Today Im gonna talk about Hgh Voltage Circuit Breakers

Application

Slide 1 - There are many different types of circuit

breakers and many different system conditions where
they may be applied.

Air Magnetic Circuit Breakers

Air Blast Circuit Breakers

Oil Circuit Breakers

Circuit Breakers using SF-6

Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Slide 2 -

Overload currents and temperature rise

High XIR systems and current generators protection

Systems with frequencies other than 50 or 60 Hz

Size of capacitor banks for capacitor switching operations

High TRV applications

High altitude installations

Low current, high inductive load current switching

Choice between SF6 and vacuum

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Slide 3 - OVERLOAD CURRENTS AND
TEMPERATURE RISE

Ambient temperatures vary widely on a daily and on a

seasonal basis.

The maximum standard altitude as it will be recalled is 1000

meters (3300 feet) over sea level.

The altitude limitations are related to the lower air density

and therefore lesser convective cooling capability of the air
at higher elevations.

The ambient temperature, on the other hand, is directly

related to the total temperature of the equipment, which is
dictated by the limitations that are established based on the
characteristics of the materials that are employed in the
construction of the circuit breaker

Slide 4 - Effects of Solar Radiation

For outdoor applications, in addition to the heating produced

by the load current and by the ambient air temperature, one
must be aware of the possible additional heating that may
result from the effects of solar radiation.

On the basis of field tests and accumulated operating data it

has been determined that in most cases a maximum
temperature rise of approximately 15C may be expected on
the conducting parts of the circuit breaker.

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Slide 5 - Continuous Overload Capability

There are times when it becomes necessary to operate a

circuit breaker with load currents that are higher than those
corresponding to the full rating of the circuit breaker.

Operation under these conditions is possible provided that

the ambient temperature is consistently below the maximum
allowable 40C.

Slide 6 -- Continuous Overload Capability

As an example, let us consider a circuit breaker that has a

continuous current rating of 1200 A.
This circuit breaker is going to be applied at an ambient
temperature of 25C. The maximum allowable temperature
rise is limited to 65C by its bushings. It is desired to find
what is the maximum current capability for this circuit
breaker under the new given conditions.(If m = 105 C )

Slide 7 - Short Time Overloads

For simple structures, where circuit breakers may be
considered to be one such structure, it is fairly accurate to
assume that the temperature increases exponentially
towards the ultimate temperature rise.
This means that the growth of the temperature is progressing
in such a way that it is continuously consuming a fured
proportion of the remaining temperature rise in equal
intervals of time.

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Slide 8 -- Maximum Continuous Current at High
Altitude Applications
Generally, applications at high elevations do not pose much
of a problem because the interrupters that are used in
today's circuit breakers are sealed devices and consequently
the contact structure itself is not affected by the high altitude
and the lower air densities.
Those parts of the circuit breaker which are exposed to the
outside atmosphere are not generally the most critical parts
and more importantly as the altitude increases it is less likely
that the ambient temperature would reach the 40C upper
limit.

Slide 9 -- INTERRUPTION OF CURRENT FROM HIGH

X/R CIRCUITS
The short circuit ratings assigned by the standards are
based on an X/R value of 17 at 60 Hz or 14 at 50 Hz.
This naturally constitutes only a compromise average value
which is representative of the majority of the applications
found in the industry.
However, there are still a significant number of applications
where the X/R of the system is greater than the values
adopted by the standards.

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Slide 10 -- GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER
APPLICATIONS
These circuit breakers have continuous current canying
ratings in the tens of thousands of amperes and their short
circuit interrupting current capabilities are generally greater
than 100 kA.
These circuit breakers are available for those applications
that involve the protection of large power plant generators.

Slide 11 - APPLICATION FREQUENCIES OTHER

THAN 50 OR 60 HERTZ
The most common lower frequencies that may be
considered are those which are associated with transit
applications.
The two most popular frequencies are twenty-five (25) Hz
and sixteen and two-thirds (16 and 213) Hz.
High frequency applications are rare and usually they are
associated with very specialized applications mostly in
pulsing or capacitor discharge circuits and generally only in
the medium voltage class.

Slide 12 - CAPACITANCE SWITCHING APPLICATIONS

Capacitance switching applications involve not only
interrupting capacitive currents, but also the energizing of
overhead lines, cables and capacitor banks.

Slide 13 - CAPACITANCE SWITCHING APPLICATIONS

Energizing or de-energizing an open line must be considered
as one of the normal duties of a circuit breaker.

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The application of a circuit breaker therefore must take into
consideration its line charging switching current rating.

Slide 14 - Circuit Breaker Characteristics

Oil Circuit Breakers
SF6 Circuit Breakers
Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Slide 15 - Oil Circuit Breakers Characteristics

Oil circuit breakers are more sensitive than other types of
circuit breakers.
The oil circuit breaker will not interrupt the high frequency
restrike current and the high resistance characteristic.
A more dangerous condition is a prestrike during closing.
Such a prestrike may generate shock waves in the oil, which
could result in mechanical damage of the interrupter
chamber.

Slide 16 -- SF6 Circuit Breakers Characteristics

SF-6 circuit breakers there is very little chance that they will
interrupt the high frequency currents.
Higher currents tend to increase the minimum arcing time
and thus develop a larger contact gap and consequently a
greater dielectric withstand capability at the time when the
current is interrupted.

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Slide 17 - Vacuum Circuit Breakers Characteristics
Dielectric recovery is extremely fast and requires very short
gap distances.
Vacuum has a high dielectric capability and at normal closing
speeds the pre-arcing duration is likely that it would not
exceed a millisecond or two.

Slide 18 - REACTOR CURRENT SWITCHING, HIGH TRV

APPLICATIONS
In general switching of reactor currents is associated with
small magnitude of currents, high frequency transient
recovery voltages, and high overvoltages.
for these applications, a vacuum circuit breaker could be a
better choice.