CAE TEST 1 VOCABULARY

opt /pt/ / pt/ verb [ I ]

to make a choice, especially for one thing or possibility in preference to any others
Mike opted for early retirement.
[ + to infinitive ] Most people opt to have the operation.
intake / n.te k/ noun BREATH
1. [ C ] an act of taking in something, especially breath
I heard a sharp intake of breath behind me.
body / bd.i/ / b .di/ noun AMOUNT
9. [ C ] a large amount of something
There is a growing body of evidence to support their claim.
She collected a huge body of information on the subject.
A substantial body of opinion (= A large group of people with the same opinion) is
opposed to any change.
10. [ C ] FORMAL A body of water is a large area of water, such as a lake.
actual / k.t u.l/ , /-tju-/ , /-t l/ adjective [ before noun ]

1. real; existing in fact

We had estimated about 300 visitors, but the actual number was much higher.
The exams are in July, but the actual results (= the results themselves) don't appear until
September.
2. in actual fact
really
I thought she was Portuguese, but in actual fact she's Brazilian.
in short
used before describing something or someone in as few words and as directly as possible
He's disorganized, inefficient, never there when you want him - in short, the man's
hopeless.

USE OF ENGLISH
PART 1

TAKE it easy/ REVEALS a new survey / have no such IMPACT on men/ alcohol
CONSUMPTION is reduced/ causes people to OPT for/ including their vegetable INTAKE/
our FINDINGS are disturbing/ An owerwhelming BODY of evidence / a balanced diet in
TERMS of reducing the risk/

PART 2
EACH/EVERY breath you take/ In FACT/SHORT, positive breathing../ thats
EXACTLY/PRECISELY why its easy/ as well as we SHOULD/COULD/
GETTING/DOING it right can bring/ SOME physical symptoms such as/but its
ACTUALLY/REALLY the carbon/ youre missing out ON

PART 3

WORD TRANSFORMATION

Signify Significantly/ Vary- Variation / Increase Increasingly/ Find Findings /

Absorb Absorption/ Measure Measurements/ World Worldwide / Believe Unbelievable /
Problem Problematic

PART 4

1. Paul tends to play his music loudly when hes not feeling very happy.

HABIT

Paul is in the habit of playing his music loudly when he is not feeling very happy.

2. They could easily win the game.

CHANCE

They have every/ a good chance of winning the game.

3. Of course I did not agree to lend them the money.

SAYING

It goes without saying that I did not agree to lend them the money.

4.Did anything about his behaviour seem unusual to you?

STRIKE

Did anything about his behaviour strike you as unusual?

5.I can barely cook a meal for myself, so I certainly couldnt cook for eight people.

ALONE

I would struggle to cook for myself, let alone for eight people.

6. The reporter said that the blast was so forceful that the car was blown right across the street.
SUCH

According to the reporter such was the force of the blast, that the car was blown right across the
street.

VOCABULARY FROM READING EXTRACTS

mugging / mg. / noun [ C or U ]

an act of attacking someone and stealing their money
Police are concerned that mugging is on the increase.
rampant / rm.p nt/ adjective INCREASING , ,
( C, .)
1. (of something bad) getting worse quickly and in an uncontrolled way
rampant corruption
Rampant inflation means that our wage increases soon become worth nothing.
He said that he had encountered rampant prejudice in his attempts to get a job.
Disease is rampant in the overcrowded city.
raid /re d/ verb [ T ] , , ,
1. to attack a place suddenly
The nomads raided the enemy camp and captured over 100 camels.
2. to enter a place illegally and usually violently, and steal from it
The post office was raided late at night.
3. (of the police) to enter a place suddenly in order to find someone or something
Police officers from the organized crime branch have raided solicitors' offices in central
London.
4. INFORMAL to take something from a place, usually secretly
I caught Toby raiding the fridge .
modus operandi / m.ds p. rn.di / / mo.ds o.p r n.di/ noun [ S ]
FORMAL
a particular way of doing something
impersonate / m p .s n.e t/ /- p -/ verb [ T ] ,
2. . // ,
1. to intentionally copy another person's characteristics, such as their behaviour, speech,
appearance or expressions, especially to make people laugh
She's the woman who impersonates the Queen on TV.
2. to attempt to deceive someone by pretending that you are another person
He was fined for impersonating a police officer.
rectitude / rek.t .tju d/ /-t.tu d/ noun [ U ] FORMAL , ,

honesty and correct moral behaviour

An austere man of unquestioned moral rectitude, Nava inspired deep devotion in those
who worked for him.
spree /spri / noun [ C ] , /
a short period of doing a particular, usually enjoyable, activity much more than is usual
I went on a drinking/shopping/spending spree on Saturday.
Twenty people were shot dead in the city making it the worst killing spree since the riots.

