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1 1

1.
1 1
1.
2 2
1.
3 3
1.
4 4

2 12

2.
1 12

2.1.
1 12
2.1.
2 16

2.1.
3 17

2.
2 20
2.
3 24

2.
4 28

2.
5 29

33

3.
1 33
3.1.
1 33
3.1.
2 35
3.1.
3 38
3.
2 40
3.
3 47
3.
3.1 48
3.
3.2 57
3.
3.3 59
3.
4 61
3.4.
1 61
 3.
4.2 64

4 68

4.
1 68
4.1.
1 68
4.1.
2 79
4.
2 82
4.2.
1 82
4.2.
2 85
4.
2.3 87
4.
2.4 89
4.
2.5 93

4.
3 95

100

5.
1 100

5.1.
1 100

5.1.
2 108
5.1.
3 115

5.
2 120

5.2.
1 120

5.2.
2 125

5.2.
3 127

5.
3 129
5.3.
1 129
5.3.
2 134
5.
4 142
5.
4.1 142
5.
4.2 143
5.
4.3 145
5.
4.4 146
5.
4.5 151
6 155

6.
1 155
6.
2 156
6.
3 158
6.
3.1 158
6.
3.2 159
6.
3.3 162
6.
3.4 164

7 167

7.
1 167

7.1.
1 167

7.1.
2 172

7.1.
3 182
7.
2 188

7.2.
1 189

7.2.
2 193
7.
3 197

7.3.
1 197

7.
3.2 200

205

8.
1 205
8.
2 213

A 222

B 225

C 227

D () 229

2003 229
2005 231
2007 233
2009 236

E 240

2003 240
2005 244
2007 247
2009 249

255

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AB 2 1( a), 2 1(
b) ,
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d)
:, ,

2 1

MA ,
MB ,
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B
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dx,: M , N , Q
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2 1(
,
(N +dN )- N =0

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2 1)

dM +Qdx = 0
,
du
=
dx
2 2)
(
d
=
dx

2 1(
a) 2 1(
b)(),

(qdx)
B
W =(
MBB +QBB+ NBuB )- (
MAA +QAA+ NAuA )+ (
2 3)

2 3): 2 1(
a) 2 1(
b)

(
;

,,dx; d
(2 1(
d))
,,

dWi = Md
+ Ndx (
2 4)

(Md+ Ndx)

B
Wi = (
2 5)

,, W =Wi

(Md+ Ndx)
B B
(
MBB +QBB+ NBuB )- (
MAA +QAA+ NAuA )+ (
qdx )=

A A

(
2 6)

2 6),
(
(2 1)

[(dN u)+ (dQ +qdx)+ (dM +Qdx)]=0

B
(
2 7)
A

2 7):
:(
0,, dN , u
; dQ+qdx, ; dM +Qdx( dQ
dx),
2 7)
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(
udN +dQ +dM )+ (
2 8)
A A
 2 8),
(

(Ndu+Qd+ Md)
B B B
(
udN +dQ +dM )= uN +Q +M -
A A A

(udN +dQ +dM )=(M +Q + N u )-

B
B B B B B B
A

Ndu+Qd+ Md)
B
(M +Q + N u )- (
A A A A A A 2 9)
(
A

2 9)(
( 2 8)

B
(
MBB +QBB+ NBuB )-(
MAA+QAA+ NAuA )+ qdx =
A

(Ndu+Qd+ Md)
B B
- Qdx +
A A

(Ndx+ Md)

B B
MBB +QBB+ NBuB )- (
( MAA +QAA+ NAuA )+ qdx =

A A

(
2 10)

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0;

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2 10)

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B B
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,( 2 10) QBB 0( 2 2),
,,
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B
QBB = 2 12)
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A

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1 B
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= B = 2 13)
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, QB B ,
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2.
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2 3

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,,
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B
W =W 21 ; Wi21 =
A

Md
B
W = W 21 = Wi21 = (
2 14)
A

, W =W 12 =1C ;
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W * = W 12 =1C = Wi12 (
2 15)
(), W =W * ,W 21 =W 12 ,

