Manufacturing of dissolving hardwood and softwood pulp with

continuous cooking and novel fiberline technology

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus Pulp
Janne Vehmaa
Nov 24-27 Colonia UY

www.andritz.com We accept the challenge!

 Content

Dissolving pulp overview

Dissolving pulp cooking
Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
Conclusions

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving pulp overviev
Global Textile Fiber Production

Annual Production Tons

Oil Based Synthetic Fiber 40,000,000

Cotton 25,000,000
Viscose Fiber 4,000,000
Wool and other Animal Fiber 1,000,000

Total Fiber 70,000,000

2008 Data from CIRFS

Viscose fiber is the key alternate fiber for replacement of

lost cotton production

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving pulp overviev
Consumption of DP by Region Average Forecast
The trend in dissolving pulp demand has turned from a rapid decline into modest
growth. The world demand for dissolving pulp is expected to grow from 4.1 million
ADt/a in 2008 to 6.3 million ADt/a by 2025 (CAGR 2.5%/a). Demand is expected to
grow fastest in China and the rest of Asia.
Million tons
7
Forecast

6 Rest of the World

Rest of Asia
5

China
3

2
Japan
1 Western Europe

North America
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Source: Poyry (2009)
6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa
Dissolving pulp overviev
Auto-Hydrolysis of Wood

Cellulose, lignin and some

Moisture remaining hemicellulose
+ Temperature
(155 170 C)
still in Chip Form

Time + Sugar Fragments from

(45 90 minutes) hemicelluloses as:
monomers and oligomers

+ Acetic Acid

+ Smaller amounts of:

levulinic, syringic, formic
End pH in the range of 3.3 3.7 and aldobiuronic acids
Auto buffering
+ Acid Lignin fragments

+ Gases (CO, CO2..)

Pre-hydrolysis kraft process has been known over 60 years

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Dissolving pulp overviev
Typical bleached pulp parameters
Quality parameters are same for SW and HW

Brightness, % (ISO) 88-92

Viscosity, ml/g 450-550
Alpha cellulose, % 93-95
R10, % >92
R18, % >95
Kappa number <0.5
Ash content, % <0.1

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Content

Dissolving pulp overviev

Dissolving pulp cooking
Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
Conclusions

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 EffFibre Dissolving Pulp Mill Concept
Wood consumption balance reference vs. dissolving pulp

Reference

Dissolving pulp
Unit: OD kg/ADMT

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp Cooking
Traditional technology solutions

Variable pH interface
location led to scale
Traditional 160 C formation on screens
equipment cause 40 min and digester walls:
imprecise chip solved in mill by
pH 4 converting to paper
volume fed to
digester, making pH grade for 2 4 days
165 C
adjustment and
interface location 30 min
uncontrollable pH 13

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp Cooking
Technology updates
Chip feed technology Stem vapor phase in both
enable acid feed system vessels;
Stabile feed and retention time.

Heat recovery with reboiler;

Clean steam to chip feed
Stabile pH controll

Water displacement enable

hydrolysate recovery and
decrease alkali charge

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp Cooking
Dissolving Pulp Properties
Andritz DP Results South American DP Producer Eucalyptus
Lab / Mill Specifications
Species Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Standard Special High Grade
Viscosity 400 - 550 520 350 - 599 250 - 599 500 - 599
Brightness 91+ 90.2 88 - 90 89 - 92 > 90.5
S18 1.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.0 4.0 2.3 3.0 < 2.3
S10 2.1 3.8 4.7 6.4 ~7 4.0 7.0 4.0 5.5
Ash 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.08
Extractives < 0.20 < 0.20 < 0.15 < 0.10

Alpha 94.5 97.4 94.7 94.5 96.0 95.0 96.0 95.5 96.5
R18 97.2 98.6 96.2 96.5 97.0 96.5 98.0 >97.2
R10 96.2 97.9 93.6 ~93 93 95 ~95
Pentosans 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 1.5 2.5

Mill results from startup operation has been improved, todays optimized result:
(pentosan < 2.5%, alpha-cellulose 95 97%)
6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa
 Content

Dissolving pulp overviev

Dissolving pulp cooking
Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
Conclusions

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Selecting the bleaching technology
Flexible bleaching
Dissolving pulp
For dissolving pulp
bleaching
Flexibility and paper grade
Process enable viscosity
controll Process conditions enable
Meet brightness target viscosity controll and
Optimized marerials when visco protection
TCF Meet brightness target
Short sequence options: with both grades
TCF/light ECF Typically 3-4 washer
No hexa removal Cost sequence:
Metal removal in bleaching optimization ECF with or without
ozone
Hexa removal option
Metal removal in bleaching

Technology between pulp grades is different

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Methods

Eucalyptus chips were collected from various orgins from South

America
SW chips are from various sources in

The HW prehydrolysis and cooking was done in PITC USA. P-factor

and cooking parameters were fixed according to kappa target.

The SW prehydrolysis and cooking was Done in Aalto university

Finland. P-factor and cooking parameters were fixed according to
kappa target.