vigilance / v d. .ln t s/ noun [ U ]

 more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger
The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was
discovered before it could spread.
agog / gg/ /- g g/ adjective [ after verb ] ,
excited; eager to know or see more
We waited agog for news.
gulp /glp/ verb
1. [ I or T ] to eat or drink food or liquid quickly by swallowing it in large amounts, or to
make a swallowing movement because of fear, surprise or excitement
She gulped down her drink and made a hasty exit.
When it was his turn to dive, he gulped and stepped up onto the diving board.
2. [ T ] to breathe in a large amount of air very quickly
pictorial /p k t .ri.l/ /- t r.i-/ adjective
shown in the form of a picture or photograph
The exhibition is a pictorial history/record of the town in the 19th century.
radiate / re .di.e t/ verb EXPRESS
2. [ I or T ] to show an emotion or quality, or (of an emotion or quality) to be shown or felt
He was radiating joy and happiness.
Enthusiasm was radiating from her.
radiate / re .di.e t/ verb PRODUCE HEAT/LIGHT
1. [ I or T ] to produce heat and/or light, or (of heat or light) to be produced
The planet Jupiter radiates twice as much heat from inside as it receives from the Sun.
A single beam of light radiated from the lighthouse.
celestial /s les.ti. l/ /-t l/ adjective FORMAL , ,
/, ,
of or from the sky or outside this world
The moon is a celestial body.
foreground / f .grand/ / f r-/ noun [ S ] ( ), in the foreground

the foreground
a. the people, objects, countryside, etc. in a picture or photograph that seem nearest to
you and form its main part
In the foreground of the painting is a horse and cart.
Compare background
b. the area of most importance and activity, or which people pay attention to
Historically, issues of this kind have not occupied the foreground of political debate.

stupendous /stju pen.ds/ /stu -/ adjective , ,

very surprising, usually in a pleasing way, especially by being large in amount or size
He ran up stupendous debts through his extravagant lifestyle.
Stupendous news! We've won 500 000!

brush /br / noun TOUCH

4. [ C usually singular ] a quick light touch
He felt the brush of her hand on his.
5. a brush with sth
 when you experience something, or almost experience something, especially something
unpleasant
Jim had a brush with death (= was nearly killed) on the motorway.
Was that your first brush with the law (= experience of being in trouble with the police) ?
commune / km.ju n/ / k .mju n/ verb [ I ] FORMAL
(WITH )
to get very close to someone or something by exchanging feelings or thoughts
Lying naked in the grass, among the trees and birds, he felt he had communed with
nature.
ravishing / rv. . / adjective LITERARY ,
very beautiful
She looked ravishing/She was a ravishing sight in her wedding dress.
succinct /sk s kt/ adjective APPROVING , , ( )
said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words
Keep your letter succinct and to the point.
stellar / stel. r / /-/ adjective
1. of a star or stars
a stellar explosion
stellar light
2. INFORMAL describes people or their activities that are of an extremely high standard
a stellar performance/player/team
pivotal / p v..t l/ /-t l/ adjective , , ,
central and important
a pivotal figure/role/idea
dispel /d spel/ verb [ T ] -ll-
to remove fears, doubts and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary
I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading recently.
insouciance / n su .si.n t s/ noun [ U ] LITERARY
a relaxed and happy way of acting without feeling worred or guilty
I admired his youthful insouciance.
insouciant / n su .si.nt/ adjective
first and foremost
more than anything else
In spite of being elected to office, she remains first and foremost a writer.
prodigious /pr d d.s/ adjective FORMAL ,
extremely great in ability, amount or strength
She wrote a truly prodigious number of novels.
She was a prodigious musician.
He had a prodigious appetite for both women and drink.
sinuous / s n.ju.s/ adjective LITERARY ,
2. ,
moving in a twisting, curving or indirect way, or having many curves
He enjoyed watching the sinuous bodies of the dancers.
The walkers followed the sinuous path through the trees.
subtle / st.l / / st -/ adjective APPROVING , , , ,
1. not loud, bright, noticeable or obvious in any way
The room was painted a subtle shade of pink.
The play's message is perhaps too subtle to be understood by young children.
2. small but important
There is a subtle difference between these two plans.
 3. achieved in a quiet way which does not attract attention to itself and which is therefore
good or clever
a subtle plan/suggestion
subtle questions
abut / bt/ verb [ T never passive I + prep ] -tt- FORMAL , (. UPON)
2. (AGAINST O)
If a building or area of land abuts on something, it is next to it or touches it on one side
Mexico abuts (on) some of the richest parts of the United States.
Their house abutted (onto) the police station.
audacious / de . s/ / -/ adjective
2. ,
showing a willingness to take risks or offend people
He described the plan as ambitious and audacious.
an audacious remark/suggestion
quake /kwe k/ noun [ C ]
INFORMAL FOR earthquake
fault /flt/ /f lt/ noun CRACK
7. [ C ] SPECIALIZED a crack in the Earth's surface where the rock has divided into two parts
which move against each other
Surveyors say the fault line is capable of generating a major earthquake once in a
hundred years.
endure / n dj r / /- dr/ verb EXPERIENCE , , ,
/, ,
1. [ T ] to suffer something difficult, unpleasant or painful
We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
She's already had to endure three painful operations on her leg.
prone /prn/ /pron/ adjective TENDING
1. be prone to sth/do sth
likely to suffer from an illness or show a particular negative characteristic
I've always been prone to headaches.
He was prone to depressions even as a teenager.
She's prone to exaggerate, that's for sure.
brave /bre v/ verb [ T ]
to deal with an unpleasant or difficult situation
Shall we brave the snow and go for a walk (= go for a walk although it is snowing) ?
LITERARY She braved the wrath of her parents by refusing to marry the man they had
chosen.
strain /stre n/ noun PRESSURE
1. [ C usually singular or U ] a force or influence that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on
something, sometimes causing damage
The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.
As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart.
Their constant arguments were putting a strain on their marriage.
The recent decline in the dollar has put a bigger strain on the economic system.
Migration into the cities is putting a strain on already stretched resources.
2. [ C ] an injury to a muscle or similar soft part of the body caused by using that part too
much
a groin/hamstring strain
See also eyestrain
3. [ C or U ] when you feel nervous and worried about something
She's a lot better than she was but she's still not ready to face the stresses and strains of
a job.
 He's been under a lot of strain recently.
whisk /w sk/ verb REMOVE
1. [ T usually + adverb or preposition ] to take something or someone somewhere else
suddenly and quickly
Our coffees were whisked away before we'd even finished them.
We only had half an hour to see her before she was whisked off to some exotic location.
Her husband whisked her off to Egypt for her birthday.
mannequin / mn..k n/ noun [ C ]
1. a large model of a human being, used to show clothes in the window of a shop
2. OLD-FASHIONED FOR model (PERSON)
gastronomic / gs.tr nm. k/ /- n .m k/ adjective ( ALSO gastronomical )
relating to the preparation and consumption (= eating) of good food
This dish is a gastronomic delight.

