DLSU COLLEGE OF LAW

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
First Semester, AY 2015-2016
Professor: Tony. La Via

I. COURSE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

A. Course Objectives:
a. To help you become lawyers (Pass the bar)
b. To help you become good lawyers (for your future clients, to be
able to argue any position)
c. To teach law in a grand manner and to help you become great
lawyers (for justice, for the poor, for the country, and for the world)

B. Course Requirements:

a. 50% = 4 Hour Final Examinations at the end of the semester

*A grade of 68 or below in the final exams will mean an automatic failure
for the course regardless of class standing.
*A high grade in the final exams will be given a bigger weight than ones
class standing
b. 50% from class standing to be derived equally from:
i. Weekly Quizzes on the provisions of the 1987 Constitution
ii. Collective recitation grade (daily recitation and group projects)
iii. Mid-Term Exams

*Recommended References:
Joaquin Bernas S.J., The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines: A
Commentary. Rex Bookstore (2003)

Facebook Link: TLV Constitutional Law

C. Course Overview, including introductions and preliminary exercises

II. WHAT IS LAW? WHAT IS CONSTITIONAL LAW? WHAT IS PHILIPPINE

CONSTITUIONAL LAW?

A. Preliminary Reflections

*The Oresteia by Aeschylus

(can be downloaded at
http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks07/0700021.txt)

*An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen

(can be downloaded at http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2446/2446-
h/2446-h.htm)
* Valino vs Adriano (GR 182894, 22 April 2014, read dissent of
Justice Leonen)
*Estrada v. Escritor [A.M. No. P-02-1651. August 4, 2003]
*James M. Imbong and Lovely-Ann C. Imbong vs. Executive
Secretary Ochoa G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014

B. Lecture on History of Philippine Constitutional Law

The Biak-na-Bato Constitution (1897)
The Malolos Constitution (1899)
McKinleys Instructions (1900)
Philippine Bill of 1902
Jones Act of 1916
 The 1935 Constitution (Original and as Amended)
The 1973 Constitution (As Amended)
The 1986 Freedom Constitution
The 1987 Constitution

III. WHAT IS CONSTITUTIONAL OR UNCONSTITUTIONAL? WHO INTERPRETS

THE CONSTITUTION (POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW)

A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article VIII, Sections 1, 4(2), 5(2), 5(5)

B. CASE LIST:

1. Origin of Judicial Review

Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch (5 US) 137, 2 l. ed. 60 (1803)
Angara v. Electoral Tribunal, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)

2. Requisites of Judicial Review

PACU v. Secretary of Education, 97 Phil. 806 (1955);
Tan v. Macapagal, 43 SCRA 678 (1972).
People v. Vera, Phil. 58, 89 (1937).

3. Actual Controversy
Mariano v. COMELEC, 242 SCRA 211 (1995)
Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, Esperon et. al., G.R.
No. 183591, October 14, 2008

4. Mootness Doctrine
Alunan III v. Mirasol, 276 SCRA 501, 511 (1997)
AKBAYAN v. Thomas G. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16,
2008
Nieto, Jr vs. SEC GR No. 175263March 14, 2012

5. Legal Standing
Macasiano v. NHA, 224 SCRA 236 (1993)
Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1, at 39 (2006)

6. Taxpayers suit
Tatad v. Garcia, Jr, 243 SCRA 436 (1995)
Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works & Communications, 110
Phil. 331 (1960)
Del Mar vs. PAGCOR, 346 SCRA 485 (2000)

7. Political Question
Tanada v. Cuenco, 13 SCRA 375 (1965)
Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)

*Recent cases:

Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr., et al vs. Secretary of Justice G.R.

No. 203335 February 11, 2014; See also resolution on
motion for reconsideration (April 22, 2014
Lawyers Against Monopoly and Poverty (LAMP)) vs. The
Secretary of Budget and Management, GR No. 164987,
April 24, 2012
Garcia v. Drilon GR No. 179267, June 25, 2013
IV. HOW CAN WE CHANGE, AMEND, OR REVISE THE CONSTITUTION?

