chareny residence halls. THE NEXT GENERATION OF ON-
Rydl, the Aggies Director of Residential At Tulane University, a recent convert to CAMPUS LIVINGAND OVER THEIR
Life. The rst-oor facility employs an open the residential college format, the Green- SHOULDERS AT THE COMPETITION.
ofce design concept. Students dont baum building includes an apartment for a With campus housing design in ux, some
want the old structure of computer labs faculty-member-in-residence and an ofce schools are already thinking ahead a few
with cubicles that make you feel boxed in, for a full-time community director responsi- decades about possible major renovations
says Rydl. ble for programming activities and oversee- of recently completed residence facilities.
The Community Learning Center also ing quality of life for the residential college Its difcult to predict what the residence
provides learning opportunities for students and its nearby residence. Greenbaums hall of 30 years from now should look like,
living in other residences. says Rydl. The common areas are the setting for most of Rydl says, so the wisest course of action is
space has individual and group study areas the residential colleges events. to leave future housing directors with build-
and is equipped with high-end comput- Vanderbilt University is also transitioning ings that can be extensively revamped.
ers with access to special engineering to a residential college format, with more Many have common areas with large,
programs and other expensive software new housing planned to support the effort. open spaces that could easily be repur-
that most students cant afford. We track The timetable is dependent on fundrais- posed to meet tomorrows needs. Texas
who uses the space, she says. We were ing, says Bob Grummon, CSI, LEED AP, A&Ms Hullabaloo Hall was structured in
surprised to see people from other parts of Project Manager at Vanderbilt. Renovations such a way that gut renovations could
the campus using it. are planned, although some older struc- be done cost effectively as needed in the
tures may not be suitable to the residential future.
5. UNIVERSITIES ARE BLENDING college format. Some institutions already nd themselves
ACADEMICS WITH LIVING SPACE The key question is how to get more competing against newer off-campus op-
VIA THE RESIDENTIAL COLLEGE. community space, says Grummon. The tions with high-prole amenities. In Raleigh,
The concept of the residential college, where university wants to mix in suite-style hous- N.C., home of North Carolina State Univer-
guided learning occurs largely within the ing with more traditional single and double sity, Stanhope Student ApartmentsThe
The Standard of
Comparison since 1885 Double Monarch - 3-5/8 x 7-5/8 x 15-5/8 More Colors, Sizes,
An ISO 9001:2008 Registered Quality Management System Shapes & Textures
An ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System
The Belden Brick Company is proud to give
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university facilities
BUILDING TYPE REPORT
Ultimate in Student Living, according to its and services ... meaning youll live upstairs The huge inventory of 1960s and 1970s
websiteis accepting applications for sum- from everything you need. The pitch contin- campus housing stock in need of reno-
mer 2015 occupancy. Amenities include ues: So say hello, get familiar, call dibs on a vation or replacement should provide
an oasis saltwater pool with splash deck, spot by the pool ... youll be spending a lot of Building Teams with plenty of work in the
outdoor courtyards with televisions, re time here. foreseeable future, provided the competition
pits, grills, art studio, two-story game room, Competitive factors along with changing for studentsand the accompanying boom
tness center, and two tanning rooms. styles of learning will continue to pressure in university construction projectscontinues
Stanhopes website makes no bones about universities to upgrade housing. Double- at the pace weve seen in the last decade.
being right next to the N.C. State campus loaded rooms off darkened hallways are Housing can be a differentiator to attract
and right above brand new retail, restaurants certainly not the answer. students, says Ayers Saint Grosss Lynch. +
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building information modeling
VIRTUAL DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION
COURTESY THORNTON TOMASETTI
A
s AEC rms dive deeper into BIM/VDC modeling and
out interoperability solutions to assist with simulation workows, the number of software tools put into
play on a given project keeps growing exponentially. Firms
the data transfer between design tools. recognize the value of implementing a mix of digital model-
ing tools, but the language barrier that exists between the different
software platforms leads to tremendous waste and inefciencies dur-
ing the design and construction cycles.
