Datacamp.R Course - in Chinese

datacamp.
Ch1. R
R
%%
^ 3 ^ 2 9
%% 5 %% 3 2
9 %% 2 1()
> (5 + 5) / 2
[1] 5
>
> #
> 2^5
[1] 32
>
1
> #
> 28%%6
[1] 4
(1)
R 4
my_var 4
my_var <- 4
my_varR Console 4
> my_var
[1] 4
4 my_var 42
# x 42 x
> x <- 42
>
> # x
>x
[1] 42
>
(2)
5 my_apples
2
<- = R
<-
># 5 my_apples
> my_apples <- 5

>
> # my_apples
> my_apples
[1] 5
(3)
my_oranges 6
my_apples + my_oranges
my_fruit my_apples my_oranges +
<- my_fruit
># my_apples my_oranges 5 6
> my_apples <- 5

> my_oranges <- 6
>
> #
> my_apples + my_oranges

[1] 11
>
> # my_fruit
3
> my_fruit <- my_apples + my_oranges
>
:-) my_apples my_oranges
R +
my_oranges ()
my_fruit
6 my_oranges "six"
R "six"
># my_apples 5
> my_apples <- 5

>
> # my_apples
> my_apples
[1] 5
>
> # my_oranges "six" my_oranges
> my_oranges <- 6

> my_oranges
[1] 6
>
> # my_fruit my_apples my_oranges
> my_fruit <- my_apples + my_oranges

> my_fruit
[1] 11
>
R
4
R
4.5
TRUE or FALSE
... R """apple"
"123""$#@"
my_numeric <- 42 42
my_numeric my_character <- "universe" "universe"
my_character my_logical <- FALSE FALSE my_logical
># 42 my_numeric
> my_numeric <- 42

>
> # "universe" my_character
> my_character <- "universe"

>
> # FALSE my_logical
> my_logical <- FALSE

>
5 + "six"
class()
5
my_numeric
my_character my_logical
>#
> my_numeric <- 42

> my_character <- "universe"
> my_logical <- FALSE
>
> # my_numeric
> class(my_numeric)
[1] "numeric"
>
> # my_character
> class(my_character)
[1] "character"
>
> # my_logical
> class(my_logical)
[1] "logical"
Ch2. vector
(1)
vegas <- "Go!"
># vegas
> vegas <- "Go!"
6
>
(2)
R c()
numeric_vector <- c(1, 2, 3)

character_vector <- c("a", "b", "c")
<- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE) boolean_vector
> numeric_vector <- c(1, 10, 49)

> character_vector <- c("a", "b", "c")
>
> # boolean_vector
> boolean_vector <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)

>
(3)
poker_vector :
$140
7
$50
$20
$120
$240
roulette_vector :
$24
$50
$100
$350
$10
poker_vector roulette_vector
poker_vector roulette_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #
> roulette_vector <- c(-24, -50, 100, -350, 10)

>
8
(1)
names()
some_vector <- c("John Doe", "poker player")

names(some_vector) <- c("Name", "Profession")
some_vector
Name Profession
R Console some_vector
Name Profession
"John Doe" "poker player"
names(roulette_vector) roulette_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #

>
> # poker_vector
> names(poker_vector) <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday")

>
> # roulette_vector
> names(roulette_vector) <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday")

>
9
(2)
names(poker_vector) <- days_vector poker_vector
roulette_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #

>
> # days_vector
> days_vector <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday")

>
> # days_vector roulette_vector poker_vector
> names(poker_vector) <- days_vector

> names(roulette_vector) <- days_vector
(1)
10

R 2
c(1, 2, 3) + c(4, 5, 6)
c(1 + 4, 2 + 5, 3 + 6)
c(5, 7, 9)
a <- c(1, 2, 3)
b <- c(4, 5, 6)
c <- a + b
+ A_vector B_vector <- total_vector
> A_vector <- c(1, 2, 3)

> B_vector <- c(4, 5, 6)
>
> # A_vector B_vector
> total_vector <- A_vector + B_vector

>
> # total_vector
> total_vector
[1] 5 7 9
>
11
(2)
roulette_vector poker_vector
2 total_daily
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> # total_daily
> total_daily <- poker_vector + roulette_vector

>
(3)
sum()
total_poker <- sum(poker_vector)
sum() roulette_vector total_week
roulette_vector poker_vector
>#
12
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)
>
> #
> total_poker <- sum(poker_vector)

>
> #
> total_roulette <- sum(roulette_vector)