A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article XVII, Sections 1-4

B. CASE LIST
Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-36142.
March 31, 1973
Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
Ratification Cases, 50 SCRA 30, 373, note 3 (1973)
Gonzales v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 774, 797 (1967)
Planas v. COMELEC, 49 SCRA 105 (1973)
Tolentino v. COMELEC, 41 SCRA 702 (1971)
Santiago v. COMELEC, 270 SCRA 106 (1997)
Lambino v. COMELEC, 505 SCRA 160 (2006)

C. LAWS:
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6132: CALLING FOR A CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION, ETC. August 24, 1970.
R.A. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF INITIATIVE
AND REFERENDUM. August 4, 1989.

D. REFERENCE Joaquin Bernas S.J., The JV Ongpin Lecture on

Constitutional Change (2006)

V. WHAT IS THE PHILIPPINES? (TERRITORY, PEOPLE, and GOVERNMENT)

1. TERRITORY

A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article I (Compare to 1935 and 1973 versions)

B. TREATIES AND LAWS

TREATY OF PARIS, Article III
R. A. No. 3046 as amended b RA No. 5446 - "AN ACT TO
DEFINE THE BASELINES OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA OF THE
PHILIPPINES"
R. A. No. 9522 AN ACT TO AMEND CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF R. A. NO. 3046, AS AMENDED BY R. A. NO. 5446, TO
DEFINE THE ARCHIPELAGIC BASELINES OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE
SEA, December 10, 1982; see Articles 46-54
PD No. 1599: ESTABLISHING AN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC
ZONE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES June 11, 1978.

C. REFERENCE Peter Payoyo, On the Philippines and the Archipelagic

Doctrine

2. PEOPLE

A. A. CITIZENSHIP
Article IV, Sections 1-5

CASE LIST
Aznar v. COMELEC, 185 SCRA 703 (1990)
Fornier vs. Commission on Elections and Ronald
Allan Kelley Poe, also known as Fernando Poe Jr.424
SCRA 277 ( 2004)
Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House of
Representatives. 199 SCRA 692 (1991)
 Willie Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA
364 (1989)
Labo v. COMELEC, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
Frivaldo v. COMELEC,174 SCRA 245
Frivaldo vs. COMELEC, 257 SCRA 727
(1996)
Angat v. Republic, 314 SCRA 438 (1999.)
Bengzon v. Cruz, 357 SCRA 545 (2001)
Valles v. COMELEC, 337 SCRA 543 (2000.)
Mercado vs. Manzano and COMELEC, 307 SCRA
630 (1999)

LAWS
THE DUAL CITIZENSHIP LAW (2004)

B. SUFFRAGE
Article 5, Sections 1-2

CASE LIST
Gallego v. Verra, 73 Phil. 453, 455-456 (1941)
Romualdez v. RTC, 226 SCRA 408, 415 (1993)
Akbayan v. COMELEC, 355 SCRA 318 (2001)
Ceniza v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 703 (1980)
Macalintal v. COMELEC, 405 SCRA 614 (2003)

LAWS
RA 9189 (THE OVERSEAS ABSENTEE VOTING ACT)

3. GOVERNMENT
See Bernas, S.J., pp. 35-46

CASE LIST
a. Government of the Philippines, Defined
U.S. v. Dorr, 2 Phil. 332, at 339 (1903)

b. Constituent and Ministrant and Functions of the Government

Bacani vs. Nacoco, November 29, 1956.

c. Traditional Classification of Government Functions

Obliterated
ACCFA v. CUGCO, 30 SCRA 256 (1989)

d. De Facto and De Jure Government

Co Kim Cham v. Valdez, 75 Phil. 113 (1946)

e. Revolutionary Government
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 406 SCRA 190 (2003)

f. Parens Patriae
Government v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728 (1916)

g. Immunity from Suit

Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424 (1987)
Meritt v. Government of the Phil. Island, 34 Phil. 311
(1916)
Phil. Agila Satellite v. Lichauco, G.R. No. 134887, July 27,
2006

h. Money Claims
Ministerio v. CFI, 40 SCRA 464 (1971)

i. Inherent Powers of the State

 Rubi v. Provincial Board, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)
Agustin v. Edu, 88 SCRA 195 (1979)

VI. WHO MAKES OUR LAWS? (THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT)

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

1. 1. MEMBERSHIP IN THE LEGISLATURE

Article VI, Sections 2-14

1. 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGISLATURE

Article VI, Sections 15-21,

1. 3. POWERS OF CONGRESS
Article VI, Sections 1, 5, 18, 21, 25-28
Article III

1. 4. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Article VI, Sections 24-29

