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EJEMPLO 1
Puente para vehculos livianos de un solo carril:
0,8
0,15
0,9m
0,2
1m 1m 1m 1m
50k/m
0,15
Calculo de cargas :
Pk(Tn/ m) g(Tn/m)
12 m
= 2,5(0,15 4) + (0.20) 0.75 = 2.25
= 1 4 = 4
= 0.05
= 2(0.05) = 0.10
br=2 m
h=0,15m
Md
h=0,9m
bw=0,2m
20 2(12)
= =12
20.20
0.15
= = 0.17
0.40
0 12
= = 60
0.20
Entonces X tabla = 1
= ( ) +
= 2
Por lo tanto =
Como:
be Md
A2 = 2
= 0.15
A1 = 0.90
= 0.20
qd=10.09
2
Md=q`d* 8
10.09
` = = ` = 5.045
2 2
Remplazamos en md:
5.045 + 122
= = 90.81
8
Adoptamos 1 = 2 = 4
= 1 = 90 4 = 86
= 280.245
0 (1)
y hf
= 90
= = 200
Md
b
= 90.81
1 = 2 = 4 = 86
90.91
= =
2 0.862 1400
2
= 0.0438
0.319 2 2 = 0
14.3 1 =?
1
1 = 1 + ( 1 )
2 1 2
0.0438 0.0400
1 = 0.0415 + (0.0500 0.0415) = 0.0457
0.0500 0.0400
Calculo de armaduras:
= 1
140
= 0.0457 200 86 = 0.04572
4348
2
{ }
= 2
Md
A1
0,2
0.20
2048
= 3
= 2.666
Analizando en otro tramo
ly
lx
1m
1,52
0.05
Md
= 10
= 15
1 = 2 = 3
1
= 1 1 =
= 1,4(0,05) = 0,07
Calculo de reacciones
qd=2.225 qd=0.07t
n/m
R R
2 2,225 4 2(0,07) = 0
= 4,52
Md=(q*l2/2)+
qd*l
Q*L2/8
= +
2,225 12
= + 0,07 1 = 1,1825
2
2 2,225 12
= = = 1,11285
2 8
Diseamos las armaduras para el momento
0.05
Md
1,1825
= =
2 1 0,122 (1400)
= ,
,
14.3
= ,
= = ,
= ,
, = = /
,
108c/21
EJERCICIO 2
10 10
20m
2m
0,1
0,15
0,45
0,7m
0,15
0,15
4m
Pk=1.5tn/m
Datos :
= 210
2
= 500
2
0 0 = 2.5
= 70
= 15
= 200 ( )
1 = 2 = 10%
Calculo de cargas:
3 5 5 3
8 8 8 8
3 3
= (7.0852) 10 = 26.569
8 8
5 5
= (7.0852) 10 = 88.5625
4 4
3 3
= (7.0852) 10 = 26.569
8 8
qd=7.085tn/m () = 26.569() 7.085 2
7.085
() = 26.569() 2
2
() = 26.569() 3.54 2
()
= 26.569 7.08 = 0
26.569 x
26.569
= = 3.75
7.08
Calculamos los momentos (+) y (-):
() 2
Momento (-) = 8
() 102
= 7.085 = 88.56
8
= 1
1 = 0.10(70) = 7
= 70 7 = 63
(+)
Diseo para el momento mximo positivo ( ) :
b= 2
0,1
hf=
0.15 =bw
(+) = 49.85
= 63
210
= = 140 2
1.5
5000
= = 4348 2
1.15
Calculo de ancho efectivo: (be)
10
= = 0.14
70
0 150
= = 50
15
20 2(750)
= = 8.1
200 15
= 0.96
= ( ) +
0 = 0.85 ( )
2
10
0 = 0.85 140 192.6 10 (63 ) = 13293252
2
0 = 132.93
Como: 0
Md
be= 2
0,7
0.15 =bw
=
2
49.85
= = 0.0465
1.926 0.632 1400
0.319 2 2 0
14.3 1 =?