>
> #
> total_week <- total_roulette + total_poker

>
> # total_week
> total_week
[1] -84
>
...
( > )
6 > 5 6 5 (TRUE FALSE)
>#
13
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)
>
> #
> total_poker <- sum(poker_vector)

> total_roulette <- sum(roulette_vector)
>
> #
> total_poker > total_roulette

[1] TRUE
(1)
Margarita...
total_vector
R ...
poker_vector[1] poker_vector[2]...
1 0
poker_vector poker_vector[3]
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

14
>
> #
> poker_wednesday <- poker_vector[3]

>
(2)
c(1, 5)
poker_vector[c(1, 5)]
c(2, 3, 4) poker_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #
> poker_midweek <- poker_vector[c(2, 3, 4)]

>
(3)
c(2, 3, 4) poker_vector
c(2, 3, 4) 2:4
15
poker_vector[2:4] 2:4
2:5 roulette_vector
roulette_selection_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #
> roulette_selection_vector <- roulette_vector[2:5]

>
(4)
Monday, Tuesday, ...
poker_vector["Monday"]
poker_vector "Monday"
poker_vector[c("Monday","Tuesday")]
c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday") poker_vector
16
mean(poker_start) poker_start
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #
> poker_start <- poker_vector[c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday")]

>
> # poker_start
> mean(poker_start)
[1] 36.66667
>
<
>
<=
>=
==
17
!=
R Console 6 > 5 TRUER
> c(4, 5, 6) > 5

[1] FALSE FALSE TRUE
TRUE FALSE
R some_vector > 0 poker_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #
> selection_vector <- poker_vector > 0

>
> # selection_vector
> selection_vector
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
>
18
selection_vector <- poker_vector > 0
selection_vector poker_vector
poker_vector[selection_vector]
R selection_vector TRUE
poker_vector[selection_vector] poker_vector
poker_winning_days
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

>
> #
> selection_vector <- poker_vector > 0

>
selection_vector
roulette_vector[selection_vector] roulette_vector
>#
> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

19
>
> #
> selection_vector <- roulette_vector > 0

>
> # roulette_vector
> roulette_winning_days <- roulette_vector[selection_vector]

>
Ch3. matrix

()
matrix()
matrix(1:9, byrow = TRUE, nrow = 3)
matrix()
1:9 c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
byrow
byrow = FALSE
nrow 3
3 1 9 byrow = TRUE
20
># 3 1:9
> matrix(1:9, byrow = TRUE, nrow = 3)

[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 2 3
[2,] 4 5 6
[3,] 7 8 9
>
c(new_hope, empire_strikes, return_jedi)
box_office
matrix() 3
box_office nrow = 3
byrow = TRUE star_wars_matrix
box_office <- c(new_hope, empire_strikes, return_jedi)
21
matrix(box_office, nrow = ..., by_row = ...)
>#
> new_hope <- c(460.998, 314.4)

> empire_strikes <- c(290.475, 247.900)
> return_jedi <- c(309.306, 165.8)
>
> # box_office
> box_office <- c(new_hope, empire_strikes, return_jedi)

>
> # star_wars_matrix
> star_wars_matrix <- matrix(box_office, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

>
> new_hope <- c(460.998, 314.4)

> empire_strikes <- c(290.475, 247.900)
> return_jedi <- c(309.306, 165.8)
>
> star_wars_matrix <- matrix(c(new_hope, empire_strikes, return_jedi), nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE)

>
> # region titles
> region <- c("US", "non-US")

> titles <- c("A New Hope", "The Empire Strikes Back", "Return of the Jedi")
>
> # region
> colnames(star_wars_matrix) <- region

>
> # titles
22
> rownames(star_wars_matrix) <- titles
>
> star_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 460.998 314.4
The Empire Strikes Back 290.475 247.9
Return of the Jedi 309.306 165.8
R rowSums()
# star_wars_matrix
> box_office <- c(460.998, 314.4, 290.475, 247.900, 309.306, 165.8)

> star_wars_matrix <- matrix(box_office, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE,
dimnames = list(c("A New Hope", "The Empire Strikes Back", "Return of
the Jedi"),
c("US", "non-US")))
>
> #
> worldwide_vector <- rowSums(star_wars_matrix)
cbind() matrix1 matrix2 vector1
big_matrix
big_matrix <- cbind(matrix1, matrix2, vector1 ...)
> star_wars_matrix <- matrix(box_office, nrow = 3, byrow = TRUE,

dimnames = list(c("A New Hope", "The Empire Strikes Back", "Return of
the Jedi"),
c("US", "non-US")))
>
23
> #
> worldwide_vector <- rowSums(star_wars_matrix)