Md
B
1C = (
2 16a)
A

2 16a),
( 1;
C C ;
M
2 16)

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B
2 16b)
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1C =
A

2 16b),
(
-


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B
1C = (
2 17)

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2 17),
M

B B
M B
M dx = M
B
d (
2 18)
-
1C = Md= M dx = M

A A EI A EI A

2 18),

2.
1.3
1.
:
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,
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2 4

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,,); P2 2 1
22 12 ,

W 21 = P112 (
2 19)

,

W 12 = P221 2 20)
(

2 10)),
((

M
B B
M2
W 21 = P112 = M1d
2 = 1 dx (
M1 P1 ,
M2 P2 )
EI

A A

(2 21)

M
B B
M1 (
W 12 = P221 = M2d
1 = dx 2 22)

2
A A EI

,
W 21 = W 12 , P112 = P221 (
2 23)

,,
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,

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2 23),, P1 ,
( P2 ,
12 = 21 (
2 24)

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()(
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2 5

B , B

M(x) B
ML2
x
(
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dx = 2 25)
EI 2EI

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B ,B ,


Px B
PL2 (
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P=M =1(), B =B ,

3.
P112 =P221 , 2 =12 =1 =21 =1,

(2 27)

P1 = P2
2 6 : B , A

P1 =12 ; : A 1 , B
P2 =21 ( , ),
2 6 ,,
,,

4.
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R21 C2 , P1 12 , 0,
P112 +C2R21 =0 (
2 28)
, P1 =C2 =1(),
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2 29)
(2 29): ( ),
,

2 6 2 7


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M2(
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2
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A ,,
A , A
, ;

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x)dx y2 (
x)
)
W 12 =q(
x)dx y2(
x) (
2 31)

[q(x)dxy (x)]
a a
(
2 32)

W 12 = W 12 = 2
0 0

2 33)
(
W 21 =11

,

y2(
x)=2(
x) 2 34)
(

M2(
x)
2(
x)=2(
x)= (
2 35)

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EI

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x)=M
1(x),,

a a x
11 = [
M1(
x)dx y2(
x)]= [
M1(
x)dx 2(
x)dx] (
2 36)

0 0 0

y2(
a)=0( 0),
M1(
0)=0( 0),
2(
a)=0,
M1(
0)=0,

[M(x)dx (x)dx] ={d[M(x)] (x)dx} =

a x a x
1 2 1 2
0 0 0 0

[M(x x) (x)dx =
x a a
)(x)dx ] - M(
1 2 1 2
0 0 0

M(x) (x)dx =
a
- 1 2
0

x)d[ (x)]=
a a
- (
x)M (
2 x) + M ( 1 1 2
0 0

M (x)d[ (x)]
a
1 2 (
2 37)
0


M2(
x) 1 2 1x a4
dx = q
a a a
1 = M1(
x)2(
d x)= M1(
x) dx = qx
0 0 EI 0 2 EI 8EI
2 38)
(
,
,
,,,,
,

x)
M2( aa
x) ( )
M1( a
M1(
x)
:1 = dx = M2 x dx = M2(
x)dx,
0 EI 0 EI 0

,,
,,(),

,,

N2(
x) L L
N1(
x) ( ) L
N1(
x)
1 = dx = N2 x dx = N2(
x)dx (
2 39)
EA EA

0 0 0

, Li,

N
N2i(
x) N1i(
x) ( )
n Li n Li n Li
Ni1(
x) (
x)

1 = dx = N2i x dx = i 2
i dx
i=1 0 EAi i=1 0 EAi i=1 0

(
2 40)

i i ,
,

n n
Li
1 = iLiN2i = EA N1iN2i (
2 41)

i=1 i=1 i

2 41),
(

,,2 9

3 ,
AB , B x AB
, P , P
6
L 3 , , , 3
x = P P AC CB P
EA 6 3
,
L 3 3 3 3 PL 3
y = P 1+ P 12 =
EA 6 6 3 3 EA 4

AC PL 3 ,
C
PL 3 ,
2 9
EA 3 EA 12

, , ,

2 9

,
2 10

2 10
 2.
3

M2(
x) a
, :1 = dx M1(
x)
0 EI
EI , M1(
x) M2(
x),M2 (
x)

b
M2(
x)=kx, M1(
x)dx [
a,b] M1 (
x) x
a

( 2 11, x ),,

b
M2(
x) k b ()
M1(x) dx = M1 x xdx
a EI EI a
y

M (x)
M2(x)

b
k
dx = 1 x0
EI EI

x0 y M2(
, x),kx0 =y0 ,
y0 x0 M2(
x0 )

