3 3 GIZ17 XXX Presentation J Henkel

Challenges and Solutions for TSOs
with high share of RE
German Experience
Delhi, September 2017

Dr. Johannes Henkel, Head of Energy Market Development, 50Hertz
Elia Grid International TSO consultancy
Capacity building TSO for ENTSO-E
membership (2016-2017)
RES integration (2016)
Flow-based market coupling Topics on balancing
ENTSO-E (2010-2016) market/regulation (2016)
Reorganization of TSO
towards EU target model (2016)
MoU for future
Harmonization of Grid collaboration (2017)
Code (2014-2015)
Review WAPP Operational TSO assessment

Manual (2012-2013) Strategic Asset Mgmt. (2017)
Implementation (2014-
2017); Grid development
and network studies Grid code review
Gap analysis on maintenance (2015-2017) (2016)
RES integration study & practices (2016)
training course (2017)
Grid code and RES forecasting Workshop on energy markets

projects (2015-2016) and congestion management
for the SAPP (2016) Technical Due Diligence (2015)
http://www.eliagrid-int.com/
Challenges and solutions for TSOs in high RE systems Dr. Johannes Henkel 2
Decades of proven experience at your service
EGI builds on Elia Groups experience to provide

state-of-the-art solutions for its worldwide partners
Strategical & System

Organizational operations &
advisory grid
Energy development
Transition &
Renewable
Energy
Integration Market
Asset development
Management and regulatory
framework
http://www.eliagrid-int.com/
Contact: Lea.GrosseVorholt@eliagrid-int.com
Agenda
1 Introduction 50Hertz and the German Energiewende
2 Challenges and solutions in high RE systems
3 Conclusion
50Hertz as part of the European Electricity System
2
4
3
1. 50Hertz
2. TenneT TSO
3. Amprion
4. TransnetBW
50Hertz at a glance
2016 2010
109.589 km 109.360 km
Grid area (~31 %) (~31 %)
10.215 km 9.800 km
Length of lines (~30 %) (~30 %)
ca. 16 GW ca. 17 GW
Max. Load (~20 %)
(~20%)
Power consumption (based ~ 96 TWh ca. 98 TWh
on electricity supplied to end-consumers in
acc. with the EEG)
(~20 %) (~20 %)
Installed capacity: 51.686 MW (~26%)* 38.354 MW (~35%)

- of which Renewables 28.435 MW (~30%)* 15.491 MW (~30%)
- of which Wind 17.129 MW (~37%)* 11.318 MW (~40%)
RES share in power

consumption
47,8% ca. 25%
Turnover 9,5 bln. 5,6 bln.

- of which grid 1,3 bln. 0,6 bln.
Source: 50Hertz; As of 2016/12/31 - *preliminary figures final figures will be available on 2017/08/31
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Germany
1400
Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and other)
1200
88
in Mil. t CO2 equivalent
1000 73
361
67
800 255
182
163 Goal 2050:
600 181
131 164 58 - 61 reduction by
119 130 140 - 143 80% to 95%
400
95 - 98
200 466 70 - 72
385 344
175 - 183
0
1990 2000 2015 Ziel 2030
Target
Energy
Energiewirtschaft Households
Haushalte Traffic
Verkehr Industryund
Industrie andGewerbe
Commerce
Landwirtschaft
Agriculture brige
OtherEmissionen Ziel
Source: Umweltbundesamt 2016; Climate protection plan 2050 of the German Government November 2016
Current status: Few emission reductions in household and traffic sector

2050: High emission reductions in energy sector necessary due to high
CO2 reduction costs
RES development in Germany
2000 2006 2016
- ~ 30,000 plants - ~ 221,000 plants - ~ 1,600,000 plants

- 1.665* MW installed wind in - 2.233* MW installed wind in - 45.910* MW inst. wind
Germany Germany
Massive RES growth in Germany since the introduction of the Renewables