>
> # worldwide_vector star_wars_matrix
> all_wars_matrix <- cbind(star_wars_matrix, worldwide_vector)

>
cbind() rbind()()
R ()
star_wars_matrix
star_wars_matrix2
R Console ls() 2
># star_wars_matrix star_wars_matrix2
> star_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 461.0 314.4
> star_wars_matrix2
US non-US
The Phantom Menace 474.5 552.5
Attack of the Clones 310.7 338.7
Revenge of the Sith 380.3 468.5
>
> # 2
> all_wars_matrix <- rbind(star_wars_matrix, star_wars_matrix2)

>
24
> # all_wars_matrix
> all_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 461.0 314.4
>
cbind() rbind()colSums() rowSums()R
all_wars_matrix all_wars_matrix
colSums() function star_wars_matrix
# all_wars_matrix
> all_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 461.0 314.4
>
> #
> total_revenue_vector <- colSums(all_wars_matrix)

>
> # total_revenue_vector
> total_revenue_vector
25
US non-US
2226.3 2087.8
>
[ ] 2
my_matrix[1,2]
my_matrix[1:3,2:4]
my_matrix[,1]
my_matrix[1,]
all_wars_matrix
my_matrix[,2] my_matrix
># all_wars_matrix
> all_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 461.0 314.4
>
> #
26
> non_us_all <- all_wars_matrix[,2]
>
> #
> mean(non_us_all)
[1] 347.9667
>
> #
> non_us_some <- all_wars_matrix[1:2,2]

>
> #
> mean(non_us_some)
[1] 281.15
>
(1)
+ - / *
2 * my_matrix my_matrix 2
all_wars_matrix 5 5
all_wars_matrix 5
># all_wars_matrix
> all_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 461.0 314.4
27
>
> #
> visitors <- all_wars_matrix / 5

>
> #
> visitors
US non-US
A New Hope 92.20 62.88
>
(2)
2 * my_matrix my_matrix 2 my_matrix1 *
my_matrix2
ticket_prices_matrix (imagination)
%*%
mean()
visitors[ ,1] visitors
# all_wars_matrix ticket_prices_matrix
> all_wars_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 461.0 314.4
28
> ticket_prices_matrix
US non-US
A New Hope 5.0 5.0
>
> #
> visitors <- all_wars_matrix / ticket_prices_matrix

>
> #
> visitors
US non-US
A New Hope 92.20000 62.88000
>
> #
> us_visitors <- visitors[ ,1]

>
Ch4.
(1)
29

theory "factors for categorical variables"
(<-)
# theory
> theory <- "factors for categorical variables"

>
(2)
R factor() 5
gender_vector
gender_vector <- c("Male","Female","Female","Male","Male")
gender_vector 2 R "Male"
"Female"
factor()
factor_gender_vector <- factor(gender_vector)
30
factor() gender_vector
factor_gender_vector
factor_gender_vector R
> gender_vector <- c("Male", "Female", "Female", "Male", "Male")

>
> # gender_vector
> factor_gender_vector <- factor(gender_vector)

>
> # factor_gender_vector
> factor_gender_vector
[1] Male Female Female Male Male
Levels: Female Male
>
(3)
animals_vector
"Elephant" "Giraffe" "Donkey" "Horse"
temperature_vector
"Low" "Medium" "High" "Medium" "Low" "High"
"Medium" .
31
Submit Answer R Console R
>#
> animals_vector <- c("Elephant", "Giraffe", "Donkey", "Horse")

> factor_animals_vector <- factor(animals_vector)
> factor_animals_vector
[1] Elephant Giraffe Donkey Horse
Levels: Donkey Elephant Giraffe Horse
>
> #
> temperature_vector <- c("High", "Low", "High","Low", "Medium")

> factor_temperature_vector <- factor(temperature_vector, order = TRUE, levels = c("Low", "Medium",
"High"))
> factor_temperature_vector
[1] High Low High Low Medium
Levels: Low < Medium < High
>
levels()
levels(factor_vector) <- c("name1", "name2",...)
"M" "F"
survey_vector <- c("M", "F", "F", "M", "M")
"Male" "Female"
"M" "F"
R Console
levels(factor_survey_vector) [1] "F" "M" R
32
levels(factor_survey_vector)
<- c("Female", "Male") "F" "Female" "M" "Male"
factor_survey_vector "F" "M" c("Female", "Male")
"Female" "Male"
R Console
levels(factor_survey_vector)
># factor_survey_vector
> survey_vector <- c("M", "F", "F", "M", "M")

