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Abstract- Gas insulation equipment are widely used in high With the development of on-line leakage detectors, more
voltage electrical field, which use SF6 gas as insulation medium and more new devices are applied to the power system. In
and have many advantages such as low maintenance and high [7], SF6 gas leak is measured by using ultraviolet radiation
reliability. But SF6 leakage caused by factors such as for generating ion. However, the leakage region fails to be
manufacturing, installation and material aging will severely given by this method. In [8], SF6 gas leak is measured
reduce the insulation performance of equipment and based on spectrum absorption theory, the system has fast
eventually lead to the occurrence of insulation fault. Therefore, responding speed and the concentration of the SF6 gas can
the detection of SF6 leakage is of great significance to the safe be acquired by calculating the absorbance. However, it is
operation of the equipment. The traditional off-line detection
also unable to locate the leakage region. In [9], infrared
methods have disadvantages of low degree of automation, low
imaging technique is used to detect SF6 gas leak. Firstly, an
sensitivity and low precision, while the existing on-line leak
detectors are unable to locate the leakage region accurately. infrared camera is used to collect field video data. Then, the
Therefore, this paper proposes a SF6 leak detection method by leakage region is located by human observing. Although
using infrared image processing technique. First of all, original this method has greatly improved the detection efficiency,
infrared image is improved by using histogram equalization artificial judging can still lead to high false rejection rate
and wiener adaptive filtering algorithm. Then the rapid and false detection rate.
location of leakage region is realized by using improved For the above reasons, a method based on infrared
Surendra algorithm. Theoretical simulation and field test show image processing technique is proposed to detect SF6
that this method can realize the fast and accurate location of leakage region in this paper, which can complete the
the SF6 leakage region. automatic, fast and accurate detection of the leakage area so
that the workload and the misjudgment rate of artificial
Keywords- Detection SF6 Leakage Region; Infrared Image judgment can be reduced. Firstly, histogram equalization
Processing; Improved Surendra Algorithm strategy is used to enhance the contrast of the infrared
image, enlarge the dynamic range of image grey value and
I. INTRODUCTION improve the image gray levels. Then, the image is de-noised
by adaptive wiener filtering algorithm, by which the
In recent years, the use of SF6 electrical equipment is
Gaussian noise is eliminated and the high frequency
becoming increasingly wider. SF6 circuit breakers have
information and boundary information of the image are
already displaced the traditional oil circuit breakers. SF6
preserved. Finally, the SF6 gas leak region is located by
transformers have also acquired fast popularization and
improved Surendra algorithm.
application [1, 2]. However, because of the difference of
material quality and production processes, SF6 gas may leak II. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF SF6 INFRARED
from some equipment with the increase of usage time and IMAGING LEAKAGE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
the aging of the equipment, which will severely reduce the
insulation performance of the equipment and eventually SF6 gas and air have different infrared absorption
lead to the occurrence of insulation fault [3, 4]. The properties, which makes it easy to observe SF6 gas that leaks
detection of SF6 leakage is of great importance to the safe into the air through infrared imaging detection technique
operation of the equipment and the reliability assurance of [12, 13]. The principle block diagram is shown in Figure 1.
the power grid [5, 6].
The traditional off-line SF6 leakage detection methods
can be divided into two categories, which are qualitative SF6
detection and quantitative detection. Qualitative detection
methods include the famous vacuum chase leaks et al; Infrared
Infrared
Quantitative detection methods include local bandaging object video
camera
method and hang bottle method et al. These traditional image
detection methods have low intelligentialize degree and
need a huge manpower and material resources. In addition, Air
the detection results are not convincing because of their
great subjectivity [7].
Figure 1. Principle block diagram of infrared imaging detection
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A N u M window is selected as the estimated Where, I i and Ii 1 are the current frame of image and last
neighborhood of the local mean and local variance of each frame of image, respectively. TH is the selected threshold,
pixel in the image. It is easy to obtain equation (2)(3). abs means absolute value operation.