Energy Law (EEG) in 2000 with Wind and PV as
Markierungen the main
proportional growth
zur installierten drivers
Leistung
PV Wind Biomass * BWE Figures Source: 50Hertz, TenneT, Amprion, TransnetBW, Google Earth
Renewable infeed in April 2017
100 GW
Load
80 GW
60 GW
40 GW RES
20 GW
On April 30th 2017 13-15h, 85% of the load in Germany were covered by RES
(and the lights stayed on)
Agenda
3 Conclusion
Challenges in a transition to a high RE system
1. Synchronization of RE generation growth

with necessary grid extension
2. Responsibilities (and rights) for RES
3. Balancing (in different timeframes)
4. Congestion management
Volume control
EEG 2000 EEG 2009 EEG 2012 EEG 2014 EEG 2017
RES priority Implementation Introduction of Obligatory Introduction
feed-in of RES the market direct of tenders
Fixed feed-in curtailment premium model marketing Introduction
120 tariffs process Reduction of Pilot tender for of a grid
Reorganisation PV
Installed Capacity (Wind and PV)
remuneration expansion
of remuneration for PV Introduction of area
100 RES peak
for PV
(breathing cap) shaving
in Germany in GW
80
PV
60 EEG 2004
Reduction of
40 feed-in tariffs
Wind
20
Excess payments for PV
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
After a learning curve with feed-in tariffs, RES support costs for new installations could be
drastically reduced
In a recent auction for offshore wind farms, some bids were awarded at 0 /MWh support
Renewables growth requires an adaptation of the
transmission grid infrastructure Synchronization necessary
Till 2025:
~ 25 GW
Increasing power transport capacities to
~ 20 GW connect consumption centers with RES
generation
Increasing
transmission need
Targets
(25 GW)
Increasing European connectivity to

improve RES and market integration
the key element of EU energy policy
A strategic grid development in a regional context is the key for a successful

energy transition

Grid connection codes
- In Germany, a major of RES installations had to be retrofitted in order to avoid

sudden curtailment at a fixed over- or underfrequency (49,5 Hz or 50,2 Hz)
- Other important grid connection requirements include reactive power
behaviour
- Grid connection codes are necessary for all generators and loads, not just RES
and are needed to reflect physical realities!
By designing grid connection codes right and in time for all market
participants, large follow-up costs can be saved.
Ancillary services from RES
Demonstration-Test - balancing
Current challenges are the definition of the
baseline and the design of the balancing market 300
MW
250
(daily tendering, hourly products.)
Power
200
150
Other pilot tests have shown that RES can 100
contribute effectively to stabilize the voltage if 50
0
faults occur in the system. 11:05 11:45
Time 12:25
Voltage stabilization by a wind farm

Further pilot projects will even include
black-starting a system with RES installations.

Balancing the grid in different timeframes
RES volatility Implemented solutions
Policy/
New auctions for strategic reserves TSO
Days to
(=backup power plants)
Hours
Capacity market if necessary
Market/
Introduction of a liquid intraday market TSO
Hours to Grid
Usage of 15-min products
Minutes
International market coupling
Extension
TSO
International imbalance netting (IGCC*)
Minutes to Allow new market participants in the balancing
Seconds market (battery storages, loads, wind turbines)
Dynamic allocation of balancing capacity
*International Grid Control Cooperation
Ultra-short term volatility
Grid Situation Sunday, 2016/08/28
Wind-Forecast Balancing demand 50Hertz
8000 4000
7000 2 Hours 3000
MW
MW
before
6000 Realtime 2000
5000 1000
1,9
4000 GW 0
3000 -1000
2000 -2000
8 hours
1000 -3000
before
0 -4000
14:45 16:45 18:45 20:45 22:45 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
The system must be able to react fast to changing forecasts

Solution: Enhanced forecasts, short term trading
Grid control cooperation avoiding counteractive balancing
National GCC (Module 1-4)

IGCC (Module 1 Imbalance Netting)
Energinet.dk
(10/2011)
Module 1 - IGCC:
Avoid Counteractivation TenneT
(02/2012)
Module 2: Germany
Common Dimensioning Elia (since 2008)
(10/2012)
Module 3:
RTE
Common Procurement of capacity (4/2016) CEPS
Module 4 National GCC: (06/2012)
Activation based on common APG

Swissgrid (04/2014)
Merit Order List
(03/2012)
The grid control cooperation helped to reduce the balancing demand

significantly and saved already > 330 Mio. USD of balancing activations

Congestion management
Other TSO TSO
Other TSO
220kV / 380kV
Status
quo: ?
Large
bidding Regional DSO
zones 110kV Power Plants
and/or
central
dispatch
Local DSO
20kV / 0,4kV
?
Right market design depends on structural congestions in the grid