VOCABULARY FROM LISTENING PART

touch-and-go / tt .n g/ adjective INFORMAL

describes a situation which is uncertain
The doctor says that it's touch-and-go whether Mary will be okay.
go over sb's head
to speak to or ask permission from someone who has more authority than the person who
you would normally go to in that situation
Amanda was refusing to give me the week off so I went over her head and spoke to the
boss.
go to sb's head
1. If something goes to someone's head, it makes them think that they are very important
and makes them a less pleasant person
Don't let fame/success go to your head.
2. If alcohol goes to your head, it makes you feel slightly drunk
Champagne always goes straight to my head.
lucrative / lu .kr.t v/ /-t v/ adjective
(especially of a business, job or activity) producing a lot of money
The merger proved to be very lucrative for both companies.
repel /r pel/ verb [ T ] -ll- FORCE AWAY
1. to force something or someone to move away or stop attacking you
This coat has a special surface that repels moisture.
FORMAL The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men.
2. SPECIALIZED to have a magnetic field which pushes away something with a similar
magnetic field
Similar poles of magnets repel each other, and opposite poles attract.

repellent /r pel. nt/ adjective

making you feel strong disapproval and that you do not want to be involved with someone
or something
repellent behaviour/beliefs
I find any cruelty to children utterly repellent.

proximity /prk s m. .ti/ /pr k s m..t i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL

the state of being near in space or time
 The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.
sound /sand/ adjective GOOD JUDGMENT , , ,
2. showing good judgment; able to be trusted
She gave me some very sound advice .
Are these pesticides environmentally sound (= will they not damage the environment) ?
Government bonds are a sound investment .
outstrip / at str p/ verb [ T ] -pp- , ,
,
to be or become greater in amount, degree or success than something or someone
The demand for firewood now far outstrips supply.
vessel / ves. l/ noun [ C ] SHIP
1. FORMAL a large boat or a ship
a cargo/fishing/naval/patrol/sailing/supply vessel
angler / .gl r / /-gl/ noun [ C ]
a person whose hobby is catching fish
What is a rod Licence?
Any angler aged 12 or over, fishing for salmon, trout, freshwater fish, smelt or eel in
England (except the River Tweed), Wales, and the Border Esk (and its tributaries in
Scotland) must have a valid Environment Agency Rod Fishing Licence.
towpath / t.p / / to.p/ noun [ C ]
a path which goes along the side of a river or a canal , and which was used in the past by
horses pulling boats
We walked along the towpath.
keep someone on their toes- to make someone concentrate so that they are ready to
deal with anything that might happen

He keeps changing the rules, just to keep us on our toes.

a twinkle in your eyean expression in your eyes that shows you

are happy or amused a kindly, white-haired old gentleman with a twinkle in his eye

soften the blow (soften the blow/impact/effect)

to make a difficult experience less unpleasant:
I put my arm around her before I gave her the bad news to try to soften the blow

He lost his job, but he has enough money in the bank to soften the blow.
cushion the blow
to make a bad situation less serious
He's lost his job, but the redundancy money will cushion the blow.
cushion / k . n/ verb [ T ]
to make the effect or force of something softer
The soft grass cushioned his fall .
well /wel/ noun [ C ]
well
 a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas
See also stairwell
mighty / ma .ti/ /-t i/ adjective LITERARY
very large, powerful or important
In the next game they will face the mighty Redskins.
the mighty River Po
accolade / k..le d/ noun [ C ] FORMAL , ,
praise and approval
This is his centennial year and he's been granted the ultimate accolade - his face on a set
of three postage stamps.
Her approval was the highest accolade he could have received.