Physical growth study of correlation of organs and body growth pediatric anthropology

endocrinology nutrition and dentistry

Field of orthodontics

Behavioral development development of the child and interacts with the environment
Psychology,embryology

Methods of growth and development

1type of data
1. Opinion crudest form of scientific knowledge
2. Not to be acceptable
3. Observation base on the and to step example eyeball and observe others
4. Quantitate measurements science deals with the quantitative minimizes
misunderstanding and permits the testing of hypothesis

Direct data derive from measurement taken on a loving or cadaver

CRANIOMETRY using dry skulls

ANTHROPOMETRY measurement of skeletal

Methods in studying bone and its development

VITAL STAINING belcher 1736 see when the bone started tetracycline
RADIOISOTOPE STUDYING BONE GROWTH
IMPLANTS
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY comparing human skull development with other animals
ROENTGEOGRAPHIC CEPHALOMETRY measure size of the skull determine the
amount of growth and its direction
NATURAL MARKERS done with serial radiograph used bony landmarks

3rd DERIVED DATA acquired comparing 2 measurements

GATHERING DATA
Longitudinal measure made by a same person or groupregilar intervals

Advantages

Variability development among individuals group is put in

Roper perspective

Specific development pattern of individual

Disadvantages

Time
Expense COSTLY
Attrition
Averaging

B. Crossectional study 1 period of time

Advantages
Faster
Less costly
Statistical treatment
Allows repeating Audie's more readily
Used of cadavers

Disadvantages
Obscures individual variation
Study of timing and development can be highly variable

C. Overlapping or semi longitudinal data

Heredity genes determine the amount of growth rate and onset

Nutrition role if the child does not it nutritious food, alteration of tooth reaction, delayed,
eruption has problems dentition becomes malocclusion malnourished
Illness debilitating patients becomes unable todo things
Race racial differences due to climate,nutritional and socioeconomic differences
Adult physique
Socioeconomic factors associated with nutrition
Family size and births order size of family of maturation
Secular trends trend of timed
Psychological disturbances stressful condition catch up growth
Exercise and climate change

Pattern, variability and timing

PATERN sets of constraine or process of organism certain pattern

Effect heredity and environmental factors

Applications of ortho
Pattern

Vertical growth pattern the face or bone grows technically

Aspects of normal growth pattern

1. Proportion body follow pattern over time
2. Differential growth rate
Organs does not actually develop mot all organs
3. Predictability pattern of growth when certain pattern at a certain time you can predict

Variability not everyone is the same

A concept or normality
A. Statistical central tendency of a group people
MEAN
MEDIAN
MODE

EVOLUTIONARY adaptation
FUNTIONAL spestablish homeostatic with the environment for survival
CLINICAL

AGE EQUIVALENCE
SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIABILITY something ther is abnormal
TIMING genetic but altered by the environment