EJERCICIOS DE VIGA T (flexion simple)

EJEMPLO 1
Puente para vehculos livianos de un solo carril:
0,8
0,15

0,9m
0,2

1m 1m 1m 1m

50k/m
0,15

Calculo de cargas :
 Pk(Tn/ m) g(Tn/m)

12 m

= 2,5(0,15 4) + (0.20) 0.75 = 2.25


= 1 4 = 4

Peso del voladizo:

= 0.05

= 2(0.05) = 0.10

= 1.4(2.25) + 1.7(4) + 1.4(0.10)

= 10.09

Calculo de ancho efectivo de la placa:

br=2 m

h=0,15m
Md
h=0,9m

bw=0,2m
 20 2(12)
= =12
20.20

0.15
= = 0.17
0.40

0 12
= = 60
0.20

Entonces X tabla = 1

= ( ) +

= 1(2 0.20) + 0.20

= 2

Por lo tanto =

Como:

be Md

A2 = 2

= 0.15

A1 = 0.90

= 0.20

qd=10.09

2
Md=q`d* 8

10.09
` = = ` = 5.045
2 2
 Remplazamos en md:

5.045 + 122
= = 90.81
8

Calculo para cubicar el eje neutro:

Ecuaciones generales de flexin simple para el D2 y D3

0 = 0.85 ( ) ecu. (1)
2

= 0.85 [0.375 2 + ( ) ( )].ecu.(2)
2

Adoptamos 1 = 2 = 4
= 1 = 90 4 = 86

Remplazamos en la ecuacin (1):

15
0 = 0.85 140 200 15 (86 )
2

= 28024500
2

= 280.245

0 (1)

Por lo tanto: diseamos como una viga seccin rectangular.

y hf

= 90
= = 200

Md

b
= 90.81
 1 = 2 = 4 = 86

90.91
= =
2 0.862 1400
2

= 0.0438

0.319 2 2 = 0

14.3 1 =?
1
1 = 1 + ( 1 )
2 1 2

0.0438 0.0400
1 = 0.0415 + (0.0500 0.0415) = 0.0457
0.0500 0.0400
Calculo de armaduras:

= 1

140
= 0.0457 200 86 = 0.04572
4348

2
{ }
= 2

Md

A1
0,2
0.20

2048
= 3
= 2.666
Analizando en otro tramo

ly

lx

1m
1,52

0.05

Md

= 10

= 15

1 = 2 = 3

= 2,5 (1) (0,15) = 0,375

1
= 1 1 =

= 1,4(0,05) = 0,07

Calculo de reacciones
 qd=2.225 qd=0.07t
n/m

R R

2 2,225 4 2(0,07) = 0
= 4,52

Md=(q*l2/2)+
qd*l
Q*L2/8

= +

2,225 12
= + 0,07 1 = 1,1825
2
2 2,225 12
= = = 1,11285
2 8
Diseamos las armaduras para el momento

0.05

Md

1,1825
= =
2 1 0,122 (1400)

= ,

,
 14.3

= ,

= = ,

= ,

, = = /
,

108c/21

EJERCICIO 2

Tomando en cuenta el peso propio de la estructura efectuar el diseo de las armaduras

longitudinales de las placas que se muestra en la siguiente figura. El diseo debe efectuarse para el
momento flector mximo positivo y negativo

10 10
20m
 2m
0,1

0,15
0,45

0,7m
0,15
0,15

4m

Pk=1.5tn/m

Datos :

= 210
2

= 500
2
0 0 = 2.5

= 70

= 15

= 200 ( )

1 = 2 = 10%

Calculo de cargas:

Carga para un nervio.