1. 5. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

Article VI, Section 32

CASE LIST

1. 1. MEMBERSHIP IN THE LEGISLATURE

Article VI, Sections 2-14

a. Residence Qualification (Section 6)

Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 (1995)
Domino v. COMELEC, 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
Jalosjos v. COMELEC GR No. 191970, April 24, 2012
Ongsiako Reyes v. COMELEC, GR No. 207264, June 25,
2013; motions for reconsideration denied with finality on December
3, 2013

b. Term and Tenure (Section 7)

Dimaporo v. Mitra, 202 SCRA 779 (1991)
Farias, et al. v. Executive Secretary, 417 SCRA 503 (2003)

1. Election (Section 8)
Codilla v. De Venecia, 393 SCRA 639 (2002)
2. Special Election (Section 9)
Tolentino v. COMELEC, 420 SCRA 438 (2004)
3. Party List System (Section 5)
Veterans Federation Party v. COMELEC, 342 SCRA 224
(2000)
Ang Bagong Bayani v. COMELEC, 359 SCRA 698 (2001)
Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor party v. COMELEC, June 2,
2003
Barangay Association for National Advancement and
Transparency (BANAT) v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 179271, April 21,
2009
Atong Paglaum v. COMELEC GR No. 203766, April 2, 2013
Cocofed-Philippine Coconut Producers Federation Inc. vs.
COMELEC GR No. 207026, August 6, 2013
Abang Lingkod Party List v. COMELEC GR No. 206952,
October 22, 2013

c. Privilege from Arrest (Section 11)

People v. Jalosjos, 324 SCRA 689 (2000)
 d. Privilege of Speech (Section 11)
Jimenez v. Cabangbang, G.R. No. L-15905,, August 3, 1966
Antonino v. Valencia, G.R. No. L-26526, May 27, 1974

e. Prohibitions (Section 14)

Puyat v. De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, July 15, 2009

1. 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGISLATURE

Article VI, Sections 15-21,

a. Officers (Section 16)

Avelino v. Cuenco, March 4, 1949
Santiago v. Guingona, supra
Arroyo, et al. v. De Venecia, 277 SCRA 268 (1997)

b. Internal Discipline (Section 16)

Osmea v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
Paredes, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 118364, August 8,
1995

c. Journals (Section 16)

US v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
Casco v. Phil. Chemical Co. v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)

d. Electoral Tribunals (Section 17)

Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)
Abbas, et al. v. Senate, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
Lazatin v. COMELEC, 157 SCRA 337 (1988)
Lazatin v. COMELEC, 168 SCRA 391 (1988)
Vinzons-Chato v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal
(HRET) and Panotes G.R. No. 199149; GR No. 201350, January
22, 2013
Tagolino v. HRET and Torres-Gomez, G.R. No. 202202,
March 19, 2013

1. 3. POWERS OF CONGRESS
Article VI, Sections 1, 5, 18, 21, 25-28
Article III

a. Non-delegability of legislative power (Section 1)

Eastern Shipping Lines v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
Tablarin v. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
Tatad v. Secretary of Energy, 282 SCRA 337 (1997)
People v. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253 (1995)
Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, July 16 2008 [In relation
to Art. VI, Sec. 5]

b. Commission on Appointments (Section 18)

Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr., 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
Guingona, Jr. v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)

c. Legislative Investigations (Section 21)

Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29, 45 (1950)
Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Comm., 203 SCRA 767
(1991)
Sabio, v. Gordon, et al. - G.R. No. 174340, October 17, 2006
Romulo L. Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of
Public Officers and Investigations, Senate Committee on Trade and
 Commerce, and Senate Committee on National Defense and
Security, G.R. No. 180643 (2008)

1. 4. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Article VI, Sections 24-29

a. Appropriations (Section 25)

Garcia v. Mata, 65 SCRA 517 (1975)

b. Transfer of Funds (Section 25)

Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
Araullo vs.. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287 February 3, 2015; read
also the original decision on July 1, 2014

c. Subject and Title of Bills (Section 26)

Central Capiz v. Ramirez, 40 Phil. 883, 891 (1920)
Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630 (1994)

d. Item Veto (Section 27)

