FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Terengganu

Kampus Bukit Besi

TECHNICAL/EXECUTIVE REPORT : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Lab No. : CHE241 FLUID MECHANICS AND EQUIPMENT

100
Topic : MULTI PUMP TEST RIG Mark :

Date :
11/11/2017

Participant Course : DIPLOMA IN CHEMICAL Semester :

Group:
ENGINEERING 3 EH1103A

No. Name Matrix No. Signature

1 MOHD AFIQ ASRAF BIN IBRAHIM 2016481936

2 MUHAMAD NAJIB BIN MOAHAMD FAUZI 2016800442

3 EZZANIE BALQHIS BINTI BASIR 2016800694

Instructor 1. EN. MOHD AZAHARI

2.
TABLE OF CONTENT:

Abstract ....
Introduction ..
Objective ..
Theory ..
Material and Apparatus
Methodology
Data And Results .
Calculations .
Conclusion ...
Recommendation .
References
ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of different pumps in
a contained unit. Moreover, the experiment is carried out to understand the types of pumps in
principle and design, and to select the appropriate pump for the particular applications for
optimal reaction. We used the energy conversion t compare the performance curves of different
pumps. We have tested on single centrifugal pump, multistage centrifugal pump, and gear pump
to determine their characteristics with different amount of power supplied. This report consists of
the objectives of this experiment, a brief introduction, the working theory for multi pump test rig,
the material and apparatus that has been used to conduct the experiment plus the procedures for
the experiment. The data the collected and being analyzed. At the end of the lab report, we had
explained the data by our discussions and conclusion

INTRODUCTION:

The SOLTEQ Multi Pump Test Rig allows students to measure the operating characteristics of
different pumps in a contained unit. Pumps are of major concern to most engineers and
techinicians. The types of pumps vary considerably in principle and design, and selection of the
correct one for a particular application essential for satisfactory operation. This training until
incorporates appropriate pipe works and tanks to make the operation, self-contained. The
manually operated valves and pipe works are arrangedfor rapid and safe selection of pump. All
necessary instrumentatios for measurement of flow, pump head, speed and power are included.
OBJECTIVE:

1. To differentiate the characteristic curves between the single stage centrifugal pump ,
multistage centrifugal pump and gear pump.
2. To investigate the relationship between pressure head, flow rate, power consumed and
efficiency for a pump.

3. Determine the types of pumps in principle and design, and the selection of the
appropriate pump for a particular application for optimal operation.

THEORY:

This pump test rig is specially designed for student demonstrations on the principal operating
characteristics of different types of pumps. The units is supplied with two centrifugal and a
positive displacement pump. The units incorporates appropriate pipe work and tanks to make the
operations self-contained. The manually operate valves and pipes work are arranged for rapid
and safe selection of any one test pump. Measurement sensors are included to monitor the pump
speed, power and flowrate.
The unit is self contain constructed on epoxy coated steel frame and platform with lockable
wheels. The pumps, tank, instrumentation and valves are strategically located for easy access.
For safety reasons, the control box is well protected against water splashes. The process piping
are of 1 inch industrial grade for the centrifugal pumps and of 1/2 inch for the positive
displacement pump. All valves used are rust and corrosion resistant.
Electrical wiring are properly laid out in flexible PVC conduit and all instrument cables are
screened. Individual starters to the pumps are provided. Power cable for the pumps are laid in
separate conduit from instrument cables. Identification tags are provided for every major items in
the unit.
a) Horizontal Single Stage Centrifugal Pump
Capacity : 30 LPM
Head : 10 m
Electrical : 415VAC/3-phase/50Hz

Rotation of a centrifugal pump impeller (Figure 1) causes the liquid it contains to move outwards
from the centre to beyond the circumference of the impeller. The revolving liquid is impelled by
centrifugal effect. It can only be projected into the casing around the periphery of the impeller if
other liquid in the casing can be displaced. Displaced liquid in moving from the casing to the
delivery pipe, causes flow in the discharge side of the system. The liquid in the impeller and
casing of a centrifugal pump is also essential to its operation.

