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Received 30 November, 2016; Accepted 03 December, 2016; Published 31 January 2017 The author(s) 2017.
Published with open access at www.dynamicresearchjournals.org
Abstract:- The study compared the economic impact of domestic and foreign tourism through tourists
expenditure pattern in Desert Triangle of Rajasthan. One way Anova test has been used to compare the tourists
expenditure on five primary sectors accommodation, food & drink, transportation (within the city),
entertainment, shopping. Results revealed the rejection of hypothesis for overall level and separately on
accommodation, food & drink, entertainment and acceptance of hypothesis for transportation (within the city),
shopping sector.
Key words: Desert Triangle, One way Anova test, Tourists expenditure, Accommodation, Food & drink,
Transportation (within the city), Entertainment, Shopping.
I. Introduction
Tourism is an activity involving a complex mixture of material and psychological element. The
material ones are accommodation, transportation and the attraction and entertainment available. The
psychological factors include a wide spectrum of attitude and expectations. (V smith, 1977).
Tourism is an important social and economic phenomenon being a key driver of socio-economic
progress through the creation of jobs and enterprises, infrastructure development and the export revenue earned.
The First Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first person that noticed the importance of
tourism in the country. According to him tourism is not only an instrument of earning foreign exchange but also
a mean of seeking international cooperation, understanding and peace between the nations
The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated 8.31 lakh crore (US $ 120
million) or 63% of the nation's GDP in 2015 and supported 37.315 million jobs, 8.7% of its total employment.
The sector is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of 7.5%.
Tourism has a variety of economic impacts. The most direct effect occurs within the primary tourism
sectors lodging, restaurants, transportation, amusements and retail trade. Through secondary effects tourism
affects most sectors of the economy.
This study aims to compare the economic impact of domestic and foreign tourism through tourists
expenditure patterns in the Desert Triangle of Rajasthan.
Hypothesis:-
There is no statistically significant difference between the economic impact of domestic and foreign
tourism in the Desert Triangle of Rajasthan. The hypothesis has five dimensions as par the five sectors of
tourist industry:
Accommodation
Food & Drink
Transportation (within the city)
Entertainment
Shopping
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Comparing Domestic and Foreign Tourists Economic Impact in Desert Triangle of Rajasthan
Study Area:-
Owing to its unique topography, history and culture, customs and relatively peaceful environment,
Rajasthan has been able to attract a large number of tourists. Desert triangle of Rajasthan has been chosen as
the study area. The "Desert Triangle" is the set of three districts Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Bikaner, located in the
desert belt of Rajasthan.
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Comparing Domestic and Foreign Tourists Economic Impact in Desert Triangle of Rajasthan
Chart 1: Average Expenditure per tourist per day (domestic and foreign tourists)
7000
6000
5000
4000 Average Expenditure in
3000 different sectors Foreign
2000 Tourists
1000
0 Average Expenditure in
different sectors
domestic Tourists
Hypothesis testing:
Table 2: calculated F value of different sectors:
Sectors
Accommodation Food & Drink Transportation Entertainment Shopping
F value 26.58 7.29 1.83 5.9 2.57
Source: computed from the primary survey conducted at study area.
The table reveals the calculated F value of comparison of mean scores of tourists expenditure on different
sectors of tourism industry.
50
0
Calculated F value Original table value
Anova test for accommodation sector
8
6
4
2
0
Calculated F value Original table value
Anova test for food & drink sector
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Comparing Domestic and Foreign Tourists Economic Impact in Desert Triangle of Rajasthan
4
3
2
1
0
Calculated F value Oroginal table value
Anova test for transportation sector
Significance level: 5%. Table value: 3.87.
The hypothesis is accepted for the transportation (within the city) sector, where the calculated F value is
1.83 which is less than 3.87.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Calculated F value Oroginal table value
Anova test for entertainment sector
Significance level: 5%. Table value: 3.87.
The hypothesis is rejected for the fourth sector, entertainment, because the calculated F value for the sector
is 5.90 which are greater than the table value which is 3.87.
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Calculated F value Oroginal table value
Anova test for shopping sector
Significance level: 5%. Table value: 3.87.
The hypothesis is accepted for the shopping sector, where the calculated F value (2.57) is less than 3.87.
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Comparing Domestic and Foreign Tourists Economic Impact in Desert Triangle of Rajasthan
15
10
0
Calculated F value Oroginal table value
Anova test for main hypothesis
Significance level: 5%. Table value: 3.87.
Over the entire hypothesis is rejected at the total level where the calculated F value is 12.08 which is greater
than the original table value of F (3.87).
IV. Results
The economic impact of domestic and foreign tourism has a statistically significant difference on
overall level and separately on accommodation, food and drink and entertainment sectors, but for the
transportation (within the city) and shopping sector, the hypothesis is accepted which states that There is
no statistically significant difference between the economic impact of domestic and foreign tourism in the
Desert Triangle of Rajasthan.
It means for over all, accommodation, food and drink and entertainment sector, the foreign tourism has
a greater economic impact but for the transportation (within the city) and shopping sector, the statistical
significant difference has not been found between the economic impacts of both tourisms.
V. Discussion
The reason behind the rejection of hypothesis for accommodation, food and drink was that foreign
tourists likely to spend more on high rate accommodation and food and drink as compared to domestics.
Most of the foreign tourists spent more on highly rated starred hotels rather than home stay and budget
hotels. Additionally, most of them preferred to spend in luxury restaurants that offer great local cuisine.
Another reason for that is, most of the foreign tourists travel as a couple and domestic tourists travel in large
group of family and friends, and because of their sociality, they shared their accommodations with each
other and result was a cheaper and affordable rent.
Factor affecting the acceptance of hypothesis for the transportation sector is that foreign tourists prefer to
walk around the city, because of their curiosity for local culture and heritage. It is easy to carry the shopped
materials for domestic tourists and for foreign tourists it is difficult to send the shopped items to their home
country because of the taxes and duties. Another reason is duration of their stay. Foreign tourists stayed for
a longer period in comparison to domestics, so they could not carry the shopped items to everywhere.
References
[1]. Amir, s., Osman, M.M., Bachok, S., Ibrahim, M. (2015), Understanding domestic and international tourists expenditure pattern
in Melaka: result of CHAID analysis, Procedia: social and behavioural scinces, p-390-397.
[2]. Ardahaey F.T. (2011), Economic Impacts of Tourism Industry, International Journal of Business and Management p3-4.
[3]. Batra, G.S. and Daangwal R.C. (2001), Tourism Promotion and Development: New Advances, Deep and Deep Publication,
New Delhi. P11.
[4]. Ferguson A.F. (2001), 20 years perspective plan for sustainable tourism in Rajasthan, Dept. of Tourism, India p-112.
[5]. Raabova, T. (2014), Economic Impact Calculator: Do It Yourself, Arts and Theatre Institute, Prague, Czech Republic, p-5.
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