Oxygen stage and pressurized alkaline stages was done oil bath
autoclaves

Ozone stage were done in Mark IV mixer

Other bleaching stages were done in polyethylene bags and water bath

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Dissolving Pulp Bleaching
Initial Pulp

Initialpulp HW,Euca SW
KappaNumber 7,8 20,7
Viscosity,mL/g 1211 1024
ISOBrightness,% 44,4 26,2
R10,% 97,2 93,7
R18,% 98 95,1

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Dissolving Pulp Bleaching
Pulp after oxygen stage
OStage HW,Euca SW
Temperature,C 105 95
Time,min 75 60
Pressure,bar 5,5 5,5
NaOH,% 1,2 2
FinalpH 11 12,1
KappaNumber 2,8 9,7
Viscosity,mL/g 997 734
ISOBrightness,% 67,5 37,1

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp bleaching
TCF bleaching performance, Euca
Z/QP P Stage: 90C, 90 min.
Temperature, C 90
ZQ Stage:
Time,min 90
Temperature, C 75 H2O2, % 0,7
Time,min(Dstage) 15
NaOH, % 0,9
O3, % 0,4
Final pH 10,8
DTPA, % 0,15
H2O2, Consumed, % 0,48
H2SO4, % 0,23
NaOH, % 0,27 ISO Brightnesss, % 92,2
Final pH 2.7/5.6 Viscosity mL/g 517
ISO Brightness, % 86,1 R10, % 93,5
Viscosity, mL/g 708 R18, % 97,2

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Light ECF bleachingEuca Eop Stage:
Temperature, C 100
Time,min 90
Z/DEop(D)
Pressure, bar 2,4
NaOH, % 0,8
ZD Stage:
Temperature, C 70 H2O2, % 0,34

Time,min(Dstage) 15 Final pH 10,0

O3, % 0,5 H2O2 Consumed % 0,33
ClO2, % 0,1 Kappa Number 0,3
H2SO4, % 0,2 Viscosity, mL/g 493
Final pH 2.8/2.7 ISO Brightness, % 92,1
Brightness, % ISO 89,2 R 10 92,9
R 18 96,1

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp bleaching
ECF bleaching

DoEopDP EopStage:
HW,euca SW
DoStage:
Temperature,C 95 95
HW,euca SW
Time,min 90 90
Temperature,C 75 60
Pressure,bar 2,4 2,5
Time,min 20 40
NaOH,% 0,9 1,2
H2SO4,% 0,16 0,22
H2O2,% 0,4 0,4
ClO2,% 0,25 0,92
KappaNumber 0,9 1,19
ISOBrightness,% 80,1 56,9
Viscosity,mL/g 680 541
Viscosity,mL/g 848 696
ISOBrightness,% 86,7 77

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp bleaching
ECF bleaching

DoEopDP PStage:
HW,euca SW
D1Stage: Temperature,C 85 85
HW,euca SW Time,min 90 90
Temperature,C 75 70 NaOH,% 0,5 1
Time,min 120 120 H2O2,% 0,1 0,5
H2SO4,% 0,02 0,12 ViscositymL/g 615 489
ClO2,% 0,4 0,27 ISOBrightness,% 91,9 89,3
ISOBrightness,% 91,7 86,6 R10,% 95,7 94
R18,% 97,7 96,5

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Bleaching Results Conclusions
Pre hydrolysis HW Euca kraft pulp done with continuous cooking method is very
easy to bleach

Pre hydrolysis SW kraft pulp has good dissolving properties and reasonable
chemical consumption in bleaching

Two washer bleaching appplications are very attractive solutions, if the mill
produce only viscose pulp

TCF bleaching with ozone is competitive and flexible, if the mill produce only
viscose pulp

The flexible bleaching solution for kraft- and viscose pulp require 3-4 washer
solution

MC-ozone is extremenly efficient in hardwood viscose pulp bleaching and

provide good solution for kraft paper pulp also

Eucalyptus competitive raw material for viscose pulp production

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Content

Dissolving pulp overviev

Dissolving pulp cooking
Dissolving Pulp bleaching
Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
Conclusions

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
Dissolving Grade Kraft Pulp Fiberline

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
Mill Design Considerations
For a Pre-Hydrolysis Kraft Pulp Mill
Fiberline
Hydrolysate handling
cellulose content , 9296 (adjustable)
Viscosity control to target:
P-factor

Cooking and oxygen kappa

High temperature alkali stages; O2, EO, EOP, P

Ozone technology

Metal control and efficient metal washing

A-stage role in metal management

State of art screening system

Transition pulp, storage management in swing line

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Pre hydrolysis kraft mill
MC-ozone technology

Lay-Out and mill installation

Ozone Reactor

Flow stabilator 2
1st ozone mixer

Flow stabilator 1 Second ozone mixer

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Conclusions
Continuous cooking technology is good excellent solution to produce dissolving
pulp from HW and SW.
Existing fiberline can easily modified to produce doissolving pulp and it can
operate as swing line
The dissolving bleaching for HW can be done with two washer application
When ozone is used, the total cemical consumption is extremely low for HW
TCF is attractive option to produce Euca dissolving pulp
Modern fiberline applications in cooking and bleaching provide lot of benefits in
dissolving pulp production.

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

 Thank You!

Questions?

6th International Colloquium on Eucalyptus PulpNov.24-27 Colonia UY. Vehmaa

Fiber Technologies Division
Any questions?

For further information

please contact:
ANDRITZ Oy Finland
+358 20 450 5555

pulpandpaper.fi@andritz.com

www.andritz.com We accept the challenge!