In moving out under the influence of the centrifugal effect, it drops the pressure at the centre, to
which the suction or supply pipe delivers the liquid to be pumped. The moving liquid acts in the
same way as a reciprocating pump piston on its suction stroke. Provided that a centrifugal pump
is filled initially with liquid and that flow is maintained, the suction stroke action will continue.
If such a purnp contains no liquid initially, it is as though an essential part is missing.
 b) Vertical Multistage Centrifugal Pump
Capacity : 50 LPM
Head : 30 m
Electrical : 415VAC/3-phase/50Hz

Vertical multistage centrifugal pump have a vertical shaft, where stages are stacked one on top of
the next.
Clearances are small in these pumps, therefore, clean water applications are best for this pump:
High pressure shower systems
Boiler feedwater
Desuperheater feed
Vertical multistage pumps are great for areas that don't have much footprint to spare. Its ability
to deliver high pressure output with a single pump body and motor combo is also a plus.
It is important to keep in mind, however, that this type of pump does not tolerate debris or
significant solids, and is also vulnerable to deadhead conditions.
Multistage pumps provide many key benefits, from energy savings, to ability to operate in a wide
range of flow/head scenarios. If you think it might be right for your application, be sure to
discuss with a qualified engineer first. They'll make sure the right pump is selected specifically
for your purpose.
c) Gear pump
Capacity : 8LPM @ 10 bar
Electrical : 415VAC/3-PHASE50HZ
External gear pumps are a popular pumping principle and are often used as lubrication pumps in
machine tools, in fluid power transfer units, and as oil pumps in engines.
External gear pumps can come in single or double (two sets of gears) pump configurations with
spur (shown), helical, and herringbone gears. Helical and herringbone gears typically offer a
smoother flow than spur gears, although all gear types are relatively smooth. Large-capacity
external gear pumps typically use helical or herringbone gears. Small external gear pumps
usually operate at 1750 or 3450 rpm and larger models operate at speeds up to 640 rpm. External
gear pumps have close tolerances and shaft support on both sides of the gears. This allows them
to run to pressures beyond 3,000 PSI / 200 BAR, making them well suited for use in
hydraulics. With four bearings in the liquid and tight tolerances, they are not well suited to
handling abrasive or extreme high temperature applications.
Tighter internal clearances provide for a more reliable measure of liquid passing through a pump
and for greater flow control. Because of this, external gear pumps are popular for precise transfer
and metering applications involving polymers, fuels, and chemical additives.
MATERIAL AND APPARATUS:

1 7

6
3

1. Control Panel
2. Flowmeter, FT1
3. Different pressure transmitter, DPT1
4. Vertical multistage pump, P2
5. Pressure relief valve
6. Flowmeter. FT3
7. Gear pump, P3
8.Horizontal Centrifugal Pump, P1

Material
1. Water
2. Oil
METHODOLOGY:

General start-up procedures

1. All the units and instrument must be checked.
2. Closed all the initial valves.
3. All the switches are off.
4. Turn on the switch
5. The unit is connect properly to main power and select the correct position
6. Ready for experiment

Experiment 1
1. Switch the pump selector to position 1
2. Open/close the valves according to Section 5.1
3. Set the pump control of Pump 1 to minimum
4. Test the pump characteristics under the condition; V5 fully opened, varied pump
speed.
5. Record the data

Experiment 2
1. Switch the pump selector to position 2
2. Open/close the valves according to Section 5.1
3. Set the pump control of Pump 2 to minimum
4. Test the pump characteristics under the condition; V5 fully opened, varied pump
speed.
5. Record the data

Experiment 3
1. Switch the pump selector to position 3
2. Open/close the valves according to Section 5.1
3. Set the pump control of Pump 3 to minimum
4. Test the pump characteristics under the condition; V5 fully opened, varied pump
speed.
5. Record the data

General shut down procedures

1. Off the main switch and power supply
2. retain the water and oil for the next experiment
3. follow the start up procedures
DATA AND RESULTS:

Experiment 1: Charateristic Study of Centrifugal Pump

Speed Flowrate Flowrate Pressure Pressure Power Power
(RPM) (%) (LPM) (%) (BAR) (%) (W)

1421 456.2 87.2 3.5 5.7 50 275.0

1705 55.8 105.7 6.1 10.1 60 329.9

1990 65.3 123.6 9.2 14.9 70 384.9

2276 75.0 143.6 12.5 17.4 80 443.4

Speed Flowrate Flowrate Pressure Pressure Power Power

(RPM) (%) (m3/s) (%) (BAR) (%) (W)
1421 456.2 0.00146 3.5 5.7 50 275.0

1705 55.8 0.00177 6.1 10.1 60 329.9

1990 65.3 0.00206 9.2 14.9 70 384.9

2276 75.0 0.00240 12.5 17.4 80 443.4

Flow rate and pump head against speed

0.003 19.25
19.2
0.0025 19.15
Flow rate ( m^3/s )

Heat pump ( m )