Without the free and rapid exchange of data from the earliest
stages of design through construction, Building Teams are forced to
perform double work, such as manually inputting data and rebuilding
Thornton Tomasettis computational modeling and R&D incubator, CORE early conceptual design models in a BIM platform. They also miss out
Studio, has developed numerous digital tools since its founding in 2011. Pic- on the potential of iterative design, where, for example, the results
tured are four CORE Studio team members (l. to r.): Elcin Ertugrul, Integration
Engineer; Anne Waelkens, Computational Designer; Nicholas Mundell, Senior from daylight and energy modeling simulations can be fed back to the
Integration Engineer; and Jonatan Schumacher, Director of CORE Studio. design team so it can make more-informed design decisions.
1 2 3
4 5 6
What is inadequate interoperability cost- and desire among AEC rms to develop tested a range of tools to translate project
ing Building Teams? The most recent re- this skill set in-house, or have access to data from one platform to another, including
searcha NIST study published a decade consulting rms like CASE. IFC models and a suite of custom transla-
ago (http://tinyurl.com/NISTsoftwareRe- BD+C proles two recent computational tors developed in house. But none of the
port)put the cost burden to the construc- scripting projects that are making waves solutions provided the ability to update and
tion industry at $15.8 billion annually. across the broader industry: Thornton sync project models across multiple soft-
When you look at the cost burden from Tomasettis TTX platform and CASEs ware platforms in real time, nor did they al-
a project budget perspective, interoper- Rhynamo application. low past versions of a model to be retrieved
ability accounts for 2-3% of the total for analysis. These translators essentially
construction budget, says Nathan Miller, THORNTON TOMASETTIS performed whole hog imports that would
Associate Partner with BIM consulting rm TTX PLATFORM LINKS SIX completely overwrite the previous version,
CASE. Just making a dent in that small DESIGN PLATFORMS according to Benjamin Howes, Architect
percentage can yield a ton of benets When structural engineering giant Thornton and Computational Designer with Thornton
downstream. Tomasetti launched its in-house computa- Tomasetti. For example, if a draftsperson
Firms are itching for interoperability solu- tional modeling and R&D incubator, CORE had been tagging and adding annotations
tions to establish data pipelines between Studio, in 2011, one of its rst objectives to a Revit model and the model needed
software platforms and streamline workows. was to solve the BIM/VDC software lan- to be updated via a translation, all of the
This demand has led to growth in the emerg- guage gap. At a minimum, the rms staff tagging and element-specic annotations
ing eld of computational scripting, where uses six primary design and modeling tools, would need to be redone.
rms develop (or commission third-party con- none of which speak the same language. The rms solution was to make its de-
sultants like CASE to create) custom hacks Incompatibility was costing Thornton Toma- sign workow software-agnostic by moving
that link digital tools and automate, acceler- setti thousands of staff hours annually by all critical project data into a custom data-
ate, or eliminate wasteful processes. requiring its engineering teams to manually base called TTX. More than two years in the
There are huge advantages to leverag- transfer project data from one design tool making, the TTX platform provides real-time
ing computational scripting and the broader to another. It also impeded the exchange read, write, and sync capabilities across
concept of being able to customize your of data between team members during the six software tools: ETABS, Grasshopper for
applications, says Miller. As a core capa- design and construction cycles. Rhino, RAM Structural System, Revit, SAP
bility, youre going to see a greater need In the past, the rm had employed and 2000, and Tekla.
