Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Avelino, Anne Loraine L., Galang, Vincent N., Jacinto, Syre Aires Destiny V.,
Naoz, Allona Jane M.
College of Engineering
School of Technology
First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities
ABSTRACT This paper is about calculations of the II. CIRCUIT DESIGN AND DISCUSSION
responses of a linear circuit to sinusoidal voltages using
phasors, its conversion and measurement of time delays and The circuit schematics given for the simulation is shown
in Figure 2.
the role of the capacitors and inductors impedances in phase
Figure 2: Series RLC Circuit
shifts.
Phase Shift Conversions
I. INTRODUCTION
In converting phase shift, from frequency to
If a circuit contains sources of (co)sinusoidal voltages and (rad/sec), use the formula:
currents, as well as resistors, inductors, capacitors, op amps,
and other linear elements, then under certain conditions
apply the extended form of Ohms law V = I Z to inductors The dashed line in Figure 1 shows the output
and capacitors. In other words, instead of resistance R (in the
usual form of Ohms law), we can write impedance Z and use
linear algebraic equations instead of differential equations.
To make this great simplification of circuit analysis
legitimate, require that: (1) all sources must be sinusoidal, at
the same frequency (2) all circuit elements must be linear,
and (3) the circuit should have reached its sinusoidal steady-
state condition.
= 2 ft
To find the angle (rad), convert the angle (deg) to angle
(rad) by multiplying it to .
RLC Simulation
Figure 3
Figure 2.2 Series RLC Circuit with frequency equal to 1.6 KHz
In the given circuit, discussed above, a frequency of
RLC Computation 100 Hz was first used to simulate and measure the voltages of
the components and their time shifts with respect to the input
Using Kirchhoffs voltage law, the equation will be: voltage. Shown in Figure 3 was the phasor of Vin and the
-Vin + VR + VL + VC = 0 capacitor, and below it reveals the value of the voltage across
the capacitor as well as their time shift. Figure 3.1 is a close
VR= IR up view of the results, giving us the value of the time shift,
VL= IZL which is 842.105s, and the voltage across the capacitor,
VC= IZC 432.062mV.
Figure 5.1
Figure 4
Figure 4.1
Figure 6.1
Figure 8.1
Figure 7 shows the phasor of the input voltage and To compare and summarize their point difference, Table
the voltage across the resistor. It is clearly shown that their 1, with a 100Hz frequency, and Table 2, with 1.6kHz
waves are in phase and with a little time, their waves are frequency, is presented below.
overlapping each other, almost equal.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Figure 8
Calculating the values of the voltage across different
components and their time shifts is never easy. When
simulated, it proves if the computations of the values are function (voltage gain, transimpedance, etc). The ac analysis
correct. I can conclude that in terms of the input voltage and can be combined with a dc sweep so that ac analysis is
voltage across a resistor, as you increase the input frequency, performed at each point over a range of bias conditions.
their phasors or waves becomes more in-phase and
sometimes equal. In capacitors, as you increase the input Allona Jane M. Naoz
frequency, their waves little by little becomes delay or it lags
the input voltage, which is the opposite of the inductor. When
the frequency is increased, the phasor across the inductor gets
REFERENCES
higher and at the same time, it leads the input voltage. Also,
as you increase the input frequency of the circuit, their time [1] http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/ac-network-analysis/
shifts gets smaller and smaller that sometimes, their values [2] http://www.wrcad.com/manual/wrsmanual/node5.html
are almost negligible.
Vincent N. Galang