0.002 19.1
19.05
0.0015 19
18.95 Flow rate
0.001 18.9 Heat pump
0.0005 18.85
18.8
0 18.75
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Speed ( RPM )
Experiment 2 : Characteristic Study of Vertical Multistage Centrifugal Pump.
Speed Flowrate Flowrate Pressure Pressure Power Power
( RPM) (%) ( LPM) (%) ( bar ) (%) (W)

1415 35.0 66.2 0.9 1.3 50 274.6

1703 42.3 80.2 2.3 4.1 60 329.6

1993 49.7 93.5 4.5 7.4 70 384.8

2282 57.0 108.1 6.7 10.8 80 439.7

Speed Flowrate Flowrate Pressure Pressure Power Power

( RPM) (%) (m3/s) (%) ( bar ) (%) (W)

1415 35.0 0.00111 0.9 1.3 50 274.6

1703 42.3 0.00134 2.3 4.1 60 329.6

1993 49.7 0.00156 4.5 7.4 70 384.8

2282 57.0 0.00181 6.7 10.8 80 439.7

Heat pump and flow rate agaist speed

0.002 25.3
25.2
Flow rate ( m^3/s )

Heat pump ( m )

0.0015
25.1
0.001 25
Flow Rate
24.9
0.0005 Heat pump
24.8
0 24.7
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Speed ( RPM )
Experiment 3 : Characteristic Study of Gear Pump.
Speed Flowrate Flowrate Pressure Pressure Power Power
( LPM) (%)
( RPM) (%) ( bar ) (%) (W)
L/min

710 31.0 8.7 3.5 0.6 550 184.7

855 39.7 11.1 3.9 0.6 60 221.6

1006 48.7 13.6 4.2 0.7 70 258.7

1164 57.4 16.1 4.5 0.7 80 296.0

Speed Flowrate Flowrate Pressure Pressure Power Power

( LPM) (%)
( RPM) (%) ( bar ) (%) (W)
m3/s

710 31.0 0.000145 3.5 0.6 550 184.7

855 39.7 0.000185 3.9 0.6 60 221.6

1006 48.7 0.000227 4.2 0.7 70 258.7

1164 57.4 0.000269 4.5 0.7 80 296.0

Outlet pressure against water flowrate

0.0003
Flow rate ( m^3/s )

0.00025
0.0002
0.00015
0.0001
0.00005
0
58000 60000 62000 64000 66000 68000 70000 72000
Pressure ( Pa )
 Outlet pressure against hydraulic power

Outlet pressure against hydraulic power

350
300
250
Power ( w )

200
150
100
50
0
58000 60000 62000 64000 66000 68000 70000 72000
Pressure ( Pa )

Outlet pressure against pump speed.

Outlet pressure against pump speed

1400
1200
1000
Speed ( RPM )

800
600
400
200
0
58000 60000 62000 64000 66000 68000 70000 72000
Pressure ( Pa )
CALCULATION:
EXPERIMENT 1

= ,

H = Heatpump
P = Pressure
= Water Density
Q = Water Flowrate

275
1 = = 19.2
1000 9.81 0.00146
329.9
2 = = 19.0
1000 9.81 0.00177
384.9
3 = = 19.0
1000 9.81 0.00206
443.4
4 = = 18.8
1000 9.81 0.00240

EXPERIMENT 2
274.6
1 = = 25.2
1000 9.81 0.00111
329.6
2 = = 25.1
1000 9.81 0.00134
384.8
3 = = 25.1
1000 9.81 0.00156
439.7
4 = = 24.8
1000 9.81 0.00181
EXPERIMENT 3

= 100%

0.000136
1 = 100% = 93.8%
0.000145
0.000136
2 = 100% = 73.5%
0.000185
0.000136
3 = 100% = 59.9%
0.000227
0.000136
3 = 100% = 50.6%
0.000269

CONCLUSION:
From this experiment that is to determine the operating characteristic of different pumps in a
contained unit. So, we can conclude that the principles of the pump are different from each other.
The result show different types of curve refers to different pump. Different pump give different
operating characteristic. From this experiment, we can see that centrifugal pump, plunger pump
and gear pump has different type of working principle due to different type of fluid used for fluid
to move. The design of three pumps is different as centrifugal pump and plunger pump need two
motor to run the pump but gear pump only needs a motor.
RECOMMENDATION:

1. The experiment must be done under the supervision of authorized personnel.

2. Do not open the valve when pump is currently running.
3. All the equipment must be fully checked before executing any experiment.
4. Take at least (3) readings on each of experiment to obtain accurate datas.
5. Safety gears must be wear at anytime during experiment session.

REFERENCES:

1. Fluid Mechanics and Equipment Laboratory Manual

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_pump
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunger_pump