, y0 =M2(
x0),

M (x)
M2(
x) y0b
(
dx =
1 = 1 2 42)

EI EI a

2 42) M1(
x) M2( x0),

( :
:

, =

n
1
EIy ,
n

i 0
i
i=1

i y0i

, ,
M1(
x)M2(
x) ,
;,
x)
M1 ( 2 11
, 0
,, ,
,,
(,
MP , M1(
x); M1 ,
M2(
x)) 2 12 , 4 , E ,
E ,
, E ,,

E , E P1 =1 MP M1 ,
2 13

2 12

2 13

,
1 (
Ey = 1y01 +2y02 +3y03 +4y04)=
EI
1 P 2 a P 2 P 2 P 3 (
a 0-Pa2 - aa+ aa =- a 2 43)
EI 2 2 2 2 2EI

,,
 2 43):
( E ()E
, 2 14(b)
MP , B 0 , ; ,
2 12(
b),,
: AB , AB
; BC DE , , ,
AC ; CD ,
DE , CD D , AN-
SYS , 2 14( c)

2 14

,, ,

;,
,,
, 2 15 , ,
,,, C 0
,
;,
, 2 16
2 1 AB ()
A,
B , M1 , 2 17(
d)
,q,
MP , 2 17(
c)




2 15
2 16

0

2 17
 1 2 1 2 hL3
qL L h = q 2 44)
(

AB =
EI 3 8 12EI
3 ,:
AB , ,
L ,,,
h
,

2.
4
,,

M (x)dx
L
= 2 45)
(

1
0

M1(x),

,
(),

M
n

=
Li

i=1 0
i (
x)
1
i dxi (
2 46)

2 18 , AB BC , ,

t2 -t1
AB =BC = , C , AB

t2 -t1 t2 -t1 2 ,

L
1xdx = L BC C
0 h 2h

2 18

t2-t1
t2-t1)
dx ,( dx,
h
t2-t1
dx,AB =BC =
h
t1 +t2
L: h L , , ,
2
t2 -t1 2
x
C , L
2h
3(
t2 -t1) 2
y L
2h

2.
5
,
,,

2 19(
a),,C

C ?

2 19(
b),, CD ,; 2

19(
d), , CD ,
BD ,

,, , CD 0

C ,
,,,

,,

C ,,,, 2 20(
c)

, C ,,:
C

,,
2 20(
d), C , M1

, MP M1 , 0

,C
,?
, AC
AC ,
C 2 21 ,,
C ,, 2 21
,, 1 13
, 2 22
,,

2 19 2 20




2 21

2 22

,
,,
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(
1)?
(
2)?
(
3) 2 22(
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3.
1

3.
1.1

(
),,
2 1), dM +Qdx=0 Q
(
,, 3 1(
a);, M ,3 1(
b)

3 1 ,:
, MD,a>MD,b
D ;, 0
,

,

3 1

, AB , BC ;, AB

, BC

P=qL ,,, D,b<D,a

AB ,,,
C

, C,a>D,a,
C,b>D,b
B , C,a>C,b

,
3 1 :;(

),(),

,, 3 2

3 2
 ( P=qL),, B,a<B,b, B,a<B,b
C : B , B , C,b =
B,b+B,bL
3 2(
b), C
,B,bL>B,b
,,
,

3.
1.2
,,
; ;

, 3 3

3 3

, M1 = L ; P

PL , 1 L PL , 2 L
M= = y0 =
4 2 2 4 3 4

PL3 (
= 3 1)
48EI
,
PL2 (
A =B = 3 2)
16EI
3 2
( ), (
3 1a ) C
L PL2 L PL3 PL3
C,a =B
= = > = D,a
2 16EI 2 32EI 48EI
, C , C B C