Commission of Internal Revenue v. CTA, 185 SCRA 329
(1990)
Gonzales v. Macaraig, 191 SCRA 452 (1990)
Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 508 (1994)
Belgica, et al. v. Executive Secretary, et al GR No. 208566,
November 11, 2013

e. Tax Laws (Section 28)

Commissioner of BIR v. CA, 298 SCRA 83 (1998)
CIR v. Santos, 277 SCRA 617 (1997)

f. Expenditure of Funds (Section 29)

Guingona, Jr. v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works, 110 Phil. 331-346
(1960)
Osmea v. Orbos, 220 SCRA 703 (1993)
Remman Enterprises, Inc. vs. Professional Regulatory
Board of Real Estate Service and Professional Regulation
Commission G.R. No. 197676 February 4, 2014

1. 5. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

Article VI, Section 32

a. Initiative and Referendum (Section 32)

Garcia v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 279 (1994)

LAWS:
RA No. 7941: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELECTION OF
PARTY-LIST REPRESENTATIVES THROUGH THE PARTY-LIST
SYSTEM, March 3, 1995.
RA No. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM, August 4, 1989

REFERENCE Policy Papers on Bicameralism and on the Parliamentary-

Presidential Debate (2007)

VII. WHO IMPLEMENTS THE LAW AND RUNS THE GOVERNMENT? (EXECUTIVE
DEPARTMENT)

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

1. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT

Article VII, Sections. 2-13
 1. 2. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT
Article VII, Sections 1, 13-23
Article X, Sections 4 and 16
Article VI, Sections 9, 23, 27, 28
Article III, Section 13
Article VI, Section 23 (2)
Article XII, Section 21

CASE LIST
1. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
Article VII, Sections. 2-13

1. a. Election and Canvass (Section 4)

Macalintal v. COMELEC. 405 SCRA 614 (2003)
Congressman Lopez v. Senate and House, G.R. No. 163556,
June 4, 2004
Pimentel v. Joint Canvassing Committee, June 22, 2004
1. b. Vacancy situations during the term (Section 8)
Estrada v. Desierto, supra
1. c. Temporary Disability (Section 8)
Estrada v. Desierto, supra

1. d. Prohibitions (Section 13)

Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, 177 SCRA 354 (1989)
Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317
(1991)
Bitonio Jr. v. COA, G.R. No. 147392, March 12, 2004
Estrada v. Desierto, supra
Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 (1988)

1. 2. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT

Article VII, Sections 1, 13-23

1. a. Executive Power (Section 1)

Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
Sema v. COMELEC, supra
Pichay Jr. v. Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for
Legal Affairs GR No. 196425, 24 July 2012

1. b. Prohibited Appointments (Section 16)

Government v. Springer, 50 Phil. 259 (1927)
Bermudez v. Executive Secretary, 213 SCRA 733 (1999)
Matibag v. Benipayo, 380 SCRA 49 (2002)
De Castro v. JBC; GR No. 191002, March 17,2010
Funa v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740, February 11,
2010

1. c. Power of Control and Supervision (Section 17)

Lacson-Magallanes v Pao, 21 SCRA 895
Blaquera, et al. v. Alcala, 295 SCRA 366 (1998)
DENR v. DENR Employees, 409 SCRA 359 (2003)
Senate v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, July 21, 2006
1. d. Emergency Powers (Section 18)
Lansang vs. Garcia G.R. No. L-33964 December 11, 1971
Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-36142. March
31, 1973
Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
Gudani v. Senga, SCRA 498 SCRA 671 (2006)
IBP vs. Zamora, et al. G.R. No. 141284. August 15, 2000.
Sanlakas v. Reyes, February 3, 2004.
 Gonzales v. Abaya, 498 SCRA 445 (2006)
David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3,
2006
Fortun vs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, as
Commander-in-Chief and President of the Republic of the
Philippines, Eduardo Ermita, G.R. No. 190293 March 20,
2012

1. e. Pardon (Section 19)

Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989)
Llamas v. Orbos, 202 SCRA 844 (1991)
Drilon v. CA, 202 SCRA 378 (1991)
Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal, vs. COMELEC and Joseph Ejercito
Estrada G.R. No. 206666 January 21, 2015
1. f. International Agreement (Section 21)
Bayan v. Executive Secretary, 342 SCRA 449 (2000)
Secretary of Justice v. Judge Lantion, 343 SCRA 377 (2000)
Akbayan v. Aquino, supra