There is no general best solution
Efficient (re-)dispatch
In Germany, all generators must submit

their planned schedules in 15-min resolution
to the TSO
50Hertz mitigates grid congestion by
redispatching power plants and RES
generators
Redispatch costs in Germany can range
between 500-1.000 Mio. USD.
Independent of the market design

schedules of generators should be
transparent to the system operator
Redispatch: Action Options in Time
Load and RES feed-in forecast Forecast error decreases
Morning Afternoon Evening t-1h until

Option t-4h
D-1 D-1 D-1 realtime
Slow Reserve PP
Start/Stop of PP
Shift of Control Power
Change in PP output (working

point)
Start/Stop of PP (as emergency
measure)
Curtailment of RES
4 TSO process for congestion management
Week-Ahead-Planning Process
Day-Ahead Use of reserve power plants, planning of forced start-up of market
08-11h WAPP power plants
4-TSO Planning of preventive Redispatch measures

Day-Ahead pRD Includes starting/stopping blocks and large shifts in power plant part
16-18h (New!)
Day-Ahead Congestion Forecast
Day-Ahead Only singular measures, no global optimisation possible
DACF Insufficient lead time for changes > 1 GW
20-22h
Intraday Congestion Forecast

t-4h (international, TSC Transmission Security Cooperation)
IDCF
Curative Redispatch
approx. t-2h Cura- RES curtailment
tive
Agenda
3 Conclusion
Conclusions
RES support should follow a transparent volume path (regarding capacity),
otherwise there will be a too high investment uncertainty in the market.
Regarding investments in backup generation AND regarding infrastructure.
The TSO needs sufficient transparency and online data about the
renewable infeed. All RES installations should be controllable
RES should participate actively in the market (energy and ancillary
services)
Some major design choices need to be taken based on market situation.
There is no general first best solution!
Desired level of security of supply
Congestion Management
System Balancing
TSO/DSO cooperation
Thank you for your attention!
Dr. Johannes Henkel
50Hertz Transmission GmbH

Heidestr. 2
10557 Berlin
+4930 5150 2650

johannes.henkel@50hertz.com
www.50hertz.com
Delhi, 05.09.2017

3 3 GIZ17 XXX Presentation J Henkel

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Challenges and Solutions for TSOs

with high share of RE

Delhi, September 2017

Review WAPP Operational TSO assessment

Grid code and RES forecasting Workshop on energy markets

EGI builds on Elia Groups experience to provide

Strategical & System

1 Introduction 50Hertz and the German Energiewende

2 Challenges and solutions in high RE systems

Installed capacity: 51.686 MW (~26%)* 38.354 MW (~35%)

RES share in power

Turnover 9,5 bln. 5,6 bln.

Current status: Few emission reductions in household and traffic sector

2000 2006 2016

- ~ 30,000 plants - ~ 221,000 plants - ~ 1,600,000 plants

Massive RES growth in Germany since the introduction of the Renewables

1 Introduction 50Hertz and the German Energiewende

2 Challenges and solutions in high RE systems

1. Synchronization of RE generation growth

2. Responsibilities (and rights) for RES

3. Balancing (in different timeframes)

Increasing European connectivity to

A strategic grid development in a regional context is the key for a successful

1. Synchronization of RE generation growth

2. Responsibilities (and rights) for RES

3. Balancing (in different timeframes)

- In Germany, a major of RES installations had to be retrofitted in order to avoid

Voltage stabilization by a wind farm

1. Synchronization of RE generation growth

2. Responsibilities (and rights) for RES

3. Balancing (in different timeframes)

RES volatility Implemented solutions

The system must be able to react fast to changing forecasts

National GCC (Module 1-4)

Activation based on common APG

The grid control cooperation helped to reduce the balancing demand

1. Synchronization of RE generation growth

2. Responsibilities (and rights) for RES

3. Balancing (in different timeframes)

Right market design depends on structural congestions in the grid

In Germany, all generators must submit

Independent of the market design

Load and RES feed-in forecast Forecast error decreases

Morning Afternoon Evening t-1h until

Shift of Control Power

Change in PP output (working

4-TSO Planning of preventive Redispatch measures

Intraday Congestion Forecast

1 Introduction 50Hertz and the German Energiewende

2 Challenges and solutions in high RE systems

50Hertz Transmission GmbH

+4930 5150 2650

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