,,,
,,,
( 3 4(a)), C A
, 3 4(
b) 3 3(b),
5
qL
4
(
C = 3 3)
384EI

3 4

P=qL,

5
qL
4
PL3 PL3

=C = <
384EI 384EI 48EI

:, ,
, P=qL,

L3
A = q (
3 4)
24EI

3
qL PL2 ,,
A = <

24EI 16EI
3 1(b) C ,

PL2 L
C,b =B = =
2 24EI 2

PL3 5PL3
> = D,b

48EI 384EI
,
, 3 1

(3 5),

ML (
A = 3 5)
3EI

M = 1qL2
8
, 3 5
 3
ML qL ((
A = = 3 4))
3EI 24EI

: M = 1qL2 ,
8
,
(),,, 3 4(
a)
,, 3 5(c)
,,
2 ,
L4
B = q 3 6)
(
8EI

3 (
P=qL),
8

( 3 6)

3 6

, B ,,
L3
B = q (
3 7)
6EI
,( 3 7)
PL2 qL
3
(
B = =3 P =qL)
2EI 6EI

,,

3 7

3 ,(

) ,

3.
1.3

(),

,,

3 8 , 0,, P

, C ,
C1 = C2

(
3 8)
P1 +P2 = P }

( BC )(
AB

3 5))
),((
P1L3 P1L3 P1L2
C1 = +BL = + L
3EI 3EI 3EI
P2a3 P2a3 P2a2
C2 = +Ba = + a
3EI 3EI 3EI

a= L ,( P 8P , P2
3 8), P1 = ,P2 = P1 = 90%
2 9 9 8
, C , 3 9( a)

, ,
,

3 8

3 9

: 3 8 , 3 9(
b)

,,
, 3 1
3 1

VA VB MA B C ,
B

P P PL2 PL3
0
2 2 16EI 48EI

 3 1

VA VB MA B C ,
B

qL qL qL3 5PL3
0
2 2 24EI 384EI

M M ML
M
L L 6EI

PL2 PL3
P 0 PL
2EI 3EI

M M ML
0 0
L

L 48EI

qL2 qL3 qL4

qL 0

2 6EI 8EI

ML ML2

0 0 M
EI 2EI

3.
2
,
,,
,

3 10 , , ,
B ,:
 qL ;
C ,
2
2
qL ;
B ,
2
BC , B C ;
, AB , , ,
B

3 10

3
C P =1 MP M1 MP , qL ,
1 = 2 =
4

3
qL ,, 2 5

y01 = L,
y02 = L
3 3 8

3L4 ((
B,M = q 3 6))
8EI

A 2 , ,
C

, C ,
BC ,
3 11
B
,
NPN1 qL
2
B,N = L =
EA 2EA

, A = 12 ,
I h2
B,M 3
qL
4
2EA 3AL2 L2
= = =9 2
B,N 8EI qL
2
4I h
1/10 ,
 3 11

B,M L2
=9 2 900

B,N h
:, 3 10 ,

,,,


3 1 , 3 12(c), E,
C,A

E A , C

3 12

,:
qL ,
A,
B , VA =VB =
2
qL
;, HA =HB =
E ,
8
,,, E ,
E , 3 12(
E , c)
 A,B
C ,
, E A ,B , 3 13 M =1
,
, A B , A , E
3 13(
a) 3 12(
b);
A 3 13(
b) 3 12(
b)
11qL
4
(
E,a = 3 9)
384EI
AB qL
3
(
A,a = = 3 10)
2 48EI

3 13 E A ,
B

E P =qL , 3 14(
b),
E A

,
PL3 24qL
4

E,b = = (
3 11)
16EI 384EI
AB qL
3
(
A,b = = 3 12)
2 24EI
24
3 12)(
( 3 10), A,a;(
A,b=2 3 11)(
3 9),
E,b= E,a
11
,,
,,
E,b, E CE
, 3 15(
c)

E CE C