REFERENCE Policy Papers on Emergency Powers of the President (2007)

VIII. WHO INTERPRETS THE LAW AND RESOLVES DISPUTES? (JUDICIAL

DEPARTMENT)

1. A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article VIII, Sections 1-16

CASE LIST

a. Judicial Power, Defined

Lopez v. Roxas, 17 Phil 766 (1966)

b. Effect of Section 1 (2) on Judicial Inquiry (Section 1)

Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 688 (1989)
Echegaray v. The Secretary of Justice, 19 January 1999
In Re: Wenceslao Laureta, 148 SCRA 382 (1987)

c. SC Division and En Banc (Section 4)

People v. Dy, 395 SCRA 256 (2003)
Fortich v. Corona, 312 SCRA 751 (1999)
Firestone Ceramics v. CA, 334 SCRA 465 (2000)

d. Powers of the Judiciary (Section 5)

In re Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534 (1954)
Fabian v. Desierto, 295 SCRA 470, 492 (1998)
In re Integration of the Bar of the Philippines, 49 SCRA 25-27
(1973)
Tan v. IBP Commission on Bar Discipline, 501 SCRA 156
(2006)
Judicial and Bar Council (Section 8)
Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) GR No.
202242, April 16, 2014
Chavez vs. JBC GR No. 202242, July 17, 2012
In Re: Nomination of Atty. Lynda Chaguile, IBP Ifugao
President, as replacement for IBP Governor for Northern Luzon,
Denis B. Habawel AM No. 13-04-03-SC, December 10, 2013

e. Salaries fixed by law (Section 10)

Nitafan v. Commission of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
1. f. Legal basis of decisions (Section 14)
Francisco vs.Permskul, G.R. No. 81006. May 12, 1989.
Velarde v. Social Justice Society, 428 SCRA 283 (2004)
 REFERENCE Policy Papers on the Judiciary (2007)

IX. WHAT ARE THE INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMISSIONS?

(CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISIONS)

COMMON CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

Article IX(A), Sections 1-7

CASE LIST
Galido v. COMELEC, 193 SCRA 78 (1991)
Mateo v. CA, 247 SCRA 284 (1995)
Garces v. CA, 259 SCRA 99 (1996)
CHREA v. CHR, G.R. 155336, July 21, 2006

1. 1. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

Article IX(B), Sections 1-8

CASE LIST
Mathay, Jr. Civil Service Commission, 312 SCRA 91 (1999)
CSC v. Salas, 274 SCRA 414 (1997)
Binamira v. Garrucho, Jr., 188 SCRA 154 (1990)
Canonizado v. Aguirre, 323 SCRA 312 (2000)
Luego v. CSC, 143 SCRA 327 (1986)
Flores v. Drilon and Gordon, 223 SCRA 508 (1993)
Civil Service Commission vs. Maricelle M. Cortes, G.R. No.
200103 April 23, 2014

1. 2. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

Article IX (C), Sections 1-11

CASE LIST
Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358 (1990)
Buac and Bautista v. COMELEC, 421 SCRA 92 (2004)
LDP v. COMELEC, 423 SCRA 665 (2004)
Kilosbayan v. COMELEC, 280 SCRA 892 (1997)
Salazar v. COMELEC, 184 SCRA 433 (1990)
Sanidad v. COMELEC, 181 SCRA 529 (1990)
Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC G.R. No. 205728 January 21,
2015
GMA Network, Inc. vs. COMELEC, Senator Alan Peter
"COMPAERO" S. Cayetano G.R. No. 205357 September 2,
2014
Maliksi v. COMELEC and Saquilayan G.R. No. 203302, Maliksi v.
COMELEC, March 12, 2013, reconsidered April 11, 2013

1. 3. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT

Article IX (C), Sections 1-11

CASE LIST
DBP v. COA, 373 SCRA 356 (2002)
Dingcong v. Guingona Jr., 162 SCRA 782 (1988)
Danville Maritime, Inc. v. COA, 175 SCRA 701 (1989)
Ramos v. Aquino, 39 SCRA
256 (1971)
Funa vs. Manila Economic and Cultural Office and the Commission on
Audit, G.R. No. 193462 February 4, 2014
Funa vs. Villar GR No. 192791, April 24, 2012

1. 4. OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES

a. Central Monetary Authority
 Article XII, Sections 20-21
b. Economic and Planning Agencies
Article XII, Sections 9-10
c. National Commissions
o Commission on Human Rights (Article XIII)
o National Language Commission ( Article XIV, Section 9)
o National Police Commission (Article XVI, Section 6)

X. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS?