> factor_survey_vector <- factor(survey_vector)
>
> # factor_survey_vector
> levels(factor_survey_vector) <- c("Female", "Male")

>
> factor_survey_vector
Levels: Female Male
>
summary()summary()
summary(my_var)
33
summary()
survey_vector factor_survey_vector summary()
># factor_survey_vector

> factor_survey_vector
Levels: Female Male
>
> # survey_vector
> summary(survey_vector)
Length Class Mode
5 character character
>
> # factor_survey_vector
> summary(factor_survey_vector)
Female Male
2 3
>
factor_survey_vector R
# factor_survey_vector
34
>
> #
> male <- factor_survey_vector[1]

>
> #
> female <- factor_survey_vector[2]

>
> # ''
> male > female

Warning message: '>' not meaningful for factors
[1] NA
>
(1)
"Male" "Female" () R >
R ...
5 "slow"
"fast" "insane" speed_vector
speed_vector
1 fast
2 slow
3 slow
4 fast
35
5 insane
speed_vector "fast" "slow"
># speed_vector
> speed_vector <- c("fast", "slow", "slow", "fast", "insane")

>
(2)
speed_vector
factor() speed_vector
2 ordered levels
factor(some_vector,
ordered = TRUE,
levels = c("lev1", "lev2" ...))
factor() ordered TRUE
levels
speed_vector factor_speed_vector ordered TRUE
levels c("slow", "fast", "insane")
factor() speed_character_vector factor_speed_vector
ordered TRUE levels =
c("slow", "fast", "insane").
36
># speed_vector

>
> # speed_vector
> factor_speed_vector <- factor(speed_vector, ordered = TRUE, levels = c("slow", "fast", "insane"))
>
> # factor_speed_vector
> factor_speed_vector
[1] fast slow slow fast insane
Levels: slow < fast < insane
> summary(factor_speed_vector)
slow fast insane
2 2 1
>
2 5
factor_speed_vector >
[2] factor_speed_vector da2
[5] factor_speed_vector da5
da2 da5 >
factor_speed_vector[n] n
2 > da3 > da4
37
># factor_speed_vector

> factor_speed_vector <- factor(speed_vector, ordered = TRUE, levels = c("slow", "fast", "insane"))
>
> # 2
> da2 <- factor_speed_vector[2]

>
> # 5
> da5 <- factor_speed_vector[5]

>
> # 2 5
> da2 > da5

[1] FALSE
>
Ch5. data frame

...
38
SAS SPSS
># R
> mtcars
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4
Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3
Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4
Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4
Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1
Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2
AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2
Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4
Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1
Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2
Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4
Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6
Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8
39
Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
>
R head()tail()
head() tail()
head(mtcars) mtcars
># mtcars head()
> head(mtcars)
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
>
str()str()
40
32
11
mpg, cyl ...
str()
mtcars str()
># mtcars
> str(mtcars)
'data.frame': 32 obs. of 11 variables:
$ mpg : num 21 21 22.8 21.4 18.7 18.1 14.3 24.4 22.8 19.2 ...
$ cyl : num 6 6 4 6 8 6 8 4 4 6 ...
$ disp: num 160 160 108 258 360 ...
$ hp : num 110 110 93 110 175 105 245 62 95 123 ...
$ drat: num 3.9 3.9 3.85 3.08 3.15 2.76 3.21 3.69 3.92 3.92 ...
$ wt : num 2.62 2.88 2.32 3.21 3.44 ...
$ qsec: num 16.5 17 18.6 19.4 17 ...
$ vs : num 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 ...
$ am : num 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
$ gear: num 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 ...
$ carb: num 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 4 ...
>
(1)
41

TRUE FALSE
Wikipedia 5
name type diameter rotation rings 5
data.frame() 5
data.frame() name type diameter rotation rings
data.frame() planets_df
data.frame() data.frame(planets, type, diameter)
> name <- c("Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune")
> type <- c("Terrestrial planet", "Terrestrial planet", "Terrestrial planet",
"Terrestrial planet", "Gas giant", "Gas giant", "Gas giant", "Gas giant")
> diameter <- c(0.382, 0.949, 1, 0.532, 11.209, 9.449, 4.007, 3.883)
> rotation <- c(58.64, -243.02, 1, 1.03, 0.41, 0.43, -0.72, 0.67)
> rings <- c(FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE)
42
>
> #
> planets_df <- data.frame(name, type, diameter, rotation, rings)

