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In designing the general layout of intake structures, the choice of correct intake direction, i.e.
of the angle enclosed by the outside wall and the original direction of flow is very important.
The angle of inflow varies with the ratio of the diverted discharge to the original. If the ratio
of the diverted discharge to the original is small, the angle of diversion will be small, while
any increase in the diverted discharge, the angle of diversion will also be wider. The
following general rule can be established: in designing intake structures, the inflow angle
occurring at times of relatively small discharges should be followed.
Q
= f c
Qf
Figure
Qc
= 0.20 0.30 = 200 - 300
Qf
Qc
= 1 .0 = 450 - 600
Qf
b
B = A C tan =
cos
cos = 0 = 900
The greater the velocity Vf and the discharge qf, the smaller the angle of diversion is required.
h hc q f
cos = 1 f
h q
f c
bc
= = Coefficient of contraction at the entrance to the intake canal,
b
hf = Water depth in the river,
Where the mean inflow velocity is assumed as, V = 0.8 1.2 m/sec.
Intake Headlosses
1. Entrance Loss
a) Velocity Vf of the flow above the intake site changes to the value V in the inlet
section,
b) Sudden contraction of the cross-section causes headloss.
Figure
V2 V f2
he = 1.3
2g 2g
Factor varies from 0.8 to 0.4 depending on the intake angle . The greater values can be
assumed in case of intakes under a sharp angle (~300) while the smaller ones are applicable in
case of rectangular diversions.
V2
he = 1.3
2g
V2
he 0.5
2g
43
s V2
hr = sin
b 2g
Figure
Cross-section
a 2.42
b 1.83
c 1.67
d 1.03
e 0.92
f 0.76
g 1.79
Solution:
43
s V2
hr = sin
b 2g
43
6.2 1.152
hr = 2.42 sin 750
19.2 19.62
hr = 0.0349m 3.50cm