= 2.5(2 0.10 + 0.15 2 + 0.15 0.45) = 1.418


= 1.5


= 1.418 1.4 + 1.5 1.7 = 4.535

qd=7.0852

3 5 5 3

8 8 8 8

3 3
= (7.0852) 10 = 26.569
8 8

5 5
= (7.0852) 10 = 88.5625
4 4

3 3
= (7.0852) 10 = 26.569
8 8

qd=7.085tn/m () = 26.569() 7.085 2

7.085
() = 26.569() 2
2

() = 26.569() 3.54 2
()
= 26.569 7.08 = 0

26.569 x
26.569
= = 3.75
7.08
 Calculamos los momentos (+) y (-):

Momento (+) () = 26.569 3.54 2

() = 26.569(3.75) 3.54 (3.75)2 = 49.85

() 2
Momento (-) = 8
() 102
= 7.085 = 88.56
8

= 1
1 = 0.10(70) = 7
= 70 7 = 63

(+)
Diseo para el momento mximo positivo ( ) :

b= 2
0,1

hf=

0.15 =bw

(+) = 49.85
= 63
210
= = 140 2
1.5

5000
= = 4348 2
1.15
 Calculo de ancho efectivo: (be)

10
= = 0.14
70
0 150
= = 50
15
20 2(750)
= = 8.1
200 15

= 0.96

= ( ) +

= 0.96 (200 15) + 15 = 192.6

Calculamos ecuacin general Mdo:

0 = 0.85 ( )
2
10
0 = 0.85 140 192.6 10 (63 ) = 13293252
2

0 = 132.93

Como: 0

Md
be= 2
0,7

0.15 =bw

=
2

49.85
= = 0.0465
1.926 0.632 1400
 0.319 2 2 0

14.3 1 =?
1
1 = 1 + ( 1 )
2 1 2

0.0465 0.0400
1 = 0.0415 + (0.0522 0.0415) = 0.04845
0.0500 0.0400

Calculo de armaduras:

= 1

140
= 0.04845 192.6 63 = 18.9292
4348

2 = = 1

140
2 = = 0.04 192.6 65 = 15.632
4348

1 = 18.932 620

2 = 15.632 520

Diseo de A para el momento (-):

be= 2
0,7

0.15 =bw
0,2

hf

Md

=
2

88.56
= = 0.0827
1.926 0.632 1400
0.319 1 =
1
1 = 1 + ( 1 )
2 1 2

0.0827 0.0800
1 = 0.0849 + (0.0945 0.0849) = 0.08952
0.0826 0.0800

Calculo de armaduras:

= 1

140
= 0.089452 192.6 63 = 34.972
4348

2 = 1

140
2 = = 0.64 192.6 65 = 12.332
4348

1 = 34.972 1220

2 = 12.332 1212

Detalle de la armadura :
 5 0 20
5 0 20
A2

A1
6 0 20 6 0 20

Ejercio 3
DISEO DE VIGA T :

CALCULAR LAS ARMADURAS DEL PUENTE PEATONAL

20m 20m
 0,1m
0,2m
1,2m

0,2m

0,15m

1m 1m
1m

Pk=400kg/c
m2

3m

Datos :

= 210
2

= 500
2
0 0 = 2.5

= 120
 1 = 2 = 6

= 20

= 10

Calculo de cargas :
pk

gk

= 2.5(3 0.10 + 1 0.15 + 2 0.20 0.95) = 2.075


= 0.4 2
3 = 1.2

2.075
` = = 1.0375
2
1.2
` = = 0.6
2

= 1.4(` ) 1.7(` )

= 1.4(1.0375) 1.7(0.6) = 2.47

Calculo de momento (+):

= 2.47

 L=20cm

9 9
(+) = 128 2 = 128 (2 2.47) 202

(+) = 69.47.

qd=2.47tn/m () = 18.525() 2.47 2

2.47
() = 18.525() 2
2

L=20cm () = 26.569() 1.235 2

()
x = 26.569 1.235 = 0

3 18.5252
= 18.525 = = 15
8 1.235

0 = = 15 1500

Calculo de ancho efectivo:

br=1.5cm

hf

h = 20
 = 10

= 120

bw 1 = 1.5

0 = 1500

= 150

10
= = 0.08
120

0 1500
= = 75
15
20 2(7500)
= = 23.08
150 20

= 1

= ( ) +

= +

Calculamos ecuacin general Mdo:

0 = 0.85 ( )
2
10
0 = 0.85 140 150 10 (114 ) = 1945600
2

0 = 194.57

< 0 (1)

Md


=
2

69,47
= = 0.0255
1.5 1.142 1400

lim(0.319) 1 =

= 0.04

Calculo de armaduras:

1 = 1

140
1 = 0.04 150 114 = 22.022
4348

1 = 22.022 ( 720 ) *2

2
{
6
= 2}

5
3``
max = 4
= 1.91
 14020
1,2

DISEAMOS PARA MOMENTO MAXIMO NEGATIVO :

ql2/8

15m

10m

Calculo de ancho efectivo:

 3m

1m 1m
1m
Md

= 100

= 15

= 120

= 20

0 = 10m = 1000cm

15
= = 0.125
120
0 1000
= = 50
15
20 2(1000)
= = 25
100 20
= 1

= ( ) +

= 1 (100 15) + 15

= 120

Calculamos ecuacin general Mdo:

0 = 0.85 ( )
2
 15
0 = 0.85 140 120 15 (114 ) = 228.12
2

0 = 228.12


= 0.85 [0.375 2 + ( ) ( )]
2
15
= 0.85 140 [0.375 20 1142 + (120 20) 15 (114 )]
2

= 306.09 .

0 < (2)

Md

0.85 [. + ( ) ] 1 = 0
{
0.85 [. ( ) + ( ) ( )] = 0
2 2

0.15
247 0.85 1400 [0.20 (1.14 ) + (1.2 0.20) 0.15 (1.14 )] = 0
2 2
247 1190[0.228 0.10 2 + 0.16] = 0
247 271.32 + 119 2 1902.4 = 0
119 2 271.32 + 56.6 = 0

271.32 271.322 4(1.19)(56.6) += 2.05

= ={
2 119 = 0.23

= 0.23
= 23
 0 <
< 3
y3lim=0.5d
y3 lim=0.5*114
y3lim=57
15 < 57

Calculo de armaduras:

1 = 0.85 [. + ( ) ]

140
1 = 0.85 [20 23 + (120 20) 15]
4348

1 = 53.642
1 = 53.642 120 = 3.142

1720

2,2

17020

Md
 EJERCICIO 4

TOMANDO EN CUENTA EL PESO PROPIODE LA ESTRUCTURA, EFECTUAR EL DICEO DE LAS

ARMADURAS LONGITUDINALES DEL NERVIO Y LA PLACA DE LA VIGA DE SECCION (T) QUE SE
MUESTRA EN LA FIGURA.

EL MOMENTO DEBE EFECTUARSE PRA EL MOMENTO FLECTOR B.

Datos:

= 210
2

= 500
2

= 80

1 = 2 = 10%

Calculo de cargas :

0.15 0.10
= 2.5 [(2.40 0.12) + (0.15 0.6) + (0.53 0.20) + 2 ( )] = 1.25
2

1 = 0.4 2.40 = 0.96


2 = 0,05 2 = 0.1

= () + ()

= 1.25 + 0.96 + 0.1 = 2,31

() = 12,994() 2,31 2

2,31
() = 12,994() 2
2

() = 12,994() 1,15 2

() = 0 =?

0 = 12,994() 1,15 2

= 11,29

0=302(11,29)=7,42

= 64,97

Diseamos la armadura en el momento mximo del apoyo M(+)

= 1

= 80 0.10(80)

= 72

Calculo de ancho efectivo:

15
= = 0.18
80
0 7.42
= = 37.1
20
 20 2(7.42)
= = 37.1
60 20

= 1

= ( ) +

= 1 (60 20) + 20

= 60cm

Calculamos ecuacin general Mdo:

0 = 0.85 ( )
2
15
0 = 0.85 140 60 15 (72 )
2

0 = 6907950/ 69.08/

= 1.6 = 1,6 64,97 103,952

= 0.85 [0.375 2 + ( ) ( )]ecu
2

15
= 0.85 140 [0.375 20 722 + (60 20) 15 (72 )]
2

= 92,32

> 4

1 0 ; 2 0

Calculo de armaduras:
103,952 92.32
1 = =
( 2) 4348(72 8)

1 = 4,182 412

1 = 2 + 0.85 [. + ( ) ]

 140
1 = 40,18 + 0.85 [20 0.5(72) + (60 20) 15]
4348

1 = 40,182 212 + 1916