1
1 = 1 + ( 1 )
2 1 2
0.0465 0.0400
1 = 0.0415 + (0.0522 0.0415) = 0.04845
0.0500 0.0400
Calculo de armaduras:
= 1
140
= 0.04845 192.6 63 = 18.9292
4348
2 = = 1
140
2 = = 0.04 192.6 65 = 15.632
4348
1 = 18.932 620
2 = 15.632 520
be= 2
0,7
0.15 =bw
0,2
hf
Md
=
2
88.56
= = 0.0827
1.926 0.632 1400
0.319 1 =
1
1 = 1 + ( 1 )
2 1 2
0.0827 0.0800
1 = 0.0849 + (0.0945 0.0849) = 0.08952
0.0826 0.0800
Calculo de armaduras:
= 1
140
= 0.089452 192.6 63 = 34.972
4348
2 = 1
140
2 = = 0.64 192.6 65 = 12.332
4348
1 = 34.972 1220
2 = 12.332 1212
Detalle de la armadura :
5 0 20
5 0 20
A2
A1
6 0 20 6 0 20
Ejercio 3
DISEO DE VIGA T :
20m 20m
0,1m
0,2m
1,2m
0,2m
0,15m
1m 1m
1m
Pk=400kg/c
m2
3m
Datos :
= 210
2
= 500
2
0 0 = 2.5
= 120
1 = 2 = 6
= 20
= 10
Calculo de cargas :
pk
gk
= 2.5(3 0.10 + 1 0.15 + 2 0.20 0.95) = 2.075
= 0.4 2
3 = 1.2
2.075
` = = 1.0375
2
1.2
` = = 0.6
2
= 1.4(` ) 1.7(` )
= 1.4(1.0375) 1.7(0.6) = 2.47
= 2.47
L=20cm
9 9
(+) = 128 2 = 128 (2 2.47) 202
(+) = 69.47.
qd=2.47tn/m () = 18.525() 2.47 2
2.47
() = 18.525() 2
2
3 18.5252
= 18.525 = = 15
8 1.235
0 = = 15 1500
br=1.5cm
hf
h = 20
= 10
= 120
bw 1 = 1.5
0 = 1500
= 150
10
= = 0.08
120
0 1500
= = 75
15
20 2(7500)
= = 23.08
150 20
= 1
= ( ) +
= +
0 = 0.85 ( )
2
10
0 = 0.85 140 150 10 (114 ) = 1945600
2
0 = 194.57
< 0 (1)
Md
=
2
69,47
= = 0.0255
1.5 1.142 1400
lim(0.319) 1 =
= 0.04
Calculo de armaduras:
1 = 1
140
1 = 0.04 150 114 = 22.022
4348
1 = 22.022 ( 720 ) *2
2
{
6
= 2}
5
3``
max = 4
= 1.91
14020
1,2
ql2/8
15m
10m
1m 1m
1m
Md
= 100
= 15
= 120
= 20
0 = 10m = 1000cm
15
= = 0.125
120
0 1000
= = 50
15
20 2(1000)
= = 25
100 20
= 1
= ( ) +
= 1 (100 15) + 15
= 120
0 = 0.85 ( )
2
15
0 = 0.85 140 120 15 (114 ) = 228.12
2
0 = 228.12
= 0.85 [0.375 2 + ( ) ( )]
2
15
= 0.85 140 [0.375 20 1142 + (120 20) 15 (114 )]
2
= 306.09 .
0 < (2)
Md
0.85 [. + ( ) ] 1 = 0
{
0.85 [. ( ) + ( ) ( )] = 0
2 2
0.15
247 0.85 1400 [0.20 (1.14 ) + (1.2 0.20) 0.15 (1.14 )] = 0
2 2
247 1190[0.228 0.10 2 + 0.16] = 0
247 271.32 + 119 2 1902.4 = 0
119 2 271.32 + 56.6 = 0
= 0.23
= 23
0 <
< 3
y3lim=0.5d
y3 lim=0.5*114
y3lim=57
15 < 57
Calculo de armaduras:
1 = 0.85 [. + ( ) ]
140
1 = 0.85 [20 23 + (120 20) 15]
4348
1 = 53.642
1 = 53.642 120 = 3.142
1720
2,2
17020
Md
EJERCICIO 4
Datos:
= 210
2
= 500
2
= 80
1 = 2 = 10%
Calculo de cargas :
0.15 0.10
= 2.5 [(2.40 0.12) + (0.15 0.6) + (0.53 0.20) + 2 ( )] = 1.25
2
1 = 0.4 2.40 = 0.96
2 = 0,05 2 = 0.1
= () + ()
= 1.25 + 0.96 + 0.1 = 2,31
() = 12,994() 2,31 2
2,31
() = 12,994() 2
2
() = 12,994() 1,15 2
() = 0 =?
0 = 12,994() 1,15 2
= 11,29
0=302(11,29)=7,42
= 64,97
= 1
= 80 0.10(80)
= 72
15
= = 0.18
80
0 7.42
= = 37.1
20
20 2(7.42)
= = 37.1
60 20
= 1
= ( ) +
= 1 (60 20) + 20
= 60cm
0 = 0.85 ( )
2
15
0 = 0.85 140 60 15 (72 )
2
0 = 6907950/ 69.08/
15
= 0.85 140 [0.375 20 722 + (60 20) 15 (72 )]
2
= 92,32
> 4
1 0 ; 2 0
Calculo de armaduras:
103,952 92.32
1 = =
( 2) 4348(72 8)
1 = 4,182 412
1 = 2 + 0.85 [. + ( ) ]
140
1 = 40,18 + 0.85 [20 0.5(72) + (60 20) 15]
4348