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arcat.com
Circle 775
building information modeling
VIRTUAL DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION
Using any one of these applications, series of changes, in real time. Its going to about any geometric piece and different
Thornton Tomasettis engineers can check be a huge time-saver. parts of data that are embedded inside a
out the latest data on their project from CORE Studio is also working on a Web- Rhino le, says Miller. That may involve
TTX, work on the design and documen- based dashboard for TTX that will allow translating geometry or using Rhynamo
tation, and then check in the updated clients and team members to view models to coordinate parameters that might have
version. remotely using any browser or device. Its been developed inside the Rhino environ-
We may have 20 people working on essentially a lightweight version of a BIM mentor simply providing an overall assist
any given project, says Jonatan Schum- model viewer, where users can spin around with that pipeline.
acher, Director of CORE Studio. Its very in the model, zoom in and out, and hover Besides speed gains (which are difcult to
difcult to coordinate between all team over elements to reveal the design attri- measure, says Miller, since any time gained
members. TTX serves as the coordination butes, says Schumacher. will likely be allotted for additional design
piece. Someone whos been working on For more on TTX, visit www. work), Rhynamo offers Building Teams
one platform can essentially update the ThorntonTomasetti.com/blog/post/43- the opportunity for rapid iteration to occur
database, and then the next morning ev- Announcing-TTX. throughout the design cycle.
eryone can checkout the latest data from Instead of having to stop design at a
the database and work in their respective RHYNAMO CREATES DATA BRIDGE certain point because the project dead-
modeling platform. BETWEEN REVIT AND RHINO line is looming, this seamless connection
Since the beta release of TTX in July 2013, What started out as a nights and weekends between design and production software
more than 100 of the rms projects have coding project for CASEs Miller has turned allows design teams to move decisions fur-
been moved to the database, and nearly into one of the BIM consulting rms more ther downstream and adapt to the chang-
12,000 data check-outs/check-ins have exciting endeavors. Aptly named Rhynamo, ing conditions of a project much quicker,
been executed. The rm currently has 95 the custom application serves as a bridge, says Miller.
regular TTX users. It also employs two full- linking two heavily used 3D modeling plat- Design never stops, he says. When
time staff members to maintain the database, formsRhino/Grasshopper for conceptual construction documents hit there are al-
track updates to the major software plat- modeling and Autodesk Revit for BIM mod- ways going to be decisions that need to be
elingutilizing the open- made and studies to be done. Rhynamo is
source Dynamo graphical attempting to make the process as dened
programming interface and efcient as possible.
When you look at the cost burden as the go-between. In less than three months since CASE
from a project budget perspective, Rhynamo offers AEC launched a private beta test of Rhynamo,
interoperability accounts for 2-3% of the rms the ability to by- more than 300 BIM power users have
pass the excruciatingly downloaded the code for review. In the
total construction budget. Just making time-consuming process coming months, the rm plans to release
a dent in that small percentage can of rebuilding from the program as a free, open-source prod-
scratch early concep- uct, which will allow other rms to custom-
yield a ton of benets downstream. tual Rhino models in the ize the code for their operations.
Nathan Miller, CASE Revit platform. HDR and RTKL, two of CASEs regular
With a few keystrokes, clients, are among the early adopters of
vital project data embed- Rhynamo. Others include a major retailer
forms, and create custom tools for TTX. ded in a Rhino model, such as geometries, that used the tool to migrate its library of
One tool were developing will allow coordinates, design parameters, and 2D drawings to Revit in order to automate
us to easily compare two versions of the massing, cam be automatically imported the creation of 3D BIM elements.
same database side by side, says Robert into Dynamo, which can then be used to We were able to translate from 2D draw-
K. Otani, PE, LEED AP, Principal with build all sorts of systems on top of the BIM ing to a coarse 3D Revit model in seconds,
Thornton Tomasetti. The rst thing that framework that Revit offers, according to says Miller. Interoperability technologies al-
any client wants to know is: What changes Miller. low us to leverage data in new ways across
were made from the last issuance to this What Rhynamo does is provide a series many platforms.
issuance? This tool will allow our teams of visual scripting nodes for Dynamo that For more on Rhynamo, visit: http://con-
to search for and highlight any change or allow a user to bring into Dynamo just tent.case-inc.com/rhynamo. +
B
uilding enclosure com-
missioningBECxis FOLLOW THESE STEPS
intended to assure for successful
building quality by establish- building enclosure
ing an explicit process to verify commissioning.
that a building enclosure is 1. Make building enclosure commissioning
designed and constructed to a process.
meet the owners objectives.