>
(2)
planets_df 8 5
planets_df str(planets_df)
># planets_df
> str(planets_df)
'data.frame': 8 obs. of 5 variables:
$ name : Factor w/ 8 levels "Earth","Jupiter",..: 4 8 1 3 2 6 7 5
$ type : Factor w/ 2 levels "Gas giant","Terrestrial planet": 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
$ diameter: num 0.382 0.949 1 0.532 11.209 ...
$ rotation: num 58.64 -243.02 1 1.03 0.41 ...
$ rings : logi FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE ...
(1)
[ ]
my_df[1,2] my_df
my_df[1:3,2:4] my_df
my_df[1, ]
planets_df
43
planets_df[2,3]
># planets_df
>
> # ()
> planets_df[1, 3]
[1] 0.382
>
> # ()
> planets_df[4, ]
name type diameter rotation rings
4 Mars Terrestrial planet 0.532 1.03 FALSE
>
(2)
type
planets_df[1:3,1]
type
planets_df[1:3,"type"]
planets_df[1:5, ...] 5 ... "diameter"
># planets_df
>
44
> # diameter 5
> planets_df[1:5, "diameter"]

[1] 0.382 0.949 1.000 0.532 11.209
>
(1)
diameter
planets_df[,3]
planets_df[,"diameter"]
planets_df$diameter
$ rings planets_df rings_vector
rings_vector
planets_df$diameter diameter planets_df
rings
># planets_df
>
> # planets_df rings
> rings_vector <- planets_df$rings

>
> # rings_vector
> rings_vector
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
>
45
(2)
...
R Console rings_vector
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
FALSETRUE
rings_vector
[rings_vector, ]
># planets_df rings_vector
>
> #
> planets_df[rings_vector, ]
5 Jupiter Gas giant 11.209 0.41 TRUE
6 Saturn Gas giant 9.449 0.43 TRUE
7 Uranus Gas giant 4.007 -0.72 TRUE
8 Neptune Gas giant 3.883 0.67 TRUE
>
planets_df
46
subset()subset()
subset(my_df, subset = some_condition)
subset() R
rings_vector
subset(planets_df, subset = rings)
planets_df subset()
diameter < 1
># planets_df
>
> # <1
> subset(planets_df, subset = diameter < 1)

1 Mercury Terrestrial planet 0.382 58.64 FALSE
2 Venus Terrestrial planet 0.949 -243.02 FALSE
>
007
R order()
order()
> a <- c(100, 10, 1000)

> order(a)
47
[1] 2 1 3
10 1 100
order(a) a
> a[order(a)]
[1] 10 100 1000
># R Console order Submit Answer
order() diameter
planets_df$diameter (planets_df diameter ) order()
positions
positions planets_df
order(planets_df$diameter) positions
positions planets_df[...] ...
># order() positions
> positions <- order(planets_df$diameter)

>
> # positions planets_df
48
> planets_df[positions, ]
1 Mercury Terrestrial planet 0.382 58.64 FALSE
2 Venus Terrestrial planet 0.949 -243.02 FALSE
3 Earth Terrestrial planet 1.000 1.00 FALSE
8 Neptune Gas giant 3.883 0.67 TRUE
7 Uranus Gas giant 4.007 -0.72 TRUE
6 Saturn Gas giant 9.449 0.43 TRUE
5 Jupiter Gas giant 11.209 0.41 TRUE
>
Ch6. list
(1)
R ;-)
> # Submit Answer
>
49
(2)
# Submit Answer
list()
my_list <- list(comp1, comp2 ...)
list
my_list my_vector my_matrix my_df
list() my_vector my_matrix my_df
># 1 10
> my_vector <- 1:10

>
> # 1 9
> my_matrix <- matrix(1:9, ncol = 3)

>
50
> # mtcars 10
> my_df <- mtcars[1:10,]

>
> #
> my_list <- list(my_vector, my_matrix, my_df)

>
(1)
my_list <- list(name1 = your_comp1,

name2 = your_comp2)
name1 name2
names()
my_list <- list(your_comp1, your_comp2)

names(my_list) <- c("name1", "name2")
my_vector vec my_matrix mat
my_df df
my_list
my_list <- list(vec = my_vector)
51

># 1 10
> my_vector <- 1:10

>
> # 1 9
> my_matrix <- matrix(1:9, ncol = 3)