1
P I ( x, y )
NM x , yK
(2) (4) Morphological processing to BWi and conducting
connectivity analysis, get the revised binary image FBWi ;
1 (5) Update background BGi based on FBWi ;
V2
NM
K I 2
( x, y ) P 2 (3)
x , y
BGi 1 ( x, y) if FBWi ( x, y) 1
BGi ( x, y) (6)
Where, P and V are the local mean and local variance of
2
qI i (1 q) BGi 1 ( x, y) if FBWi ( x, y ) 0
the neighborhood, respectively. K is the N u M Where, BGi ( x, y) and FBWi ( x, y) are the value of the
neighborhood range of each pixel in image I ( x, y) . So the background image and the binary image in coordinate (x, y) ,
new pixel value can be expressed as equation (4): q is the speed of update, which is set 0.1.
V 2 v2 (6) Until the background of all pixels in one image is
I c( x, y) P ( I ( x, y) P ) (4)
2
V updated, set i=i+1, back to (3) until i=100. BG100 is the
2
Where v is the variance of the noise, which can be extracted background.
estimated and adjusted according to local variance of the (7) Get the differential image Di 1 ( x, y) ;
image I ( x, y) . Di 1 ( x, y) Ii 1 ( x, y) BGi ( x, y) (7)
IV. LEAKAGE REGION DETECTION (8) Select an appropriate threshold, binarization processing
and morphological operation to Di 1 ( x, y) so as to
In a short period of time, the leakage region is fixed, SF6
gas exists as mist in the video. Due to the high internal get FDi 1 ( x, y) .
pressure, SF6 gas will diffuse irregularly. So it is (9) Use canny edge detection algorithm for contour
considerable to locate leakage region by moving target extraction.
detection. There are three commonly used moving target (10) Mark the leakage region in the original image.
detection algorithms, which are optical flow method [17], Start
inter-frame difference method [18, 19] and background
subtraction division method [20, 21]. Read infrared video
image data
Constraints must be added in the optical flow algorithm
when estimating the optical flow. As optical flow can be i=0,take the first frame of
image I0 as the original
affected by the object form and field noise, the detection of background BG0
moving target will be affected accordingly. Although the
inter-frame difference method has strong anti-interference Set an appropriate iteration
ability, it suffers difficulty in threshold selection, which will number Clet i=i+1
make it difficult to extract the whole moving region and
Get the current
result in empty phenomenon. Surendra algorithm can differential binary
effectively extract the whole moving region. However, it image BWi
fails to process the results after frame difference furtherly
and can mistake the foreground that has similar texture as Morphological processing
and connectivity analysis End
background. This will make the updated background Get the revised
inaccuracy, the detection of the motion area can be affected image FBWi
Mark the
accordingly. leakage region
1 if abs( Ii I i 1 ) t TH
BWi (5) Figure 4. Process for the detection of leakage region
0 if abs( Ii I i 1 ) TH
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V. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The red circles in Figure 7 show the real leakage region
As shown in Figure 5(a), the histogram equalization of detected by soap method. Another two detection results that
3(b) significantly improved the contrast of the original respectively obtained by the traditional Surendra algorithm
image. Meanwhile, by comparing Figure 5(b) with 5(c), it is and the improved Surendra algorithm are compared with
easy to find that the gray scale distribution area of the artificial off-line detection.
original image is significantly enlarged, which will decrease Figure 8 shows the background extraction results of the
the difficulty in leakage region recognition. same image by the traditional Surendra algorithm and the
improved Surendra algorithm. The background extracted by
the classical Surendra algorithm can be easily affected by
the interference in cross-region, so there are many outliers
in the obtained differential binary image, which results in
misjudgments. The improved algorithm obviously has better
detection effect. Although the iterative efficiency of
background update is slightly reduced, the error points in
the differential binary image also decreases, which
significantly improves the detection accuracy
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Figure 6(a). The differential binary image without filtering process
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Figure 6(b). The differential binary image after adaptive wiener filtering
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process
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Morphology processing and
Differential binary image Leakage region recognition
contour extraction
Improved
algorithm
traditional
algorithm
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