2. Retain an independent third party as BECx
The concept of building enclo- authority.
sure commissioning has been
3. Define the owners project requirements (OPR).
around for several decades,
but it has not been well de- 4. Align the building envelope commissioning
COURTESY SIMPSON GUMPERTZ & HEGER INC.
ned, understood, or utilized. scope with the OPR and the projects complexity.
With the advent of new building 5. Produce a written BECx plan.
performance standards such 6. Plan design reviews for optimum impact.
as LEED, the Green Building
7. Establish enclosure system performance
Initiatives Green Globes, and
metrics during the design phase.
the Living Building Challenge,
building enclosure commis- 8. Monitor construction early and regularly.
sioning is gaining popularity.
In fact, the new version of LEED, LEED v4, includes a prerequisite for a
fundamental level of building enclosure commissioning.
The design and construction industry needs to understand the intent
Water inltration testing of an installed window prior to installation and scope of building enclosure commissioning so that BECx can be
of adjacent cladding. Testing building enclosure systems on an implemented effectively to assure building quality and performance,
ongoing basis is an important component of the BECx process.
manage risk, and reduce costly changes and delays.
The governing standard for the commissioning process within the
building construction industry is ASHRAE Guideline 0-2013, The Com-
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
missioning Process. According to this standard, commissioning is a
After reading this article, you should be able to: quality-focused process for enhancing the delivery of a project. The
+ DEFINE the concept of building enclosure process focuses upon verifying and documenting that the facility and all
commissioning (BECx) and its impact on meeting the of its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested,
owners project requirements (OPR). operated, and maintained to meet the Owners Project Requirements.
+ DISCUSS the key areas of concern that the owners ASTM E2813-12, Standard Practice for Building Enclosure Commis-
project requirements (OPR) should establish. sioning, was developed more recently to focus specically on building
+ LIST at least three important duties of the building enclosure commissioning. This standard practice denes building enclo-
enclosure commissioning authority (BECxA). sure commissioning as a process that begins with the establishment
+ DESCRIBE the value to the project of using off-structure of the Owners Project Requirements [OPR] and endeavors to ensure
and on-structure mockups of building envelope that the exterior enclosure and those elements intended to provide en-
components in advance of construction. vironmental separation within a building or structure meet or exceed the
expectations of the Owner as identied in the OPR. ASTM E2813 roofs, etc.must be carefully integrated in order to obtain optimal
also outlines different levels of building enclosure-commissioning performance of the whole building envelope. If these detailing condi-
scope (fundamental and enhanced commissioning), which are dis- tions are not properly designed and installed at the outset, they can
cussed in more detail below. be difcult to access and repair at some future date.
Another helpful industry guide is the National Institute of Build- To reduce the risk of encountering such obstacles in the future, it
ing Sciences Guideline 3-2012, Building Enclosure Commissioning is important to apply building enclosure commissioning through all
Process BECx. the design and construction phases of a project. Starting commis-
These denitions may seem relatively straightforward, but that can sioning tasks late in the design or during construction limits your
be deceiving. For Building Teams that are unfamiliar with building ability to make needed changes easily and cost-effectively.
enclosure commissioning, it can be a confusing and at times over-
whelming process. Building Teams may nd its many tasks vague, 2 RETAIN AN INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTY AS
not readily understood, and sometimes difcult to implement. More- BECX AUTHORITY.
over, since commissioning has traditionally addressed the buildings Industry guidelines dene a building enclosure commissioning au-
mechanical systems, many requirements in the BECx process tend thority (BECxA) as an independent third party retained by the owner.
to be more suitable for documenting and verifying standard mechan- It is not uncommon for a Building Team to bring in a consultant to
ical equipment and systems, rather than documenting and verifying offer technical advice on the building enclosure, but that does not
project-specic enclosure designs. make such a consultant a building enclosure commissioning author-
The following eight strategies will help Building Teams sort through ity. The consultant is working for the Building Team, not the owner,
the various building enclosure commissioning guidelines and use as would be the case for a BECxA.