>
> # mtcars 10
> my_df <- mtcars[1:10,]

>
> # list()
> my_list <- list(vec = my_vector, mat = my_matrix, df = my_df)

>
> # my_list
> my_list
$vec
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
$mat
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 4 7
[2,] 2 5 8
[3,] 3 6 9
$df
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
52
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
>
(2)
"The Shining" mov act rev
R Console
shining_list 3
mov
act
rev
movienameactors reviews)
shining_list <- list(moviename = mov)
act rev
># movact rev
>
> # shining_list
> shining_list <- list(moviename = mov, actors = act, reviews = rev)

>
53

shining_list
shining_list[[1]]
[ ] R Console
[[ ]] $
shining_list[["reviews"]]
shining_list$reviews
shining_list[[2]][1]
actors(shining_list[[2]])([1])R Console
shining_list
$actors
shining_list$actors[3]
># shining_list
>
> #
54
> shining_list$actors
[1] "Jack Nicholson" "Shelley Duvall" "Danny Lloyd" "Scatman Crothers"
[5] "Barry Nelson"
>
> #
> shining_list$actors[2]
[1] "Shelley Duvall"
>
M. McDowell
c()
ext_list <- c(my_list , my_val)
my_list my_val
ext_list <- c(my_list, my_name = my_val)
year = 1980 shining_list
shining_list_full
str() shining_list_full
shining_list <- c(shining_list, ...) ...
# shining_list
55
>
> # c() shining_list
> shining_list_full <- c(shining_list, year = 1980)

>
> # shining_list_full
> str(shining_list_full)
List of 4
$ moviename: chr "The Shining"
$ actors : chr [1:5] "Jack Nicholson" "Shelley Duvall" "Danny Lloyd" "Scatman Crothers" ...
$ reviews :'data.frame': 3 obs. of 3 variables:
..$ scores : num [1:3] 4.5 4 5
..$ sources : Factor w/ 3 levels "IMDb1","IMDb2",..: 1 2 3
..$ comments: Factor w/ 3 levels "A masterpiece of psychological horror",..: 3 2 1
$ year : num 1980
>
56

Datacamp.R Course - in Chinese

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datacamp.

> my_apples <- 5

my_fruit my_apples my_oranges +

># my_apples my_oranges 5 6

> my_apples <- 5

> my_apples + my_oranges

:-) my_apples my_oranges

> my_apples <- 5

> # my_oranges "six" my_oranges

> my_oranges <- 6

> # my_fruit my_apples my_oranges

> my_fruit <- my_apples + my_oranges

my_numeric my_character <- "universe" "universe"

my_character my_logical <- FALSE FALSE my_logical

> my_numeric <- 42

> # "universe" my_character

> my_character <- "universe"

> # FALSE my_logical

> my_logical <- FALSE

> my_numeric <- 42

vegas <- "Go!"

> vegas <- "Go!"

numeric_vector <- c(1, 2, 3)

<- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE) boolean_vector

> numeric_vector <- c(1, 10, 49)

> boolean_vector <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> roulette_vector <- c(-24, -50, 100, -350, 10)

some_vector <- c("John Doe", "poker player")

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> roulette_vector <- c(-24, -50, 100, -350, 10)

> names(poker_vector) <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday")

> names(roulette_vector) <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday")

names(poker_vector) <- days_vector poker_vector

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> roulette_vector <- c(-24, -50, 100, -350, 10)

> days_vector <- c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday")

> # days_vector roulette_vector poker_vector

> names(poker_vector) <- days_vector

+ A_vector B_vector <- total_vector

> A_vector <- c(1, 2, 3)

> # A_vector B_vector

> total_vector <- A_vector + B_vector

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> total_daily <- poker_vector + roulette_vector

total_poker <- sum(poker_vector)

sum() roulette_vector total_week

> total_poker <- sum(poker_vector)

> total_roulette <- sum(roulette_vector)

> total_week <- total_roulette + total_poker

6 > 5 6 5 (TRUE FALSE)

> total_poker <- sum(poker_vector)

> total_poker > total_roulette

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> poker_wednesday <- poker_vector[3]

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> poker_midweek <- poker_vector[c(2, 3, 4)]

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> roulette_selection_vector <- roulette_vector[2:5]

Monday, Tuesday, ...

c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday") poker_vector

> poker_vector <- c(140, -50, 20, -120, 240)

> poker_start <- poker_vector[c("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday")]