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article X, Sections 1-21

CASE LIST
Basco v. Pagcor, 197 SCRA 52 (1991)
Limbona v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786)
Ganzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271 (1991)
Sucaldito v. Montejo, 193 SCRA 556(1991)
Latasa v. Comelec, 417 SCRA 601 (2003)
Pelaez v. Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569 (1965)
Paredes v. The Executive Secretary, 128 SCRA 6
(1984)
Lopez v. Comelec, 136 SCRA 633 (1985)
City of Manila v. IAC, 179 SCRA 428 (1989)
Rural Bank of Makati v. Makati, 433 SCRA 362 (2004)
Acebedo Optical Company v. CA, 329 SCRA 314 (2000)
Binay v. Domingo, 201 SCRA 508, 514 (1991)
Carpio v. Executive Secretary, 206 SCRA 290 (1992)
Dadole v. COA, 393 SCRA 262 (2002)
Drilon v. Lim, 235 SCRA 135 (1994)
Province of Rizal v. Executive Secretary, 477 SCRA 436 (2005)
Sema v. COMELEC, supra
League of Cities of the Philippines vs. Commission on Elections, G.R.
Nos. 176951, 177499, 178056, December 21, 2009
Navarro v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 180050, February 10, 2010
Quinto v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189698, December 1, 2009
Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, Esperon, et. al. G.R. No. 183591,
October 14, 2000
Navarro v. Executive Secretary GR No. 180050,September 11, 2012
Heirs of Luna, et al. v. Afable, GR No. 188299, January 23, 2013

LAWS
1. The Local Government Code of 1991
2. R. A. No. 9054 - The Organic Act of Muslim Mindanao

REFERENCE - Policy Papers on Federalism and Local Autonomy (2006)

XI. HOW DO WE HOLD PUBLIC OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE?

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article XI, Sections 1-18

CASE LIST
Nuez v. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433, (1982)
Office of the Ombudsman vs. Atty. Valera, 471 SCRA 715 (2005.)
Ledesma vs. CA, 465 SCRA 437 (2005)
In Re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
Francisco, et al. v. House Speaker , et al., 415 SCRA 44 (2003)
Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan, 160 SCRA 843 (1988)
Laurel v. Desierto, 381 SCRA 48 (2002)
Azarcon v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 747 (1997)
Honasan II v. Panel of Investigating Prosecutors of the Department of
 Justice, 427 SCRA 46 (2004)
Garcia v. Miro, 397 SCRA 41 (2003)
Caasi v. CA, 191 SCRA 229 (1990)
Engao v. Court of Appeals, 493 SCRA 323 (2006)
Ombudsman v. Madriaga, G.R. No. 164316, September 27, 2006
Gonzales III vs. Office of the President of the Philippines, acting
through and represented by executive secretary Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr.,
G.R. No. 196231 January 28, 2014
Flor Gupilan-Aguilar and Honore R. Hernandez, vs. Office of the
Ombudsman, G.R. No. 197307 February 26, 2014
Marcos, Jr. vs. Republic of the Philippines, represented by the
Presidential Commission on Good Government, G.R. No. 189434
March 12, 2014
Ligot, et al. v. Republic GR No. 176944, March 6, 2013
Herminio T. Disini vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 169823-24,
September 11, 2013
Corona vs. Senate . GR No. 200242, July 17,2012

LAWS: R.A. No. 6713 - Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public
Officials and Employees." February 20, 1989 (See also The Anti-Graft
and Corrupt Practices Act)

REFERENCE - Transparency and Accountability Network Corruption Report

(2007)

XII. WHAT IS OUR VISION OF SOCIETY?

A. STATE PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES

Article II, Sections 1-28

CASE LIST

People v. Gozo, 53 SCRA 476 (1973)

Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, 75 Phil. 113 (1945)
In Re Letter of Associate Justice Puno, 210 SCRA 589 (1992)
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 407 SCRA 10 (2003)
Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 (1993)
Laguna Lake Development Authority v. CA, (1994)
Garcia v. Board of Investments, 224 SCRA 792 (1990)
Pamatong v. COMELEC, 427 SCRA 96 (2004)
Taada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18 (1997)
MMDA v. Concerned Citizens of Manila Bay, G.R. Nos. 171947-
48, December 18, 2008
AKBAYAN v. Thomas G. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008
Ramon Paje vs. Teodoro A. Casino, G.R. No. 207257, February 3, 2015
Land Bank of the Philippines vs.
Yatco Agricultural Enterprises G.R. No.172551 January 15, 2014

REFERENCE - A. La Via, The Right to a Sound and Balanced Ecology: The

Odyssey of a Constitutional Policy, Philippine Law Journal, Manila 1994.

B. NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

Article XII, Sections 1-22 CASE LIST
San Miguel Corporation v. CA, 185 SCRA 722 (1990)
La Bugal Blaan Tribal v. DENR, 421 SCRA 148 (2004)
Chavez v. PEA and AMARI, 384 SCRA 152 (2002)
JG Summit Holdings, Inc. v. CA, 412 SCRA 10 (2003)
Krivenko v. Register of Deeds, 79 Phil. 461, 481 (1947)
Director of Lands v. Judge Aquino, 192 SCRA 296 (1990)
Director of Lands v. Intermediate Court of Appeals, 146 SCRA 509
(1986)
Cruz v. Sec. of DENR, et al., 347 SCRA 128 (2000)
 Republic v. CA, 235 SCRA 567 (1994)
Halili v. CA, 287 SCRA 465 (1998)
Manila Prince v. GSIS, 267 SCRA 408 (1997)
Albano v. Reyes, 175 SCRA 264 (1989)
Associated Communications v. NTC, 397 SCRA 574 (2003)
Agan v. PIATCO, 420 SCRA 575 (2004)
Republic v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620 (1969)
Republic v. Jacob, 495 SCRA 529 (2006)
Muller v. Muller, 500 SCRA 65 (2006)
Gamboa vs. Secretary T eves, GR No. 176579,October 9, 2012

LAWS: R.A No. 8371: The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997".

REFERENCE A. La Via et. al., Policy papers on Free, Prior and Informed
Consent of Indigenous Peoples and on Revenue Distribution of the Profits from
Natural Gas Extraction (2007)

C. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Article XIII, Sections 1-19

CASE LIST
Bautista vs. Salonga, 172 SCRA 160 (1989)
Simon, Jr. vs. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117
(1994)
BPI Credit Corporation vs. NLRC, 234 SCRA 441 (1994)
Federation of Free Farmers v. CA, 107 SCRA 352 (1981)
Employers Confederation v. NWPC, 201 SCRA 759 (1991)
Vinzons-Magana v. Estrella, 201 SCRA 536 (1991)
Luz Farms v. Secretary of Agrarian Reforms,192 SCRA 51
(1990)
Association of Small Landowners v. Secretary of Agrarian
Reform, 175 SCRA 343 (1989))
Del Rosario v. Bengzon, 180 SCRA 521 (1989)
Cario v. CHR, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
Cuba v. Cuenco, 502 vs. 324, (2006)

D. OTHER ASPIRATIONS
All provisions of Articles XIV, XV & XVI

CASE LIST
DECS v. v. San Diego, 180 SCRA 533 (1989)
Pea v. NLRC, 258 SCRA 65, 67 (1996)
Ateneo de Manila University v. CA, 145 SCRA 100 (1986)
Licup v. University of San Carlos, 178 SCRA 637 (1989)
Capitol Medical Center v. CA, 178 SCRA 493 (1989)
Abra Valley College, Inc. v. Aquino, 162 SCRA 106 (1988)
Morales v. Board of Regents, 446 SCRA 227 (2004)
Miriam College Foundation v. CA, 348 SCRA 265 ( 2000)
University of San Carlos v. CA, 166 SCRA 570 (1988)
U.P. v. Judge Ayson, 283 SCRA 571 (1989)
Office of the President v. Buenaobra, 501 SCRA 302 (2006)

XIII. CONCLUSION AND SYNTHESIS

Plato, The Republic

William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince
Jose W. Diokno, A Nation for Our Children (1987)
Horacio De La Costa SJ, Philippine Problems in Historical Perspective (1971)