BECx in a logical and cost-effective way. A building enclosure commissioning authority provides the owner
with broad, independent advice to help the owner understand complex
1 MAKE BUILDING ENCLOSURE enclosure issues and thereby manage risk more effectively. The owner
COMMISSIONING A PROCESS. can decide which problems or concerns to seek the BECxAs advice
The industry denitions of building enclosure commissioning all put on, with the understanding that any such advice would be provided
forth the notion that commissioning is a process. This is important. solely with the owners interests and project requirements in mind.
Building enclosure commissioning cannot be effective if it is imple- LEED v4 allows a qualied member of the design or construction
mented as a series of isolated activities or evaluations; it must be team who is not directly responsible for the design of the building
an ongoing and continuous review to verify that the owners project enclosure to perform the function of the BECxA. In our opinion, this
requirements are being accounted for throughout the entire design model is inconsistent with the intent of the building enclosure com-
and construction cycle. missioning process and detracts from the objectivity and value the
To be truly effective, building enclosure commissioning should owner should receive from having an independent third-party review.
begin in the predesign phase and continue through the design, pre- If the goal of the BECx process is to assure the anticipated quality of
construction, and construction phases of the project. ASTM E2813 the building enclosure, it must be collaborative and inclusive, but the
requires that BECx activities commence during design development BECxA should be independent of the entire Building Team.
(DD) for fundamental commissioning and during schematic design Meaningful involvement requires that the building enclosure com-
(SD) for enhanced commissioning. missioning authority staff be qualied and experienced. The owner
Since commissioning guidelines originate with ASHRAE, they tend must vet the prospective building enclosure commissioning author-
to approach commissioning of other building systems much as they ity candidates to determine that they are sufciently competent
would those for mechanical and HVAC systems commissioning. and experienced in the design and construction of similar building
However, there is a signicant difference between how mechani- enclosures. As outlined in ASTM E2813, the BECxA must have basic
cal systems are constructed and tested as compared to building core competencies, including knowledge of:
enclosures. Even though mechanical systems can be very complex, Exterior faade design
the key pieces of equipmentfurnaces, air-handling units, chillers, Building and material science
etc.can usually be accessed, tested, and adjusted as needed to Procurement and project delivery
function properly after installation. Contract documents and construction administration
Conversely, many of the materials and systems that perform the Performance test standards and methodology
most critical functions of the building enclosure, such as water- Previous experience with similar enclosure systems will enable the
proong, air- and vapor-control membranes, and insulation, are building enclosure commissioning authority to provide advice and
concealed behind cladding and nish materials. Once the nishes guidance to the entire Building Team, thereby helping to improve the
are installed, it is difcult and costly to access these materials and quality and performance of the building enclosure.
systems to make repairs. Moreover, these components of the build- The depth of involvement of the building enclosure commission-
ing enclosurewall assemblies, cladding, curtain walls, windows, ing authority in each of the project phases is not as important as the
2) Perform design reviewsone design review for fundamental com- commissioning process. The written BECx plan should be revised
missioning, three design reviews for enhanced commissioning over the course of the project as requirements change, but that
3) Participate in preconstruction activities does not diminish its value in keeping the project on track and
4) Monitor ongoing construction work making sure that all Building Team members understand their roles
This more detailed and more integrated scope enables the BECx and the owners expectations for the project.
authority to provide more meaningful advice and have a more bene- In some cases, the BECx authority may prepare a specication
cial impact on the overall quality of the building enclosure. The level that documents the various commissioning tasks, performance
of building complexity and the owners tolerance for risk can be ac- metrics, and testing requirements for inclusion in the contract docu-
counted for in the project scope by adjusting the number and depth ments. Such a specication can be helpful, but may not always
of design reviews, the frequency of construction site visits, participa- be necessary, provided the performance tests are included in the en-
tion in Building Team meetings, etc. closure technical specications and the written commissioning plan
offers a clear summary of the process and expectations.
5 PRODUCE A WRITTEN BECX PLAN.
After you have dened the level and scope of building enclosure 6 PLAN DESIGN REVIEWS FOR OPTIMUM
commissioning for your project, the BECx authority should prepare IMPACT.
a written plan that 1) provides an overview of the commissioning It is important that the building enclosure commissioning author-
process, 2) denes the roles and responsibilities of the Building ity review the design teams work to verify that the basis of design
Team members, 3) outlines the planned commissioning activities, aligns with the established owners project requirements. The enclo-
and 4) documents the expectations for communication during the sure systems selected for the project must be able to meet the crite-
ria established by the owner as important. The BECxA is responsible
for reporting basis-of-design items that are inconsistent with the
owners project requirements to the owner, who can then decide to
either modify the project requirements to accept the design change,
or ask for adjustments in the basis of design.
The BECxAs reviews of the building enclosure design documents
must determine that the details and selected materials align with the
agreed-upon OPR and BOD and that the performance tests and
criteria are properly integrated into the project specications. It is
difcultand sometimes impossibleto make major changes to a
design once adjacent systems have been developed, construction
pricing is under way, and aesthetic reviews have been completed,
particularly with todays ultra-fast construction schedules.
Design reviews should be scheduled so that changes needed to
align with the OPR can be implemented early in the design process.
A review by the building enclosure commissioning authority late in
the schematic design or early in the design development phase can
help identify fundamental issues that can still be resolved before
detailing begins. A subsequent review in the early stages of the
COURTESY SIMPSON GUMPERTZ & HEGER INC.
construction work. It is up to the owner to discuss such concerns with design is misguided and the design is awed.
the authority and promptly relay required changes to the Building Team. Building enclosure commissioning must be executed as a process
During construction site visits, the BECx authority should witness from predesign through construction to be most valuable. Imple-
the performance testing required in the design documents. The menting only isolated portions of the process, such as limited per-
BECxA should verify that the proper performance tests have been formance testing or construction checklists, will be ineffective if the
performed, that the test procedures were correctly followed, and original basis for the design is not appropriate and the construction
that the test results indicate conformance with the OPR. The owner is not consistently reviewed for conformance.
may elect to have the BECx authority conduct performance testing
itself (assuming the individual has the appropriate qualications) to Emily Hopps is a Senior Project Manager specializing in building
further assure proper testing methods. enclosure design and building enclosure commissioning at engineer-
ing rm Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Waltham, Mass. Peter Babaian,
BUILDING ENCLOSURE COMMISSIONING Associate Principal, is the Building Technology Division Head of
CANT BE HALF-HEARTED SGHs Chicago ofce and leads the rms Building Enclosure Com-
The building enclosure commissioning process must be implement- missioning group.
ed thoughtfully to be a reliable and effective way of assuring quality
in the building enclosure, without becoming cumbersome and ad-
> EDITORS NOTE
PHOTO:
versarial. Building enclosure commissioning should never be thought
of as a replacement for good design and construction workmanship. This completes the reading for this course!
The commissioning process helps reassure the building owner that To earn 1.0 AIA CES HSW learning units, study the article
the design has been properly evaluated and implemented; but even carefully and take the exam posted at
properly commissioned buildings can have problems if the basis of www.BDCnetwork.com/BECx
GOT
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building systems
CLADDING + EXTERIOR INSULATION
1 2
3 4
BRIGHT-WHITE ACM CLADDING ADDS
3 futuristic style to a Tennessee museum
Clad in gleaming-white Reynobond Aluminum Composite Material, the
new Discovery Center at Discovery Park can be seen for miles along
Interstate 69 in Western Tennessee. The 100,000-sf, three-story structure
is the new centerpiece of the 50-acre museum, park, and garden in Union
City. The buildings form, developed by Boston-based Verner Johnson
Inc., features a series of rolling roof structures of varying sizes and heights,
anchored by a 120-foot tower. A total of 105,525 sf of Reynobond was
used to clad the structure: 98,000 sf of 4mm Reynobond with a polyethyl-
ene core, and 7,525 sf of Reynobond ACM with a re-resistant core. The
5
panels are a combination of brushed aluminum and ACM nished in either
Pure White Colorweld 500 or Bright Silver Metallic Colorweld 500XL coat- close to 85 lb/sf) made it the right choice in this case.
ings. The forms for the building evolved out of this notion that the building Easi-Set Industries
should have a soaring, uplifting feeling about it and project the future, CIRCLE NO. 911 ON READER SERVICE CARD
said Lou Sirianni, FAIA, Principal with Verner Johnson. We selected metal
for the cladding because it projects the right expression of the buildings
TWIN CITIES APARTMENT COMPLEX
purpose, particularly when used in white or silver.
Alcoa Architectural Products
5 OFFERS A CONTEMPORARY TAKE
CIRCLE NO. 904 ON READER SERVICE CARD on warehouse aesthetic with fiber-cement panels
The 204-unit, six-story Third North Apartments sit among converted
warehouses and modernized historic buildings in one of Minneapoliss
11
10
12
METAL PANELS CORDUROY LOOK
10 BLENDS INTO THE LOCAL SETTING tect wanted, while offering ease of installation, dimensional stability,
for a municipal complex in New Hampshire exibility, and increased energy savings. The team also turned to
In designing the Manchester (N.H.) Municipal Complex, architects at Firestone for its UltraPly TPO membrane roong solution.
Lavallee Brensinger Architects were looking for an exterior solution Firestone Building Products
that would accent the mostly brick faade and match the corduroy CIRCLE NO. 913 ON READER SERVICE CARD
appearance of other buildings on campus. The design team discov-
ered that Morins Matrix 1.0 metal wall panels, installed vertically,
provided the desired aesthetic. The look of the panel created nice
shadow lines, said Chris Drobat, AIA, LEED AP, LBAs President.
12 THIN-CLAD STONE MATERIAL USED
TO GIVE A MUCH-NEEDED FACELIFT
With other panels, we couldnt get that straight contrast. Its got to a 1980s-era strip retail center
depth. When you get close to it, you can see its a rich panel. The Like many of the 1970s- and 80s-era strip centers that dot the
MX 1.0 panel, in 22-gauge Galvalume, was installed on the 6,400 nations cities and suburbs, Pinecrest Plaza in Southern Pines, N.C.,
sf administration building and the 6,250 sf police station. Morins F- was struggling to compete with the newer forms of bricks-and-mor-
12-S panels were used as accent pieces on both buildings. tar retail. Built in the late 1980s, the property lacked character and a
Morin, a Kingspan Group Company sense of place; its painted-brick exterior was in dreadful condition.
CIRCLE NO. 901 ON READER SERVICE CARD Property owner Hawthorne Retail Partners commissioned architect
Dwell Design Studio LLC to resuscitate the strip center. The rms
rst order of business: reclad the exterior with Arriscrafts ARRIS.tile
UC DENVERS SIGNATURE BUILDING
11 gets a new high-performance envelope
Renaissance thin-clad stone material. The material was laid over a
variety of exterior typesincluding an old Walmart storecreating
The design team at Anderson Mason Dale Architects wrapped the a consistent, continuous aesthetic that is reective of the region.
$65.8 million, 132,000-sf Academic Building 1 at the University of By specifying thin Arriscraft stone materialwhich, once installed,
Colorado, Denver, structure in a combination of glass, brick, and gives the appearance of being full bed stonethere was no need
metal for a modern take on the universitys traditional brick-clad for expensive and heavily destructive demolition work, said W.
buildings. To meet budget and performance requirements for the Ryan Miller, AIA, Founder of Dwell Design Studio. We achieved the
exterior, the Building Team specied a complete building envelope consistent visual recommended from the start, and did so at great
solution from Firestone Building Products: the Enverge Cavity Wall savings to the owner.
continuous insulation system topped with Series 3200NR Plate Arriscraft
metal wall panels. The solution achieved the clean, crisp look archi- CIRCLE NO. 906 ON READER SERVICE CARD
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FIRM/ASSOCIATION INDEX thermal performance.
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877.585.9969
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